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He Y, Cheng Z, Zhang J, Chen Y, Zhao G, Tang H, Liao Y, Ye T, Peng Y, Li W, Zheng J. RNA Adduction Resulting from the Metabolic Activation of Myristicin by P450 Enzymes and Sulfotransferases. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38959404 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Myristicin (MYR) mainly occurs in nutmeg and belongs to alkoxy-substituted allylbenzenes, a class of potentially toxic natural chemicals. RNA interaction with MYR metabolites in vitro and in vivo has been investigated in order to gain a better understanding of MYR toxicities. We detected two guanosine adducts (GA1 and GA2), two adenosine adducts (AA1 and AA2), and two cytosine adducts (CA1 and CA2) by LC-MS/MS analysis of total RNA extracts from cultured primary mouse hepatocytes and liver tissues of mice after exposure to MYR. An order of nucleoside adductions was found to be GAs > AAs > CAs, and the result of density functional theory calculations was in agreement with that detected by the LC-MS/MS-based approach. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that MYR was oxidized by cytochrome P450 enzymes to 1'-hydroxyl and 3'-hydroxyl metabolites, which were then sulfated by sulfotransferases (SULTs) to form sulfate esters. The resulting sulfates would react with the nucleosides by SN1 and/or SN2 reactions, resulting in RNA adduction. The modification may alter the biochemical properties of RNA and disrupt RNA functions, perhaps partially contributing to the toxicities of MYR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan He
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, PR China
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, PR China
| | - Zihao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, PR China
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, PR China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, PR China
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, PR China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Pain, Affiliated Hospital of, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China
- School of Anesthesiology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China
| | - Guode Zhao
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Hong Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, PR China
- School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, China
| | - Yufen Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, PR China
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, PR China
| | - Tingmin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, PR China
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, PR China
| | - Ying Peng
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
| | - Weiwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, PR China
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, PR China
| | - Jiang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, PR China
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, PR China
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, PR China
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Nieschalke K, Bergau N, Jessel S, Seidel A, Baldermann S, Schreiner M, Abraham K, Lampen A, Monien BH, Kleuser B, Glatt H, Schumacher F. Urinary Excretion of Mercapturic Acids of the Rodent Carcinogen Methyleugenol after a Single Meal of Basil Pesto: A Controlled Exposure Study in Humans. Chem Res Toxicol 2023; 36:1753-1767. [PMID: 37875262 PMCID: PMC10664145 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Methyleugenol (ME), found in numerous plants and spices, is a rodent carcinogen and is classified as "possibly carcinogenic to humans". The hypothesis of a carcinogenic risk for humans is supported by the observation of ME-derived DNA adducts in almost all human liver and lung samples examined. Therefore, a risk assessment of ME is needed. Unfortunately, biomarkers of exposure for epidemiological studies are not yet available. We hereby present the first detection of N-acetyl-l-cysteine conjugates (mercapturic acids) of ME in human urine samples after consumption of a popular ME-containing meal, pasta with basil pesto. We synthesized mercapturic acid conjugates of ME, identified the major product as N-acetyl-S-[3'-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)allyl]-l-cysteine (E-3'-MEMA), and developed methods for its extraction and LC-MS/MS quantification in human urine. For conducting an exposure study in humans, a basil cultivar with a suitable ME content was grown for the preparation of basil pesto. A defined meal containing 100 g of basil pesto, corresponding to 1.7 mg ME, was served to 12 participants, who collected the complete urine at defined time intervals for 48 h. Using d6-E-3'-MEMA as an internal standard for LC-MS/MS quantification, we were able to detect E-3'-MEMA in urine samples of all participants collected after the ME-containing meal. Excretion was maximal between 2 and 6 h after the meal and was completed within about 12 h (concentrations below the limit of detection). Excreted amounts were only between 1 and 85 ppm of the ME intake, indicating that the ultimate genotoxicant, 1'-sulfooxy-ME, is formed to a subordinate extent or is not efficiently detoxified by glutathione conjugation and subsequent conversion to mercapturic acids. Both explanations may apply cumulatively, with the ubiquitous detection of ME DNA adducts in human lung and liver specimens arguing against an extremely low formation of 1'-sulfooxy-ME. Taken together, we hereby present the first noninvasive human biomarker reflecting an internal exposure toward reactive ME species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Nieschalke
- Department
of Nutritional Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- Department
of Food Safety, German Federal Institute
for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nick Bergau
- Department
of Food Safety, German Federal Institute
for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sönke Jessel
- Biochemical
Institute for Environmental Carcinogens, Prof. Dr. Gernot Grimmer-Foundation, 22927 Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Albrecht Seidel
- Biochemical
Institute for Environmental Carcinogens, Prof. Dr. Gernot Grimmer-Foundation, 22927 Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Susanne Baldermann
- Department
Plant Quality and Food Security, Leibniz
Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany
- Faculty of
Life Sciences: Food, Nutrition & Health, University of Bayreuth, 95326 Kulmbach, Germany
| | - Monika Schreiner
- Department
Plant Quality and Food Security, Leibniz
Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany
| | - Klaus Abraham
- Department
of Food Safety, German Federal Institute
for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alfonso Lampen
- Department
of Food Safety, German Federal Institute
for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard H. Monien
- Department
of Food Safety, German Federal Institute
for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Department
of Nutritional Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hansruedi Glatt
- Department
of Food Safety, German Federal Institute
for Risk Assessment (BfR), 10589 Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabian Schumacher
- Department
of Nutritional Toxicology, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Wang X, Ran G, Liao Y, Gong B, Wu C, Tan R, Liu Y, Zhang S, Peng Y, Li W, Zheng J. Formation of RNA adducts resulting from metabolic activation of spice ingredient safrole mediated by P450 enzymes and sulfotransferases. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 174:113688. [PMID: 36841326 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
Safrole (SFL) is an IARC class 2B carcinogen. To better understand the mechanism involved in SFL toxicity, we explored the potential interactions between SFL metabolites and RNA. Three guanosine adducts (G1-G3), two adenosine adducts (A1-A2), and two cytosine adducts (C1-C2) were detected by LC-MS/MS in mouse liver S9 incubations, cultured mouse primary hepatocytes, and liver tissues of mice after exposure to SFL. These adducts were chemically synthesized, and one of the guanosine adducts was structurally characterized by 1H-NMR. Studies in vitro and in vivo showed that SFL was oxidized by cytochrome P450 enzymes to the corresponding 1'-hydroxyl metabolite which was further metabolized by sulfotransferases to form allylic sulfate esters. The formed reactive intermediate(s) subsequently reacted with bases of RNA, leading to RNA adduction, which could play a partial role in the toxicities of SFL through the alteration of RNA biochemical properties and interruption of RNA functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, PR China
| | - Guangyun Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, PR China
| | - Yufen Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, PR China
| | - Bowen Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, PR China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, PR China
| | - Chutian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, PR China
| | - Rong Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, PR China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, PR China; First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550001, PR China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, PR China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, PR China
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, PR China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, PR China; First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550001, PR China
| | - Ying Peng
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China.
| | - Weiwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, PR China.
| | - Jiang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, PR China; School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550004, PR China; Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China.
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4
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Davidsen JM, Cohen SM, Eisenbrand G, Fukushima S, Gooderham NJ, Guengerich FP, Hecht SS, Rietjens IMCM, Rosol TJ, Harman CL, Taylor SV. FEMA GRAS assessment of derivatives of basil, nutmeg, parsley, tarragon and related allylalkoxybenzene-containing natural flavor complexes. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 175:113646. [PMID: 36804339 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
In 2015, the Expert Panel of the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association (FEMA) initiated a program for the re-evaluation of the safety of over 250 natural flavor complexes (NFCs) used as flavoring ingredients in food. In this publication, tenth in the series, NFCs containing a high percentage of at least one naturally occurring allylalkoxybenzene constituent with a suspected concern for genotoxicity and/or carcinogenicity are evaluated. In a related paper, ninth in the series, NFCs containing anethole and/or eugenol and relatively low percentages of these allylalkoxybenzenes are evaluated. The Panel applies the threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) concept and evaluates relevant toxicology data on the NFCs and their respective constituent congeneric groups. For NFCs containing allylalkoxybenzene constituent(s), the estimated intake of the constituent is compared to the TTC for compounds with structural alerts for genotoxicity and when exceeded, a margin of exposure (MOE) is calculated. BMDL10 values are derived from benchmark dose analyses using Bayesian model averaging for safrole, estragole and methyl eugenol using EPA's BMDS software version 3.2. BMDL10 values for myristicin, elemicin and parsley apiole were estimated by read-across using relative potency factors. Margins of safety for each constituent congeneric group and MOEs for each allylalkoxybenzene constituent for each NFC were determined that indicate no safety concern. The scope of the safety evaluation contained herein does not include added use in dietary supplements or any products other than food. Ten NFCs, derived from basil, estragon (tarragon), mace, nutmeg, parsley and Canadian snakeroot were determined or affirmed as generally recognized as safe (GRAS) under their conditions of intended use as flavor ingredients based on an evaluation of each NFC and the constituents and congeneric groups therein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne M Davidsen
- Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association, 1101 17th Street, N.W., Suite 700, Washington, D.C, 20036, USA
| | - Samuel M Cohen
- Havlik-Wall Professor of Oncology, Dept. of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 983135 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-3135, USA
| | - Gerhard Eisenbrand
- University of Kaiserslautern, Germany (Retired), Kühler Grund 48/1, 69126, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shoji Fukushima
- Japan Bioassay Research Center, 2445 Hirasawa, Hadano, Kanagawa, 257-0015, Japan
| | - Nigel J Gooderham
- Dept. of Metabolism, Digestion, Reproduction, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - F Peter Guengerich
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232-0146, USA
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center and Dept. of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Cancer and Cardiovascular Research Building, 2231 6th St, S.E, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Ivonne M C M Rietjens
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 6708 WE, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas J Rosol
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, 1 Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - Christie L Harman
- Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association, 1101 17th Street, N.W., Suite 700, Washington, D.C, 20036, USA
| | - Sean V Taylor
- Scientific Secretary to the FEMA Expert Panel, 1101 17th Street, N.W., Suite 700, Washington, D.C, 20036, USA.
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5
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Myers AL. Metabolism of the areca alkaloids - toxic and psychoactive constituents of the areca (betel) nut. Drug Metab Rev 2022; 54:343-360. [PMID: 35543097 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2022.2075010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Areca nut (AN) is consumed by millions of people for its therapeutic and psychoactive effects, making it one of the most widely self-administered psychoactive substances in the world. Even so, AN use/abuse is associated with myriad oral and systemic side effects, affecting most organ systems in the body. Alkaloids abundant in the nut (e.g. arecoline, arecaidine, guvacoline, and guvacine), collectively called the areca alkaloids, are presumably responsible for the major pharmacological effects experienced by users, with arecoline being the most abundant alkaloid with notable toxicological properties. However, the mechanisms of arecoline and other areca alkaloid elimination in humans remain poorly documented. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to provide an in-depth review of areca alkaloid pharmacokinetics (PK) in biological systems, and discuss mechanisms of metabolism by presenting information found in the literature. Also, the toxicological relevance of the known and purported metabolic steps will be reviewed. In brief, several areca alkaloids contain a labile methyl ester group and are susceptible to hydrolysis, although the human esterase responsible remains presumptive. Other notable mechanisms include N-oxidation, glutathionylation, nitrosamine conversion, and carbon-carbon double-bond reduction. These metabolic conversions result in toxic and sometimes less-toxic derivatives. Arecoline and arecaidine undergo extensive metabolism while far less is known about guvacine and guvacoline. Metabolism information may help predict drug interactions with human pharmaceuticals with overlapping elimination pathways. Altogether, this review provides a first-of-its-kind comprehensive analysis of AN alkaloid metabolism, adds perspective on new mechanisms of metabolism, and highlights the need for future metabolism work in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan L Myers
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Li K, Zou Y, Wang Y, Zhou M, Li J, Tan R, Zhang S, Li W, Zheng J. 2-Naphthalenemethanol participates in metabolic activation of 2-methylnaphthalene. Xenobiotica 2022; 52:360-369. [DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2022.2079022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kunna Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, P R China
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, P R China
| | - Ying Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, P R China
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, P R China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, P R China
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, P R China
| | - Mengyue Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, P R China
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, P R China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, P R China
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, P R China
| | - Rong Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, P R China
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, P R China
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, P R China
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, P R China
| | - Weiwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, P R China
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, P R China
| | - Jiang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, P R China
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, P R China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution, Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, P R China
- Wuya of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, P R China
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Liu H, Wang C. The genus Asarum: A review on phytochemistry, ethnopharmacology, toxicology and pharmacokinetics. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 282:114642. [PMID: 34537281 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In essentially every quadrant of the globe, many species of genus Asarum are used as a common herbal medicine and appear in many formulas or Kampo. Crude drug from several medicinal plants of genus Asarum (MA) known as Asari Radix et Rhizoma (ARR) has been proven to have the functions of dispelling cold, relieving pain, and reducing phlegm according to Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) theory for thousands of years. AIM OF THE STUDY This article reviews the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology and metabolic kinetics related research of genus Asarum to evaluate its ethnopharmacology use and future opportunities for research. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information on relevant studies of the genus Asarum was gathered via the Internet using Baidu Scholar, Web of Science, Elsevier, ResearchGate, ACS, Pudmed and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). Additionally, information was also obtained from some local books, PhD, MS's dissertations and Pharmacopeias. RESULTS The genus Asarum has played an important role in herbal treatment. At present, more than 277 compounds have been isolated or identified from genus Asarum. Among them, volatile oil and lignans are the major active constituents and important chemotaxonomic markers. Modern pharmacological studies indicated that genus Asarum and its active compounds possess a wide range of pharmacological effects, especially analgesic, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, cardiovascular protection, antitussive, immunosuppressive, anti-tumor, and microbicidal activities. CONCLUSIONS Based on this review, therapeutic potential of genus Asarum has been demonstrated with the pharmacological effects on inflammation, CNS, respiratory regulation, cardiovascular diseases, cancer and microbial infection. The available literature showed that the major activities of the genus Asarum can be attributed to the active lignans and essential oils. Further in-depth studies on the aspects of the genus for mechanism of actions, metabolism, pharmacokinetics, toxicology, drug interactions, and clinical trials are still limited, thereby intensive research and assessments should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanze Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Changhong Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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8
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Wu K, Pan H, Li Y, Huang L, Fang C, Shi F. The protein adduction derived from reactive metabolites of multiple furanoids in cortex Dictamni-treated mice. Toxicol Lett 2022; 357:84-93. [PMID: 35017030 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The association of herb medicine Cortex Dictamni (CD) with severe even fatal hepatotoxicity has been widely reported. Recently, we demonstrated that the metabolic activation of at least ten furanoids in CD was responsible for the liver injury caused by the ethanol extract of CD (ECD) in mice. Protein adduction by reactive metabolites is considered to initiate the process of liver injury. Unlike single chemicals, the mode of and the details of protein modification by multiple components in an herb is unclear. This study aimed to characterize protein adductions derived from the reactive metabolite of furanoids in ECD-treated mice and define the association of protein adduction with liver injury. The hepatic cysteine- and lysine-based protein adducts derived from epoxide or cis-enedione of at least six furanoids were identified in mice. The furanoids with an earlier serum content Tmax were mainly to bind with hepatic glutathione and no protein adducts were formed except for dictamnine. The hepatic proteins were modified by the later absorbed furanoids. The levels of hepatic protein adduct were correlated with the degree of liver injury. In addition, the reactive metabolites of different furanoids can simultaneously bind to the model peptide by the identical reactive moiety, indicating the additive effects of the individual furanoids in the modification of hepatic proteins. In conclusion, hepatic protein adduction by multiple furanoids may play a role in ECD-induced liver injury. The earlier absorbed furanoids were mainly to bind with glutathione whereas the hepatic proteins were modified by the later furanoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Wu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, China
| | - Hong Pan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, China; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, China
| | - Linyan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, China
| | - Chao Fang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Fuguo Shi
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, China.
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Gong S, Zhuo Y, Chen S, Hu X, Fan XX, Wu JL, Li N. Quantification of Osimertinib and Metabolite-Protein Modification Reveals Its High Potency and Long Duration of Effects on Target Organs. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:2309-2318. [PMID: 34665607 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Covalent drugs are newly developed and proved to be successful therapies in past decades. However, the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) studies of covalent drugs now ignore the drug and metabolite-protein modification. The low abundance of modified proteins also prevents its investigation. Herein, a simple, selective, and sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)/MS quantitative method was established based on the mechanism of a drug and its metabolite-protein adducts using osimertinib as an example. Five metabolites with covalent modification potential were identified. The drug and its metabolite-cysteine adducts released from modified proteins by a mixed hydrolysis method were developed to characterize the level of the modified proteins. This turned the quantitative objects from proteins or peptides to small molecules, which increased the sensitivity and throughput of the quantitative approach. Accumulation of protein adducts formed by osimertinib and its metabolites in target organs was observed in vivo and long-lasting modifications were noted. These results interpreted the long duration of the covalent drugs' effect from the perspective of both parent and the metabolites. In addition, the established method could also be applied in blood testing as noninvasive monitoring. This newly developed approach showed great feasibility for PK and PD studies of covalent drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Gong
- Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Yue Zhuo
- Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau 999078, China.,Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Shengshuang Chen
- Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Xiaolan Hu
- Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Xing-Xing Fan
- Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Jian-Lin Wu
- Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Na Li
- Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
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Wang M, Zhang J, Zhang J, Sun K, Li Q, Kuang B, Wang MMZ, Hou S, Gong N. Methyl eugenol attenuates liver ischemia reperfusion injury via activating PI3K/Akt signaling. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 99:108023. [PMID: 34358859 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver ischemia reperfusion injury (LIRI) often occurs during liver transplantation, resection, and various circulatory shock procedures, leading to severe metabolic disorders, inflammatory immune responses, oxidative stress injury, and cell apoptosis. Methyl eugenol (ME) is structurally similar to eugenol and has anti-inflammatory and apoptotic pharmacological effects. However, whether ME protects the liver from LIRI damage requires further investigation. METHODS We established a partially warm LIRI model by subjecting C57BL/6J mice to 60 min of ischemia, followed by reperfusion for 6 h. We also established a hypoxia-reoxygenation injury (H/R) cell model by subjecting AML12 (a mouse liver cell line) cells to 24 h hypoxia, followed by 18 h normoxia. The extent of liver injury was assessed by serum transaminase concentrations, hematoxylin and eosin staining, quantitative real-time PCR, myeloperoxidase activity, and TUNEL analysis. Apoptosis was detected using flow cytometry. The protein levels of p-PI3K, PI3K, p-Akt, Akt, p-Bad, Bad, Bcl-2, Bax, and cleaved caspase-3 were detected by western blotting. LY294002, an inhibitor of PI3K/Akt signaling, was used to elucidate the relationship between ME and PI3K/Akt signaling. RESULTS ME successfully alleviated LIRI-induced liver injury, inflammatory response, and apoptosis induced, as well as liver cell injury induced by hypoxia reoxygenation. ME is known to activate the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in hepatocyte injury in vivo and in vitro, and when this signaling pathway is inhibited, the protective effect of ME is abrogated. CONCLUSIONS The use of ME is a potential therapeutic approach for regulating LIRI by activating PI3K/Akt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqin Wang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation of Ministry of Education, National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation of Ministry of Education, National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Jiasi Zhang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation of Ministry of Education, National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Kailun Sun
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation of Ministry of Education, National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Qingwen Li
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation of Ministry of Education, National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Baicheng Kuang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation of Ministry of Education, National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - M M Zhiheng Wang
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation of Ministry of Education, National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Shuaiheng Hou
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation of Ministry of Education, National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Nianqiao Gong
- Institute of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation of Ministry of Education, National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
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Zhang W, Wang M, Song H, Gao C, Wang D, Hua H, Pan Y, Liu X. CYP3A4 inducer aggravates big flower Evodiae Fructus-induced hepatotoxicity whereas limonin attenuates its hepatotoxicity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 264:113277. [PMID: 32810616 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Evodiae Fructus (EF), the traditional Chinese medicine, has been typically used to treat headache, abdominal pain, hernias, and menorrhagia for thousands of years. It is a mild toxicity herb-medicine listed in Sheng Nong's Herbal Classic. Recently, EF was reported to have toxicity or no toxicity in some investigations. Toxicity and approaches to reducing toxicity of EF are of great interest. Limonin (LIM), a major triterpenoid component of EF, also had various pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antioxidant effects. However, little attention was paid to the role of LIM in EF-induced hepatotoxicity. AIM OF STUDY The study aimed to address the problem of controversial hepatotoxicity of EF, evaluate the role of CYP3A4 inducer/inhibitor in EF-induced hepatotoxicity and disclose the effect of LIM in EF-induced hepatotoxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical compositions and hepatotoxicity of small flower EF (SEF), medium flower EF (MEF), big flower EF (BEF) and the "organ knock-out" samples (the shell and seed part of BEF) were investigated. Simultaneously, C57BL-6 mice were randomly divided into four groups, which were given orally administered BEF, BEF in combination with dexamethasone (DEX), BEF in combination with ketoconazole (KTC), and BEF in combination with LIM, respectively. RESULTS In this study, more alkaloids and less LIM were detected in BEF compared with the compounds in SEF and MEF. Furthermore, we found that BEF group induced hepatotoxicity whereas no hepatotoxicity was observed in SEF and MEF groups. In addition, no LIM was detected in the shell part of BEF and five alkaloids were not detected in the seed part of BEF. Correspondingly, the shell part of BEF group induced hepatotoxicity whereas no hepatotoxicity was observed in the seed part of BEF group. It was also found that the BEF-induced hepatotoxicity was remarkably exacerbated when the mice were pretreated with DEX whereas the BEF-induced hepatotoxicity could be reversed by pretreatment with KTC or LIM. CONCLUSIONS Based on the results in this study, the misuse of BEF but not SEF and MEF could produce hepatotoxicity. The hepatotoxicity difference of different categories of EF might be associated with the relative contents of alkaloids and LIM. In addition, the results demonstrated that CYP3A4 inducer aggravated BEF-induced hepatotoxicity and LIM attenuated its hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Mengjiao Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Huijie Song
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Chengfeng Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Huiming Hua
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Yingni Pan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China.
| | - Xiaoqiu Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China.
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12
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Yang X, Feng Y, Zhang Z, Wang H, Li W, Wang DO, Peng Y, Zheng J. In Vitro and In Vivo Evidence for RNA Adduction Resulting from Metabolic Activation of Methyleugenol. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:15134-15141. [PMID: 33296206 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Methyleugenol (ME) is a ubiquitous component in spices and other culinary herbal products. A prevailing theory in ME toxicity is its ability to be metabolically activated by P450 enzymes and sulfotransferases, which initiates sequential reactions of the resulting metabolites with functional biomolecules. The present study aimed at a potential interaction between the reactive metabolites of ME and RNA. Cultured mouse primary hepatocytes were incubated with ME followed by RNA extraction and NaOH and alkaline phosphatase-based RNA hydrolysis. Three adenosine adducts were detected in the hydrolytic mixture by LC-MS/MS. The same adenosine adducts were also detected in hepatic tissues harvested from ME-treated mice. These three adducts were chemically synthesized and structurally characterized by 1H NMR. Additionally, two guanosine adducts and one cytidine adduct were detected in the in vivo samples. These results provided solid evidence that the reactive metabolites of ME attacked RNA, resulting in RNA adduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P. R. China
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yukun Feng
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- Institute of Shandong Xinhua Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Zibo 255000, China
| | - Zhengyu Zhang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P. R. China
| | - Dan Ohtan Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ying Peng
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jiang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
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Wang YK, Yang XN, Zhu X, Xiao XR, Yang XW, Qin HB, Gonzalez FJ, Li F. Role of Metabolic Activation in Elemicin-Induced Cellular Toxicity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:8243-8252. [PMID: 31271289 PMCID: PMC7385589 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Elemicin, an alkenylbenzene constituent of natural oils of several plant species, is widely distributed in food, dietary supplements, and medicinal plants. 1'-Hydroxylation is known to cause metabolic activation of alkenylbenzenes leading to their potential toxicity. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between elemicin metabolism and its toxicity through comparing the metabolic maps between elemicin and 1'-hydroxyelemicin. Elemicin was transformed into a reactive metabolite of 1'-hydroxyelemicin, which was subsequently conjugated with cysteine (Cys) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Administration of NAC could significantly ameliorate the elemicin- and 1'-hydroxyelemicin-induced cytotoxicity of HepG2 cells, while depletion of Cys with diethyl maleate (DEM) increased cytotoxicity. Recombinant human CYP screening and CYP inhibition experiments revealed that multiple CYPs, notably CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP3A4, were responsible for the metabolic activation of elemicin. This study revealed that metabolic activation plays a critical role in elemicin cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Nan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plant, Nanning 530023, China
| | - Xu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xue-Rong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xiu-Wei Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hong-Bo Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- Corresponding Authors. Tel: +86-871-65238010. Fax: +86-871-65238010. . Tel: +86-871-65216953. Fax: +86-871-65216953
| | - Frank J. Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
- Corresponding Authors. Tel: +86-871-65238010. Fax: +86-871-65238010. . Tel: +86-871-65216953. Fax: +86-871-65216953
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Guo X, Chen Y, Li Q, Yang X, Zhao G, Peng Y, Zheng J. Studies on hepatotoxicity and toxicokinetics of colchicine. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2019; 33:e22366. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiucai Guo
- Wuya College of InnovationShenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China
| | - Yan Chen
- Wuya College of InnovationShenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China
| | - Qingmei Li
- Wuya College of InnovationShenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- Wuya College of InnovationShenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China
| | - Guode Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical EngineeringShenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China
| | - Ying Peng
- Wuya College of InnovationShenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China
| | - Jiang Zheng
- Wuya College of InnovationShenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang China
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal PlantsGuizhou Medical University Guiyang Guizhou China
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou ProvinceGuizhou Medical University Guiyang Guizhou China
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Zhu X, Wang YK, Yang XN, Xiao XR, Zhang T, Yang XW, Qin HB, Li F. Metabolic Activation of Myristicin and Its Role in Cellular Toxicity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:4328-4336. [PMID: 30912427 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Myristicin is widely distributed in spices and medicinal plants. The aim of this study was to explore the role of metabolic activation of myristicin in its potential toxicity through a metabolomic approach. The myristicin- N-acetylcysteine adduct was identified by comparing the metabolic maps of myristicin and 1'-hydroxymyristicin. The supplement of N-acetylcysteine could protect against the cytotoxicity of myristicin and 1'-hydroxymyristicin in primary mouse hepatocytes. When the depletion of intracellular N-acetylcysteine was pretreated with diethyl maleate in hepatocytes, the cytotoxicity induced by myristicin and 1'-hydroxymyristicin was deteriorated. It suggested that the N-acetylcysteine adduct resulting from myristicin bioactivation was closely associated with myristicin toxicity. Screening of human recombinant cytochrome P450s (CYPs) and treatment with CYP inhibitors revealed that CYP1A1 was mainly involved in the formation of 1'-hydroxymyristicin. Collectively, this study provided a global view of myristicin metabolism and identified the N-acetylcysteine adduct resulting from myristicin bioactivation, which could be used for understanding the mechanism of myristicin toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhu
- States Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming , Yunnan 650201 , People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Kun Wang
- States Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming , Yunnan 650201 , People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Nan Yang
- States Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming , Yunnan 650201 , People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement , Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plant , Nanning , Guangxi 530023 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Rong Xiao
- States Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming , Yunnan 650201 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhang
- States Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming , Yunnan 650201 , People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Wei Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center , Peking University , Beijing 100191 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Bo Qin
- States Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming , Yunnan 650201 , People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Li
- States Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming , Yunnan 650201 , People's Republic of China
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Nanchang , Jiangxi 330004 , People's Republic of China
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Feng Y, Wang S, Wang H, Peng Y, Zheng J. Urinary Methyleugenol-deoxyadenosine Adduct as a Potential Biomarker of Methyleugenol Exposure in Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:1258-1263. [PMID: 29328669 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Methyleugenol (ME), a natural ingredient of several herbs and spices used in the human diet, is hepatocarcinogenic in rodents. Following metabolic activation to the reactive carbocation intermediate, ME can bind covalently to DNA, which is directly associated with its carcinogenicity. In this work, a non-invasive approach to determine ME exposure was established by monitoring the urinary N6-(methylisoeugenol-3'-yl)-2'-deoxyadenosine (ME-dA) adduct. The developed method entails liquid-liquid extraction enrichment of urinary ME-dA, incorporation of deuterated ME-dA as an internal standard, and analysis by liquid chromatography coupled tandem mass spectrometry. Male rats (10-12 weeks, 180-200 g) were treated (p.o.) with ME, and ME-dA was excreted in urine in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The non-invasive approach enabled us to successfully determine exposure to ME-containing herbs and spices. These results suggest that ME-dA can potentially serve as an effective biomarker of ME exposure in rats. It is expected that the developed approach of detecting urinary ME-dA will facilitate the investigation of ME carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Feng
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Saide Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Peng
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Zheng
- Wuya College of Innovation, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province and Guizhou Medical University , Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, People's Republic of China
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