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Akaike T, Morita M, Ogata S, Yoshitake J, Jung M, Sekine H, Motohashi H, Barayeu U, Matsunaga T. New aspects of redox signaling mediated by supersulfides in health and disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 222:539-551. [PMID: 38992395 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Oxygen molecules accept electrons from the respiratory chain in the mitochondria and are responsible for energy production in aerobic organisms. The reactive oxygen species formed via these oxygen reduction processes undergo complicated electron transfer reactions with other biological substances, which leads to alterations in their physiological functions and cause diverse biological and pathophysiological consequences (e.g., oxidative stress). Oxygen accounts for only a small proportion of the redox reactions in organisms, especially under aerobic or hypoxic conditions but not under anaerobic and hypoxic conditions. This article discusses a completely new concept of redox biology, which is governed by redox-active supersulfides, i.e., sulfur-catenated molecular species. These species are present in abundance in all organisms but remain largely unexplored in terms of redox biology and life science research. In fact, accumulating evidence shows that supersulfides have extensive redox chemical properties and that they can be readily ionized or radicalized to participate in energy metabolism, redox signaling, and oxidative stress responses in cells and in vivo. Thus, pharmacological intervention and medicinal modulation of supersulfide activities have been shown to benefit the regulation of disease pathogenesis as well as disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Akaike
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Masanobu Morita
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Seiryo Ogata
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Jun Yoshitake
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Minkyung Jung
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sekine
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hozumi Motohashi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Uladzimir Barayeu
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan; Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, 55128, Germany.
| | - Tetsuro Matsunaga
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan; Center for Integrated Control, Epidemiology and Molecular Pathophysiology of Infectious Diseases, Akita University, Akita, 010-8543, Japan.
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Abstract
Significance: Routine exposure to xenobiotics is unavoidable during our lifetimes. Certain xenobiotics are hazardous to human health, and are metabolized in the body to render them less toxic. During this process, several detoxification enzymes cooperatively metabolize xenobiotics. Glutathione (GSH) conjugation plays an important role in the metabolism of electrophilic xenobiotics. Recent Advances: Recent advances in reactive sulfur and supersulfide (RSS) analyses showed that persulfides and polysulfides bound to low-molecular-weight thiols, such as GSH, and to protein thiols are abundant in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. The highly nucleophilic nature of hydropersulfides and hydropolysulfides contributes to cell protection against oxidative stress and electrophilic stress. Critical Issues: In contrast to GSH conjugation to electrophiles that is aided by glutathione S-transferase (GST), persulfides and polysulfides can directly form conjugates with electrophiles without the catalytic actions of GST. The polysulfur bonds in the conjugates are further reduced by perthioanions and polythioanions derived from RSS to form sulfhydrated metabolites that are no longer electrophilic but rather nucleophilic, and differ from metabolites that are formed via GSH conjugation. Future Directions: In view of the abundance of RSS in cells and tissues, metabolism of xenobiotics that is mediated by RSS warrants additional investigations, such as studies of the impact of microbiota-derived RSS on xenobiotic metabolism. Metabolites formed from reactions between electrophiles and RSS may be potential biomarkers for monitoring exposure to electrophiles and for studying their metabolism by RSS. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 40, 679-690.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianli Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Sawa
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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Kasamatsu S, Owaki T, Komae S, Kinno A, Ida T, Akaike T, Ihara H. Untargeted polysulfide omics analysis of alternations in polysulfide production during the germination of broccoli sprouts. Redox Biol 2023; 67:102875. [PMID: 37699321 PMCID: PMC10500461 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Higher consumption of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) is associated with a reduced risk of cardiometabolic diseases, neurological disorders, diabetes, and cancer. Broccoli is rich in various phytochemicals, including glucosinolates, and isothiocyanates. Moreover, it has recently reported the endogenous production of polysulfides, such as cysteine hydropersulfide (CysS2H) and glutathione hydropersulfide (GS2H), in mammals including humans, and that these bioactive substances function as potent antioxidants and important regulators of redox signaling in vivo. However, few studies have focused on the endogenous polysulfide content of broccoli and the impact of germination on the polysulfide content and composition in broccoli. In this study, we investigated the alternations in polysulfide biosynthesis in broccoli during germination by performing untargeted polysulfide omics analysis and quantitative targeted polysulfide metabolomics through liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. We also performed 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical-scavenging assay to determine the antioxidant properties of the polysulfides. The results revealed that the total polysulfide content of broccoli sprouts significantly increased during germination and growth; CysS2H and cysteine hydrotrisulfide were the predominant organic polysulfide metabolites. Furthermore, we determined that novel sulforaphane (SFN) derivatives conjugated with CysS2H and GS2H were endogenously produced in the broccoli sprouts, and the novel SFN conjugated with CysS2H exhibited a greater radical scavenging capacity than SFN and cysteine. These results suggest that the abundance of polysulfides in broccoli sprouts contribute to their health-promoting properties. Our findings have important biological implications for the development of novel pharmacological targets for the health-promoting effects of broccoli sprouts in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Kasamatsu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, 599-8531, Japan; Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Takuma Owaki
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Somei Komae
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Ayaka Kinno
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ida
- Organization for Research Promotion, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hideshi Ihara
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, 599-8531, Japan; Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, 599-8531, Japan.
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Tieu S, Charchoglyan A, Paulsen L, Wagter-Lesperance LC, Shandilya UK, Bridle BW, Mallard BA, Karrow NA. N-Acetylcysteine and Its Immunomodulatory Properties in Humans and Domesticated Animals. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1867. [PMID: 37891946 PMCID: PMC10604897 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an acetylated derivative of the amino acid L-cysteine, has been widely used as a mucolytic agent and antidote for acetaminophen overdose since the 1960s and the 1980s, respectively. NAC possesses antioxidant, cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and mucolytic properties, making it a promising therapeutic agent for a wide range of diseases in both humans and domesticated animals. Oxidative stress and inflammation play a major role in the onset and progression of all these diseases. NAC's primary role is to replenish glutathione (GSH) stores, the master antioxidant in all tissues; however, it can also reduce levels of pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-∝) and interleukins (IL-6 and IL-1β), inhibit the formation of microbial biofilms and destroy biofilms, and break down disulfide bonds between mucin molecules. Many experimental studies have been conducted on the use of NAC to address a wide range of pathological conditions; however, its effectiveness in clinical trials remains limited and studies often have conflicting results. The purpose of this review is to provide a concise overview of promising NAC usages for the treatment of different human and domestic animal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Tieu
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (S.T.); (U.K.S.)
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.P.); (L.C.W.-L.); (B.W.B.); (B.A.M.)
| | - Armen Charchoglyan
- ImmunoCeutica Inc., Cambridge, ON N1T 1N6, Canada
- Advanced Analysis Centre, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Lauryn Paulsen
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.P.); (L.C.W.-L.); (B.W.B.); (B.A.M.)
| | - Lauri C. Wagter-Lesperance
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.P.); (L.C.W.-L.); (B.W.B.); (B.A.M.)
- ImmunoCeutica Inc., Cambridge, ON N1T 1N6, Canada
| | - Umesh K. Shandilya
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (S.T.); (U.K.S.)
| | - Byram W. Bridle
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.P.); (L.C.W.-L.); (B.W.B.); (B.A.M.)
- ImmunoCeutica Inc., Cambridge, ON N1T 1N6, Canada
| | - Bonnie A. Mallard
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (L.P.); (L.C.W.-L.); (B.W.B.); (B.A.M.)
- ImmunoCeutica Inc., Cambridge, ON N1T 1N6, Canada
| | - Niel A. Karrow
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada; (S.T.); (U.K.S.)
- ImmunoCeutica Inc., Cambridge, ON N1T 1N6, Canada
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Kinno A, Kasamatsu S, Akaike T, Ihara H. Reactive Sulfur Species Omics Analysis in the Brain Tissue of the 5xFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051105. [PMID: 37237971 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder whereby oxidative stress augmentation results in mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death by apoptosis. Emerging evidence indicates that reactive sulfur species (RSS), such as glutathione hydropersulfide (GSSH), is endogenously produced, functions as potent antioxidants, and regulate redox signaling through the formation of protein polysulfides. However, the relationship between RSS and AD pathogenesis is not fully understood. In this study, we analyzed endogenous RSS production in the brain tissue of a familial AD model (5xFAD) mouse using multiple RSS-omics approaches. Memory impairment, increased amyloid plaques, and neuroinflammation have been confirmed in 5xFAD mice. Quantitative RSS omics analysis revealed that the total polysulfide content was significantly decreased in the brains of 5xFAD mice, whereas there was no significant difference in the levels of glutathione, GSSH, or hydrogen sulfide between wild-type and 5xFAD mice. In contrast, a significant decline in the protein polysulfide status was observed in the brains of 5xFAD mice, suggesting that RSS production and subsequent redox signaling might be altered during the onset and progression of AD. Our findings have important implications for understanding the significance of RSS in the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies for AD.
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Grants
- 19K06537 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 22K06148 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- JPMJCR2024 Japan Science and Technology Agency
- 2017G036 Smoking Research Foundation
- 2022-HI Fuji Foundation for Protein Research
- 21H05263 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 22K19397 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 16H04674 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 20K21256 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 21H02082 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 21H05263 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayaka Kinno
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Shingo Kasamatsu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hideshi Ihara
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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Zainol Abidin QH, Ida T, Morita M, Matsunaga T, Nishimura A, Jung M, Hassan N, Takata T, Ishii I, Kruger W, Wang R, Motohashi H, Tsutsui M, Akaike T. Synthesis of Sulfides and Persulfides Is Not Impeded by Disruption of Three Canonical Enzymes in Sulfur Metabolism. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040868. [PMID: 37107243 PMCID: PMC10135671 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive sulfur species, or persulfides and polysulfides, such as cysteine hydropersulfide and glutathione persulfide, are endogenously produced in abundance in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, including mammals. Various forms of reactive persulfides occur in both low-molecular-weight and protein-bound thiols. The chemical properties and great supply of these molecular species suggest a pivotal role for reactive persulfides/polysulfides in different cellular regulatory processes (e.g., energy metabolism and redox signaling). We demonstrated earlier that cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase (CARS) is a new cysteine persulfide synthase (CPERS) and is responsible for the in vivo production of most reactive persulfides (polysulfides). Some researchers continue to suggest that 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (3-MST), cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), and cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) may also produce hydrogen sulfide and persulfides that may be generated during the transfer of sulfur from 3-mercaptopyruvate to the cysteine residues of 3-MST or direct synthesis from cysteine by CBS/CSE, respectively. We thus used integrated sulfur metabolome analysis, which we recently developed, with 3-MST knockout (KO) mice and CBS/CSE/3-MST triple-KO mice, to elucidate the possible contribution of 3-MST, CBS, and CSE to the production of reactive persulfides in vivo. We therefore quantified various sulfide metabolites in organs derived from these mutant mice and their wild-type littermates via this sulfur metabolome, which clearly revealed no significant difference between mutant mice and wild-type mice in terms of reactive persulfide production. This result indicates that 3-MST, CBS, and CSE are not major sources of endogenous reactive persulfide production; rather, CARS/CPERS is the principal enzyme that is actually involved in and even primarily responsible for the biosynthesis of reactive persulfides and polysulfides in vivo in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qamarul Hafiz Zainol Abidin
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ida
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Masanobu Morita
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Matsunaga
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Akira Nishimura
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Minkyung Jung
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Naim Hassan
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takata
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Isao Ishii
- Department of Health Chemistry, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo 194-8543, Japan
| | - Warren Kruger
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111-2497, USA
| | - Rui Wang
- Faculty of Science, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Hozumi Motohashi
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Masato Tsutsui
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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Akiyama M, Unoki T, Aoki H, Nishimura A, Shinkai Y, Warabi E, Nishiyama K, Furumoto Y, Anzai N, Akaike T, Nishida M, Kumagai Y. Cystine-dependent antiporters buffer against excess intracellular reactive sulfur species-induced stress. Redox Biol 2022; 57:102514. [PMID: 36279630 PMCID: PMC9594640 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive sulfur species (RSS) play a role in redox homeostasis; however, adaptive cell responses to excessive intracellular RSS are not well understood. Therefore, in this study, we generated transgenic (Tg) mice overexpressing cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE) to produce excessive RSS. Contrary to expectations, tissue concentrations of RSS, such as cysteine persulfide (CysSSH), were comparable in both wild-type and CSE Tg mice, but the plasma concentrations of CysSSH were significantly higher in CSE Tg mice than in wild-type mice. This export of surplus intracellular RSS was also observed in primary hepatocytes of CSE Tg mice. Exposure of primary hepatocytes to the RSS generator sodium tetrasulfide (Na2S4) resulted in an initial increase in the intracellular concentration of RSS, which later returned to basal levels after export into the extracellular space. Interestingly, among all amino acids, cystine (CysSSCys) was found to be essential for CysSSH export from primary mouse hepatocytes, HepG2 cells, and HEK293 cells during Na2S4 exposure, suggesting that the cystine/glutamate transporter (SLC7A11) contributes, at least partially, to CysSSH export. We established HepG2 cell lines with knockout and overexpression of SLC7A11 and used them to confirm SLC7A11 as the predominant antiporter of CysSSCys and CysSSH. We observed that the poor efflux of excess CysSSH from the cell enhanced cellular stresses induced by Na2S4 exposure, such as polysulfidation of intracellular proteins, mitochondrial damage, and cytotoxicity. These results suggest the presence of a cellular response to excess intracellular RSS that involves the extracellular efflux of excess CysSSH by a cystine-dependent transporter to maintain intracellular redox homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Akiyama
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan; Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Keio University, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Unoki
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, National Institute for Minamata Disease, Kumamoto, 867-0008, Japan
| | - Hanako Aoki
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Akiyuki Nishimura
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Shinkai
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan; Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Eiji Warabi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan; Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nishiyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yuka Furumoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Naohiko Anzai
- Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Motohiro Nishida
- National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshito Kumagai
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan; Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
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8
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Akiyama M, Shinkai Y, Yamakawa H, Kim YG, Kumagai Y. Potentiation of methylmercury toxicity by combined metal exposure: In vitro and in vivo models of a restricted metal exposome. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 299:134374. [PMID: 35318019 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a prevalent toxic metal that readily modifies protein thiols. Reactive persulfides that play a role in redox homeostasis are able to inactivate this metal through sulfur adduct formation. Although humans are exposed to other metals that could consume reactive persulfides on a daily basis, the health effects of combined exposure to MeHg and other metals remain unexplored. This study aimed to examine potential MeHg toxicity during exposure to MeHg with other metals capable of consuming reactive persulfides. We designed a simple system to assess the risk of combined exposure to metals based on reactivity to reactive persulfides and mercury accumulation. Among the metals examined in a cell-free system, copper, cadmium, nickel, and MeHg consumed Na2S2, used as a model of reactive persulfides, whereas zinc, iron, lithium, strontium, tin, and aluminum did not. In HepG2 cells, binary exposure to MeHg and copper, but not aluminum, increased the consumption of extracellular reactive persulfides. Binary exposure exacerbated MeHg-induced cytotoxicity by promoting the modification of intracellular proteins by MeHg. In a mouse model, binary exposure to MeHg and copper resulted in elevated mercury accumulation in the fetuses and placenta of pregnant mice, as well as the brain and liver of non-pregnant mice. Our study suggests that MeHg sensitivity can be increased by combined exposure with other electrophilic metals. In particular, binary exposure to MeHg and copper during pregnancy exacerbated mercury accumulation in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Akiyama
- Environmental Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan; Research Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Keio University, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Shinkai
- Environmental Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan; Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hiroto Yamakawa
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yun-Gi Kim
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Keio University, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Yoshito Kumagai
- Environmental Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan; Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
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9
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Fujimura M, Usuki F. Cellular Conditions Responsible for Methylmercury-Mediated Neurotoxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137218. [PMID: 35806222 PMCID: PMC9266708 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a widely known environmental pollutant that causes severe neurotoxicity. MeHg-induced neurotoxicity depends on various cellular conditions, including differences in the characteristics of tissues and cells, exposure age (fetal, childhood, or adulthood), and exposure levels. Research has highlighted the importance of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of MeHg-induced toxicity and the site- and cell-specific nature of MeHg-induced neurotoxicity. The cerebellar granule cells and deeper layer cerebrocortical neurons are vulnerable to MeHg. In contrast, the hippocampal neurons are resistant to MeHg, even at high mercury accumulation levels. This review summarizes the mechanisms underlying MeHg-mediated intracellular events that lead to site-specific neurotoxicity. Specifically, we discuss the mechanisms associated with the redox ability, neural outgrowth and synapse formation, cellular signaling pathways, epigenetics, and the inflammatory conditions of microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatake Fujimura
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, National Institute for Minamata Disease, Kumamoto 867-0008, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-966-63-3111; Fax: +81-966-61-1145
| | - Fusako Usuki
- Division of Neuroimmunology, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan;
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Xu Y, Xu B, Wang J, Jin H, Xu S, Wang G, Zhen L. Peroxynitrite‐Promoted Persulfide Prodrugs with Protective Potential against Paracetamol Poisoning. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200540. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya‐Wen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics China Pharmaceutical University 24 Tongjia Xiang Nanjing 210009 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Bi‐Xin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics China Pharmaceutical University 24 Tongjia Xiang Nanjing 210009 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Jiankun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics China Pharmaceutical University 24 Tongjia Xiang Nanjing 210009 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Hao‐Wen Jin
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics China Pharmaceutical University 24 Tongjia Xiang Nanjing 210009 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Si‐Tao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics China Pharmaceutical University 24 Tongjia Xiang Nanjing 210009 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Guangji Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics China Pharmaceutical University 24 Tongjia Xiang Nanjing 210009 Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Le Zhen
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics China Pharmaceutical University 24 Tongjia Xiang Nanjing 210009 Jiangsu P. R. China
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11
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Horai S, Abiko Y, Unoki T, Shinkai Y, Akiyama M, Nakata K, Kunisue T, Kumagai Y. Concentrations of nucleophilic sulfur species in small Indian mongoose (Herpestes auropunctatus) in Okinawa, Japan. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 295:133833. [PMID: 35120952 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Reactive sulfur species (RSS), such as hydrogen per (poly)sulfide, cysteine per (poly)sulfide, glutathione per (poly)sulfide, and protein-bound per (poly)sulfides, can easily react with environmental electrophiles such as methylmercury (MeHg), because of their high nucleophilicity. These RSS are produced by enzymes such as cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) and are found in mammalian organs. Organs of wildlife have not been analyzed for hydrogen sulfide, cysteine, glutathione, and RSS. In this study, low molecular weight nucleophilic sulfur substances, including RSS, were quantified by stable isotope dilution assay-based liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry using β-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl iodoacetamide to capture the target chemicals in the small Indian mongoose which species possesses high mercury content as same as some marine mammals. Western blotting revealed that the mongoose organs (liver, kidney, cerebrum, and cerebellum) contained proteins that cross-reacted with anti-CBS and CSE antibodies. The expression patterns of these enzymes were similar to those in mice, indicating that mongoose organs contain CBS and CSE. Moreover, bis-methylmercury sulfide (MeHg)2S, which is a low toxic compound in comparison to MeHg, was found in the liver of this species. These results suggest that the small Indian mongoose produces RSS and monothiols associated with detoxification of electrophilic organomercury. The animals which have high mercury content in their bodies may have function of mercury detoxification involved not only Se but also RSS interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawako Horai
- Environmental Health Section, Department of Environment and Public Health, National Institute for Minamata Disease, 4058-18 Hama, Minamata, Kumamoto, 867-0008, Japan.
| | - Yumi Abiko
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Takamitsu Unoki
- Hygienic Chemistry Section, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, National Institute for Minamata Disease, 4058-18 Hama, Minamata, Kumamoto, 867-0008, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Shinkai
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Akiyama
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan.
| | - Katsushi Nakata
- Nansei Environmental Laboratory Co., Ltd., 4-4 Agarizaki, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0105, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Kunisue
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8577, Japan.
| | - Yoshito Kumagai
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
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12
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Sawa T, Takata T, Matsunaga T, Ihara H, Motohashi H, Akaike T. Chemical Biology of Reactive Sulfur Species: Hydrolysis-Driven Equilibrium of Polysulfides as a Determinant of Physiological Functions. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 36:327-336. [PMID: 34409860 PMCID: PMC8865625 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Polysulfide species (i.e., R-Sn-R', n > 2; and R-Sn-H, n > 1) exist in many organisms. The highly nucleophilic nature of hydropersulfides and hydropolysulfides contributes to the potent antioxidant activities of polysulfide species that protect organisms against oxidative and electrophilic stresses. Recent Advances: Accumulating evidence suggests that organic polysulfides (R-Sn-R') readily undergo alkaline hydrolysis, which results in formation of both nucleophilic hydrosulfide/polysulfide (R-Sn-1H) and electrophilic sulfenic acid (R'SOH) species. Polysulfides maintain a steady-state equilibrium that is driven by hydrolysis even in aqueous physiological milieus. This unique property makes polysulfide chemistry and biology more complex than previously believed. Critical Issues: The hydrolysis equilibrium of polysulfides shifts to the right when electrophiles are present. Strong electrophilic alkylating agents (e.g., monobromobimane) greatly enhance polysulfide hydrolysis, which leads to increased polysulfide degradation and artifactual formation of bis-S-bimane adducts in the absence of free hydrogen sulfide. The finding that hydroxyl group-containing substances such as tyrosine efficiently protected polysulfides from hydrolysis led to development of the new alkylating agent, N-iodoacetyl l-tyrosine methyl ester (TME-IAM). TME-IAM efficiently and specifically traps and stabilizes hydropolysulfides and protects polysulfide chains from hydrolysis, and, when used with mass spectrometry, TME-IAM allows speciation of the reactive sulfur metabolome. In addition, the polyethylene glycol-conjugated maleimide-labeling gel shift assay, which relies on unique hydrolysis equilibrium of polysulfides, will be a reliable technique for proteomics of polysulfide-containing proteins. Future Directions: Using precise methodologies to achieve a better understanding of the occurrence and metabolism of polysulfide species is necessary to gain insights into the undefined biology of polysulfide species. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 36, 327-336.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Sawa
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takata
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Matsunaga
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hideshi Ihara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hozumi Motohashi
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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13
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Kasamatsu S, Tsutsuki H, Ida T, Sawa T, Watanabe Y, Akaike T, Ihara H. Regulation of nitric oxide/reactive oxygen species redox signaling by nNOS splicing variants. Nitric Oxide 2022; 120:44-52. [PMID: 35033681 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated different expression patterns of the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) splicing variants, nNOS-μ and nNOS-α, in the rat brain; however, their exact functions have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we compared the enzymatic activities of nNOS-μ and nNOS-α and investigated intracellular redox signaling in nNOS-expressing PC12 cells, stimulated with a neurotoxicant, 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+), to enhance the nNOS uncoupling reaction. Using in vitro studies, we show that nNOS-μ produced nitric oxide (NO), as did nNOS-α, in the presence of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), an important cofactor for the enzymatic activity. However, nNOS-μ generated more NO and less superoxide than nNOS-α in the absence of BH4. MPP + treatment induced more reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in nNOS-α-expressing PC12 cells than in those expressing nNOS-μ, which correlated with the intracellular production of 8-nitroguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-nitro-cGMP), a downstream messenger of nNOS redox signaling, and apoptosis in these cells. Furthermore, post-treatment with 8-nitro-cGMP aggravated MPP+-induced cytotoxicity via activation of the H-Ras/extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathway. In conclusion, our results provide strong evidence that nNOS-μ exhibits distinctive enzymatic properties of NO/ROS production, contributing to the regulation of intracellular redox signaling, including the downstream production of 8-nitro-cGMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Kasamatsu
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Tsutsuki
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ida
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Sawa
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Yasuo Watanabe
- Department of Pharmacology, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hideshi Ihara
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan.
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14
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Unoki T, Akiyama M, Shinkai Y, Kumagai Y, Fujimura M. Spatio-temporal distribution of reactive sulfur species during methylmercury exposure in the rat brain. J Toxicol Sci 2022; 47:31-37. [PMID: 34987139 DOI: 10.2131/jts.47.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Brain susceptibility to methylmercury (MeHg) is developmentally and regionally specific in both humans and rodents, but the mechanism is not well clarified. Reactive sulfur species (RSS) with high nucleophilicity can react with MeHg, leading to the formation of a less toxic metabolite bismethylmercury sulfide, thus exerting cytoprotection. In this study, we assessed the variation of RSS content in the rat brain and evaluated its relevance in sensitivity to MeHg. Analyses of fetal/juvenile rat brains showed low RSS levels in early developmental stages. Site-specific analysis of adult rat brains revealed that cerebellar RSS levels were lower than those of the hippocampus. Microscopically, RSS levels of the granular cell layer were lower than those of the molecular layer in the cerebellum. Thus, low RSS levels corresponded with age and site of the brain that is vulnerable to MeHg. Taken together with the finding that brain RSS were consumed during MeHg exposure, these results indicate that RSS is a factor that defines the specificity of MeHg vulnerability in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamitsu Unoki
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, National Institute for Minamata Disease
| | - Masahiro Akiyama
- Research Center for Drug Discovery, Faculty of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Keio University
| | - Yasuhiro Shinkai
- Environmental Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba
| | - Yoshito Kumagai
- Environmental Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba
| | - Masatake Fujimura
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, National Institute for Minamata Disease
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15
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Pedre B, Barayeu U, Ezeriņa D, Dick TP. The mechanism of action of N-acetylcysteine (NAC): The emerging role of H 2S and sulfane sulfur species. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 228:107916. [PMID: 34171332 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Initially adopted as a mucolytic about 60 years ago, the cysteine prodrug N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is the standard of care to treat paracetamol intoxication, and is included on the World Health Organization's list of essential medicines. Additionally, NAC increasingly became the epitome of an "antioxidant". Arguably, it is the most widely used "antioxidant" in experimental cell and animal biology, as well as clinical studies. Most investigators use and test NAC with the idea that it prevents or attenuates oxidative stress. Conventionally, it is assumed that NAC acts as (i) a reductant of disulfide bonds, (ii) a scavenger of reactive oxygen species and/or (iii) a precursor for glutathione biosynthesis. While these mechanisms may apply under specific circumstances, they cannot be generalized to explain the effects of NAC in a majority of settings and situations. In most cases the mechanism of action has remained unclear and untested. In this review, we discuss the validity of conventional assumptions and the scope of a newly discovered mechanism of action, namely the conversion of NAC into hydrogen sulfide and sulfane sulfur species. The antioxidative and cytoprotective activities of per- and polysulfides may explain many of the effects that have previously been ascribed to NAC or NAC-derived glutathione.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandán Pedre
- Division of Redox Regulation, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Uladzimir Barayeu
- Division of Redox Regulation, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daria Ezeriņa
- Division of Redox Regulation, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tobias P Dick
- Division of Redox Regulation, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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16
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Kasamatsu S, Ida T, Koga T, Asada K, Motohashi H, Ihara H, Akaike T. High-Precision Sulfur Metabolomics Innovated by a New Specific Probe for Trapping Reactive Sulfur Species. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 34:1407-1419. [PMID: 33198504 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Persulfides and other reactive sulfur species are endogenously produced in large amounts in vivo and participate in multiple cellular functions underlying physiological and pathological conditions. In the current study, we aimed to develop an ideal alkylating agent for use in sulfur metabolomics, particularly targeting persulfides and other reactive sulfur species, with minimal artifactual decomposition. Results: We synthesized a tyrosine-based iodoacetamide derivative, N-iodoacetyl l-tyrosine methyl ester (TME-IAM), which reacts with the thiol residue of cysteine identically to that of β-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl iodoacetamide (HPE-IAM), a commercially available reagent. Our previous study revealed that although various electrophilic alkylating agents readily decomposed polysulfides, HPE-IAM exceptionally stabilized the polysulfides by inhibiting their alkaline hydrolysis. The newly synthesized TME-IAM stabilizes oxidized glutathione tetrasulfide more efficiently than other alkylating agents, including HPE-IAM, iodoacetamide, and monobromobimane. In fact, our quantitative sulfur-related metabolome analysis showed that TME-IAM is a more efficient trapping agent for endogenous persulfides/polysulfides containing a larger number of sulfur atoms in mouse liver and brain tissues compared with HPE-IAM. Innovation and Conclusions: We developed a novel iodoacetamide derivative, which is the most ideal reagent developed to date for detecting endogenous persulfides/polysulfides formed in biological samples, such as cultured cells, tissues, and plasma. This new probe may be useful for investigating the unique chemical properties of reactive persulfides, thereby enabling identification of novel reactive sulfur metabolites that remain unidentified because of their instability, and thus can be applied in high-precision sulfur metabolomics in redox biology and medicine. We did not perform any clinical experiments in this study. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 34, 1407-1419.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Kasamatsu
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ida
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Taisei Koga
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kosho Asada
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hozumi Motohashi
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hideshi Ihara
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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17
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Kasamatsu S, Ihara H. Regulation of redox signaling by reactive sulfur species. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2021; 68:111-115. [PMID: 33879961 PMCID: PMC8046004 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.20-124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive sulfur species, such as cysteine persulfide, are produced endogenously at significant levels in cells and have rapidly emerged as common biomolecules. By virtue of improved analytical methods for detecting reactive persulfides, it has been demonstrated that these reactive molecules exhibit unique chemical properties and are present in various forms in vivo. Accumulating evidence has suggested that persulfides may be involved in a variety of biological processes, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses, biosynthesis of sulfur-containing molecules, mitochondrial energy metabolism via sulfur respiration, and cytoprotection via regulation of redox signal transduction induced by endogenous and exogenous electrophiles. Elucidation of the persulfide-dependent metabolism of redox signals is expected to facilitate our understanding of the importance of persulfides in regulating redox signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Kasamatsu
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Hideshi Ihara
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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18
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Granitzer S, Widhalm R, Forsthuber M, Ellinger I, Desoye G, Hengstschläger M, Zeisler H, Salzer H, Gundacker C. Amino Acid Transporter LAT1 (SLC7A5) Mediates MeHg-Induced Oxidative Stress Defense in the Human Placental Cell Line HTR-8/SVneo. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041707. [PMID: 33567754 PMCID: PMC7915079 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The placental barrier can protect the fetus from contact with harmful substances. The potent neurotoxin methylmercury (MeHg), however, is very efficiently transported across the placenta. Our previous data suggested that L-type amino acid transporter (LAT)1 is involved in placental MeHg uptake, accepting MeHg-L-cysteine conjugates as substrate due to structural similarity to methionine. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antioxidant defense of placental cells to MeHg exposure and the role of LAT1 in this response. When trophoblast-derived HTR-8/SVneo cells were LAT1 depleted by siRNA-mediated knockdown, they accumulated less MeHg. However, they were more susceptible to MeHg-induced toxicity. This was evidenced in decreased cell viability at a usually noncytotoxic concentration of 0.03 µM MeHg (~6 µg/L). Treatment with ≥0.3 µM MeHg increased cytotoxicity, apoptosis rate, and oxidative stress of HTR-8/SVneo cells. These effects were enhanced under LAT1 knockdown. Reduced cell number was seen when MeHg-exposed cells were cultured in medium low in cysteine, a constituent of the tripeptide glutathione (GSH). Because LAT1-deficient HTR-8/SVneo cells have lower GSH levels than control cells (independent of MeHg treatment), we conclude that LAT1 is essential for de novo synthesis of GSH, required to counteract oxidative stress. Genetic predisposition to decreased LAT1 function combined with MeHg exposure could increase the risk of placental damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Granitzer
- Karl-Landsteiner Private University for Health Sciences, A-3500 Krems, Austria; (S.G.); (R.W.)
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.F.); (M.H.)
| | - Raimund Widhalm
- Karl-Landsteiner Private University for Health Sciences, A-3500 Krems, Austria; (S.G.); (R.W.)
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.F.); (M.H.)
| | - Martin Forsthuber
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.F.); (M.H.)
| | - Isabella Ellinger
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Gernot Desoye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, A-8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Markus Hengstschläger
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.F.); (M.H.)
| | - Harald Zeisler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Hans Salzer
- Clinical Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Tulln, A-3430 Tulln, Austria;
| | - Claudia Gundacker
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.F.); (M.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-1-40160-56503
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19
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Xu Y, Wang J, Zhen L, Wang G. Research Progress of Small-Molecular Hydropersulfide Donors. CHINESE J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.6023/cjoc202101008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Kasamatsu S. Persulfide-Dependent Regulation of Electrophilic Redox Signaling in Neural Cells. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:1320-1331. [PMID: 32536194 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Redox homeostasis is precisely modulated by intricate systems that regulate production, elimination, and metabolism of electrophilic substances (electrophiles) in the nervous system. Since the first report of the endogenous production of reactive persulfide species in cells, such as cysteine persulfides (CysSSH), these reactive species have been a topic of extreme interest in the field of redox biology; persulfides/polysulfides possess unique chemical properties and are involved in multiple cellular functions. Recent Advances: Electrophilic signaling is mainly regulated by endogenous electrophiles that are generated from reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide, and their derivatives during stress responses, as well as by exogenous electrophiles, including compounds in foods and environmental pollutants, such as methylmercury (MeHg). Among diverse electrophiles that are endogenously generated, 8-nitroguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-nitro-cGMP) possesses unique redox properties, of which the biosynthetic pathway, signaling mechanism, and metabolism in cells have been elucidated. Critical Issues: Persulfides, such as CysSSH, that are endogenously produced are critically involved in 8-nitro-cGMP metabolism. Exposure of neurons to the exogenous neurotoxicant, MeHg, causes severe neurodegeneration via disruption of persulfide-dependent 8-nitro-cGMP metabolism. Future Directions: Accumulating evidence indicates that persulfides are involved in various cellular functions under physiological and pathological conditions. These new aspects of redox biology related to persulfides may be frontiers of cell research, medical and clinical investigations of neurodegenerative diseases, as well as other fields. 8-Nitro-cGMP-mediated signaling and its persulfide-dependent metabolism in cells could, therefore, be potential targets for drug development, which may lead to the discovery of new therapeutic agents for many diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Kasamatsu
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
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21
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Yang CT, Devarie-Baez NO, Hamsath A, Fu XD, Xian M. S-Persulfidation: Chemistry, Chemical Biology, and Significance in Health and Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:1092-1114. [PMID: 31547682 PMCID: PMC7583347 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Significance: S-Persulfidation generates persulfide adducts (RSSH) on both small molecules and proteins. This process is believed to be critical in the regulation of biological functions of reactive sulfur species such as H2S, as well as in signal transduction. S-Persulfidation also plays regulatory roles in human health and diseases. Recent Advances: Some mechanisms underlying the generation of low-molecular-weight persulfides and protein S-persulfidation in living organisms have been uncovered. Some methods for the specific delivery of persulfides and the detection of persulfides in biological systems have been developed. These advances help to pave the road to better understand the functions of S-persulfidation. Critical Issues: Persulfides are highly reactive and unstable. Currently, their identification relies on trapping them by S-alkylation, but this is not always reliable due to rapid sulfur exchange reactions. Therefore, the presence, identity, and fates of persulfides in biological environments are sometimes difficult to track. Future Directions: Further understanding the fundamental chemistry/biochemistry of persulfides and development of more reliable detection methods are needed. S-Persulfidation in specific protein targets is essential in organismal physiological health and human disease states. Besides cardiovascular and neuronal systems, the roles of persulfidation in other systems need to be further explored. Contradictory results of persulfidation in biology, especially in cancer, need to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Tao Yang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Protein Modification and Degradation Key Lab of Guangzhou and Guangdong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Clinical Pharmacology in School of Pharmaceutics Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Nelmi O Devarie-Baez
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University-Tri Cities, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Akil Hamsath
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Xiao-Dong Fu
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Protein Modification and Degradation Key Lab of Guangzhou and Guangdong, Key Laboratory of Molecular Clinical Pharmacology in School of Pharmaceutics Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Xian
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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22
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Enzymatic Regulation and Biological Functions of Reactive Cysteine Persulfides and Polysulfides. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091245. [PMID: 32867265 PMCID: PMC7563103 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cysteine persulfide (CysSSH) and cysteine polysulfides (CysSSnH, n > 1) are cysteine derivatives that have sulfane sulfur atoms bound to cysteine thiol. Advances in analytical methods that detect and quantify persulfides and polysulfides have shown that CysSSH and related species such as glutathione persulfide occur physiologically and are prevalent in prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and mammals in vivo. The chemical properties and abundance of these compounds suggest a central role for reactive persulfides in cell-regulatory processes. CysSSH and related species have been suggested to act as powerful antioxidants and cellular protectants and may serve as redox signaling intermediates. It was recently shown that cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase (CARS) is a new cysteine persulfide synthase. In addition, we discovered that CARS is involved in protein polysulfidation that is coupled with translation. Mitochondrial activity in biogenesis and bioenergetics is supported and upregulated by CysSSH derived from mitochondrial CARS. In this review article, we discuss the mechanisms of the biosynthesis of CysSSH and related persulfide species, with a particular focus on the roles of CARS. We also review the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory actions of persulfides.
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Shinkai Y, Kumagai Y. Sulfane Sulfur in Toxicology: A Novel Defense System Against Electrophilic Stress. Toxicol Sci 2020; 170:3-9. [PMID: 30985901 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrophiles can undergo covalent modification of cellular proteins associated with its dysfunction, thereby exerting toxicity. Small nucleophilic molecules such as glutathione protect cells from electrophilic insult by binding covalently to electrophiles to form adducts that are excreted into the extracellular space. Recent studies indicate that sulfane sulfur, which is defined as a sulfur atom with 6 valence electrons and no charge, plays an essential role in protection against electrophile toxicity because sulfane sulfur can be highly nucleophilic compared to the corresponding thiol group. Advances in the development of assays to detect sulfane sulfur have revealed that sulfane sulfur-containing molecules such as persulfide/polysulfide species are ubiquitous in cells and tissues. Also, there is growing evidence that the binding of sulfane sulfur to electrophiles forms sulfur adducts as detoxified metabolites. Although the biosynthesis pathways of sulfane sulfur are known, its regulatory function in toxicology is still unclear. This review outlines the current knowledge of the synthesis, chemical properties, detection methods, interactions with electrophiles, and toxicological significance of sulfane sulfur, as well as suggesting directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Shinkai
- Environmental Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshito Kumagai
- Environmental Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan
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24
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Zhang T, Tsutsuki H, Ono K, Akaike T, Sawa T. Antioxidative and anti-inflammatory actions of reactive cysteine persulfides. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2020; 68:5-8. [PMID: 33536706 PMCID: PMC7844669 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.20-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteine persulfide (CysSSH) and polysulfides (CysS[S]nH, n>1) are cysteine derivatives having sulfane sulfur atoms bound to cysteine thiol. Recent advances in the development of analytical methods for detection and quantification of persulfides and polysulfides have revealed the biological presence, in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, of persulfide/polysulfide in diverse forms such as CysSSH, glutathione persulfide and protein persulfides. Accumulating evidence has suggested that persulfide/polysulfide species may involve in a variety of biological events such as biosyntheses of sulfur-containing molecules, tRNA modification, regulation of redox-dependent signal transduction, mitochondrial energy metabolism via sulfur respiration, cytoprotection from oxidative stress via their antioxidant activities, and anti-inflammation against Toll-like receptor-mediated inflammatory responses. Development of chemical sulfur donors may facilitate further understanding of physiological and pathophysiological roles of persulfide/polysulfide species, including regulatory roles of these species in immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianli Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Tsutsuki
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Katushiko Ono
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Sawa
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
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Tsutsuki H, Kasamatsu S, Kunieda K, Ida T, Sawa T, Sasakawa N, Akaike T, Ihara H. 8-Nitro-cGMP modulates exocytosis in adrenal chromaffin cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 526:225-230. [PMID: 32201073 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO)-mediated production of cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) is a crucial signaling pathway that controls a wide array of neuronal functions, including exocytotic neurotransmitter release. A novel nitrated derivative of cGMP, 8-nitro-cGMP, not only activates cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG), but also has membrane permeability and redox activity to produce superoxide and S-guanylated protein. To date, no studies have addressed the effects of 8-nitro-cGMP on exocytotic kinetics. Here, we aimed to assess the 8-nitro-cGMP-mediated modulation of the depolarization-evoked catecholamine release from bovine chromaffin cells. 8-Nitro-cGMP was produced in bovine chromaffin cells dependent on NO donor. Amperometric analysis revealed that 8-nitro-cGMP modulated the kinetic parameters of secretory spikes from chromaffin cells, particularly decreased the speed of individual spikes, resulting in a reduced amperometric spike height, slope β, and absolute value of slope γ. The modulatory effects were independent of the PKG signal and superoxide production. This is the first study to demonstrate that 8-nitro-cGMP modulates exocytosis and provide insights into a novel regulatory mechanism of exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Tsutsuki
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Shingo Kasamatsu
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Kohei Kunieda
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ida
- Departments of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Sawa
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Sasakawa
- Department of Information and Communication Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Tokyo, 102-8554, Japan
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Departments of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hideshi Ihara
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan.
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Nrf2 Activation and Its Coordination with the Protective Defense Systems in Response to Electrophilic Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020545. [PMID: 31952233 PMCID: PMC7013553 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular responses mediated by sensor proteins are important for biological defense against electrophilic stresses, such as xenobiotic electrophile exposure. NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has an essential function as a master regulator of such cytoprotective molecular responses along with sensor protein Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1. This review focuses on Nrf2 activation and its involvement with the protective defense systems under electrophilic stresses integrated with our recent findings that reactive sulfur species (RSS) mediate detoxification of electrophiles. The Nrf2 pathway does not function redundantly with the RSS-generating cystathionine γ-lyase pathway, and vice versa.
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Petřivalský M, Luhová L. Nitrated Nucleotides: New Players in Signaling Pathways of Reactive Nitrogen and Oxygen Species in Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:598. [PMID: 32508862 PMCID: PMC7248558 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nitration of diverse biomolecules, including proteins, lipids and nucleic acid, by reactive nitrogen species represents one of the key mechanisms mediating nitric oxide (NO) biological activity across all types of organisms. 8-nitroguanosine 3'5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-nitro-cGMP) has been described as a unique electrophilic intermediate involved in intracellular redox signaling. In animal cells, 8-nitro-cGMP is formed from guanosine-5'-triphosphate by a combined action of reactive nitrogen (RNS) and oxygen species (ROS) and guanylate cyclase. As demonstrated originally in animal models, 8-nitro-cGMP shows certain biological activities closely resembling its analog cGMP; however, its regulatory functions are mediated mainly by its electrophilic properties and chemical interactions with protein thiols resulting in a novel protein post-translational modification termed S-guanylation. In Arabidopsis thaliana, 8-nitro-cGMP was reported to mediate NO-dependent signaling pathways controlling abscisic acid (ABA)-induced stomatal closure, however, its derivative 8-mercapto-cGMP (8-SH-cGMP) was later shown as the active component of hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-mediated guard cell signaling. Here we present a survey of current knowledge on biosynthesis, metabolism and biological activities of nitrated nucleotides with special attention to described and proposed functions of 8-nitro-cGMP and its metabolites in plant physiology and stress responses.
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d-Cysteine-Induced Rapid Root Abscission in the Water Fern Azolla Pinnata: Implications for the Linkage between d-Amino Acid and Reactive Sulfur Species (RSS) in Plant Environmental Responses. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8090411. [PMID: 31540452 PMCID: PMC6770369 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS) have been proposed as universal signaling molecules in plant stress responses. There are a growing number of studies suggesting that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) or Reactive Sulfur Species (RSS) are also involved in plant abiotic as well as biotic stress responses. However, it is still a matter of debate as to how plants utilize those RSS in their signaling cascades. Here, we demonstrate that d-cysteine is a novel candidate for bridging our gap in understanding. In the genus of the tiny water-floating fern Azolla, a rapid root abscission occurs in response to a wide variety of environmental stimuli as well as chemical inducers. We tested five H2S chemical donors, Na2S, GYY4137, 5a, 8l, and 8o, and found that 5a showed a significant abscission activity. Root abscission also occurred with the polysulfides Na2S2, Na2S3, and Na2S4. Rapid root abscission comparable to other known chemical inducers was observed in the presence of d-cysteine, whereas l-cysteine showed no effect. We suggest that d-cysteine is a physiologically relevant substrate to induce root abscission in the water fern Azolla.
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29
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Neill DL, Chang YC, Chen W, Li L, Xian M. A smartphone based device for the detection of sulfane sulfurs in biological systems. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2019; 292:263-269. [PMID: 31303694 PMCID: PMC6625781 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2019.04.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Sulfane sulfur species are newly recognized signaling molecules that play physiological roles in many biological events. The development of new technologies for the detection of sulfane sulfurs is important. Point-of-care (POC) devices are in-field rapid and low-cost detectors that are more convenient to use than bulky and expensive standard instruments. In this report, a new fluorescent probe (SSP5) was designed to detect sulfane sulfurs using a POC sulfane sulfur smartphone spectrum apparatus (S4A). This probe proved to be sensitive and selective for sulfane sulfur species over other biologically relevant sulfur species such as cysteine and H2S. The low-cost and compact S4A has achieved comparable performance to standard laboratory equipment in both a standard buffer system and a synthetic urine system. The proposed system (SSP5 + S4A) has the potential for high accuracy and rapid detection of sulfane sulfur species in remote and low resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deshka L. Neill
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Yu-Chung Chang
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Lei Li
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Ming Xian
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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30
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Kishimoto Y, Akaike T, Ihara H. SNAP-25 S-Guanylation and SNARE Complex Formation. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1860:163-173. [PMID: 30317503 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8760-3_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
8-Nitroguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-nitro-cGMP), which is the second messenger in nitric oxide/reactive oxygen species redox signaling, covalently binds to protein thiol groups (called S-guanylation) and exerts various biological functions. Synaptosomal associated protein 25 (SNAP-25), a member of soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins, plays an important role in the process of membrane fusion. We previously showed that SNAP-25 is S-guanylated at cysteine 90. In addition, we revealed that S-guanylation of SNAP-25 increases SNARE complex formation, but decreases the affinity of SNARE complex for complexin. Since SNAP-25 plays a critical role in regulating exocytosis, it is important to elucidate the physiological or pathophysiological meanings of S-guanylation of this protein. Here we describe a protocol for detecting 8-nitro-cGMP and S-guanylated proteins in cells by immunocytochemistry, and methods to detect SNARE complex in 8-nitro-cGMP-treated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kishimoto
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hideshi Ihara
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan.
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31
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Kishimoto Y, Kasamatsu S, Yanai S, Endo S, Akaike T, Ihara H. 8-Nitro-cGMP attenuates context-dependent fear memory in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 511:141-147. [PMID: 30773263 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.01.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that 8-nitroguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-nitro-cGMP) is endogenously produced via nitric oxide/reactive oxygen species signaling pathways and it reacts with protein thiol residues to add cGMP structure to proteins through S-guanylation. S-Guanylation occurs on synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25), which is a part of the soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complex that regulates exocytosis. However, the biological relevance of 8-nitro-cGMP in the nervous system remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of intracerebroventricular (icv) infusion of 8-nitro-cGMP on mouse brain functions. The results of an open-field test and fear-conditioning task revealed that icv infusion of 8-nitro-cGMP decreased the vertical activity and context-dependent fear memory of mice, which are both associated with the hippocampus. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed increased c-Fos-positive cells in the dentate gyrus in 8-nitro-cGMP-infused mice. Further, biochemical analyses showed that icv infusion of 8-nitro-cGMP increased S-guanylated proteins including SNAP-25 and SNARE complex formation as well as decreased complexes containing complexin, which regulates exocytosis by binding to the SNARE complex, in the hippocampus. These findings suggest that accumulation of 8-nitro-cGMP in the hippocampus affects its functions, including memory, via S-guanylation of hippocampal proteins such as SNAP-25.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kishimoto
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Shingo Kasamatsu
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Shuichi Yanai
- Aging Neuroscience Research Team, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Shogo Endo
- Aging Neuroscience Research Team, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hideshi Ihara
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
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Hamid HA, Tanaka A, Ida T, Nishimura A, Matsunaga T, Fujii S, Morita M, Sawa T, Fukuto JM, Nagy P, Tsutsumi R, Motohashi H, Ihara H, Akaike T. Polysulfide stabilization by tyrosine and hydroxyphenyl-containing derivatives that is important for a reactive sulfur metabolomics analysis. Redox Biol 2019; 21:101096. [PMID: 30634125 PMCID: PMC6327103 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The physiological importance of reactive sulfur species (RSS) such as cysteine hydropersulfide (CysSSH) has been increasingly recognized in recent years. We have established a reactive sulfur metabolomics analysis by using RSS metabolic profiling, which revealed appreciable amounts of RSS generated endogenously and ubiquitously in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. The chemical nature of these polysulfides is not fully understood, however, because of their reactive or complicated redox-active properties. In our study here, we determined that tyrosine and a hydroxyphenyl-containing derivative, β-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl iodoacetamide (HPE-IAM), had potent stabilizing effects on diverse polysulfide residues formed in CysSSH-related low-molecular-weight species, e.g., glutathione polysulfides (oxidized glutathione trisulfide and oxidized glutathione tetrasulfide). The protective effect against degradation was likely caused by the inhibitory activity of hydroxyphenyl residues of tyrosine and HPE-IAM against alkaline hydrolysis of polysulfides. This hydrolysis occurred via heterolytic scission triggered by the hydroxyl anion acting on polysulfides that are cleaved into thiolates and sulfenic acids, with the hydrolysis being enhanced by alkylating reagents (e.g. IAM) and dimedone. Moreover, tyrosine prevented electrophilic degradation occurring in alkaline pH. The polysulfide stabilization induced by tyrosine or the hydroxyphenyl moiety of HPE-IAM will greatly improve our understanding of the chemical properties of polysulfides and may benefit the sulfur metabolomics analysis if it can be applied successfully to any kind of biological samples, including clinical specimens. Polysulfides undergo hydrolysis under alkaline pH conditions. Alkylating reagents and dimedone enhance polysulfide decomposition. Tyr and hydroxyphenyl derivatives inhibit alkaline-induced polysulfide hydrolysis. Tyr protects polysulfides from electrophile- and dimedone-enhanced hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisyam Abdul Hamid
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Akira Tanaka
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ida
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Akira Nishimura
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Matsunaga
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Shigemoto Fujii
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Masanobu Morita
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Sawa
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Jon M Fukuto
- Department of Chemistry, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA 94928, USA
| | - Péter Nagy
- Department of Molecular Immunology and Toxicology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest 1122, Hungary
| | - Ryouhei Tsutsumi
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hozumi Motohashi
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hideshi Ihara
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai 599-8531, Japan
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
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Fujii S, Sawa T, Motohashi H, Akaike T. Persulfide synthases that are functionally coupled with translation mediate sulfur respiration in mammalian cells. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 176:607-615. [PMID: 29748969 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteine persulfide and polysulfide are produced in cells and exist in abundance in both low MW and protein fractions. However, the mechanism of regulation of the formation of cellular cysteine polysulfides and the physiological functions of cysteine persulfides/polysulfides produced in cells are not fully understood. We recently demonstrated that cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase (CARS) is a novel cysteine persulfide synthase. CARS is involved in protein polysulfidation that is coupled with translation. In particular, mitochondria function in biogenesis and bioenergetics is also supported and up-regulated by cysteine persulfide derived from mitochondrial CARS (also known as CARS2). Here, we provide an overview of recent advances in reactive persulfide research and our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the formation and the physiological roles of reactive persufides, with a primary focus on the formation of cysteine persulfide by CARS and the most fundamental mitochondrial bioenergetics mediated by persulfides, that is, sulfur respiration. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Chemical Biology of Reactive Sulfur Species. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.4/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigemoto Fujii
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Sawa
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hozumi Motohashi
- Department of Gene Expression Regulation, IDAC, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Kishimoto Y, Kunieda K, Kitamura A, Kakihana Y, Akaike T, Ihara H. 8-Nitro-cGMP Attenuates the Interaction between SNARE Complex and Complexin through S-Guanylation of SNAP-25. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:217-223. [PMID: 29110463 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
8-Nitroguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-nitro-cGMP) is the second messenger in nitric oxide/reactive oxygen species redox signaling. This molecule covalently binds to protein thiol groups, called S-guanylation, and exerts various biological functions. Recently, we have identified synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25) as a target of S-guanylation, and demonstrated that S-guanylation of SNAP25 enhanced SNARE complex formation. In this study, we have examined the effects of S-guanylation of SNAP-25 on the interaction between the SNARE complex and complexin (cplx), which binds to the SNARE complex with a high affinity. Pull-down assays and coimmunoprecipitation experiments have revealed that S-guanylation of Cys90 in SNAP-25 attenuates the interaction between the SNARE complex and cplx. In addition, blue native-PAGE followed by Western blot analysis revealed that the amount of cplx detected at a high molecular weight decreased upon 8-nitro-cGMP treatment in SH-SY5Y cells. These results demonstrated for the first time that S-guanylation of SNAP-25 attenuates the interaction between the SNARE complex and cplx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kishimoto
- Department
of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Kohei Kunieda
- Department
of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
- Department
of Protein Factory, Translational Research Center, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kitamura
- Department
of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Yuki Kakihana
- Department
of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Department
of Environmental Health Science and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hideshi Ihara
- Department
of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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Reactive Cysteine Persulphides: Occurrence, Biosynthesis, Antioxidant Activity, Methodologies, and Bacterial Persulphide Signalling. Adv Microb Physiol 2018; 72:1-28. [PMID: 29778212 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine hydropersulphide (CysSSH) is a cysteine derivative having one additional sulphur atom bound to a cysteinyl thiol group. Recent advances in the development of analytical methods for detection and quantification of persulphides and polysulphides have revealed the biological presence, in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, of hydropersulphides in diverse forms such as CysSSH, homocysteine hydropersulphide, glutathione hydropersulphide, bacillithiol hydropersulphide, coenzyme A hydropersulphide, and protein hydropersulphides. Owing to the chemical reactivity of the persulphide moiety, biological systems utilize persulphides as important intermediates in the synthesis of various sulphur-containing biomolecules. Accumulating evidence has revealed another important feature of persulphides: their potent reducing activity, which implies that they are implicated in the regulation of redox signalling and antioxidant functions. In this chapter, we discuss the biological occurrence and possible biosynthetic mechanisms of CysSSH and related persulphides, and we include descriptions of recent advances in the analytical methods that have been used to detect and quantitate persulphide species. We also discuss the antioxidant activity of persulphide species that contributes to protecting cells from reactive oxygen species-associated damage, and we examine the signalling roles of CysSSH in bacteria.
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Masuda K, Tsutsuki H, Kasamatsu S, Ida T, Takata T, Sugiura K, Nishida M, Watanabe Y, Sawa T, Akaike T, Ihara H. Involvement of nitric oxide/reactive oxygen species signaling via 8-nitro-cGMP formation in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells and rat cerebellar granule neurons. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 495:2165-2170. [PMID: 29258821 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.12.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the role of nitric oxide (NO)/reactive oxygen species (ROS) redox signaling in Parkinson's disease-like neurotoxicity, we used 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) treatment (a model of Parkinson's disease). We show that MPP+-induced neurotoxicity was dependent on ROS from neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) in nNOS-expressing PC12 cells (NPC12 cells) and rat cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs). Following MPP+ treatment, we found production of 8-nitroguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-nitro-cGMP), a second messenger in the NO/ROS redox signaling pathway, in NPC12 cells and rat CGNs, that subsequently induced S-guanylation and activation of H-Ras. Additionally, following MPP+ treatment, extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) phosphorylation was enhanced. Treatment with a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/ERK kinase (MEK) inhibitor attenuated MPP+-induced ERK phosphorylation and neurotoxicity. In conclusion, we demonstrate for the first time that NO/ROS redox signaling via 8-nitro-cGMP is involved in MPP+-induced neurotoxicity and that 8-nitro-cGMP activates H-Ras/ERK signaling. Our results indicate a novel mechanism underlying MPP+-induced neurotoxicity, and therefore contribute novel insights to the mechanisms underlying Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Masuda
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan; Project Management Department, SHIONOGI & CO., LTD., Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Tsutsuki
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shingo Kasamatsu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ida
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Takata
- Department of Pharmacology, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kikuya Sugiura
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Motohiro Nishida
- Division of Cardiocirculatory Signaling, National Institute for Physiological Sciences (Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasuo Watanabe
- Department of Pharmacology, Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Sawa
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takaaki Akaike
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Molecular Toxicology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hideshi Ihara
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan.
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