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Wei R, Zhang Y, Yu J, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Gao T, Yu Y, Zhao J, Liu W. Enhanced Critical Current Density in the Garnet Oxide Electrolyte by a Silver Interlayer. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 39360689 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c08818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Ta-doped Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO) for solid-state lithium batteries demonstrates encouraging performance; however, they encounter issues with lithium dendrite formation that impede their widespread use. Herein, we design a LLZTO ceramic with an interlayer containing a mixed dense layer of Ag and LLZTO, prepared by one-step sintering. The Ag-rich interlayer in LLZTO can hinder the growth and the penetration of lithium dendrites though the reaction between Ag and lithium metal. Compared with the Ag-free counterpart, a higher critical current density of 0.6 mA cm-2, in addition to a longer life span under a current density of 0.2 mA cm-2, is achieved by adopting the interlayer in LLZTO. This research offers novel insights into the engineering of garnet-based solid electrolytes, tailored for the advancement of high-rate lithium metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wei
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jiameng Yu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xinshui Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yining Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Tianyi Gao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yi Yu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of High-resolution Electron Microscopy, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry, Ministry of Education (Nankai University), Tianjin 300071, China
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2
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Merola L, Singh VK, Palmer M, Eckhardt JK, Benz SL, Fuchs T, Nazar LF, Sakamoto J, Richter FH, Janek J. Evaluation of Oxide|Sulfide Heteroionic Interface Stability for Developing Solid-State Batteries with a Lithium-Metal Electrode: The Case of LLZO|Li 6PS 5Cl and LLZO|Li 7P 3S 11. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 39316658 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c11597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Developing solid-state batteries (SSB) with a lithium metal electrode (LME) using only one type of solid electrolyte (SE) is a significant challenge since no SE fits all the requirements imposed by both electrodes. A possible solution is using multilayer SSBs with an LME where the drawbacks of each SE are overcome by using layers of different SEs. However, research on inorganic SE1|SE2 heteroionic interfaces is still quite preliminary, especially regarding oxide|sulfide heteroionic interfaces. This work reports the electrochemical investigation of the heteroionic interface between Li6.25Al0.25La3Zr2O12 (Al-LLZO) and two representative materials for sulfide-based SEs: argyrodite-based Li6PS5Cl (LPSCl) and glass-like Li7P3S11 (LPS711). Through in-depth temperature- and pressure-dependent impedance analyses of multilayer symmetric cells at equilibrium (i.e., no current load), the electrical properties of the heteroionic interfaces are assessed. The pressure-dependent kinetic of the Al-LLZO|LPSCl pair is interpreted with the concept of geometric constriction resistance and show that its resistance is lower than for the Al-LLZO|LPS711 pair. Furthermore, the effect of Al-LLZO surface treatment on the electrical properties of the Al-LLZO|LPSCl heteroionic interface is evaluated. Such investigation shows that the value of the interface activation energy decreases when the Al-LLZO surface is heat treated, revealing a significant influence of the carbonate/hydroxide passivation layer on the heteroionic interface. Additionally, by cycling the symmetric cell for 900 h at 1.0 mAh·cm-2, it is revealed that the Al-LLZO|LPSCl interface has a lower impedance increase than the Al-LLZO|LPS711 interface, especially if the Al-LLZO is heat treated. With this work, we highlight that the oxide|argyrodite combination can be a promising candidate for multilayer SSBs with an LME. However, we show that an optimized LLZO surface treatment and chemical analysis of the interface are recommended for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Merola
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Materials Research (ZfM), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, Giessen D-35392, Germany
| | - Vipin K Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Max Palmer
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Janis K Eckhardt
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Materials Research (ZfM), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, Giessen D-35392, Germany
| | - Sebastian L Benz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Materials Research (ZfM), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, Giessen D-35392, Germany
| | - Till Fuchs
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Materials Research (ZfM), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, Giessen D-35392, Germany
| | - Linda F Nazar
- Department of Chemistry and Waterloo Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Jeff Sakamoto
- Materials Department & Department of Mechanical Engineering, 1355 University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106-5050, United States
| | - Felix H Richter
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Materials Research (ZfM), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, Giessen D-35392, Germany
| | - Jürgen Janek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Materials Research (ZfM), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, Giessen D-35392, Germany
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3
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Fuchs T, Ortmann T, Becker J, Haslam CG, Ziegler M, Singh VK, Rohnke M, Mogwitz B, Peppler K, Nazar LF, Sakamoto J, Janek J. Imaging the microstructure of lithium and sodium metal in anode-free solid-state batteries using electron backscatter diffraction. NATURE MATERIALS 2024:10.1038/s41563-024-02006-8. [PMID: 39313556 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-02006-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
'Anode-free' or, more fittingly, metal reservoir-free cells could drastically improve current solid-state battery technology by achieving higher energy density, improving safety and simplifying manufacturing. Various strategies have been reported so far to control the morphology of electrodeposited alkali metal films to be homogeneous and dense, but until now, the microstructure of electrodeposited alkali metal is unknown, and a suitable characterization route is yet to be identified. Here we establish a reproducible protocol for characterizing the size and orientation of metal grains in differently processed lithium and sodium samples by a combination of focused ion beam and electron backscatter diffraction. Electrodeposited films at Cu|Li6.5Ta0.5La3Zr1.5O12, steel|Li6PS5Cl and Al|Na3.4Zr2Si2.4P0.6O12 interfaces were characterized. The analyses show large grain sizes (>100 µm) within these films and a preferential orientation of grain boundaries. Furthermore, metal growth and dissolution were investigated using in situ electron backscatter diffraction, showing a dynamic grain coarsening during electrodeposition and pore formation within grains during dissolution. Our methodology and results deepen the research field for the improvement of solid-state battery performance through a characterization of the alkali metal microstructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Fuchs
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Materials Research, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Till Ortmann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Materials Research, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Juri Becker
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Materials Research, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Catherine G Haslam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Maya Ziegler
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Materials Research, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Vipin Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry and the Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marcus Rohnke
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Materials Research, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Boris Mogwitz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Materials Research, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Klaus Peppler
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Materials Research, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Linda F Nazar
- Department of Chemistry and the Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeff Sakamoto
- Materials Department, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Jürgen Janek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Materials Research, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
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4
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Long K, Liu X, Yang J, Wang H, Wang A, Chen Y, Mei L, Zhang Y, Wu Z, Wang W, Jin Z, Chen L. Homogeneously Planar-Exposure LiB Fiber Skeleton Toward Long-Lifespan Practical Li Metal Pouch Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2311193. [PMID: 38739093 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
LiB alloy is promising lithium (Li) metal anode material because the continuous internal LiB fiber skeleton can effectively suppress Li dendrites and structural pulverization. However, the unvalued surface states limit the practical application of LiB alloy anodes. Herein, the study examined the influence of the different exposure manners of the internal LiB fiber skeleton owing to the various surface states of the LiB alloy anode on electrochemical performance and targetedly proposed a scalable friction coating strategy to construct a lithiated fumed silica (LFS) functional layer with abundant electrochemically active sites on the surface of the LiB alloy anode. The LFS significantly suppresses the inhomogeneous interfacial electrochemical behavior of the LiB alloy anode and enables the exposure of the internal LiB fiber skeleton in a homogeneously planar manner (LFS-LiB). Thus, a 0.5 Ah LFS-LiB||LiCoO2 (LCO) pouch cell exhibits a discharge capacity retention rate of 80% after 388 cycles. Moreover, a 6.15 Ah LFS-LiB||S pouch cell with 409.3 Wh kg-1 exhibits a discharge capacity retention rate of 80% after 30 cycles. In conclusion, the study findings provide a new research perspective for Li alloy anodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kecheng Long
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
- Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xinsheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Jixu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Han Wang
- Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Anbang Wang
- Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yuejiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Lin Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhibin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Weikun Wang
- Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Zhaoqing Jin
- Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Libao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
- National Energy Metal Resources and New Materials Key Laboratory, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
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5
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Kremer S, Rekers R, Sigar U, Becker J, Schubert J, Eckhardt JK, Bielefeld A, Richter FH, Janek J. A Simple Method for the Study of Heteroionic Interface Impedances in Solid Electrolyte Multilayer Cells Containing LLZO. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:44236-44248. [PMID: 39121451 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c07845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2024]
Abstract
Hybrid battery cells that combine a garnet-type Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) solid electrolyte with other solid, polymer or liquid electrolytes are increasingly investigated. In such cells with layered electrolytes, ensuring a low-resistive heteroionic interface between neighboring electrolytes is crucial for preventing major additional overpotentials during operation. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy is frequently used to extract such parameters, usually on multilayer symmetrical model cells that contain the different electrolytes stacked in series. Unfortunately, the impedance contributions of the heteroionic interfaces often overlap with those of the electrolyte|electrode interfaces, necessitating the use of sophisticated four-point cells that probe the electrochemical potential away from the polarization source. In this work, an alternative solution to this problem is demonstrated by taking advantage of the inherent fast charge transfer kinetics of LLZO with its parent metal electrode. The "resistance-free" nature of a reversible Li|LLZO interface enables a precise evaluation of the heteroionic interface impedance in symmetric two-point cells of the type Li|LLZO|electrolyte|LLZO|Li with negligible electrode contribution. This is exemplified for symmetric multilayer cells containing tantalum-doped LLZO and a poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based dry polymer electrolyte. Validation and comparison of impedance data with results from symmetric four-point cells and two-point cells with ion-blocking electrodes demonstrate the advantage of the proposed method. Overall, this study presents a simple and reliable method for studying heteroionic interface impedances in LLZO-containing multilayer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Kremer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, Giessen D-35392, Germany
- Center for Materials Research (ZfM), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, Giessen D-35392, Germany
| | - René Rekers
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, Giessen D-35392, Germany
- Center for Materials Research (ZfM), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, Giessen D-35392, Germany
| | - Ujjawal Sigar
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, Giessen D-35392, Germany
- Center for Materials Research (ZfM), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, Giessen D-35392, Germany
| | - Juri Becker
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, Giessen D-35392, Germany
- Center for Materials Research (ZfM), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, Giessen D-35392, Germany
| | - Johannes Schubert
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, Giessen D-35392, Germany
- Center for Materials Research (ZfM), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, Giessen D-35392, Germany
| | - Janis K Eckhardt
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, Giessen D-35392, Germany
- Center for Materials Research (ZfM), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, Giessen D-35392, Germany
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, Giessen D-35392, Germany
| | - Anja Bielefeld
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, Giessen D-35392, Germany
- Center for Materials Research (ZfM), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, Giessen D-35392, Germany
| | - Felix H Richter
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, Giessen D-35392, Germany
- Center for Materials Research (ZfM), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, Giessen D-35392, Germany
| | - Jürgen Janek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, Giessen D-35392, Germany
- Center for Materials Research (ZfM), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, Giessen D-35392, Germany
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6
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Behara S, Thomas J, Van der Ven A. Fundamental Thermodynamic, Kinetic, and Mechanical Properties of Lithium and Its Alloys. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2024; 36:7370-7387. [PMID: 39156718 PMCID: PMC11325559 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.4c01279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Lithium alloying reactions are beneficial in promoting uniform plating and stripping of lithium metal in all-solid-state batteries. First-principles calculations are performed to predict thermodynamic, kinetic, and mechanical properties of lithium and several important Li-M alloys (M = Mg, Ag, Zn, Al, Ga, In, Sn, Sb, and Bi). While the Li-Mg binary system forms a solid solution, most other lithium-metal alloys prefer stoichiometric intermetallic compounds with common local motifs that enable fast Li diffusion. Lithium and Li-rich alloys exhibit an unusually flat energy landscape along paths that connect BCC to close-packed structures like FCC and HCP, with important implications for mechanical properties. Very low migration barriers for Li diffusion that rival those of superion conductors are predicted, both in pure Li and in Li-M intermetallics. However, vacancy concentration, which is crucial for substitutional diffusion, is predicted to be low in metallic Li and most Li-M intermetallics. Compounds such as B32 LiAl and LiGa as well as D03 Li3Sb and Li3Bi exhibit structural vacancies at higher ends of their voltage windows, which together with low migration barriers leads to exceptionally high Li mobilities. In the Li-Mg solid solution, the addition of Mg is found to decrease the vacancy tracer diffusion coefficient by an order of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sesha
Sai Behara
- Materials
Department, University of California Santa
Barbara, Santa
Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Jeremiah Thomas
- Materials
Department, University of California Santa
Barbara, Santa
Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Anton Van der Ven
- Materials
Department, University of California Santa
Barbara, Santa
Barbara, California 93106, United States
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7
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Ye L, Wang D, Lu Q, Jhang LJ, Kou R, Pandey AK, Lira J, Liao M, Wang D. All-Solid-State Lithium-Sulfur Batteries of High Cycling Stability and Rate Capability Enabled by a Self-Lithiated Sn-C Interlayer. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2407724. [PMID: 39097943 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202407724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
All-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries (ASSLSBs) have attracted intense interest due to their high theoretical energy density and intrinsic safety. However, constructing durable lithium (Li) metal anodes with high cycling efficiency in ASSLSBs remains challenging due to poor interface stability. Here, a compositionally stable, self-lithiated tin (Sn)-carbon (C) composite interlayer (LSCI) between Li anode and solid-state electrolyte (SSE), capable of homogenizing Li-ion transport across the interlayer, mitigating decomposition of SSE, and enhancing electrochemical/structural stability of interface, is developed for ASSLSBs. The LSCI-mediated Li metal anode enables stable Li plating/stripping over 7000 h without Li dendrite penetration. The ASSLSBs equipped with LSCI thus exhibit excellent cycling stability of over 300 cycles (capacity retention of ≈80%) under low applied pressure (<8 MPa) and demonstrate improved rate capability even at 3C. The enhanced electrochemical performance and corresponding insights of the designed LSCI broaden the spectrum of advanced interlayers for interface manipulation, advancing the practical application of ASSLSBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ye
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Daiwei Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Qian Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Li-Ji Jhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Rong Kou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Alok Kumar Pandey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Jasiel Lira
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Meng Liao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Donghai Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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8
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Duan S, Qian L, Zheng Y, Zhu Y, Liu X, Dong L, Yan W, Zhang J. Mechanisms of the Accelerated Li + Conduction in MOF-Based Solid-State Polymer Electrolytes for All-Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2314120. [PMID: 38578406 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202314120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) for lithium metal batteries have garnered considerable interests owing to their low cost, flexibility, lightweight, and favorable interfacial compatibility with battery electrodes. Their soft mechanical nature compared to solid inorganic electrolytes give them a large advantage to be used in low pressure solid-state lithium metal batteries, which can avoid the cost and weight of the pressure cages. However, the application of SPEs is hindered by their relatively low ionic conductivity. In addressing this limitation, enormous efforts are devoted to the experimental investigation and theoretical calculations/simulation of new polymer classes. Recently, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been shown to be effective in enhancing ion transport in SPEs. However, the mechanisms in enhancing Li+ conductivity have rarely been systematically and comprehensively analyzed. Therefore, this review provides an in-depth summary of the mechanisms of MOF-enhanced Li+ transport in MOF-based solid polymer electrolytes (MSPEs) in terms of polymer, MOF, MOF/polymer interface, and solid electrolyte interface aspects, respectively. Moreover, the understanding of Li+ conduction mechanisms through employing advanced characterization tools, theoretical calculations, and simulations are also reviewed in this review. Finally, the main challenges in developing MSPEs are deeply analyzed and the corresponding future research directions are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Duan
- Institute of New Energy Materials and Engineering/School of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Lanting Qian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Yun Zheng
- Institute of New Energy Materials and Engineering/School of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Yanfei Zhu
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Institute of New Energy Materials and Engineering/School of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Li Dong
- Zhaoqing Leoch Battery Technology Co., Ltd, Zhaoqing City, 526000, P. R. China
| | - Wei Yan
- Institute of New Energy Materials and Engineering/School of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
| | - Jiujun Zhang
- Institute of New Energy Materials and Engineering/School of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, P. R. China
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9
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Jin E, Su J, Hou H, Pirayesh P, Wang Y, Yuan Y, Yan H, Popov G, Goncharova LV, Ketabi S, Dai F, Cao C, Chen L, Zhao Y. Electro-Chemo-Mechanically Stable and Sodiophilic Interface for Na Metal Anode in Liquid-based and Solid-State Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2406837. [PMID: 38923606 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202406837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Na metal batteries (NMBs) are attracting increasing attention because of their high energy density. However, the widespread application of NMBs is hindered by the growth of Na dendrites and interface instability. The design of artificial solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) with tuned chemical/electrochemical/mechanical properties is the key to achieving high-performance NMBs. This work develops a metal-doped nanoscale polymeric film with tunable composition, sodiophilic sites and improved stiffness. The incorporation of metal crosslinkers in the polymer chains results in exceptional electrochemical stability for Na metal anodes, leading to a significantly prolonged lifespan even at high current densities, which is at the top of the reported literature. The mechanical properties measurements and electro-chemo-mechanical phase-field model are performed to interpret the impact of the ionic transportation capability (decoupled mechanical) and mechanic property in the metal-doped polymer interface. In addition, this approach provides a promising strategy for the rational design of electrode interfaces, providing enhanced mechanical stability and improved sodiophilicity, which can open up opportunities for the fabrication of next-generation energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enzhong Jin
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Jinrong Su
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, MI, 48128, USA
| | - Hongyu Hou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0C3, Canada
| | - Parham Pirayesh
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Yijia Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Yi Yuan
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Hanghang Yan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, MI, 48128, USA
| | - Guerman Popov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Lyudmila V Goncharova
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Sanaz Ketabi
- General Motors Research and Development Center, 30470 Harley Earl Boulevard, Warren, Michigan, 48092, USA
| | - Fang Dai
- General Motors Research and Development Center, 30470 Harley Earl Boulevard, Warren, Michigan, 48092, USA
| | - Changhong Cao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0C3, Canada
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, MI, 48128, USA
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada
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10
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Yoon SG, Vishnugopi BS, Alsaç EP, Jeong WJ, Sandoval SE, Nelson DL, Ayyaswamy A, Mukherjee PP, McDowell MT. Synergistic Evolution of Alloy Nanoparticles and Carbon in Solid-State Lithium Metal Anode Composites at Low Stack Pressure. ACS NANO 2024; 18:20792-20805. [PMID: 39074070 PMCID: PMC11308923 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c07687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Solid-state batteries with Li metal anodes can offer increased energy density compared to Li-ion batteries. However, the performance of pure Li anodes has been limited by morphological instabilities at the interface between Li and the solid-state electrolyte (SSE). Composites of Li metal with other materials such as carbon and Li alloys have exhibited improved cycling stability, but the mechanisms associated with this enhanced performance are not clear, especially at the low stack pressures needed for practical viability. Here, we investigate the structural evolution and correlated electrochemical behavior of Li metal composites containing reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and Li-Ag alloy particles. The nanoscale carbon scaffold maintains homogeneous contact with the SSE during stripping and facilitates Li transport to the interface; these effects largely prevent interfacial disconnection even at low stack pressure. The Li-Ag is needed to ensure cyclic refilling of the rGO scaffold with Li during plating, and the solid-solution character of Li-Ag improves cycling stability compared to other materials that form intermetallic compounds. Full cells with sulfur cathodes were tested at relatively low stack pressure, achieving 100 stable cycles with 79% capacity retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Geun Yoon
- George
W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Bairav S. Vishnugopi
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Elif Pınar Alsaç
- George
W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Won Joon Jeong
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Stephanie Elizabeth Sandoval
- George
W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Douglas Lars Nelson
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Abhinand Ayyaswamy
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Partha P. Mukherjee
- School
of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Matthew T. McDowell
- George
W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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11
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Babar M, Viswanathan V. Modeling Scanning Electrochemical Cell Microscopy (SECCM) in Twisted Bilayer Graphene. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:7371-7378. [PMID: 38995158 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Twisted 2D-flat band materials host exotic quantum phenomena and novel moiré patterns, showing immense promise for advanced spintronic and quantum applications. Here, we evaluate the nanostructure-activity relationship in twisted bilayer graphene by modeling it under the scanning electrochemical cell microscopy setup to resolve its spatial moiré domains. We solve the steady state ion transport inside a 3D nanopipette to isolate the current response at AA and AB domains. Interfacial reaction rates are obtained from a modified Marcus-Hush-Chidsey theory combining input from a tight binding model that describes the electronic structure of bilayer graphene. High rates of redox exchange are observed at the AA domains, an effect that reduces with diminished flat bands or a larger cross-sectional area of the nanopipette. Using voltammograms, we identify an optimal voltage that maximizes the current difference between the domains. Our study lays down the framework to electrochemically capture prominent features of the band structure that arise from spatial domains and deformations in 2D flat-band materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Babar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Venkatasubramanian Viswanathan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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12
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Stakem KG, Leslie FJ, Gregory GL. Polymer design for solid-state batteries and wearable electronics. Chem Sci 2024; 15:10281-10307. [PMID: 38994435 PMCID: PMC11234879 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02501f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Solid-state batteries are increasingly centre-stage for delivering more energy-dense, safer batteries to follow current lithium-ion rechargeable technologies. At the same time, wearable electronics powered by flexible batteries have experienced rapid technological growth. This perspective discusses the role that polymer design plays in their use as solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) and as binders, coatings and interlayers to address issues in solid-state batteries with inorganic solid electrolytes (ISEs). We also consider the value of tunable polymer flexibility, added capacity, skin compatibility and end-of-use degradability of polymeric materials in wearable technologies such as smartwatches and health monitoring devices. While many years have been spent on SPE development for batteries, delivering competitive performances to liquid and ISEs requires a deeper understanding of the fundamentals of ion transport in solid polymers. Advanced polymer design, including controlled (de)polymerisation strategies, precision dynamic chemistry and digital learning tools, might help identify these missing fundamental gaps towards faster, more selective ion transport. Regardless of the intended use as an electrolyte, composite electrode binder or bulk component in flexible electrodes, many parallels can be drawn between the various intrinsic polymer properties. These include mechanical performances, namely elasticity and flexibility; electrochemical stability, particularly against higher-voltage electrode materials; durable adhesive/cohesive properties; ionic and/or electronic conductivity; and ultimately, processability and fabrication into the battery. With this, we assess the latest developments, providing our views on the prospects of polymers in batteries and wearables, the challenges they might address, and emerging polymer chemistries that are still relatively under-utilised in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran G Stakem
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Freddie J Leslie
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Georgina L Gregory
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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13
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Ma B, Li R, Zhu H, Zhou T, Lv L, Zhang H, Zhang S, Chen L, Wang J, Xiao X, Deng T, Chen L, Wang C, Fan X. Stable Oxyhalide-Nitride Fast Ionic Conductors for All-Solid-State Li Metal Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2402324. [PMID: 38696823 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Rechargeable all-solid-state lithium metal batteries (ASSLMBs) utilizing inorganic solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) are promising for electric vehicles and large-scale grid energy storage. However, the Li dendrite growth in SSEs still constrains the practical utility of ASSLMBs. To achieve a high dendrite-suppression capability, SSEs must be chemically stable with Li, possess fast Li transfer kinetics, and exhibit high interface energy. Herein, a class of low-cost, eco-friendly, and sustainable oxyhalide-nitride solid electrolytes (ONSEs), denoted as LixNyIz-qLiOH (where x = 3y + z, 0 ≤ q ≤ 0.75), is designed to fulfill all the requirements. As-prepared ONSEs demonstrate chemically stable against Li and high interface energy (>43.08 meV Å-2), effectively restraining Li dendrite growth and the self-degradation at electrode interfaces. Furthermore, improved thermodynamic oxidation stability of ONSEs (>3 V vs Li+/Li, 0.45 V for pure Li3N), arising from the increased ionicity of Li─N bonds, contributes to the stability in ASSLMBs. As a proof-of-concept, the optimized ONSEs possess high ionic conductivity of 0.52 mS cm-1 and achieve long-term cycling of Li||Li symmetric cell for over 500 h. When coupled with the Li3InCl6 SSE for high-voltage cathodes, the bilayer oxyhalide-nitride/Li3InCl6 electrolyte imparts 90% capacity retention over 500 cycles for Li||1 mAh cm-2 LiCoO2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baochen Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Ruhong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311215, China
| | - Haotian Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Ling Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Haikuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Shuoqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Long Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Polytechnic Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jinze Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xuezhang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Tao Deng
- China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Lixin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Chunsheng Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Xiulin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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14
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Jeong WJ, Wang C, Yoon SG, Liu Y, Chen T, McDowell MT. Electrochemical behavior of elemental alloy anodes in solid-state batteries. ACS ENERGY LETTERS 2024; 9:2554-2563. [PMID: 38903403 PMCID: PMC11187630 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.4c00915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Lithium alloy anodes in the form of dense foils offer significant potential advantages over lithium metal and particulate alloy anodes for solid-state batteries (SSBs). However, the reaction and degradation mechanisms of dense alloy anodes remain largely unexplored. Here, we investigate the electrochemical lithiation/delithiation behavior of 12 elemental alloy anodes in SSBs with Li6PS5Cl solid-state electrolyte (SSE), enabling direct behavioral comparisons. The materials show highly divergent first-cycle Coulombic efficiency, ranging from 99.3% for indium to ∼20% for antimony. Through microstructural imaging and electrochemical testing, we identify lithium trapping within the foil during delithiation as the principal reason for low Coulombic efficiency in most materials. The exceptional Coulombic efficiency of indium is found to be due to unique delithiation reaction front morphology evolution in which the high-diffusivity LiIn phase remains at the SSE interface. This study links composition to reaction behavior for alloy anodes and thus provides guidance toward better SSBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Joon Jeong
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Congcheng Wang
- George
W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Sun Geun Yoon
- George
W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Yuhgene Liu
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Timothy Chen
- George
W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Matthew T. McDowell
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia
Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- George
W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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15
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Babar M, Zhu Z, Kurchin R, Kaxiras E, Viswanathan V. Twisto-Electrochemical Activity Volcanoes in Trilayer Graphene. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:16105-16111. [PMID: 38829312 PMCID: PMC11177310 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we develop a twist-dependent electrochemical activity map, combining a low-energy continuum electronic structure model with modified Marcus-Hush-Chidsey kinetics in trilayer graphene. We identify a counterintuitive rate enhancement region spanning the magic angle curve and incommensurate twists in the system geometry. We find a broad activity peak with a ruthenium hexamine redox couple in regions corresponding to both magic angles and incommensurate angles, a result qualitatively distinct from the twisted bilayer case. Flat bands and incommensurability offer new avenues for reaction rate enhancements in electrochemical transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Babar
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ziyan Zhu
- Stanford
Institute of Materials and Energy Science, SLAC National Accelerator
Laboratory, Menlo
Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Rachel Kurchin
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie
Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Efthimios Kaxiras
- Department
of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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16
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Jin Y, Lin R, Li Y, Zhang X, Tan S, Shuai Y, Xiong Y. Revealing the Influence of Electron Migration Inside Polymer Electrolyte on Li + Transport and Interphase Reconfiguration for Li Metal Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403661. [PMID: 38613727 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
The development of highly producible and interfacial compatible in situ polymerized electrolytes for solid-state lithium metal batteries (SSLMBs) have been plagued by insufficient transport kinetics and uncontrollable dendrite propagation. Herein, we seek to explore a rationally designed nanofiber architecture to balance all the criteria of SSLMBs, in which La0.6Sr0.4CoO3-δ (LSC) enriched with high valence-state Co species and oxygen vacancies is developed as electronically conductive nanofillers embedded within ZnO/Zn3N2-functionalized polyimide (Zn-PI) nanofiber framework for the first time, to establish Li+ transport highways for poly vinylene carbonate (PVC) electrolyte and eliminate nonuniform Li deposits. Revealed by characterization and theoretical calculation under electric field, the positive-negative electrical dipole layer in LSC derived from electron migration between Co and O atoms aids in accelerating Li+ diffusion kinetics through densified electric field around filler particle, featuring a remarkable ionic conductivity of 1.50 mS cm-1 at 25 °C and a high Li+ transference number of 0.91 without the risk of electron leakage. Integrating with the preferential sacrifice of ZnO/Zn3N2 on PI nanofiber upon immediate detection of dendritic Li, which takes part in reconfiguring hierarchical SEI chemistry dominated by LixNy/Li-Zn alloy inner layer and LiF outer layer, SSLMBs are further endowed with prolonged cycling lifespan and exceptional rate capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingmin Jin
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Ruifan Lin
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yumeng Li
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xuebai Zhang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Siping Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Power Sources, Guizhou Meiling Power Sources Co. Ltd., Zunyi, Guizhou, 563003, China
| | - Yong Shuai
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Thermophysics of MIIT, School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yueping Xiong
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
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17
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Kreissl JJA, Dang HA, Mogwitz B, Rohnke M, Schröder D, Janek J. Implementation of Different Conversion/Alloy Active Materials as Anodes for Lithium-Based Solid-State Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:26195-26208. [PMID: 38722801 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c03058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
To complement or outperform lithium-ion batteries with liquid electrolyte as energy storage devices, a high-energy as well as high-power anode material must be used in solid-state batteries. An overlooked class of anode materials is the one of conversion/alloy active materials (e.g., SnO2, which is already extensively studied in liquid electrolyte-based batteries). Conversion/alloy active materials offer high specific capacities and often also fast lithium-ion diffusion and reaction kinetics, which are required for high C-rates and application in high-energy and high-power devices such as battery electric vehicles. To date, there are only very few reports on conversion/alloy active materials─namely, SnO2─as anode material in sulfide-based solid-state batteries, with a relatively complex electrode design. Otherwise, conversion-alloy active materials are used as a seed layer or interlayer for a homogeneous Li deposition or to mitigate the formation and growth of the SEI, respectively. Within this work, four different conversion/alloy active materials─SnO2, Sn0.9Fe0.1O2, ZnO, and Zn0.9Fe0.1O─are synthesized and incorporated as negative active materials ("anodes") in composite electrodes into SSBs with Li6PS5Cl as solid electrolyte. The structure and the microstructure of the as-synthesized active materials and composite electrodes are investigated by XRD, SEM, and FIB-SEM. All active materials are evaluated based on their C-rate performance and long-term cyclability by galvanostatic cycling under a constant pressure of 40 MPa. Furthermore, light is shed on the degradation processes that take place at the interface between the active material and solid electrolyte. It is evidenced that the decomposition of Li6PS5Cl to LiCl, Li2S, and Li3P at the anode is amplified by Fe substitution. Lastly, a 2D sheet electrode is designed and cycled to tackle the interfacial degradation processes. This approach leads to an improved C-rate performance (factor of 3) as well as long-term cyclability (factor of 2.3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian J A Kreissl
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
- Center for Materials Research (ZfM), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Hoang Anh Dang
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
- Center for Materials Research (ZfM), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Boris Mogwitz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
- Center for Materials Research (ZfM), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Marcus Rohnke
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
- Center for Materials Research (ZfM), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Daniel Schröder
- Institute of Energy and Process Systems Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Langer Kamp 19B, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jürgen Janek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
- Center for Materials Research (ZfM), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
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18
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Lee J, Zhao C, Wang C, Chen A, Sun X, Amine K, Xu GL. Bridging the gap between academic research and industrial development in advanced all-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:5264-5290. [PMID: 38619389 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00439b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The energy storage and vehicle industries are heavily investing in advancing all-solid-state batteries to overcome critical limitations in existing liquid electrolyte-based lithium-ion batteries, specifically focusing on mitigating fire hazards and improving energy density. All-solid-state lithium-sulfur batteries (ASSLSBs), featuring earth-abundant sulfur cathodes, high-capacity metallic lithium anodes, and non-flammable solid electrolytes, hold significant promise. Despite these appealing advantages, persistent challenges like sluggish sulfur redox kinetics, lithium metal failure, solid electrolyte degradation, and manufacturing complexities hinder their practical use. To facilitate the transition of these technologies to an industrial scale, bridging the gap between fundamental scientific research and applied R&D activities is crucial. Our review will address the inherent challenges in cell chemistries within ASSLSBs, explore advanced characterization techniques, and delve into innovative cell structure designs. Furthermore, we will provide an overview of the recent trends in R&D and investment activities from both academia and industry. Building on the fundamental understandings and significant progress that has been made thus far, our objective is to motivate the battery community to advance ASSLSBs in a practical direction and propel the industrialized process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieun Lee
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S Cass Ave, Lemont, IL 60439, USA.
| | - Chen Zhao
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S Cass Ave, Lemont, IL 60439, USA.
| | - Changhong Wang
- Eastern Institute for Advanced Study, Eastern Institute of Technology, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315200, P. R. China
| | - Anna Chen
- Laurel Heights Secondary School, 650 Laurelwood Dr, Waterloo, ON, N2V 2V1, Canada
| | - Xueliang Sun
- Eastern Institute for Advanced Study, Eastern Institute of Technology, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315200, P. R. China
| | - Khalil Amine
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S Cass Ave, Lemont, IL 60439, USA.
| | - Gui-Liang Xu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S Cass Ave, Lemont, IL 60439, USA.
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19
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Su H, Li J, Zhong Y, Liu Y, Gao X, Kuang J, Wang M, Lin C, Wang X, Tu J. A scalable Li-Al-Cl stratified structure for stable all-solid-state lithium metal batteries. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4202. [PMID: 38760354 PMCID: PMC11101657 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48585-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Sulfides are promising electrolyte materials for all-solid-state Li metal batteries due to their high ionic conductivity and machinability. However, compatibility issues at the negative electrode/sulfide electrolyte interface hinder their practical implementation. Despite previous studies have proposed considerable strategies to improve the negative electrode/sulfide electrolyte interfacial stability, industrial-scale engineering solutions remain elusive. Here, we introduce a scalable Li-Al-Cl stratified structure, formed through the strain-activated separating behavior of thermodynamically unfavorable Li/Li9Al4 and Li/LiCl interfaces, to stabilize the negative electrode/sulfide electrolyte interface. In the Li-Al-Cl stratified structure, Li9Al4 and LiCl are enriched at the surface to serve as a robust solid electrolyte interphase and are diluted in bulk by Li metal to construct a skeleton. Enabled by its unique structural characteristic, the Li-Al-Cl stratified structure significantly enhances the stability of negative electrode/sulfide electrolyte interface. This work reports a strain-activated phase separation phenomenon and proposes a practical pathway for negative electrode/sulfide electrolyte interface engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Su
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingru Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuhong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juner Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minkang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunxi Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiangping Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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20
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Jia Z, Shen H, Kou J, Zhang T, Wang Z, Tang W, Doeff M, Chiang CY, Chen K. Solid Electrolyte Bimodal Grain Structures for Improved Cycling Performance. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2309019. [PMID: 38262625 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The application of solid-state electrolytes in Li batteries is hampered by the occurrence of Li-dendrite-caused short circuits. To avoid cell failure, the electrolytes can only be stressed with rather low current densities, severely restricting their performance. As grain size and pore distributions significantly affect dendrite growth in ceramic electrolytes such as Li7La3Zr2O12 and its variants; here, a "detour and buffer" strategy to bring the superiority of both coarse and fine grains into play, is proposed. To validate the mechanism, a coarse/fine bimodal grain microstructure is obtained by seeding unpulverized large particles in the green body. The rearrangement of coarse grains and fine pores is fine-tuned by changing the ratio of pulverized and unpulverized powders. The optimized bimodal microstructure, obtained when the two powders are equally mixed, allows, without extra interface decoration, cycling for over 2000 h as the current density is increased from 1.0 mA·cm-2, and gradually, up to 2.0 mA·cm-2. The "detour and buffer" effects are confirmed from postmortem analysis. The complex grain boundaries formed by fine grains discourage the direct infiltration of Li. Simultaneously, the coarse grains further increase the tortuosity of the Li path. This study sheds light on the microstructure optimization for the polycrystalline solid-state electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanhui Jia
- Center for Advancing Materials Performance from the Nanoscale (CAMP-Nano), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Hao Shen
- Center for Advancing Materials Performance from the Nanoscale (CAMP-Nano), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Jiawei Kou
- Center for Advancing Materials Performance from the Nanoscale (CAMP-Nano), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- Center for Advancing Materials Performance from the Nanoscale (CAMP-Nano), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Center for Advancing Materials Performance from the Nanoscale (CAMP-Nano), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Center for Advancing Materials Performance from the Nanoscale (CAMP-Nano), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Marca Doeff
- Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Ching-Yu Chiang
- Scientific Research Division, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, Taiwan, 30076, ROC
| | - Kai Chen
- Center for Advancing Materials Performance from the Nanoscale (CAMP-Nano), State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
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21
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Motoyama M. In situ microscopy techniques for understanding Li plating and stripping in solid-state batteries. Microscopy (Oxf) 2024; 73:184-195. [PMID: 38050331 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfad058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid-state batteries have potential to realize a rechargeable Li-metal anode. However, several challenges persist in the charging and discharging processes of the Li-metal anode, which require a fundamental understanding of Li plating and stripping across the interface of solid-state electrolytes (SEs) to address. This review overviews studies on Li-metal anodes in solid-state batteries using in situ observation techniques with an emphasis on Li electrodeposition and dissolution using scanning electron microscopy and SEs such as lithium phosphorus oxynitride and garnet-type compounds such as Li7La3Zr2O12. The previous research is categorized into three topics: (i) Li nucleation, growth and dissolution at the anode-free interface, (ii) electrochemical reduction of SE and (iii) short-circuit phenomena in SE. The current trends of each topic are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munekazu Motoyama
- Kyushu University Platform of Inter-/Transdisciplinary Energy Research, Kyushu University, 6-1, Kasuga-koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
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22
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Feng W, Zhao Y, Xia Y. Solid Interfaces for the Garnet Electrolytes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2306111. [PMID: 38216304 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) have attracted extensive interests due to the advantages in developing secondary batteries with high energy density and outstanding safety. Possessing high ionic conductivity and the lowest reduction potential among the state-of-the-art SSEs, the garnet type SSE is one of the most promising candidates to achieve high performance solid-state lithium batteries (SSLBs). However, the elastic modulus of the garnet electrolyte leads to deteriorated interfacial contacts, and the increasing in electronic conduction at either anode/garnet interface or grain boundary results in Li dendrite growth. Here, recent developments of the solid interfaces for the garnet electrolytes, including the strategies of Li dendrite suppression and interfacial chemical/electrochemical/mechanical stabilizations are presented. A new viewpoint of the double edges of interfacial lithiophobicity is proposed, and the rational design of the interphases, as well as effective stacking methods of the garnet-based SSLBs are summarized. Moreover, practical roles of the garnet electrolyte in SSLB industry are also discussed. This work delivers insights into the solid interfaces for the garnet electrolytes, which provides not only the promotion of the garnet-based SSLBs, but also a comprehensive understanding of the interfacial stabilization for the whole SSE family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuliang Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- College of Sciences, Institute for Sustainable Energy, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yufeng Zhao
- College of Sciences, Institute for Sustainable Energy, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yongyao Xia
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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23
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Su H, Zhong Y, Wang C, Liu Y, Hu Y, Li J, Wang M, Jiao L, Zhou N, Xiao B, Wang X, Sun X, Tu J. Deciphering the critical role of interstitial volume in glassy sulfide superionic conductors. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2552. [PMID: 38514649 PMCID: PMC10957893 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46798-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Sulfide electrolytes represent a crucial category of superionic conductors for all-solid-state lithium metal batteries. Among sulfide electrolytes, glassy sulfide is highly promising due to its long-range disorder and grain-boundary-free nature. However, the lack of comprehension regarding glass formation chemistry has hindered their progress. Herein, we propose interstitial volume as the decisive factor influencing halogen dopant solubility within a glass matrix. We engineer a Li3PS4-Li4SiS4 complex structure within the sulfide glassy network to facilitate the release of interstitial volume. Consequently, we increase the dissolution capacity of LiI to 40 mol% in 75Li2S-25P2S5 glass. The synthesized glass exhibits one of the highest ionic conductivities among reported glass sulfides. Furthermore, we develop a glassy/crystalline composite electrolyte to mitigate the shortcomings of argyrodite-type sulfides by utilizing our synthesized glass as the filler. The composite electrolytes effectively mitigate Li intrusion. This work unveils a protocol for the dissolution of halogen dopants in glass electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Su
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario1151 Richmond St., London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Yu Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Changhong Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario1151 Richmond St., London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.
- Eastern Institute for Advanced Study, Eastern Institute of Technology, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315200, PR China.
| | - Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario1151 Richmond St., London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario1151 Richmond St., London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Jingru Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Minkang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Longan Jiao
- Carl Zeiss (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., 60 Mei Yue Road, Pilot Free Trade Zone, Shanghai, 200131, PR China
| | - Ningning Zhou
- Carl Zeiss (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., 60 Mei Yue Road, Pilot Free Trade Zone, Shanghai, 200131, PR China
| | - Bing Xiao
- Carl Zeiss (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., 60 Mei Yue Road, Pilot Free Trade Zone, Shanghai, 200131, PR China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xueliang Sun
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Western Ontario1151 Richmond St., London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada.
- Eastern Institute for Advanced Study, Eastern Institute of Technology, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315200, PR China.
| | - Jiangping Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Applications for Batteries of Zhejiang Province, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
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24
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Zheng Z, Zhou J, Zhu Y. Computational approach inspired advancements of solid-state electrolytes for lithium secondary batteries: from first-principles to machine learning. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:3134-3166. [PMID: 38375570 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00572k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The increasing demand for high-security, high-performance, and low-cost energy storage systems (EESs) driven by the adoption of renewable energy is gradually surpassing the capabilities of commercial lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Solid-state electrolytes (SSEs), including inorganics, polymers, and composites, have emerged as promising candidates for next-generation all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs). ASSBs offer higher theoretical energy densities, improved safety, and extended cyclic stability, making them increasingly popular in academia and industry. However, the commercialization of ASSBs still faces significant challenges, such as unsatisfactory interfacial resistance and rapid dendrite growth. To overcome these problems, a thorough understanding of the complex chemical-electrochemical-mechanical interactions of SSE materials is essential. Recently, computational methods have played a vital role in revealing the fundamental mechanisms associated with SSEs and accelerating their development, ranging from atomistic first-principles calculations, molecular dynamic simulations, multiphysics modeling, to machine learning approaches. These methods enable the prediction of intrinsic properties and interfacial stability, investigation of material degradation, and exploration of topological design, among other factors. In this comprehensive review, we provide an overview of different numerical methods used in SSE research. We discuss the current state of knowledge in numerical auxiliary approaches, with a particular focus on machine learning-enabled methods, for the understanding of multiphysics-couplings of SSEs at various spatial and time scales. Additionally, we highlight insights and prospects for SSE advancements. This review serves as a valuable resource for researchers and industry professionals working with energy storage systems and computational modeling and offers perspectives on the future directions of SSE development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoyuan Zheng
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 211816, China.
| | - Jie Zhou
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 211816, China.
| | - Yusong Zhu
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 211816, China.
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25
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Demuth T, Fuchs T, Beyer A, Janek J, Volz K. "Depo-all-around": A novel FIB-based TEM specimen preparation technique for solid state battery composites and other loosely bound samples. Ultramicroscopy 2024; 257:113904. [PMID: 38061278 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2023.113904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Interfacial phenomena between active cathode materials and solid electrolytes play an important role in the function of solid-state batteries. (S)TEM imaging can give valuable insight into the atomic structure and composition at the various interfaces, yet the preparation of TEM specimen by FIB (focused ion beam) is challenging for loosely bound samples like composites, as they easily break apart during conventional preparation routines. We propose a novel preparation method that uses a frame made of deposition layers from the FIB's gas injection system to prevent the sample from breaking apart. This technique can of course be also applied to other loosely bound samples, not only those in the field of batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Demuth
- Materials Science Center and Faculty of Physics, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerweinstraße 6, Marburg 35043, Germany
| | - Till Fuchs
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Materials Research, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, Gießen 35392, Germany
| | - Andreas Beyer
- Materials Science Center and Faculty of Physics, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerweinstraße 6, Marburg 35043, Germany
| | - Jürgen Janek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Materials Research, Justus-Liebig-University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, Gießen 35392, Germany
| | - Kerstin Volz
- Materials Science Center and Faculty of Physics, Philipps University Marburg, Hans-Meerweinstraße 6, Marburg 35043, Germany.
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26
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Sanchez AJ, Dasgupta NP. Lithium Metal Anodes: Advancing our Mechanistic Understanding of Cycling Phenomena in Liquid and Solid Electrolytes. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:4282-4300. [PMID: 38335271 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Lithium metal anodes have the potential to be a disruptive technology for next-generation batteries with high energy densities, but their electrochemical performance is limited by a lack of fundamental understanding into the mechanistic origins that underpin their poor reversibility, morphological evolution (including dendrite growth), and interfacial instability. The goal of this perspective is to summarize the current state-of-the-art understanding of these phenomena, and highlight knowledge gaps where additional research is needed. The various stages of cycling are described sequentially, including nucleation, growth, open-circuit rest periods, and electrodissolution (stripping). A direct comparison of lessons learned from liquid and solid-state electrolyte systems is made throughout the discussion, providing cross-cutting insights between these research communities. Major themes of the discussion include electro-chemo-mechanical coupling, insights from in situ/operando analysis, and the interplay between experimental observations and computational modeling. Finally, a series of fundamental research questions are proposed to identify critical knowledge gaps and inform future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian J Sanchez
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Neil P Dasgupta
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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27
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Cao T, Xu R, Cheng X, Wang M, Sun T, Lu J, Liu X, Zhang Y, Zhang Z. Chemomechanical Origins of the Dynamic Evolution of Isolated Li Filaments in Inorganic Solid-State Electrolytes. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:1843-1850. [PMID: 38316029 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The penetrating growth of Li into the inorganic solid-state electrolyte (SSE) is one key factor limiting its practical application. Research to understand the underlying mechanism of Li penetration has been ongoing for years and is continuing. Here, we report an in situ scanning electron microscopy methodology to investigate the dynamic behaviors of isolated Li filaments in the garnet SSE under practical cycling conditions. We find that the filaments tend to grow in the SSE, while surprisingly, those filaments can self-dissolve with a decrease in the current density without a reversal of the current direction. We further build a coupled electro-chemo-mechanical model to assess the interplay between electrochemistry and mechanics during the dynamic evolution of filaments. We reveal that filament growth is strongly regulated by the competition between the electrochemical driving force and mechanical resistive force. The numerical results provide rational guidance for the design of solid-state batteries with excellent properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianci Cao
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Rong Xu
- State Key Lab for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xiaopeng Cheng
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Mingming Wang
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Junxia Lu
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xianqiang Liu
- Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yuefei Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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28
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Chatterjee D, Naik KG, Vishnugopi BS, Mukherjee PP. Electrodeposition Stability Landscape for Solid-Solid Interfaces. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307455. [PMID: 38072655 PMCID: PMC10853722 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
As solid-state batteries (SSBs) with lithium (Li) metal anodes gain increasing traction as promising next-generation energy storage systems, a fundamental understanding of coupled electro-chemo-mechanical interactions is essential to design stable solid-solid interfaces. Notably, uneven electrodeposition at the Li metal/solid electrolyte (SE) interface arising from intrinsic electrochemical and mechanical heterogeneities remains a significant challenge. In this work, the thermodynamic origins of mechanics-coupled reaction kinetics at the Li/SE interface are investigated and its implications on electrodeposition stability are unveiled. It is established that the mechanics-driven energetic contribution to the free energy landscape of the Li deposition/dissolution redox reaction has a critical influence on the interface stability. The study presents the competing effects of mechanical and electrical overpotential on the reaction distribution, and demarcates the regimes under which stress interactions can be tailored to enable stable electrodeposition. It is revealed that different degrees of mechanics contribution to the forward (dissolution) and backward (deposition) reaction rates result in widely varying stability regimes, and the mechanics-coupled kinetics scenario exhibited by the Li/SE interface is shown to depend strongly on the thermodynamic and mechanical properties of the SE. This work highlights the importance of discerning the underpinning nature of electro-chemo-mechanical coupling toward achieving stable solid/solid interfaces in SSBs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaustubh G. Naik
- School of Mechanical EngineeringPurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIN47907USA
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29
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Zhao M, Zhang J, Costa CM, Lanceros-Méndez S, Zhang Q, Wang W. Unveiling Challenges and Opportunities in Silicon-Based All-Solid-State Batteries: Thin-Film Bonding with Mismatch Strain. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308590. [PMID: 38050893 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Li-metal and silicon are potential anode materials in all-solid-state Li-ion batteries (ASSBs) due to high specific capacity. However, both materials form gaps at the interface with solid electrolytes (SEs) during charging/discharging, resulting in increased impedance and uneven current density distribution. In this perspective, the different mechanisms of formation of these gaps are elaborated in detail. For Li-metal anodes, Li-ions are repeatedly stripped and unevenly deposited on the surface, leading to gaps and Li dendrite formation, which is an unavoidable electrochemical behavior. For Si-based anodes, Li-ions inserting/extracting within the Si-based electrode causes volume changes and a local separation from the SE, which is a mechanical behavior and avoidable by mitigating the strain mismatch of thin-film bonding between anode and SE. Si electro-chemical-mechanical behaviors are also described and strategies recommended to synergistically decrease Si-based electrode strain, including Si materials, Si-based composites, and electrodes. Last, it is suggested to choose a composite polymer-inorganic SE with favorable elastic properties and high ionic conductivity and form it directly on the Si-based electrode, beneficial for increasing SE strain to accommodate stack pressure and the stability of the interface. Thus, this perspective sheds light on the development and application of Si-based ASSBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingcai Zhao
- BCMaterials, Basque Centre for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa, 48940, Spain
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- R&D department, Jiangsu E-ontech company, Nanjing, 211106, China
| | - Carlos M Costa
- Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP) Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, LapMET, University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
- Institute of Science and Innovation for Bio-Sustainability (IB-S), University of Minho, Braga, 4710-053, Portugal
| | - Senentxu Lanceros-Méndez
- BCMaterials, Basque Centre for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa, 48940, Spain
- Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP) Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, LapMET, University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, Bilbao, 48009, Spain
| | - Qi Zhang
- BCMaterials, Basque Centre for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa, 48940, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza Euskadi 5, Bilbao, 48009, Spain
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
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30
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Luo T, Liu B, Han W, Zhu G, Liang J, Wang L, Yang J, Wang L, Liu S. Enhanced ion-electron mixing interface for high energy solid-state lithium metal batteries. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 652:1085-1091. [PMID: 37651924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.08.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state Li metal batteries (SSLMBs) are famous for superior security and excellent energy density. Nevertheless, the poor interfacial contact between solid lithium and electrode is one key problem in the development of SSLMBs, resulting in high impedance and growth of lithium dendrites along the grain boundaries. Herein, an innovative and accessible approach has been applied to SSLMBs, which introduces an ion-electron mixing (IEM) interface on the surface of Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 (LATP). The IEM interlayer generates LixSn/LiI of fast lithium-ion conductor through an in-situ reaction. The existence of LiI would promote the quick transmission of Li+ at the interface and inhibit the electronic conduction, thus restraining the growth of lithium dendrites. The batteries with IEM@LATP electrolyte could stably cycle more than 1000 h at high current density of 0.1 mA cm-2. Even increasing the current density to 3.0 mA cm-2, the batteries still could work normally. This novel and viable approach offers a robust basis for the practical application of SSLMBs and has some general applicability to other solid-state batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063009, China
| | - Bing Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063009, China
| | - Weibo Han
- School of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063009, China
| | - Guohua Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063009, China
| | - Jinglong Liang
- College of Metallurgy and Energy, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063009, China.
| | - Linzhe Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063009, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Zhejiang Huayou Cobal Company Limited, Tongxiang 314500, China
| | - Ling Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063009, China.
| | - Shan Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063009, China.
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31
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Wu X, Ji G, Wang J, Zhou G, Liang Z. Toward Sustainable All Solid-State Li-Metal Batteries: Perspectives on Battery Technology and Recycling Processes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2301540. [PMID: 37191036 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Lithium (Li)-based batteries are gradually evolving from the liquid to the solid state in terms of safety and energy density, where all solid-state Li-metal batteries (ASSLMBs) are considered the most promising candidates. This is demonstrated by the Bluecar electric vehicle produced by the Bolloré Group, which is utilized in car-sharing services in several cities worldwide. Despite impressive progress in the development of ASSLMBs, their avenues for recycling them remain underexplored, and combined with the current explosion of spent Li-ion batteries, they should attract widespread interest from academia and industry. Here, the potential challenges of recycling ASSLMBs as compared to Li-ion batteries are analyzed and the current progress and prospects for recycling ASSLMBs are summarized and analyzed. Drawing on the lessons learned from Li-ion battery recycling, it is important to design sustainable recycling technologies before ASSLMBs gain widespread market adoption. A battery-recycling-oriented design is also highlighted for ASSLMBs to promote the recycling rate and maximize profitability. Finally, future research directions, challenges, and prospects are outlined to provide strategies for achieving sustainable development of ASSLMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Wu
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Guanjun Ji
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Junxiong Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Guangmin Zhou
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zheng Liang
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
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32
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Zhang Z, Han WQ. From Liquid to Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries: Fundamental Issues and Recent Developments. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 16:24. [PMID: 37985522 PMCID: PMC10661211 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01234-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
The widespread adoption of lithium-ion batteries has been driven by the proliferation of portable electronic devices and electric vehicles, which have increasingly stringent energy density requirements. Lithium metal batteries (LMBs), with their ultralow reduction potential and high theoretical capacity, are widely regarded as the most promising technical pathway for achieving high energy density batteries. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of fundamental issues related to high reactivity and migrated interfaces in LMBs. Furthermore, we propose improved strategies involving interface engineering, 3D current collector design, electrolyte optimization, separator modification, application of alloyed anodes, and external field regulation to address these challenges. The utilization of solid-state electrolytes can significantly enhance the safety of LMBs and represents the only viable approach for advancing them. This review also encompasses the variation in fundamental issues and design strategies for the transition from liquid to solid electrolytes. Particularly noteworthy is that the introduction of SSEs will exacerbate differences in electrochemical and mechanical properties at the interface, leading to increased interface inhomogeneity-a critical factor contributing to failure in all-solid-state lithium metal batteries. Based on recent research works, this perspective highlights the current status of research on developing high-performance LMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Qiang Han
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China.
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33
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Zhu F, Zhang Z, Gu J, Xu J, Eitssayeam S, Xu Q, Shi P, Min Y. Li 3Bi/Li 2O layer with uniform built-in electric field distribution for dendrite free lithium metal batteries. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 650:622-635. [PMID: 37437442 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.06.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Lithium metal batteries have garnered significant attention as a promising energy storage technology, offering high energy density and potential applications across various industries. However, the formation of lithium dendrites during battery cycling poses a considerable challenge, leading to performance degradation and safety hazards. This study aims to address this issue by investigating the effectiveness of a protective layer on the lithium metal surface in inhibiting dendrite growth. The hypothesis is that continuous lithium consumption during battery cycling is a primary contributor to dendrite formation. To test this hypothesis, a protective layer of Li3Bi/Li2O was applied to the lithium foil through immersion in a BiN3O9 solution. Experimental techniques including kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations were employed to analyze the structural and electronic properties of the Li3Bi/Li2O layer. The findings demonstrate successful doping of Bi into the Li coating, forming Bi-Bi and Bi-O bonds. KPFM measurements reveal a higher work function of Li3Bi/Li2O, indicating its potential as an effective protective layer. DFT calculations further support this observation by revealing a greater adsorption energy of lithium on the Li3Bi/Li2O layer compared to the bulk material. Charge density analysis suggests that the adsorption of Li atoms onto the Li3Bi/Li2O layer induces a redistribution of charge, resulting in increased electron availability on the surface and preventing electrode-electrolyte contact. This study provides insights into the role of the Li3Bi/Li2O protective layer in inhibiting dendrite growth in lithium metal batteries. By mitigating dendrite formation, the protective layer holds promise for enhancing battery performance and longevity. These findings contribute to the development of strategies for improving the stability and reliability of lithium metal batteries, facilitating their wider adoption in energy storage applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials Electric Power, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy-Saving in Heat Exchange Systems, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Zekai Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jie Gu
- China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Lingang, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jinting Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials Electric Power, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy-Saving in Heat Exchange Systems, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China.
| | - Sukum Eitssayeam
- Physics and Materials science Department, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Kaew Road, Muang District, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Qunjie Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials Electric Power, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy-Saving in Heat Exchange Systems, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - PengHui Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials Electric Power, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy-Saving in Heat Exchange Systems, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - YuLin Min
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Materials Protection and Advanced Materials Electric Power, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Energy-Saving in Heat Exchange Systems, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
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34
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Sang J, Pan K, Tang B, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Zhou Z. One Stone, Three Birds: An Air and Interface Stable Argyrodite Solid Electrolyte with Multifunctional Nanoshells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2304117. [PMID: 37750447 PMCID: PMC10646260 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Li6 PS5 Cl (LPSC) solid electrolytes, based on Argyrodite, have shown potential for developing high energy density and safe all-solid-state lithium metal batteries. However, challenges such as interfacial reactions, uneven Li deposition, and air instability remain unresolved. To address these issues, a simple and effective approach is proposed to design and prepare a solid electrolyte with unique structural features: Li6 PS4 Cl0.75 -OF0.25 (LPSC-OF0.25 ) with protective LiF@Li2 O nanoshells and F and O-rich internal units. The LPSC-OF0.25 electrolyte exhibits high ionic conductivity and the capability of "killing three birds with one stone" by improving the moist air tolerance, as well as the interface compatibility between the anode or cathode and the solid electrolyte. The improved performance is attributed to the peculiar morphology and the self-generating and self-healing interface coupling capability. When coupled with bare LiCoO2 , the LPSC-OF0.25 electrolyte enables stable operation under high cutoff voltage (≈4.65 V vs Li/Li+ ), thick cathodes (25 mg cm-2 ), and large current density (800 cycles at 2 mA cm-2 ). This rationally designed solid electrolyte offers promising prospects for solid-state batteries with high energy and power density for future long-range electric vehicles and aircrafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwu Sang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Sustainable Energy Science and Engineering (IRC4SE)School of Chemical EngineeringZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001P. R. China
| | - Kecheng Pan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Sustainable Energy Science and Engineering (IRC4SE)School of Chemical EngineeringZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001P. R. China
| | - Bin Tang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Sustainable Energy Science and Engineering (IRC4SE)School of Chemical EngineeringZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001P. R. China
| | - Zhang Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Sustainable Energy Science and Engineering (IRC4SE)School of Chemical EngineeringZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001P. R. China
| | - Yiyang Liu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Sustainable Energy Science and Engineering (IRC4SE)School of Chemical EngineeringZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001P. R. China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Sustainable Energy Science and Engineering (IRC4SE)School of Chemical EngineeringZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001P. R. China
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35
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Ouyang C, Zheng H, Chen Q, Liu H, Duan H. Correlating the Microstructure and Current Density of the Li/Garnet Interface. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37897798 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state lithium batteries hold great promise for next-generation energy storage systems. However, the formation of lithium filaments within the solid electrolyte remains a critical challenge. In this study, we investigate the crucial role of morphology in determining the resistance of garnet-type electrolytes to lithium filaments. By proposing a new test method, namely, cyclic linear sweep voltammetry, we can effectively evaluate the electrolyte resistance against lithium filaments. Our findings reveal a strong correlation between the microscopic morphology of the solid electrolyte and its resistance to lithium filaments. Samples with reduced pores and multiple grain boundaries demonstrate remarkable performance, achieving a critical current density of up to 3.2 mA cm-2 and excellent long-term cycling stability. Kelvin probe force microscopy and finite element method simulation results shed light on the impact of grain boundaries and electrolyte pores on lithium-ion transport and filament propagation. To inhibit lithium penetration, minimizing pores and achieving a uniform morphology with small grains and plenty of grain boundaries are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Hongpeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Qiwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Hezhou Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Huanan Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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36
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Eckhardt JK, Kremer S, Fuchs T, Minnmann P, Schubert J, Burkhardt S, Elm MT, Klar PJ, Heiliger C, Janek J. Influence of Microstructure on the Material Properties of LLZO Ceramics Derived by Impedance Spectroscopy and Brick Layer Model Analysis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:47260-47277. [PMID: 37751537 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Variants of garnet-type Li7La3Zr2O12 are being intensively studied as separator materials in solid-state battery research. The material-specific transport properties, such as bulk and grain boundary conductivity, are of prime interest and are mostly investigated by impedance spectroscopy. Data evaluation is usually based on the one-dimensional (1D) brick layer model, which assumes a homogeneous microstructure of identical grains. Real samples show microstructural inhomogeneities in grain size and porosity due to the complex behavior of grain growth in garnets that is very sensitive to the sintering protocol. However, the true microstructure is often omitted in impedance data analysis, hindering the interlaboratory reproducibility and comparability of results reported in the literature. Here, we use a combinatorial approach of structural analysis and three-dimensional (3D) transport modeling to explore the effects of microstructure on the derived material-specific properties of garnet-type ceramics. For this purpose, Al-doped Li7La3Zr2O12 pellets with different microstructures are fabricated and electrochemically characterized. A machine learning-assisted image segmentation approach is used for statistical analysis and quantification of the microstructural changes during sintering. A detailed analysis of transport through statistically modeled twin microstructures demonstrates that the transport parameters derived from a 1D brick layer model approach show uncertainties up to 150%, only due to variations in grain size. These uncertainties can be even larger in the presence of porosity. This study helps to better understand the role of the microstructure of polycrystalline electroceramics and its influence on experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janis K Eckhardt
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, Giessen D-35392, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, Giessen D-35392, Germany
- Center for Materials Research (ZfM), Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, Giessen D-35392, Germany
| | - Sascha Kremer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, Giessen D-35392, Germany
- Center for Materials Research (ZfM), Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, Giessen D-35392, Germany
| | - Till Fuchs
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, Giessen D-35392, Germany
- Center for Materials Research (ZfM), Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, Giessen D-35392, Germany
| | - Philip Minnmann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, Giessen D-35392, Germany
- Center for Materials Research (ZfM), Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, Giessen D-35392, Germany
| | - Johannes Schubert
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, Giessen D-35392, Germany
- Center for Materials Research (ZfM), Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, Giessen D-35392, Germany
| | - Simon Burkhardt
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, Giessen D-35392, Germany
- Center for Materials Research (ZfM), Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, Giessen D-35392, Germany
| | - Matthias T Elm
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, Giessen D-35392, Germany
- Center for Materials Research (ZfM), Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, Giessen D-35392, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Physics I, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, Giessen D-35392, Germany
| | - Peter J Klar
- Center for Materials Research (ZfM), Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, Giessen D-35392, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Physics I, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, Giessen D-35392, Germany
| | - Christian Heiliger
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, Giessen D-35392, Germany
- Center for Materials Research (ZfM), Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, Giessen D-35392, Germany
| | - Jürgen Janek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, Giessen D-35392, Germany
- Center for Materials Research (ZfM), Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, Giessen D-35392, Germany
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37
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Gautam A, Al-Kutubi H, Famprikis T, Ganapathy S, Wagemaker M. Exploring the Relationship Between Halide Substitution, Structural Disorder, and Lithium Distribution in Lithium Argyrodites (Li 6-xPS 5-xBr 1+x). CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2023; 35:8081-8091. [PMID: 37840779 PMCID: PMC10569443 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c01525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Lithium argyrodite superionic conductors have recently gained significant attention as potential solid electrolytes for all-solid-state batteries because of their high ionic conductivity and ease of processing. Promising aspects of these materials are the ability to introduce halides (Li6-xPS5-xHal1+x, Hal = Cl and Br) into the crystal structure, which can greatly impact the lithium distribution over the wide range of accessible sites and the structural disorder between the S2- and Hal- anion on the Wyckoff 4d site, both of which strongly influence the ionic conductivity. However, the complex relationship among halide substitution, structural disorder, and lithium distribution is not fully understood, impeding optimal material design. In this study, we investigate the effect of bromide substitution on lithium argyrodite (Li6-xPS5-xBr1+x, in the range 0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) and engineer structural disorder by changing the synthesis protocol. We reveal the correlation between the lithium substructure and ionic transport using neutron diffraction, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. We find that a higher ionic conductivity is correlated with a lower average negative charge on the 4d site, located in the center of the Li+ "cage", as a result of the partial replacement of S2- by Br-. This leads to weaker interactions within the Li+ "cage", promoting Li-ion diffusivity across the unit cell. We also identify an additional T4 Li+ site, which enables an alternative jump route (T5-T4-T5) with a lower migration energy barrier. The resulting expansion of the Li+ cages and increased connections between cages lead to a maximum ionic conductivity of 8.55 mS/cm for quenched Li5.5PS4.5Br1.5 having the highest degree of structural disorder, an 11-fold improvement compared to slow-cooled Li6PS5Br having the lowest degree of structural disorder. Thereby, this work advances the understanding of the structure-transport correlations in lithium argyrodites, specifically how structural disorder and halide substitution impact the lithium substructure and transport properties and how this can be realized effectively through the synthesis method and tuning of the composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Gautam
- Storage of Electrochemical
Energy, Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Faculty of
Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB Delft, The
Netherlands
| | - Hanan Al-Kutubi
- Storage of Electrochemical
Energy, Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Faculty of
Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB Delft, The
Netherlands
| | - Theodosios Famprikis
- Storage of Electrochemical
Energy, Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Faculty of
Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB Delft, The
Netherlands
| | - Swapna Ganapathy
- Storage of Electrochemical
Energy, Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Faculty of
Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB Delft, The
Netherlands
| | - Marnix Wagemaker
- Storage of Electrochemical
Energy, Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Faculty of
Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 15, 2629 JB Delft, The
Netherlands
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38
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Pan Y, Zhang Y. Solid Electrolyte Interphase Architecture for a Stable Li-electrolyte Interface. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300453. [PMID: 37563980 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Li metal anode has attracted extensive attention as the state-of-the-art anode material for rechargeable batteries. It is defined as the ultimate anode material for the high theoretical specific capacity (3860 mAh g-1 ) and the lowest negative electrochemical potential (-3.04 V vs. Standard Hydrogen Electrode). However, the uncontrolled Li dendrites and the spontaneous side reactions between Li and electrolytes hinder its commercialization. To overcome these obstacles, the optimized solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) with excellent performance was proposed by the artificial method. The improved performance includes high stability, ionic conductivity, compactness, and flexibility. In this review, the strategies for artificial SEI engineering in liquid and solid electrolytes are summarized. To fabricate an ideal artificial SEI, the component, distribution, and structure should be fully and reasonably considered. This review will also provide perspectives for the SEI design and lay a foundation for the future research and development of Li metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Pan
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, 221018, P. R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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39
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Li P, Wang S, Hao J, Wang X, Hao SM, Lu Y, Li H, Zhou W, Li Y. Efficiencies of Various in situ Polymerizations of Liquid Electrolytes and the Practical Implications for Quasi Solid-state Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202309613. [PMID: 37555781 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202309613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
In situ polymerization of liquid electrolytes is currently the most feasible way for constructing solid-state batteries, which, however, is affected by various interfering factors of reactions and so the electrochemical performance of cells. To disclose the effects from polymerization conditions, two types of generally used in situ polymerizing reactions of ring-opening polymerization (ROP) and double bond radical polymerization (DBRP) were investigated on the aspects of monomer conversion and electrochemical properties (Li+ -conductivity and interfacial stability). The ROP generated poly-ester and poly-carbonate show a high monomer conversion of ≈90 %, but suffer a poor Li+ -conductivity of lower than 2×10-5 S cm-1 at room temperature (RT). Additionally, the terminal alkoxy anion derived from the ROP is not resistant to high-voltage cathodes. While, the DBRP produced poly-VEC(vinyl ethylene carbonate) and poly-VC(vinylene carbonate) show lower monomer conversions of 50-80 %, delivering relatively higher Li+ -conductivities of 2×10-4 S cm-1 at RT. Compared two polymerizing reactions and four monomers, the VEC-based F-containing copolymer possesses advantages in Li+ -conductivity and antioxidant capacity, which also shows simultaneous stability towards Li-metal with the help of LiF-based passivating layer, allowing a long-term stable cycling of high-voltage quasi solid-state cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shuya Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jinjin Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Ningde Amperex Technology Limited (ATL), Key Laboratory of Consumer Lithium-Ion Battery in Fujian, Fujian, 352100, China
| | - Shu-Meng Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yuhao Lu
- Ningde Amperex Technology Limited (ATL), Key Laboratory of Consumer Lithium-Ion Battery in Fujian, Fujian, 352100, China
| | - Hong Li
- Key Laboratory for Renewable Energy, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Weidong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yuliang Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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40
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Vadhva P, Boyce AM, Patel A, Shearing PR, Offer G, Rettie AJE. Silicon-Based Solid-State Batteries: Electrochemistry and Mechanics to Guide Design and Operation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:42470-42480. [PMID: 37646541 PMCID: PMC10510101 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c06615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state batteries (SSBs) are promising alternatives to the incumbent lithium-ion technology; however, they face a unique set of challenges that must be overcome to enable their widespread adoption. These challenges include solid-solid interfaces that are highly resistive, with slow kinetics, and a tendency to form interfacial voids causing diminished cycle life due to fracture and delamination. This modeling study probes the evolution of stresses at the solid electrolyte (SE) solid-solid interfaces, by linking the chemical and mechanical material properties to their electrochemical response, which can be used as a guide to optimize the design and manufacture of silicon (Si) based SSBs. A thin-film solid-state battery consisting of an amorphous Si negative electrode (NE) is studied, which exerts compressive stress on the SE, caused by the lithiation-induced expansion of the Si. By using a 2D chemo-mechanical model, continuum scale simulations are used to probe the effect of applied pressure and C-rate on the stress-strain response of the cell and their impacts on the overall cell capacity. A complex concentration gradient is generated within the Si electrode due to slow diffusion of Li through Si, which leads to localized strains. To reduce the interfacial stress and strain at 100% SOC, operation at moderate C-rates with low applied pressure is desirable. Alternatively, the mechanical properties of the SE could be tailored to optimize cell performance. To reduce Si stress, a SE with a moderate Young's modulus similar to that of lithium phosphorous oxynitride (∼77 GPa) with a low yield strength comparable to sulfides (∼0.67 GPa) should be selected. However, if the reduction in SE stress is of greater concern, then a compliant Young's modulus (∼29 GPa) with a moderate yield strength (1-3 GPa) should be targeted. This study emphasizes the need for SE material selection and the consideration of other cell components in order to optimize the performance of thin film solid-state batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Vadhva
- Electrochemical
Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - Adam M. Boyce
- Electrochemical
Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
- School
of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland
| | - Anisha Patel
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College
London, London SW7 1AY, United
Kingdom
| | - Paul R. Shearing
- Electrochemical
Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One Becquerel Avenue Harwell, Didcot OX11 0RA, United
Kingdom
| | - Gregory Offer
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College
London, London SW7 1AY, United
Kingdom
- The
Faraday Institution, Quad One Becquerel Avenue Harwell, Didcot OX11 0RA, United
Kingdom
| | - Alexander J. E. Rettie
- Electrochemical
Innovation Lab, Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
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41
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Yoon G, Kim S, Kim J. Design Strategies for Anodes and Interfaces Toward Practical Solid-State Li-Metal Batteries. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302263. [PMID: 37544910 PMCID: PMC10520671 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state Li-metal batteries (based on solid-state electrolytes) offer excellent safety and exhibit high potential to overcome the energy-density limitations of current Li-ion batteries, making them suitable candidates for the rapidly developing fields of electric vehicles and energy-storage systems. However, establishing close solid-solid contact is challenging, and Li-dendrite formation in solid-state electrolytes at high current densities causes fatal technical problems (due to high interfacial resistance and short-circuit failure). The Li metal/solid electrolyte interfacial properties significantly influence the kinetics of Li-metal batteries and short-circuit formation. This review discusses various strategies for introducing anode interlayers, from the perspective of reducing the interfacial resistance and preventing short-circuit formation. In addition, 3D anode structural-design strategies are discussed to alleviate the stress caused by volume changes during charging and discharging. This review highlights the importance of comprehensive anode/electrolyte interface control and anode design strategies that reduce the interfacial resistance, hinder short-circuit formation, and facilitate stress relief for developing Li-metal batteries with commercial-level performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabin Yoon
- Battery Material TUSamsung Advanced Institute of Technology130, Samsung‐ro, Yeongtong‐guSuwon‐siGyeonggi‐do443‐803Republic of Korea
| | - Sewon Kim
- Battery Material TUSamsung Advanced Institute of Technology130, Samsung‐ro, Yeongtong‐guSuwon‐siGyeonggi‐do443‐803Republic of Korea
| | - Ju‐Sik Kim
- Battery Material TUSamsung Advanced Institute of Technology130, Samsung‐ro, Yeongtong‐guSuwon‐siGyeonggi‐do443‐803Republic of Korea
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42
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Ma J, Zhang S, Zheng Y, Huang T, Sun F, Dong S, Cui G. Interelectrode Talk in Solid-State Lithium-Metal Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2301892. [PMID: 37442767 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state lithium-metal batteries have been identified as a strategic research direction for the electric vehicle industry because of their promising high energy density and potential characteristic safety. However, the intrinsic mechanical properties of solid materials cause inevitable electro-chemo-mechanical failure of electrodes and electrolytes during charging and discharging; these failure mechanisms include lithium penetration and formation of cracks and voids, which pose a serious challenge for the long cycle life of solid-state lithium-metal batteries. Here, a short overview of the recent advances with a view to understand this challenge is provided. Furthermore, new insights into the cross-talk behavior between the cathode and lithium-metal anode are provided based on the non-uniform Li+ flux inducing interactional electro-chemo-mechanical failure. Furthermore, guidelines for designing stable solid-state lithium-metal batteries and research directions to figure out the interelectrode-talk-related electro-chemo-mechanical failure mechanism are presented, which can be significant for accelerating the development of solid-state lithium batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ma
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Yue Zheng
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tianpeng Huang
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fu Sun
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Shanmu Dong
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Guanglei Cui
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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43
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Ganesan P, Soans M, Cambaz MA, Zimmermanns R, Gond R, Fuchs S, Hu Y, Baumgart S, Sotoudeh M, Stepien D, Stein H, Groß A, Bresser D, Varzi A, Fichtner M. Fluorine-Substituted Halide Solid Electrolytes with Enhanced Stability toward the Lithium Metal. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:38391-38402. [PMID: 37527285 PMCID: PMC10437042 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c03513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
The high ionic conductivity and good oxidation stability of halide-based solid electrolytes evoke strong interest in this class of materials. Nonetheless, the superior oxidative stability compared to sulfides comes at the expense of limited stability toward reduction and instability against metallic lithium anodes, which hinders their practical use. In this context, the gradual fluorination of Li2ZrCl6-xFx (0 ≤ x ≤ 1.2) is proposed to enhance the stability toward lithium-metal anodes. The mechanochemically synthesized fluorine-substituted compounds show the expected distorted local structure (M2-M3 site disorder) and significant change in the overall Li-ion migration barrier. Theoretical calculations reveal an approximate minimum energy path for Li2ZrCl6-xFx (x = 0 and 0.5) with an increase in the Li+ migration energy barrier for Li2ZrCl5.5F0.5 in comparison to Li2ZrCl6. However, it is found that the fluorine-substituted compound exhibits substantially lower polarization after 800 h of lithium stripping and plating owing to enhanced interfacial stability against the lithium metal, as revealed by density functional theory and ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thanks to the formation of a fluorine-rich passivating interphase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Ganesan
- Helmholtz
Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstrasse 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Mervyn Soans
- Helmholtz
Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstrasse 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Musa Ali Cambaz
- Helmholtz
Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstrasse 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ramon Zimmermanns
- Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ritambhara Gond
- Department
of Chemistry-Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 538, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefan Fuchs
- Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Yang Hu
- Helmholtz
Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstrasse 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sebastian Baumgart
- Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, Ulm University, Oberberghof 7, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Mohsen Sotoudeh
- Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, Ulm University, Oberberghof 7, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Dominik Stepien
- Helmholtz
Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstrasse 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Helge Stein
- Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Axel Groß
- Helmholtz
Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstrasse 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, Ulm University, Oberberghof 7, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Dominic Bresser
- Helmholtz
Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstrasse 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alberto Varzi
- Helmholtz
Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstrasse 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Maximilian Fichtner
- Helmholtz
Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstrasse 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
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44
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Singh DK, Fuchs T, Krempaszky C, Mogwitz B, Janek J. Non-Linear Kinetics of The Lithium Metal Anode on Li 6 PS 5 Cl at High Current Density: Dendrite Growth and the Role of Lithium Microstructure on Creep. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302521. [PMID: 37221139 PMCID: PMC10401129 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Interfacial instability, viz., pore formation in the lithium metal anode (LMA) during discharge leading to high impedance, current focusing induced solid-electrolyte (SE) fracture during charging, and formation/behaviour of the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI), at the anode, is one of the major hurdles in the development of solid-state batteries (SSBs). Also, understanding cell polarization behaviour at high current density is critical to achieving the goal of fast-charging battery and electric vehicle. Herein, via in situ electrochemical scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements, performed with freshly deposited lithium microelectrodes on transgranularly fractured fresh Li6PS5Cl (LPSCl), the LiǀLPSCl interface kinetics are investigated beyond the linear regime. Even at relatively small overvoltages of a few mV, the LiǀLPSCl interface shows non-linear kinetics. The interface kinetics possibly involve multiple rate-limiting processes, i.e., ion transport across the SEI and SE|SEI interfaces, as well as charge transfer across the LiǀSEI interface. The total polarization resistance RP of the microelectrode interface is determined to be ≈ 0.8 Ω cm2 . It is further shown that the nanocrystalline lithium microstructure can lead to a stable LiǀSE interface via Coble creep along with uniform stripping. Also, spatially resolved lithium deposition, i.e., at grain surface flaws, grain boundaries, and flaw-free surfaces, indicates exceptionally high mechanical endurance of flaw-free surfaces toward cathodic load (>150 mA cm-2 ). This highlights the prominent role of surface defects in dendrite growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dheeraj Kumar Singh
- Institute of Physical ChemistryJustus‐Liebig‐University GiessenHeinrich‐Buff‐Ring 17D‐35392GiessenGermany
- Center for Materials Research (ZfM)Justus‐Liebig‐University GiessenHeinrich‐Buff‐Ring 16D‐35392GiessenGermany
| | - Till Fuchs
- Institute of Physical ChemistryJustus‐Liebig‐University GiessenHeinrich‐Buff‐Ring 17D‐35392GiessenGermany
- Center for Materials Research (ZfM)Justus‐Liebig‐University GiessenHeinrich‐Buff‐Ring 16D‐35392GiessenGermany
| | - Christian Krempaszky
- Institute of Materials Science and Mechanics of MaterialsTechnical University of MunichBoltzmannstrasse 15D‐85748GarchingGermany
| | - Boris Mogwitz
- Institute of Physical ChemistryJustus‐Liebig‐University GiessenHeinrich‐Buff‐Ring 17D‐35392GiessenGermany
- Center for Materials Research (ZfM)Justus‐Liebig‐University GiessenHeinrich‐Buff‐Ring 16D‐35392GiessenGermany
| | - Jürgen Janek
- Institute of Physical ChemistryJustus‐Liebig‐University GiessenHeinrich‐Buff‐Ring 17D‐35392GiessenGermany
- Center for Materials Research (ZfM)Justus‐Liebig‐University GiessenHeinrich‐Buff‐Ring 16D‐35392GiessenGermany
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45
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Liu Y, Wang C, Yoon SG, Han SY, Lewis JA, Prakash D, Klein EJ, Chen T, Kang DH, Majumdar D, Gopalaswamy R, McDowell MT. Aluminum foil negative electrodes with multiphase microstructure for all-solid-state Li-ion batteries. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3975. [PMID: 37463893 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39685-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal negative electrodes that alloy with lithium have high theoretical charge storage capacity and are ideal candidates for developing high-energy rechargeable batteries. However, such electrode materials show limited reversibility in Li-ion batteries with standard non-aqueous liquid electrolyte solutions. To circumvent this issue, here we report the use of non-pre-lithiated aluminum-foil-based negative electrodes with engineered microstructures in an all-solid-state Li-ion cell configuration. When a 30-μm-thick Al94.5In5.5 negative electrode is combined with a Li6PS5Cl solid-state electrolyte and a LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2-based positive electrode, lab-scale cells deliver hundreds of stable cycles with practically relevant areal capacities at high current densities (6.5 mA cm-2). We also demonstrate that the multiphase Al-In microstructure enables improved rate behavior and enhanced reversibility due to the distributed LiIn network within the aluminum matrix. These results demonstrate the possibility of improved all-solid-state batteries via metallurgical design of negative electrodes while simplifying manufacturing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhgene Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Congcheng Wang
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Sun Geun Yoon
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Sang Yun Han
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - John A Lewis
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Dhruv Prakash
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Emily J Klein
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Timothy Chen
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | | | | | | | - Matthew T McDowell
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
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46
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Seymour ID, Quérel E, Brugge RH, Pesci FM, Aguadero A. Understanding and Engineering Interfacial Adhesion in Solid-State Batteries with Metallic Anodes. CHEMSUSCHEM 2023; 16:e202202215. [PMID: 36892133 PMCID: PMC10962603 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202202215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
High performance alkali metal anode solid-state batteries require solid/solid interfaces with fast ion transfer that are morphologically and chemically stable upon electrochemical cycling. Void formation at the alkali metal/solid-state electrolyte interface during alkali metal stripping is responsible for constriction resistances and hotspots that can facilitate dendrite propagation and failure. Both externally applied pressures (35-400 MPa) and temperatures above the melting point of the alkali metal have been shown to improve the interfacial contact with the solid electrolyte, preventing the formation of voids. However, the extreme pressure and temperature conditions required can be difficult to meet for commercial solid-state battery applications. In this review, we highlight the importance of interfacial adhesion or 'wetting' at alkali metal/solid electrolyte interfaces for achieving solid-state batteries that can withstand high current densities without cell failure. The intrinsically poor adhesion at metal/ceramic interfaces poses fundamental limitations on many inorganics solid-state electrolyte systems in the absence of applied pressure. Suppression of alkali metal voids can only be achieved for systems with high interfacial adhesion (i. e. 'perfect wetting') where the contact angle between the alkali metal and the solid-state electrolyte surface goes to θ=0°. We identify key strategies to improve interfacial adhesion and suppress void formation including the adoption of interlayers, alloy anodes and 3D scaffolds. Computational modeling techniques have been invaluable for understanding the structure, stability and adhesion of solid-state battery interfaces and we provide an overview of key techniques. Although focused on alkali metal solid-state batteries, the fundamental understanding of interfacial adhesion discussed in this review has broader applications across the field of chemistry and material science from corrosion to biomaterials development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieuan D. Seymour
- Department of MaterialsImperial College LondonExhibition RoadSW7 2AZLondonUK
| | - Edouard Quérel
- Department of MaterialsImperial College LondonExhibition RoadSW7 2AZLondonUK
| | - Rowena H. Brugge
- Department of MaterialsImperial College LondonExhibition RoadSW7 2AZLondonUK
| | - Federico M. Pesci
- Department of MaterialsImperial College LondonExhibition RoadSW7 2AZLondonUK
| | - Ainara Aguadero
- Department of MaterialsImperial College LondonExhibition RoadSW7 2AZLondonUK
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de MadridCSIC, Cantoblanco28049MadridSpain
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47
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Yang M, Liu Y, Mo Y. Lithium crystallization at solid interfaces. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2986. [PMID: 37225679 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38757-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the electrochemical deposition of metal anodes is critical for high-energy rechargeable batteries, among which solid-state lithium metal batteries have attracted extensive interest. A long-standing open question is how electrochemically deposited lithium-ions at the interfaces with the solid-electrolytes crystalize into lithium metal. Here, using large-scale molecular dynamics simulations, we study and reveal the atomistic pathways and energy barriers of lithium crystallization at the solid interfaces. In contrast to the conventional understanding, lithium crystallization takes multi-step pathways mediated by interfacial lithium atoms with disordered and random-closed-packed configurations as intermediate steps, which give rise to the energy barrier of crystallization. This understanding of multi-step crystallization pathways extends the applicability of Ostwald's step rule to interfacial atom states, and enables a rational strategy for lower-barrier crystallization by promoting favorable interfacial atom states as intermediate steps through interfacial engineering. Our findings open rationally guided avenues of interfacial engineering for facilitating the crystallization in metal electrodes for solid-state batteries and can be generally applicable for fast crystal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghao Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Yunsheng Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Yifei Mo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
- Maryland Energy Innovation Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
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48
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Kim Y, Stepien D, Moon H, Schönherr K, Schumm B, Kuenzel M, Althues H, Bresser D, Passerini S. Artificial Interphase Design Employing Inorganic-Organic Components for High-Energy Lithium-Metal Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:20987-20997. [PMID: 37079779 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
To increase the energy density of today's lithium batteries, it is necessary to develop an anode with higher energy density than graphite or carbon/silicon composites. Hence, research on metallic lithium has gained a steadily increasing momentum. However, the severe safety issues and poor Coulombic efficiency of this highly reactive metal hinder its practical application in lithium-metal batteries (LMBs). Herein, the development of an artificial interphase is reported to enhance the reversibility of the lithium stripping/plating process and suppress the parasitic reactions with the liquid organic carbonate-based electrolyte. This artificial interphase is spontaneously formed by an alloying reaction-based coating, forming a stable inorganic/organic hybrid interphase. The accordingly modified lithium-metal electrodes provide substantially improved cycle life to symmetric Li||Li cells and high-energy Li||LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cells. For these LMBs, 7 μm thick lithium-metal electrodes have been employed while applying a current density of 1.0 mA cm-2, thus highlighting the great potential of this tailored interphase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongil Kim
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstrasse 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (RIST), 100 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, 21985 Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dominik Stepien
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstrasse 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Hyein Moon
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstrasse 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Kay Schönherr
- Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology (IWS), Winterbergstrasse 28, 01277 Dresden, Germany
| | - Benjamin Schumm
- Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology (IWS), Winterbergstrasse 28, 01277 Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias Kuenzel
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstrasse 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Holger Althues
- Fraunhofer Institute for Material and Beam Technology (IWS), Winterbergstrasse 28, 01277 Dresden, Germany
| | - Dominic Bresser
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstrasse 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stefano Passerini
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Helmholtzstrasse 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Chemistry Department, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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49
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Kmiec S, Ruoff E, Darga J, Bodratti A, Manthiram A. Scalable Glass-Fiber-Polymer Composite Solid Electrolytes for Solid-State Sodium-Metal Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:20946-20957. [PMID: 37078742 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report a method for producing a thin (<50 μm), mechanically robust, sodium-ion conducting composite solid electrolyte (CSE) by infiltrating the monomers of polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) and either NaClO4 or NaFSI salt into a silica-based glass-fiber matrix, followed by an UV-initiated in situ polymerization. The glass fiber matrix provided mechanical strength to the CSE and enabled a robust, self-supporting separator. This strategy enabled the development of CSEs with high loadings of PEG as a plasticizer to enhance the ionic conductivity. The fabrication of these CSEs was done under ambient conditions, which was highly scalable and can be easily implemented in roll-to-roll processing. While NaClO4 was found to be unstable with the sodium-metal anode, the use of a NaFSI salt was found to promote stable stripping and plating in a symmetric cell, reaching current densities of as high as 0.67 mA cm-2 at 60 °C. The PEGDA + PEG + NaFSI separators were then used to form solid-state full cells with a cobalt-free, low-nickel layered Na2/3Ni1/3Mn2/3O2 cathode and a sodium-metal anode, achieving a full capacity utilization exhibiting 70% capacity retention after 50 cycles at a cycling rate of C/5 at 60 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Kmiec
- Materials Science and Engineering Program & Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Erick Ruoff
- Materials Science and Engineering Program & Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Joe Darga
- Materials Science and Engineering Program & Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Andrew Bodratti
- Research and Development, Alkegen, 600 Riverwalk Parkway, Suite 120, Tonawanda, New York 14150, United States
| | - Arumugam Manthiram
- Materials Science and Engineering Program & Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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50
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Wang Y, Wang T, Zhao X, Liu J. Non-equilibrium kinetics for improving ionic conductivity in garnet solid electrolyte. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:1324-1331. [PMID: 36722913 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh01311h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state electrolytes (SSEs), as an essential component of all solid-state batteries, exhibit limited ionic conductivity. The fractional occupancy of Li+ ions, regulated by the doping of hetero-valent transition metals, is an important characteristic to enable high Li+ conductivity. However, the structural and kinetic mechanism of this is still unclear, preventing the rational design of higher-conductivity SSEs. Here, taking the typical garnet SSE Li7-xLa3Zr2-xTaxO12 (0≤ x ≤0.625) as an example, we revealed that a Ta5+-doping concentration of x = 0.25 leads to a high amount of non-equilibrium Li+ configurations in the form of [LiO6]-[LiO4]-[VLiO6]. Non-equilibrium configurations induce high off-center shifts and high electrostatic energies of Li+ ions, reducing the activation energy of Li+-ionic transport. As a result, the doping of hetero-valent ions has a great effect on Li+-ionic conductivity through controlling the amount of non-equilibrium Li+ ions. These findings provide important insight into the understanding of ionic transport and pave the way towards optimizing Li+ distribution to improve ionic conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, China.
- Guangdong Fenghua Advanced Technology Holding CO., LTD, No. 18, Fenghua Road, Zhaoqing 526020, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai 200050, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou 310024, China
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