1
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Guo J, Chang A, Xu B. Autocleaving Bonds for Better Drugs. ChemMedChem 2024; 19:e202400130. [PMID: 38553420 PMCID: PMC11219257 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202400130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
While bond formation has historically been the mainstay of medicinal chemistry, the phenomenon of bond cleavage has received less focus. However, the success of numerous oral medications demonstrates the importance of controlled cleavage in prodrugs to achieve desired therapeutic outcomes. Nevertheless, effective strategies to control this cleavage remain limited. This concept article introduces a novel approach: employing peptides as conjugates to drugs to modulate the hydrolysis of these conjugates and enhance drug efficacy. The article begins by briefly outlining common prodrug strategies, followed by a few representative examples of how peptides can be leveraged to control the autohydrolysis of peptide-conjugated prodrugs for bacterial and cancer cell inhibition. Finally, it provides a brief outlook on the future potential of this promising new research direction in molecular medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA, 02454, USA
| | - Annabelle Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA, 02454, USA
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA, 02454, USA
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2
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Tan W, Zhang Q, Lee M, Lau W, Xu B. Enzymatic control of intermolecular interactions for generating synthetic nanoarchitectures in cellular environment. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2024; 25:2373045. [PMID: 39011064 PMCID: PMC11249168 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2024.2373045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Nanoarchitectonics, as a technology to arrange nano-sized structural units such as molecules in a desired configuration, requires nano-organization, which usually relies on intermolecular interactions. This review briefly introduces the development of using enzymatic reactions to control intermolecular interactions for generating artificial nanoarchitectures in a cellular environment. We begin the discussion with the early examples and uniqueness of enzymatically controlled self-assembly. Then, we describe examples of generating intracellular nanostructures and their relevant applications. Subsequently, we discuss cases of forming nanostructures on the cell surface via enzymatic reactions. Following that, we highlight the use of enzymatic reactions for creating intercellular nanostructures. Finally, we provide a summary and outlook on the promises and future direction of this strategy. Our aim is to give an updated introduction to the use of enzymatic reaction in regulating intermolecular interactions, a phenomenon ubiquitous in biology but relatively less explored by chemists and materials scientists. Our goal is to stimulate new developments in this simple and versatile approach for addressing societal needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Qiuxin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Mikki Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, National University ofSingapore, Singapore
| | - William Lau
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
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3
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Leyva-Grado VH, Marin A, Hlushko R, Yunus AS, Promeneur D, Luckay A, Lazaro GG, Hamm S, Dimitrov AS, Broder CC, Andrianov AK. Nano-Assembled Polyphosphazene Delivery System Enables Effective Intranasal Immunization with Nipah Virus Subunit Vaccine. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:4133-4141. [PMID: 38812435 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
The ultimate vaccine against infections caused by Nipah virus should be capable of providing protection at the respiratory tract─the most probable port of entry for this pathogen. Intranasally delivered vaccines, which target nasal-associated lymphoid tissue and induce both systemic and mucosal immunity, are attractive candidates for enabling effective vaccination against this lethal disease. Herein, the water-soluble polyphosphazene delivery vehicle assembles into nanoscale supramolecular constructs with the soluble extracellular portion of the Hendra virus attachment glycoprotein─a promising subunit vaccine antigen against both Nipah and Hendra viruses. These supramolecular constructs signal through Toll-like receptor 7/8 and promote binding interactions with mucin─an important feature of effective mucosal adjuvants. High mass contrast of phosphorus-nitrogen backbone of the polymer enables a successful visualization of nanoconstructs in their vitrified state by cryogenic electron microscopy. Here, we characterize the self-assembly of polyphosphazene macromolecule with biologically relevant ligands by asymmetric flow field flow fractionation, dynamic light scattering, fluorescence spectrophotometry, and turbidimetric titration methods. Furthermore, a polyphosphazene-enabled intranasal Nipah vaccine candidate demonstrates the ability to induce immune responses in hamsters and shows superiority in inducing total IgG and neutralizing antibodies when benchmarked against the respective clinical stage alum adjuvanted vaccine. The results highlight the potential of polyphosphazene-enabled nanoassemblies in the development of intranasal vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor H Leyva-Grado
- Auro Vaccines LLC, 401 Middletown Rd. Bldg. 205, Pearl River, New York 10965, United States
| | - Alexander Marin
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Raman Hlushko
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Abdul S Yunus
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Dominique Promeneur
- Auro Vaccines LLC, 401 Middletown Rd. Bldg. 205, Pearl River, New York 10965, United States
| | - Amara Luckay
- Auro Vaccines LLC, 401 Middletown Rd. Bldg. 205, Pearl River, New York 10965, United States
| | - Glorie G Lazaro
- Auro Vaccines LLC, 401 Middletown Rd. Bldg. 205, Pearl River, New York 10965, United States
| | - Stefan Hamm
- Auro Vaccines LLC, 401 Middletown Rd. Bldg. 205, Pearl River, New York 10965, United States
| | - Antony S Dimitrov
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States
| | - Christopher C Broder
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States
| | - Alexander K Andrianov
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
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4
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Liu J, Eastep GN, Cvirkaite-Krupovic V, Rich-New ST, Kreutzberger MAB, Egelman EH, Krupovic M, Wang F. Two distinct archaeal type IV pili structures formed by proteins with identical sequence. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5049. [PMID: 38877064 PMCID: PMC11178852 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45062-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Type IV pili (T4P) represent one of the most common varieties of surface appendages in archaea. These filaments, assembled from small pilin proteins, can be many microns long and serve diverse functions, including adhesion, biofilm formation, motility, and intercellular communication. Here, we determine atomic structures of two distinct adhesive T4P from Saccharolobus islandicus via cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). Unexpectedly, both pili were assembled from the same pilin polypeptide but under different growth conditions. One filament, denoted mono-pilus, conforms to canonical archaeal T4P structures where all subunits are equivalent, whereas in the other filament, the tri-pilus, the same polypeptide exists in three different conformations. The three conformations in the tri-pilus are very different from the single conformation found in the mono-pilus, and involve different orientations of the outer immunoglobulin-like domains, mediated by a very flexible linker. Remarkably, the outer domains rotate nearly 180° between the mono- and tri-pilus conformations. Both forms of pili require the same ATPase and TadC-like membrane pore for assembly, indicating that the same secretion system can produce structurally very different filaments. Our results show that the structures of archaeal T4P appear to be less constrained and rigid than those of the homologous archaeal flagellar filaments that serve as helical propellers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Liu
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Archaeal Virology Unit, Paris, France
| | - Gunnar N Eastep
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Shane T Rich-New
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mark A B Kreutzberger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Edward H Egelman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| | - Mart Krupovic
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Archaeal Virology Unit, Paris, France.
| | - Fengbin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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5
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Deshmukh AP, Zheng W, Chuang C, Bailey AD, Williams JA, Sletten EM, Egelman EH, Caram JR. Near-atomic-resolution structure of J-aggregated helical light-harvesting nanotubes. Nat Chem 2024; 16:800-808. [PMID: 38316987 PMCID: PMC11088501 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01432-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Cryo-electron microscopy has delivered a resolution revolution for biological self-assemblies, yet only a handful of structures have been solved for synthetic supramolecular materials. Particularly for chromophore supramolecular aggregates, high-resolution structures are necessary for understanding and modulating the long-range excitonic coupling. Here, we present a 3.3 Å structure of prototypical biomimetic light-harvesting nanotubes derived from an amphiphilic cyanine dye (C8S3-Cl). Helical 3D reconstruction directly visualizes the chromophore packing that controls the excitonic properties. Our structure clearly shows a brick layer arrangement, revising the previously hypothesized herringbone arrangement. Furthermore, we identify a new non-biological supramolecular motif-interlocking sulfonates-that may be responsible for the slip-stacked packing and J-aggregate nature of the light-harvesting nanotubes. This work shows how independently obtained native-state structures complement photophysical measurements and will enable accurate understanding of (excitonic) structure-function properties, informing materials design for light-harvesting chromophore aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arundhati P Deshmukh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Weili Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Chern Chuang
- Chemical Physics Theory Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Austin D Bailey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jillian A Williams
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ellen M Sletten
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Edward H Egelman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Justin R Caram
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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6
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Shao BR, Ren BH, Jiang WF, Shi L. Synthesis of Helical-Shaped Axially Chiral Bisoxime Ethers via Chiral Phosphoric-Acid-Catalyzed Sequential Enantioselective Condensations. Org Lett 2024; 26:2646-2650. [PMID: 38530907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
A successful synthesis of helical-shaped axially chiral bisoxime ethers is reported. This approach utilized symmetric L-shaped diketone scaffolds as carbonyl components for the enantioselective condensation with hydroxylamines, delivering dual axially chiral oxime ethers with up to 99% ee. Additionally, the axially chiral mono-oxime ethers of azabicyclic ketones with high ee's were also successfully produced. Various chiral bicyclic lactams can be readily synthesized via Beckmann rearrangement, demonstrating a potential application in organic synthetic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Ru Shao
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Bai-Hao Ren
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Feng Jiang
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Lei Shi
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
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7
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Fields JL, Zhang H, Bellis NF, Petersen HA, Halder SK, Rich-New ST, Wu H, Wang F. Structural diversity and clustering of bacterial flagellar outer domains. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.18.585621. [PMID: 38562817 PMCID: PMC10983879 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.18.585621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Supercoiled flagellar filaments function as mechanical propellers within the bacterial flagellum complex, playing a crucial role in motility. Flagellin, the building block of the filament, features a conserved inner D0/D1 core domain across different bacterial species. In contrast, approximately half of the flagellins possess additional, highly divergent outer domain(s), suggesting varied functional potential. In this study, we elucidate atomic structures of flagellar filaments from three distinct bacterial species: Cupriavidus gilardii , Stenotrophomonas maltophilia , and Geovibrio thiophilus . Our findings reveal that the flagella from the facultative anaerobic G. thiophilus possesses a significantly more negatively charged surface, potentially enabling adhesion to positively charged minerals. Furthermore, we analyzed all AlphaFold predicted structures for annotated bacterial flagellins, categorizing the flagellin outer domains into 682 structural clusters. This classification provides insights into the prevalence and experimental verification of these outer domains. Remarkably, two of the flagellar structures reported herein belong to a previously unexplored cluster, indicating new opportunities on the study of the functional diversity of flagellar outer domains. Our findings underscore the complexity of bacterial flagellins and open up possibilities for future studies into their varied roles beyond motility.
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8
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Hlushko R, Pozharski E, Prabhu VM, Andrianov AK. Directly visualizing individual polyorganophosphazenes and their single-chain complexes with proteins. COMMUNICATIONS MATERIALS 2024; 5:36. [PMID: 38817739 PMCID: PMC11139433 DOI: 10.1038/s43246-024-00476-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Polyorganophosphazenes are water-soluble macromolecules with immunoadjuvant activity that self-assemble with proteins to enable biological functionality. Direct imaging by cryogenic electron microscopy uncovers the coil structure of those highly charged macromolecules. The successful visualization of individual polymer chains within the vitrified state is achieved in the absence of additives for contrast enhancement and is attributed to the high mass contrast of the inorganic backbone. Upon assembly with proteins, multiple protein copies bind at the single polymer chain level resulting in structures reminiscent of compact spherical complexes or stiffened coils. The outcome depends on protein characteristics and cannot be deduced by commonly used characterization techniques, such as light scattering, thus revealing direct morphological insights crucial for understanding biological activity. Atomic force microscopy supports the morphology outcomes while advanced analytical techniques confirm protein-polymer binding. The chain visualization methodology provides tools for gaining insights into the processes of supramolecular assembly and mechanistic aspects of polymer enabled vaccine delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raman Hlushko
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States of America
| | - Edwin Pozharski
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States of America
| | - Vivek M. Prabhu
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology‡, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States of America
| | - Alexander K. Andrianov
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States of America
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9
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Sonani RR, Bianco S, Dietrich B, Doutch J, Draper ER, Adams DJ, Egelman EH. Atomic structures of naphthalene dipeptide micelles unravel mechanisms of assembly and gelation. CELL REPORTS. PHYSICAL SCIENCE 2024; 5:101812. [PMID: 38464674 PMCID: PMC10922087 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrp.2024.101812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Peptide-based biopolymers have gained increasing attention due to their versatile applications. A naphthalene dipeptide (2NapFF) can form chirality-dependent tubular micelles, leading to supramolecular gels. The precise molecular arrangement within these micelles and the mechanism governing gelation have remained enigmatic. We determined, at near-atomic resolution, cryoelectron microscopy structures of the 2NapFF micelles LL-tube and LD-tube, generated by the stereoisomers (l,l)-2NapFF and (l,d)-2NapFF, respectively. The structures reveal that the fundamental packing of dipeptides is driven by the systematic π-π stacking of aromatic rings and that same-charge repulsion between the carbonyl groups is responsible for the stiffness of both tubes. The structural analysis elucidates how a single residue's altered chirality gives rise to markedly distinct tubular structures and sheds light on the mechanisms underlying the pH-dependent gelation of LL- and LD-tubes. The understanding of dipeptide packing and gelation mechanisms provides insights for the rational design of 2NapFF derivatives, enabling the modulation of micellar dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi R. Sonani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Simona Bianco
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ Glasgow, UK
| | - Bart Dietrich
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ Glasgow, UK
| | - James Doutch
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, OX11 0QX Didcot, UK
| | - Emily R. Draper
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ Glasgow, UK
| | - Dave J. Adams
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ Glasgow, UK
| | - Edward H. Egelman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Lead contact
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10
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Qiao Y, Wu G, Liu Z, He H, Tan W, Xu B. Assessment of the Enzymatic Dephosphorylation Kinetics in the Assemblies of a Phosphopentapeptide that Forms Intranuclear Nanoribbons. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:1310-1318. [PMID: 38265878 PMCID: PMC11071069 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Although the formation of peptide assemblies catalyzed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) has received increasing attention in inhibiting cancer cells, the detailed enzyme kinetics of the dephosphorylation of the corresponding phosphopeptide assemblies have yet to be determined. We recently discovered that assemblies from a phosphopentapeptide can form intracellular nanoribbons that kill induced pluripotent stem cells or osteosarcoma cells, but the kinetics of enzymatic dephosphorylation remain unknown. Thus, we chose to examine the enzyme kinetics of the dephosphorylation of the phosphopentapeptide [NBD-LLLLpY (1)] from concentrations below to above its critical micelle concentration (CMC). Our results show that the phosphopeptide exhibits a CMC of 75 μM in phosphate saline buffer, and the apparent Vmax and Km values of alkaline phosphatase catalyzed dephosphorylation are approximately 0.24 μM/s and 5.67 mM, respectively. Despite dephosphorylation remaining incomplete at 60 min in all the concentrations tested, dephosphorylation of the phosphopeptide at concentrations of 200 μM or above mainly results in nanoribbons, dephosphorylation at concentrations of CMC largely produces nanofibers, and dephosphorylation below the CMC largely generates nanoparticles. Moreover, the formation of nanoribbons correlates with the intranuclear accumulation of the pentapeptide. By providing the first examination of the enzymatic kinetics of phosphopeptide assemblies, this work further supports the notion that the assemblies of phosphopentapeptides can act as a new functional entity for controlling cell fates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Qiao
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Grace Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Zhiyu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Hongjian He
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Weiyi Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454, United States
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11
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Kavčič L, Kežar A, Koritnik N, Žnidarič MT, Klobučar T, Vičič Ž, Merzel F, Holden E, Benesch JLP, Podobnik M. From structural polymorphism to structural metamorphosis of the coat protein of flexuous filamentous potato virus Y. Commun Chem 2024; 7:14. [PMID: 38233506 PMCID: PMC10794713 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01100-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The structural diversity and tunability of the capsid proteins (CPs) of various icosahedral and rod-shaped viruses have been well studied and exploited in the development of smart hybrid nanoparticles. However, the potential of CPs of the wide-spread flexuous filamentous plant viruses remains to be explored. Here, we show that we can control the shape, size, RNA encapsidation ability, symmetry, stability and surface functionalization of nanoparticles through structure-based design of CP from potato virus Y (PVY). We provide high-resolution insight into CP-based self-assemblies, ranging from large polymorphic or monomorphic filaments to smaller annular, cubic or spherical particles. Furthermore, we show that we can prevent CP self-assembly in bacteria by fusion with a cleavable protein, enabling controlled nanoparticle formation in vitro. Understanding the remarkable structural diversity of PVY CP not only provides possibilities for the production of biodegradable nanoparticles, but may also advance future studies of CP's polymorphism in a biological context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Kavčič
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- PhD Program 'Chemical Sciences', Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andreja Kežar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Neža Koritnik
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- PhD Program 'Biomedicine', Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Magda Tušek Žnidarič
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tajda Klobučar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- PhD Program 'Biosciences', Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Žiga Vičič
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Franci Merzel
- Theory Department, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ellie Holden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Justin L P Benesch
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Marjetka Podobnik
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nanobiotechnology, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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12
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Andrianov A, Hlushko R, Pozharski E, Prabhu V. Cryo-EM and AFM visualize linear polyorganophosphazene: individual chains and single-chain assemblies with proteins. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3411603. [PMID: 37961436 PMCID: PMC10635375 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3411603/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Polyorganophosphazenes are biodegradable macromolecules with potent immunoadjuvant activity that self-assemble with protein antigens to provide biological activity. Direct imaging by cryogenic electron microscopy reveals the coil structure of the highly-charged high molecular mass synthetic polyorganophosphazenes within the vitrified state without any additives for contrast enhancement for the first time. Upon mixing with protein antigens under a controlled stoichiometric ratio, multiple proteins bind at the single chain level revealing a structural change reminiscent of compact spherical complexes or stiffened coils depending on the bound protein antigen. The structural outcome depends on the protein charge density that cannot be deduced by methods, such as dynamic light scattering, thus revealing direct morphological insight necessary to understand in vivo biological activity. Complementary atomic force microscopy supports the binding morphology outcomes as well as additional analytical techniques that indicate binding. These observations open opportunities to understand supramolecular assembly of proteins and other biomacromolecules at the single chain level with highly charged polyelectrolytes for vaccines as well as important to developing fields such as polyelectrolyte complex coacervation.
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13
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Guo J, Rich-New ST, Liu C, Huang Y, Tan W, He H, Yi M, Zhang X, Egelman EH, Wang F, Xu B. Hierarchical Assembly of Intrinsically Disordered Short Peptides. Chem 2023; 9:2530-2546. [PMID: 38094164 PMCID: PMC10715794 DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2023.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The understanding on how short peptide assemblies transit from disorder to order remains limited due to the lack of atomistic structures. Here we report cryo-EM structure of the nanofibers short intrinsically disordered peptides (IDPs). Upon lowering pH or adding calcium ions, the IDP transitions from individual nanoparticles to nanofibers containing an aromatic core and a disordered periphery comprised of 2 to 5 amino acids. Protonating the phosphate or adding more metal ions further assembles the nanofibers into filament bundles. The assemblies of the IDP analogs with controlled chemistry, such as phosphorylation site, hydrophobic interactions, and sequences indicate that metal ions interact with the flexible periphery of the nanoparticles of the IDPs to form fibrils and enhance the interfibrillar interactions to form filament bundles. Illustrating that an IDP self-assembles from disorder to order, this work offers atomistic molecular insights to understand assemblies of short peptides driven by noncovalent interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Shane T. Rich-New
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Chen Liu
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yimeng Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Weiyi Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Hongjian He
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Meihui Yi
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Xixiang Zhang
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Edward H. Egelman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Fengbin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
- Lead contact
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14
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Qiao Y, Xu B. Peptide Assemblies for Cancer Therapy. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202300258. [PMID: 37380607 PMCID: PMC10613339 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular assemblies made by the self-assembly of peptides are finding an increasing number of applications in various fields. While the early exploration of peptide assemblies centered on tissue engineering or regenerative medicine, the recent development has shown that peptide assemblies can act as supramolecular medicine for cancer therapy. This review covers the progress of applying peptide assemblies for cancer therapy, with the emphasis on the works appeared over the last five years. We start with the introduction of a few seminal works on peptide assemblies, then discuss the combination of peptide assemblies with anticancer drugs. Next, we highlight the use of enzyme-controlled transformation or shapeshifting of peptide assemblies for inhibiting cancer cells and tumors. After that, we provide the outlook for this exciting field that promises new kind of therapeutics for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Qiao
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02454, USA
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02454, USA
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15
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Liu J, Eastep GN, Cvirkaite-Krupovic V, Rich-New ST, Kreutzberger MAB, Egelman EH, Krupovic M, Wang F. Two dramatically distinct archaeal type IV pili structures formed by the same pilin. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.07.552285. [PMID: 37609343 PMCID: PMC10441282 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.07.552285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Type IV pili (T4P) represent one of the most common varieties of surface appendages in archaea. These filaments, assembled from relatively small pilin proteins, can be many microns long and serve diverse functions, including adhesion, biofilm formation, motility, and intercellular communication. Using cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), we determined atomic structures of two dramatically different T4P from Saccharolobus islandicus REY15A. Unexpectedly, both pili were assembled from the same pilin protein but under different growth conditions. One filament, denoted mono-pilus, conforms to canonical archaeal T4P structures where all subunits are equivalent, whereas in the other filament, the tri-pilus, the same protein exists in three different conformations. The three conformations involve different orientations of the outer immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domains, mediated by a very flexible linker, and all three of these conformations are very different from the single conformation found in the mono-pilus. Remarkably, the outer domains rotate nearly 180° between the mono- and tri-pilus conformations, formally similar to what has been shown for outer domains in bacterial flagellar filaments, despite lack of homology between bacterial flagella and archaeal T4P. Interestingly, both forms of pili require the same ATPase and TadC-like membrane pore for assembly, indicating that the same secretion system can produce structurally very different filaments. However, the expression of the ATPase and TadC genes was significantly different under the conditions yielding mono- and tri-pili. While archaeal T4P are homologs of archaeal flagellar filaments, our results show that in contrast to the rigid supercoil that the flagellar filaments must adopt to serve as helical propellers, archaeal T4P are likely to have fewer constraints on their structure and enjoy more internal degrees of freedom.
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16
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Sanchez JC, Montemayor EJ, Ploscariu NT, Parrell D, Baumgardt JK, Yang JE, Sibert B, Cai K, Wright ER. Atomic-level architecture of Caulobacter crescentus flagellar filaments provide evidence for multi-flagellin filament stabilization. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.10.548443. [PMID: 37503001 PMCID: PMC10369909 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.10.548443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Flagella are dynamic, ion-powered machines with assembly pathways that are optimized for efficient flagella production. In bacteria, dozens of genes are coordinated at specific times in the cell lifecycle to generate each component of the flagellum. This is the case for Caulobacter crescentus, but little is known about why this species encodes six different flagellin genes. Furthermore, little is known about the benefits multi-flagellin species possess over single flagellin species, if any, or what molecular properties allow for multi-flagellin filaments to assemble. Here we present an in-depth analysis of several single flagellin filaments from C. crescentus, including an extremely well-resolved structure of a bacterial flagellar filament. We highlight key molecular interactions that differ between each bacterial strain and speculate how these interactions may alleviate or impose helical strain on the overall architecture of the filament. We detail conserved residues within the flagellin subunit that allow for the synthesis of multi-flagellin filaments. We further comment on how these molecular differences impact bacterial motility and highlight how no single flagellin filament achieves wild-type levels of motility, suggesting C. crescentus has evolved to produce a filament optimized for motility comprised of six flagellins. Finally, we highlight an ordered arrangement of glycosylation sites on the surface of the filaments and speculate how these sites may protect the β-hairpin located on the surface exposed domain of the flagellin subunit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C. Sanchez
- Biophysics Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
- Biotechnology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Eric J. Montemayor
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | | | - Daniel Parrell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
| | - Joseph K. Baumgardt
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
| | - Jie E. Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
- Cryo-Electron Microscopy Research Center, UW-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Midwest Center for Cryo-Electron Tomography, Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
| | - Bryan Sibert
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
- Cryo-Electron Microscopy Research Center, UW-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Midwest Center for Cryo-Electron Tomography, Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
| | - Kai Cai
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
- Cryo-Electron Microscopy Research Center, UW-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Midwest Center for Cryo-Electron Tomography, Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
| | - Elizabeth R. Wright
- Biophysics Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
- Biotechnology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706
- DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
- Cryo-Electron Microscopy Research Center, UW-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- Midwest Center for Cryo-Electron Tomography, Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA
- Morgridge Institute for Research, UW-Madison, Madison, WI, 53715, USA
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17
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Silva JL, Foguel D, Ferreira VF, Vieira TCRG, Marques MA, Ferretti GDS, Outeiro TF, Cordeiro Y, de Oliveira GAP. Targeting Biomolecular Condensation and Protein Aggregation against Cancer. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37379327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Biomolecular condensates, membrane-less entities arising from liquid-liquid phase separation, hold dichotomous roles in health and disease. Alongside their physiological functions, these condensates can transition to a solid phase, producing amyloid-like structures implicated in degenerative diseases and cancer. This review thoroughly examines the dual nature of biomolecular condensates, spotlighting their role in cancer, particularly concerning the p53 tumor suppressor. Given that over half of the malignant tumors possess mutations in the TP53 gene, this topic carries profound implications for future cancer treatment strategies. Notably, p53 not only misfolds but also forms biomolecular condensates and aggregates analogous to other protein-based amyloids, thus significantly influencing cancer progression through loss-of-function, negative dominance, and gain-of-function pathways. The exact molecular mechanisms underpinning the gain-of-function in mutant p53 remain elusive. However, cofactors like nucleic acids and glycosaminoglycans are known to be critical players in this intersection between diseases. Importantly, we reveal that molecules capable of inhibiting mutant p53 aggregation can curtail tumor proliferation and migration. Hence, targeting phase transitions to solid-like amorphous and amyloid-like states of mutant p53 offers a promising direction for innovative cancer diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerson L Silva
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Debora Foguel
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Vitor F Ferreira
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Tuane C R G Vieira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Mayra A Marques
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Giulia D S Ferretti
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Tiago F Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, U.K
- Scientific employee with an honorary contract at Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yraima Cordeiro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Guilherme A P de Oliveira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
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18
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Yu T, Luo X, Prendergast D, Butterfoss GL, Rad B, Balsara NP, Zuckermann RN, Jiang X. Structural Elucidation of a Polypeptoid Chain in a Crystalline Lattice Reveals Key Morphology-Directing Role of the N-Terminus. ACS NANO 2023; 17:4958-4970. [PMID: 36821346 PMCID: PMC10018772 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c12503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The ability to engineer synthetic polymers with the same structural precision as biomacromolecules is crucial to enable the de novo design of robust nanomaterials with biomimetic function. Peptoids, poly(N-substituted) glycines, are a highly controllable bio-inspired polymer family that can assemble into a variety of functional, crystalline nanostructures over a wide range of sequences. Extensive investigation on the molecular packing in these lattices has been reported; however, many key atomic-level details of the molecular structure remain underexplored. Here, we use cryo-TEM 3D reconstruction to directly visualize the conformation of an individual polymer chain within a peptoid nanofiber lattice in real space at 3.6 Å resolution. The backbone in the N-decylglycine hydrophobic core is shown to clearly adopt an extended, all-cis-sigma strand conformation, as previously suggested in many peptoid lattice models. We also show that packing interactions (covalent and noncovalent) at the solvent-exposed N-termini have a dominant impact on the local chain ordering and hence the ability of the chains to pack into well-ordered lattices. Peptoids in pure water form fibers with limited growth in the a direction (<14 molecules in width), whereas in the presence of formamide, they grow to over microns in length in the a direction. This dependence points to the significant role of the chain terminus in determining the long-range order in the packing of peptoid lattices and provides an opportunity to modulate lattice stability and nanoscale morphology by the addition of exogenous small molecules. These findings help resolve a major challenge in the de novo structure-based design of sequence-defined biomimetic nanostructures based on crystalline domains and should accelerate the design of functional nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Yu
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Molecular
Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Xubo Luo
- Molecular
Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - David Prendergast
- Molecular
Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Glenn L. Butterfoss
- Center
for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York
University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Behzad Rad
- Molecular
Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Nitash P. Balsara
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ronald N. Zuckermann
- Molecular
Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Xi Jiang
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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19
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Chang L, Wang F, Connolly K, Meng H, Su Z, Cvirkaite-Krupovic V, Krupovic M, Egelman EH, Si D. DeepTracer-ID: De novo protein identification from cryo-EM maps. Biophys J 2022; 121:2840-2848. [PMID: 35769006 PMCID: PMC9388381 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent revolution in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has made it possible to determine macromolecular structures directly from cell extracts. However, identifying the correct protein from the cryo-EM map is still challenging and often needs additional sequence information from other techniques, such as tandem mass spectrometry and/or bioinformatics. Here, we present DeepTracer-ID, a server-based approach to identify the candidate protein in a user-provided organism de novo from a cryo-EM map, without the need for additional information. Our method first uses DeepTracer to generate a protein backbone model that best represents the cryo-EM map, and this model is then searched against the library of AlphaFold2 predictions for all proteins in the given organism. This method is highly accurate and robust for high-resolution cryo-EM maps: in all 13 experimental maps tested blindly, DeepTracer-ID identified the correct proteins as the top candidates. Eight of the maps were of known structures, while the other five unpublished maps were validated by prior protein annotation and careful inspection of the model refined into the map. The program also showed promising results for both homomeric and heteromeric protein complexes. This platform is possible because of the recent breakthroughs in large-scale three-dimensional protein structure prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Chang
- Division of Computing and Software Systems, University of Washington Bothell, Bothell, Washington
| | - Fengbin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia.
| | - Kiernan Connolly
- Division of Computing and Software Systems, University of Washington Bothell, Bothell, Washington
| | - Hanze Meng
- Department of Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Zhangli Su
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | - Mart Krupovic
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR6047, Archaeal Virology Unit, Paris, France
| | - Edward H Egelman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia.
| | - Dong Si
- Division of Computing and Software Systems, University of Washington Bothell, Bothell, Washington.
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20
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Yi M, Wang F, Tan W, Hsieh JT, Egelman EH, Xu B. Enzyme Responsive Rigid-Rod Aromatics Target "Undruggable" Phosphatases to Kill Cancer Cells in a Mimetic Bone Microenvironment. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:13055-13059. [PMID: 35849554 PMCID: PMC9339482 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bone metastasis remains a challenge in cancer treatment. Here we show enzymatic responsive rigid-rod aromatics acting as the substrates of "undruggable" phosphatases to kill cancer cells in a mimetic bone microenvironment. By phosphorylation and conjugating nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD) to hydroxybiphenylcarboxylate (BP), we obtained pBP-NBD (1P) as a substrate of both acid and alkaline phosphatases. 1P effectively kills both metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer cells (mCRPCs) and osteoblast mimic cells in their coculture. 1P enters Saos2 almost instantly to target the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of the cells. Co-culturing with Saos2 cells boosts the cellular uptake of 1P by mCRPCs. Cryo-EM reveals the nanotube structures of both 1P (2.4 Å resolution, pH 5.6) and 1 (2.2 Å resolution, pH 7.4). The helical packing of both nanotubes is identical, held together by strong pi-stacking interactions. Besides reporting the atomistic structure of nanotubes formed by the assembly of rigid-rod aromatics, this work expands the pool of molecules for designing EISA substrates that selectively target TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihui Yi
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Fengbin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Weiyi Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
| | - Jer-Tsong Hsieh
- Department of Urology, Southwestern Medical Center, University of Texas, Dallas, Texas 75235, United States
| | - Edward H Egelman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, United States
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, Massachusetts 02453, United States
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21
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Archaeal bundling pili of Pyrobaculum calidifontis reveal similarities between archaeal and bacterial biofilms. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2207037119. [PMID: 35727984 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2207037119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
While biofilms formed by bacteria have received great attention due to their importance in pathogenesis, much less research has been focused on the biofilms formed by archaea. It has been known that extracellular filaments in archaea, such as type IV pili, hami, and cannulae, play a part in the formation of archaeal biofilms. We have used cryo-electron microscopy to determine the atomic structure of a previously uncharacterized class of archaeal surface filaments from hyperthermophilic Pyrobaculum calidifontis. These filaments, which we call archaeal bundling pili (ABP), assemble into highly ordered bipolar bundles. The bipolar nature of these bundles most likely arises from the association of filaments from at least two different cells. The component protein, AbpA, shows homology, both at the sequence and structural level, to the bacterial protein TasA, a major component of the extracellular matrix in bacterial biofilms, contributing to biofilm stability. We show that AbpA forms very stable filaments in a manner similar to the donor-strand exchange of bacterial TasA fibers and chaperone-usher pathway pili where a β-strand from one subunit is incorporated into a β-sheet of the next subunit. Our results reveal likely mechanistic similarities and evolutionary connection between bacterial and archaeal biofilms, and suggest that there could be many other archaeal surface filaments that are as yet uncharacterized.
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22
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Phenol-soluble modulins PSMα3 and PSMβ2 form nanotubes that are cross-α amyloids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2121586119. [PMID: 35533283 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2121586119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs) are peptide-based virulence factors that play significant roles in the pathogenesis of staphylococcal strains in community-associated and hospital-associated infections. In addition to cytotoxicity, PSMs display the propensity to self-assemble into fibrillar species, which may be mediated through the formation of amphipathic conformations. Here, we analyze the self-assembly behavior of two PSMs, PSMα3 and PSMβ2, which are derived from peptides expressed by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), a significant human pathogen. In both cases, we observed the formation of a mixture of self-assembled species including twisted filaments, helical ribbons, and nanotubes, which can reversibly interconvert in vitro. Cryo–electron microscopy structural analysis of three PSM nanotubes, two derived from PSMα3 and one from PSMβ2, revealed that the assemblies displayed remarkably similar structures based on lateral association of cross-α amyloid protofilaments. The amphipathic helical conformations of PSMα3 and PSMβ2 enforced a bilayer arrangement within the protofilaments that defined the structures of the respective PSMα3 and PSMβ2 nanotubes. We demonstrate that, similar to amyloids based on cross-β protofilaments, cross-α amyloids derived from these PSMs display polymorphism, not only in terms of the global morphology (e.g., twisted filament, helical ribbon, and nanotube) but also with respect to the number of protofilaments within a given peptide assembly. These results suggest that the folding landscape of PSM derivatives may be more complex than originally anticipated and that the assemblies are able to sample a wide range of supramolecular structural space.
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23
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Miller JG, Hughes SA, Modlin C, Conticello VP. Structures of synthetic helical filaments and tubes based on peptide and peptido-mimetic polymers. Q Rev Biophys 2022; 55:1-103. [PMID: 35307042 DOI: 10.1017/s0033583522000014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSynthetic peptide and peptido-mimetic filaments and tubes represent a diverse class of nanomaterials with a broad range of potential applications, such as drug delivery, vaccine development, synthetic catalyst design, encapsulation, and energy transduction. The structures of these filaments comprise supramolecular polymers based on helical arrangements of subunits that can be derived from self-assembly of monomers based on diverse structural motifs. In recent years, structural analyses of these materials at near-atomic resolution (NAR) have yielded critical insights into the relationship between sequence, local conformation, and higher-order structure and morphology. This structural information offers the opportunity for development of new tools to facilitate the predictable and reproduciblede novodesign of synthetic helical filaments. However, these studies have also revealed several significant impediments to the latter process – most notably, the common occurrence of structural polymorphism due to the lability of helical symmetry in structural space. This article summarizes the current state of knowledge on the structures of designed peptide and peptido-mimetic filamentous assemblies, with a focus on structures that have been solved to NAR for which reliable atomic models are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessalyn G Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA30322
| | - Spencer A Hughes
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA30322
| | - Charles Modlin
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, GA30322
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