1
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Gonzalez M, Guberman-Pfeffer MJ, Koone JC, Dashnaw CM, Lato TJ, Shaw BF. Proton-coupled electron transfer at a mis-metalated zinc site detected with protein charge ladders. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:22870-22881. [PMID: 39193659 PMCID: PMC11350471 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01989j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Distinguishing proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) from uncoupled electron transfer (ET) in proteins can be challenging. A recent investigation [J. C. Koone, M. Simmang, D. L. Saenger, M. L. Hunsicker-Wang and B. F. Shaw, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 145, 16488-16497] reported that protein charge ladders and capillary electrophoresis can distinguish between single ET, PCET, and two-proton coupled ET (2PCET) by directly measuring the change in protein net charge upon reduction/oxidation (ΔZET). The current study used similar methods to assess PCET in zinc-free, "double copper" superoxide dismutase-1 (4Cu-SOD1), where one copper is bound at the copper site of each monomer and one copper is bound at the bridging zinc site, resulting in a quasi-type III Cu center. At pH 7.4, the net charge (Z) of the 4Cu-SOD1 dimer was unaffected by reduction of all four Cu2+ ions, i.e., ΔZ4ET = -0.09 ± 0.05 per dimer (-0.02 ± 0.01 per copper atom). These values suggest that PCET is taking place at all four Cu atoms of the homodimer. Molecular dynamics and Poisson-Boltzmann calculations suggest that a metal-coordinating histidine at the zinc site (His71) is the proton acceptor. These data show how ligands of a naturally occurring zinc site can help facilitate PCET when the right redox metal is bound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayte Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA.
| | | | - Jordan C Koone
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA.
| | - Chad M Dashnaw
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA.
| | - Travis J Lato
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA.
| | - Bryan F Shaw
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA.
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2
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Shen GB, Luo GZ, Qian BC, Zhu XQ. Evaluation of Organic Hydride/Acid Pairs as a Type of Thermodynamic-Potential-Regulated Multisite Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer Reagents. J Org Chem 2024; 89:6205-6221. [PMID: 38632842 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Organic hydride/acid pairs have been reported as multisite proton-coupled electron transfer (MS-PCET) reagents in reductive MS-PCET reactions recently. Since the key step for an organic hydride/acid pair acting as an MS-PCET reagent is a chemical process of the organic hydride/acid pair releasing a formal hydrogen atom, the bond dissociation free energy of the organic hydride/acid pair releasing a formal hydrogen atom is a valuable thermodynamic parameter for objectively evaluating the thermodynamic potential for an organic hydride/acid pair to act as an MS-PCET reagent. Now, organic hydride/acid pairs of 216 organic hydrides have been demonstrated to be a potential type of thermodynamically potential-regulated MS-PCET reagent. Without a doubt, organic hydride/acid pairs reflect the change of N-substituted organic hydrides from simple hydride reductants to thermodynamically-regulated MS-PCET reagents, which could significantly expand the availability of novel MS-PCET reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Bin Shen
- College of Medical Engineering, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, P. R. China
| | - Guang-Ze Luo
- College of Medical Engineering, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, P. R. China
| | - Bao-Chen Qian
- College of Medical Engineering, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Qing Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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3
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Sonea A, Crudo NR, Warren JJ. Understanding the Interplay of the Brønsted Acidity of Catalyst Ancillary Groups and the Solution Components in Iron-porphyrin-Mediated Carbon Dioxide Reduction. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:3721-3731. [PMID: 38307036 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The rapid and efficient conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) to carbon monoxide (CO) is an ongoing challenge. Catalysts based on iron-porphyrin cores have emerged as excellent electrochemical mediators of the two proton + two electron reduction of CO2 to CO, and many of the design features that promote function are known. Of those design features, the incorporation of Brønsted acids in the second coordination sphere of the iron ion has a significant impact on catalyst turnover kinetics. The Brønsted acids are often in the form of hydroxyphenyl groups. Herein, we explore how the acidity of an ancillary 2-hydroxyphenyl group affects the performance of CO2 reduction electrocatalysts. A series of meso-5,10,15,20-tetraaryl porphyrins were prepared where only the functional group at the 5-meso position has an ionizable proton. A series of cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiments reveal that the complex with -OMe positioned para to the ionizable -OH shows the largest CO2 reduction rate constants in acetonitrile solvent. This is the least acidic -OH of the compounds surveyed. The turnover frequency of the -OMe derivative can be further improved with the addition of 4-trifluoromethylphenol to the solution. In contrast, the iron-porphyrin complex with -CF3 positioned opposite the ionizable -OH shows the smallest CO2 reduction rate constants, and its turnover frequency is less enhanced with the addition of phenols to the reaction solutions. The origin of this effect is rationalized based on kinetic isotope effect experiments and density functional calculations. We conclude that catalysts with weaker internal acids coupled with stronger external acid additives provide superior CO2 reduction kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sonea
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Nicholas R Crudo
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Jeffrey J Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
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4
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Qian BC, Wang X, Wang Q, Zhu XQ, Shen GB. Thermodynamic evaluations of the acceptorless dehydrogenation and hydrogenation of pre-aromatic and aromatic N-heterocycles in acetonitrile. RSC Adv 2024; 14:222-232. [PMID: 38173608 PMCID: PMC10758765 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08022f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
N-heterocycles are important chemical hydrogen-storage materials, and the acceptorless dehydrogenation and hydrogenation of N-heterocycles as organic hydrogen carriers have been widely studied, with the main focus on the catalyst synthesis and design, investigation of the redox mechanisms, and extension of substrate scope. In this work, the Gibbs free energies of the dehydrogenation of pre-aromatic N-heterocycles (YH2) and the hydrogenation of aromatic N-heterocycles (Y), i.e., ΔGH2R(YH2) and ΔGH2A(Y), were derived by constructing thermodynamic cycles using Hess' law. The thermodynamic abilities for the acceptorless dehydrogenation and hydrogenation of 78 pre-aromatic N-heterocycles (YH2) and related 78 aromatic N-heterocycles (Y) were well evaluated and discussed in acetonitrile. Moreover, the applications of the two thermodynamic parameters in identifying pre-aromatic N-heterocycles possessing reversible dehydrogenation and hydrogenation properties and the selection of the pre-aromatic N-heterocyclic hydrogen reductants in catalytic hydrogenation were considered and are discussed in detail. Undoubtedly, this work focuses on two new thermodynamic parameters of pre-aromatic and aromatic N-heterocycles, namely ΔGH2R(YH2) and ΔGH2A(Y), which are important supplements to our previous work to offer precise insights into the chemical hydrogen storage and hydrogenation reactions of pre-aromatic and aromatic N-heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Chen Qian
- College of Medical Engineering, Jining Medical University Jining Shandong 272000 P. R. China
| | - Xiao Wang
- College of Medical Engineering, Jining Medical University Jining Shandong 272000 P. R. China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Medical Engineering, Jining Medical University Jining Shandong 272000 P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Qing Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Guang-Bin Shen
- College of Medical Engineering, Jining Medical University Jining Shandong 272000 P. R. China
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Radtke V, Priester D, Heering A, Müller C, Koslowski T, Leito I, Krossing I. The Unified Redox Scale for All Solvents: Consistency and Gibbs Transfer Energies of Electrolytes from their Constituent Single Ions. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300609. [PMID: 37191477 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We have devised the unified redox scale Eabs H2O , which is valid for all solvents. The necessary single ion Gibbs transfer energy between two different solvents, which only can be determined with extra-thermodynamic assumptions so far, must clearly satisfy two essential conditions: First, the sum of the independent cation and anion values must give the Gibbs transfer energy of the salt they form. The latter is an observable and measurable without extra-thermodynamic assumptions. Second, the values must be consistent for different solvent combinations. With this work, potentiometric measurements on silver ions and on chloride ions show that both conditions are fulfilled using a salt bridge filled with the ionic liquid [N2225 ][NTf2 ]: if compared to the values resulting from known pKL values, the silver and chloride single ion magnitudes combine within a uncertainty of 1.5 kJ mol-1 to the directly measurable transfer magnitudes of the salt AgCl from water to the solvents acetonitrile, propylene carbonate, dimethylformamide, ethanol, and methanol. The resulting values are used to further develop the consistent unified redox potential scale Eabs H2O that now allows to assess and compare redox potentials in and over six different solvents. We elaborate on its implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Radtke
- Institut für Anorganische und, Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Denis Priester
- Institut für Anorganische und, Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Agnes Heering
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a Str, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Carina Müller
- Institut für Anorganische und, Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Koslowski
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ivo Leito
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a Str, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und, Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
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Huang X, Song M, Zhang J, Shen T, Luo G, Wang D. Recent Advances of Electrocatalyst and Cell Design for Hydrogen Peroxide Production. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:86. [PMID: 37029260 PMCID: PMC10082148 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01044-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical synthesis of H2O2 via a selective two-electron oxygen reduction reaction has emerged as an attractive alternative to the current energy-consuming anthraquinone process. Herein, the progress on electrocatalysts for H2O2 generation, including noble metal, transition metal-based, and carbon-based materials, is summarized. At first, the design strategies employed to obtain electrocatalysts with high electroactivity and high selectivity are highlighted. Then, the critical roles of the geometry of the electrodes and the type of reactor in striking a balance to boost the H2O2 selectivity and reaction rate are systematically discussed. After that, a potential strategy to combine the complementary properties of the catalysts and the reactor for optimal selectivity and overall yield is illustrated. Finally, the remaining challenges and promising opportunities for high-efficient H2O2 electrochemical production are highlighted for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, 438000, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Song
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Shen
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanyu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Deli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Oelschlegel M, Hua SA, Schmid L, Marquetand P, Bäck A, Borter JH, Lücken J, Dechert S, Wenger OS, Siewert I, Schwarzer D, González L, Meyer F. Luminescent Iridium Complexes with a Sulfurated Bipyridine Ligand: PCET Thermochemistry of the Disulfide Unit and Photophysical Properties. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:13944-13955. [PMID: 36001121 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Molecular systems combining light harvesting and charge storage are receiving great attention in the context of, for example, artificial photosynthesis and solar fuel generation. As part of ongoing efforts to develop new concepts for photoinduced proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) reactivities, we report a cyclometallated iridium(III) complex [Ir(ppy)2(S-Sbpy)](PF6) ([1]PF6) equipped with our previously developed sulfurated bipyridine ligand S-Sbpy. A new one-step synthetic protocol for S-Sbpy is developed, starting from commercially available 2,2'-bipyridine, which significantly facilitates the use of this ligand. [1]+ features a two-electron reduction with potential inversion (|E1| > |E2|) at moderate potentials (E1 = -1.12, E2 = -1.11 V versus. Fc+/0 at 253 K), leading to a dithiolate species [1]-. Protonation with weak acids allows for determination of pKa = 23.5 in MeCN for the S-H···S- unit of [1H]. The driving forces for both the H atom and the hydride transfer are calculated to be ∼60 kcal mol-1 and verified experimentally by reaction with a suitable H atom and a hydride acceptor, demonstrating the ability of [1]+ to serve as a versatile PCET reagent, albeit with limited thermal stability. In MeCN solution, an orange emission for [1]PF6 from a triplet-excited state was found. Density functional calculations and ultrafast absorption spectroscopy are used to give insight into the excited-state dynamics of the complex and suggest a significantly stretched S-S bond for the lowest triplet-state T1. The structural responsiveness of the disulfide unit is proposed to open an effective relaxation channel toward the ground state, explaining the unexpectedly short lifetime of [1]+. These insights as well as the quantitative ground-state thermochemistry data provide valuable information for the use of S-Sbpy-functionalized complexes and their disulfide-/dithiol-directed PCET reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Oelschlegel
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstr. 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Shao-An Hua
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstr. 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lucius Schmid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, CH-4056Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Marquetand
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 17, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Bäck
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 17, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan-Hendrik Borter
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max-Planck-Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Faßberg 11, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jana Lücken
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstr. 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dechert
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstr. 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver S Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, CH-4056Basel, Switzerland
| | - Inke Siewert
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstr. 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Schwarzer
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max-Planck-Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Am Faßberg 11, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Leticia González
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 17, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Franc Meyer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Göttingen, Tammannstr. 4, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany.,International Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion (ICASEC), D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
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8
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Waniek SD, Heine C, Zorn D, Lieberth T, Lauck M, Förster C, Heinze K. Dicobaltocenium Amine–Proton, Electron, and H Atom Transfer. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sven D. Waniek
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10−14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christian Heine
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10−14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Dimitri Zorn
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10−14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Taro Lieberth
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10−14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Maximilian Lauck
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10−14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Förster
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10−14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Katja Heinze
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10−14, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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9
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Zhou A, Cao X, Chen H, Sun D, Zhao Y, Nam W, Wang Y. The chameleon-like nature of elusive cobalt-oxygen intermediates in C-H bond activation reactions. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:4317-4323. [PMID: 35212349 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00224h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
High-valence metal-oxo (M-O, M = Fe, Mn, etc.) species are well-known reaction intermediates that are responsible for a wide range of pivotal oxygenation reactions and water oxidation reactions in metalloenzymes. Although extensive efforts have been devoted to synthesizing and identifying such complexes in biomimetic studies, the structure-function relationship and related reaction mechanisms of these reaction intermediates remain elusive, especially for the cobalt-oxygen species. In the present manuscript, the calculated results demonstrate that the tetraamido macrocycle ligated cobalt complex, Co(O)(TAML) (1), behaves like a chameleon: the electronic structure varies from a cobalt(III)-oxyl species to a cobalt(IV)-oxo species when a Lewis acid Sc3+ salt coordinates or an acidic hydrocarbon attacks 1. The dichotomous correlation between the reaction rates of C-H bond activation by 1 and the bond dissociation energy (BDE) vs. the acidity (pKa) was rationalized for the first time by different reaction mechanisms: for normal C-H bond activation, the Co(III)-oxyl species directly activates the C-H bond via a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) mechanism, whereas for acidic C-H bond activation, the Co(III)-oxyl species evolves to a Co(IV)-oxo species to increase the basicity of the oxygen to activate the acidic C-H bond, via a novel PCET(PT) mechanism (proton-coupled electron transfer with a PT(proton-transfer)-like transition state). These theoretical findings will enrich the knowledge of biomimetic metal-oxygen chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anran Zhou
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China. .,Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xuanyu Cao
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China. .,Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Huanhuan Chen
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China. .,Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Dongru Sun
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China. .,Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yufen Zhao
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China. .,Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Wonwoo Nam
- Department of Chemistry and Nano Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
| | - Yong Wang
- Institute of Drug Discovery Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China. .,Qian Xuesen Collaborative Research Center of Astrochemistry and Space Life Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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10
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Agarwal RG, Coste SC, Groff BD, Heuer AM, Noh H, Parada GA, Wise CF, Nichols EM, Warren JJ, Mayer JM. Free Energies of Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer Reagents and Their Applications. Chem Rev 2021; 122:1-49. [PMID: 34928136 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We present an update and revision to our 2010 review on the topic of proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) reagent thermochemistry. Over the past decade, the data and thermochemical formalisms presented in that review have been of value to multiple fields. Concurrently, there have been advances in the thermochemical cycles and experimental methods used to measure these values. This Review (i) summarizes those advancements, (ii) corrects systematic errors in our prior review that shifted many of the absolute values in the tabulated data, (iii) provides updated tables of thermochemical values, and (iv) discusses new conclusions and opportunities from the assembled data and associated techniques. We advocate for updated thermochemical cycles that provide greater clarity and reduce experimental barriers to the calculation and measurement of Gibbs free energies for the conversion of X to XHn in PCET reactions. In particular, we demonstrate the utility and generality of reporting potentials of hydrogenation, E°(V vs H2), in almost any solvent and how these values are connected to more widely reported bond dissociation free energies (BDFEs). The tabulated data demonstrate that E°(V vs H2) and BDFEs are generally insensitive to the nature of the solvent and, in some cases, even to the phase (gas versus solution). This Review also presents introductions to several emerging fields in PCET thermochemistry to give readers windows into the diversity of research being performed. Some of the next frontiers in this rapidly growing field are coordination-induced bond weakening, PCET in novel solvent environments, and reactions at material interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi G Agarwal
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Scott C Coste
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Benjamin D Groff
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Abigail M Heuer
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Hyunho Noh
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Giovanny A Parada
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States.,Department of Chemistry, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey 08628, United States
| | - Catherine F Wise
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Eva M Nichols
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Jeffrey J Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - James M Mayer
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
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