1
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Bork H, Naße KE, Vorholt AJ, Gröger H. Merging High-Pressure Syngas Metal Catalysis and Biocatalysis in Tandem One-Pot Processes for the Synthesis of Nonchiral and Chiral Alcohols from Alkenes in Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401989. [PMID: 38628134 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
While simultaneously proceeding reactions are among the most fascinating features of biosynthesis, this concept of tandem processes also offers high potential in the chemical industry in terms of less waste production and improved process efficiency and sustainability. Although examples of one-pot chemoenzymatic syntheses exist, the combination of completely different reaction types is rare. Herein, we demonstrate that extreme "antipodes" of the "worlds of catalysis", such as syngas-based high-pressure hydroformylation and biocatalyzed reduction, can be combined within a tandem-type one-pot process in water. No significant deactivation was found for either the biocatalyst or the chemocatalyst. A proof-of-concept for the one-pot process starting from 1-octene was established with >99 % conversion and 80 % isolated yield of the desired alcohol isomers. All necessary components for hydroformylation and biocatalysis were added to the reactor from the beginning. This concept has been extended to the enantioselective synthesis of chiral products by conducting the hydroformylation of styrene and an enzymatic dynamic kinetic resolution in a tandem mode, leading to an excellent conversion of >99 % and an enantiomeric ratio of 91 : 9 for (S)-2-phenylpropanol. The overall process runs in water under mild and energy-saving conditions, without any need for intermediate isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Bork
- Chair of Industrial Organic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Kim E Naße
- Department of Molecular Catalysis, Group Multiphase Catalysis, MPI for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Andreas J Vorholt
- Department of Molecular Catalysis, Group Multiphase Catalysis, MPI for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Harald Gröger
- Chair of Industrial Organic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
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2
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Carceller JM, Arias KS, Climent MJ, Iborra S, Corma A. One-pot chemo- and photo-enzymatic linear cascade processes. Chem Soc Rev 2024. [PMID: 38965865 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00595j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
The combination of chemo- and photocatalyses with biocatalysis, which couples the flexible reactivity of the photo- and chemocatalysts with the highly selective and environmentally friendly nature of enzymes in one-pot linear cascades, represents a powerful tool in organic synthesis. However, the combination of photo-, chemo- and biocatalysts in one-pot is challenging because the optimal operating conditions of the involved catalyst types may be rather different, and the different stabilities of catalysts and their mutual deactivation are additional problems often encountered in one-pot cascade processes. This review explores a large number of transformations and approaches adopted for combining enzymes and chemo- and photocatalytic processes in a successful way to achieve valuable chemicals and valorisation of biomass. Moreover, the strategies for solving incompatibility issues in chemo-enzymatic reactions are analysed, introducing recent examples of the application of non-conventional solvents, enzyme-metal hybrid catalysts, and spatial compartmentalization strategies to implement chemo-enzymatic cascade processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Carceller
- Instituto de Tecnología Química (Universitat Politècnica de València-Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Avda dels Tarongers s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
| | - K S Arias
- Instituto de Tecnología Química (Universitat Politècnica de València-Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Avda dels Tarongers s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
| | - M J Climent
- Instituto de Tecnología Química (Universitat Politècnica de València-Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Avda dels Tarongers s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
| | - S Iborra
- Instituto de Tecnología Química (Universitat Politècnica de València-Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Avda dels Tarongers s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
| | - A Corma
- Instituto de Tecnología Química (Universitat Politècnica de València-Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Avda dels Tarongers s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
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3
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Zhao H, Zhang J, Liu Y, Liu X, Ma L, Zhou L, Gao J, Liu G, Yue X, Jiang Y. Molecular Engineering and Morphology Control of Covalent Organic Frameworks for Enhancing Activity of Metal-Enzyme Cascade Catalysis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400730. [PMID: 38654621 PMCID: PMC11220694 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Metal-enzyme integrated catalysts (MEICs) that combine metal and enzyme offer great potential for sustainable chemoenzymatic cascade catalysis. However, rational design and construction of optimal microenvironments and accessible active sites for metal and enzyme in individual nanostructures are necessary but still challenging. Herein, Pd nanoparticles (NPs) and Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) are co-immobilized into the pores and surfaces of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with tunable functional groups, affording Pd/COF-X/CALB (X = ONa, OH, OMe) MEICs. This strategy can regulate the microenvironment around Pd NPs and CALB, and their interactions with substrates. As a result, the activity of the COF-based MEICs in catalyzing dynamic kinetic resolution of primary amines is enhanced and followed COF-OMe > COF-OH > COF-ONa. The experimental and simulation results demonstrated that functional groups of COFs modulated the conformation of CALB, the electronic states of Pd NPs, and the affinity of the integrated catalysts to the substrate, which contributed to the improvement of the catalytic activity of MEICs. Further, the MEICs are prepared using COF with hollow structure as support material, which increased accessible active sites and mass transfer efficiency, thus improving catalytic performance. This work provides a blueprint for rational design and preparation of highly active MEICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhao
- National‐Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation in Chemical Process Integration and Resources UtilizationSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyHebei University of TechnologyTianjin300401China
| | - Jialin Zhang
- National‐Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation in Chemical Process Integration and Resources UtilizationSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyHebei University of TechnologyTianjin300401China
| | - Yunting Liu
- National‐Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation in Chemical Process Integration and Resources UtilizationSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyHebei University of TechnologyTianjin300401China
| | - Xinlong Liu
- National‐Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation in Chemical Process Integration and Resources UtilizationSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyHebei University of TechnologyTianjin300401China
| | - Li Ma
- National‐Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation in Chemical Process Integration and Resources UtilizationSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyHebei University of TechnologyTianjin300401China
| | - Liya Zhou
- National‐Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation in Chemical Process Integration and Resources UtilizationSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyHebei University of TechnologyTianjin300401China
| | - Jing Gao
- National‐Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation in Chemical Process Integration and Resources UtilizationSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyHebei University of TechnologyTianjin300401China
| | - Guanhua Liu
- National‐Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation in Chemical Process Integration and Resources UtilizationSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyHebei University of TechnologyTianjin300401China
| | - Xiaoyang Yue
- National‐Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation in Chemical Process Integration and Resources UtilizationSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyHebei University of TechnologyTianjin300401China
| | - Yanjun Jiang
- National‐Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation in Chemical Process Integration and Resources UtilizationSchool of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyHebei University of TechnologyTianjin300401China
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4
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Gröger H, Horino S, Kanomata K, Akai S. Strategies to Design Chemocatalytic Racemization of Tertiary Alcohols: State of the Art & Utilization for Dynamic Kinetic Resolution. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202304028. [PMID: 38580616 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of enantiomerically pure tertiary alcohols is an important issue in organic synthesis of a range of pharmaceuticals including molecules such as the anti-HIV drug Efavirenz. A conceptually elegant approach to such enantiomers is the dynamic kinetic resolution of racemic tertiary alcohols, which, however, requires efficient racemization strategies. The racemization of tertiary alcohols is particularly challenging due to various side reactions that can occur because of their high tendency for elimination reactions. In the last few years, several complementary catalytic concepts for racemization of tertiary alcohols have been developed, characterized by efficient racemization and suppression of unwanted side-reactions. Besides resins bearing sulfonic acid moieties and a combination of boronic acid and oxalic acid as heterogeneous and homogeneous Brønsted-acids, respectively, immobilized oxovanadium and piperidine turned out to be useful catalysts. The latter two catalysts, which have already been applied to different types of substrates, also have proven good compatibility with lipase, thus leading to the first two examples of chemoenzymatic dynamic kinetic resolution of tertiary alcohols. In this review, the difficulties in racemizing tertiary alcohols are specifically described, and the recently developed complementary concepts to overcome these hurdles are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Gröger
- Chair of Industrial Organic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoshi Horino
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kyohei Kanomata
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shuji Akai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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5
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Bernhard LM, Zelenska K, Takashima M, Arisawa M, Murai K, Gröger H. Enantioselective Synthesis of Secondary Amines by Combining Oxidative Rearrangement and Biocatalysis in a One-Pot Process. J Org Chem 2024; 89:8513-8520. [PMID: 38836638 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
This contribution describes the development of chemoenzymatic one-pot processes, which combine an oxidative rearrangement and a biotransformation catalyzed by an imine reductase (IRED), for the synthesis of highly enantiomerically enriched secondary amines, such as an aryl-substituted pyrrolidine and a benzazepine. The benefits of this chemoenzymatic one-pot approach include high overall conversions (up to >99%), high enantiomeric excesses (up to >99% ee), and a straightforward synthetic approach toward secondary amines without the need to isolate the formed intermediate. For the initial chemical reaction, namely, the oxidative rearrangement, PhI(OAc)2 in methanol is used as a non-natural reagent, whereas the enzymatic step requires only stoichiometric amounts of d-glucose along with catalytic amounts of IRED, glucose dehydrogenase (GDH), and the cofactor NADPH. This methodology, demonstrating the compatibility of a "classic" organic synthesis using a non-natural, highly reactive reagent and a subsequent biocatalytic step, can be applied for different amines as substrates, thus making this concept a versatile tool in synthetic organic chemistry in general and for enantioselective synthesis of heterocyclic secondary amines in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Bernhard
- Chair of Industrial Organic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Kateryna Zelenska
- Chair of Industrial Organic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Mirei Takashima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Arisawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kenichi Murai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Harald Gröger
- Chair of Industrial Organic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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6
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Deng M, Yang J, Kong Z, Li Y, Wang Q, Liu H, Deng SZ, Li N. Manganese/Enzyme Sequential Catalytic Pathway for the Production of Optically Active γ-Functionalized Alcohols. J Org Chem 2024; 89:9103-9109. [PMID: 38842047 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
A brief, practical catalytic process for the production of optically active γ-functionalized alcohols from relevant alkenes has been developed by using a robust Mn(III)/air/(Me2SiH)2O catalytic system combined with lipase-catalyzed kinetic resolution. This approach demonstrates exceptional tolerance toward proximal functional groups present on alkenes, enabling the achievement of high yields and exclusive enantioselectivity. Under this sequential catalytic system, the chiral alkene precursors can also be converted into γ-functionalized alcohols and related acetates as separable single enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Deng
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan Province 471934, China
| | - Jiaqi Yang
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan Province 471934, China
| | - Zhiyi Kong
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan Province 471934, China
| | - Yaning Li
- College of Food and Drug, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan Province 471934, China
| | - Quanpeng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan Province 471934, China
| | - Huan Liu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan Province 471023, China
| | - Shu-Zhen Deng
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan Province 471023, China
| | - Nan Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan Province 471934, China
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7
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Salitra N, Gurauskis J, Gröger H. Design of 3D-Printed Heterogeneous Reactor Systems To Overcome Incompatibility Hurdles when Combining Metal and Enzyme Catalysis in a One-Pot Process. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316760. [PMID: 38217774 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Combining chemo- and biocatalysis enables the design of novel economic and sustainable one-pot processes for the preparation of industrial chemicals, preferably proceeding in water. While a range of proofs-of-concept for the compatibility of such catalysts from these two different "worlds of catalysis" have recently been demonstrated, merging noncompatible chemo- and biocatalysts for joint applications within one reactor remained a challenge. A conceptual solution is compartmentalization of the catalytic moieties by heterogenization of critical catalyst components, thus "shielding" them from the complementary noncompatible catalyst, substrate or reagent. Exemplified for a one-pot process consisting of a metal-catalyzed Wacker oxidation and enzymatic reduction as noncompatible individual reactions steps, we demonstrate that making use of 3D printing of heterogeneous materials containing Cu as a critical metal component can overcome such incompatibility hurdles. The application of a 3D-printed Cu-ceramic device as metal catalyst component allows an efficient combination with the enzyme and the desired two-step transformation of styrene into the chiral alcohol product with high overall conversion and excellent enantioselectivity. This compartmentalization concept based on 3D printing of heterogenized metal catalysts represents a scalable methodology and opens up numerous perspectives to be used as a general tool also for other related chemoenzymatic research challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadiya Salitra
- Chair of Industrial Organic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
- AENEAM Advanced Membrane Technologies SL, Calle Café Florian 14, 50021, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jonas Gurauskis
- AENEAM Advanced Membrane Technologies SL, Calle Café Florian 14, 50021, Zaragoza, Spain
- INMA, Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (CSIC-Unizar), Calle Mariano Esquillor 15, Edificio CIRCE, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
- ARAID, Fundacion Agencia Aragonesa para la Investigacion y Desarollo, Av. de Ranillas 1D, planta 2ª, oficina B, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Harald Gröger
- Chair of Industrial Organic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
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8
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Hussain A, Parveen F, Saxena A, Ashfaque M. A review of nanotechnology in enzyme cascade to address challenges in pre-treating biomass. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132466. [PMID: 38761904 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has become a revolutionary technique for improving the preliminary treatment of lignocellulosic biomass in the production of biofuels. Traditional methods of pre-treatment have encountered difficulties in effectively degrading the intricate lignocellulosic composition, thereby impeding the conversion of biomass into fermentable sugars. Nanotechnology has enabled the development of enzyme cascade processes that present a potential solution for addressing the limitations. The focus of this review article is to delve into the utilization of nanotechnology in the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass through enzyme cascade processes. The review commences with an analysis of the composition and structure of lignocellulosic biomass, followed by a discussion on the drawbacks associated with conventional pre-treatment techniques. The subsequent analysis explores the importance of efficient pre-treatment methods in the context of biofuel production. We thoroughly investigate the utilization of nanotechnology in the pre-treatment of enzyme cascades across three distinct sections. Nanomaterials for enzyme immobilization, enhanced enzyme stability and activity through nanotechnology, and nanocarriers for controlled enzyme delivery. Moreover, the techniques used to analyse nanomaterials and the interactions between enzymes and nanomaterials are introduced. This review emphasizes the significance of comprehending the mechanisms underlying the synergy between nanotechnology and enzymes establishing sustainable and environmentally friendly nanotechnology applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akhtar Hussain
- Lignocellulose & Biofuel Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Fouziya Parveen
- Lignocellulose & Biofuel Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ayush Saxena
- Lignocellulose & Biofuel Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohammad Ashfaque
- Lignocellulose & Biofuel Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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9
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Zhang Q, Li Y, Chen Y, Jiang J, Liu Y, Luo J, Gao Y, Huo Y, Chen Q, Li X. Ru(II)-Catalyzed Divergent C-H Alkynylation Cascade with Bifunctional α-Alcohol Haloalkynes. Org Lett 2024; 26:2186-2191. [PMID: 38452270 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c00283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Native functionality directed the C-H activation cascade to enable rapid construction of molecular complexity, featuring step-economy and synthetic efficiency. Herein, by exploiting bifunctional α-alcohol haloalkynes, we developed Ru(II)-catalyzed carboxylic acid, amine, and amide assisted divergent C-H alkynylation and annulation cascade, affording polyfunctional heterocycles. Significantly, a bilateral aryl C-H polycyclization cascade of azobenzenes was achieved using the versatile haloalkynes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoya Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yinling Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yabo Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiahua Jiang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiye Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yang Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yanping Huo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qian Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xianwei Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Mou K, Guo Y, Xu W, Li D, Wang Z, Wu Q. Stereodivergent Protein Engineering of Fatty Acid Photodecarboxylase for Light-Driven Kinetic Resolution of Sec-Alcohol Oxalates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318374. [PMID: 38195798 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Stereodivergent engineering of one enzyme to create stereocomplementary variants for synthesizing optically pure molecules with tailor-made (R) or (S) configurations on an optional basis is highly desirable and challenging. This study aimed to engineer fatty acid photodecarboxylase from Chlorella variabilis (CvFAP) using the focused rational iterative site-specific mutagenesis (FRISM) strategy to obtain two highly stereocomplementary variants with excellent selectivity (both giving products with up to 99 % e.e.). These variants were used for the CvFAP-catalyzed light-driven kinetic resolution of oxalates or oxamic acids prepared from the corresponding sec-alcohols or amines, providing a new biotransformation process for preparing chiral sec-alcohols and amines. Molecular dynamics simulation, kinetic data and transient spectra revealed the source of selectivity. This study represents the first example of the kinetic resolution of sec-alcohols or amines catalyzed by a pair of stereocomplementary CvFAPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaihao Mou
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yue Guo
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Weihua Xu
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Danyang Li
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhiguo Wang
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Center of Chemistry for Frontier Technologies, Department of Chemistry, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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11
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Terholsen H, Schmidt S. Cell-free chemoenzymatic cascades with bio-based molecules. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2024; 85:103058. [PMID: 38154324 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2023.103058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
For the valorization of various bio-based feedstocks, the combination of different catalytic systems with biocatalysis in chemoenzymatic cascades has been shown to have high potential. However, the development of such integrated catalytic systems is often limited by catalyst incompatibility. Therefore, incorporating novel catalytic concepts into the chemoenzymatic valorization of bio-based feedstocks is currently of great interest. This article provides an overview of the methods/approaches used to advance the development of chemoenzymatic cascades for the catalytic upgrading of bio-based feedstocks. It specifically focuses on recent developments in the combination of enzymes with organo- and chemocatalysis. Furthermore, current applications and future perspectives of integrating novel catalytic systems such as photo- and electrocatalysis toward new synthetic routes for the utilization of the often highly functionalized bio-based compounds are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Terholsen
- University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Dept. of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sandy Schmidt
- University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Dept. of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, the Netherlands.
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12
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Zhang Y, Wang J, Guo Y, Liu S, Shen X. Carbonyl Olefin Metathesis and Dehydrogenative Cyclization of Aromatic Ketones and gem-Difluoroalkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023:e202315269. [PMID: 38065839 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The beauty of one-pot cascade reaction lies in the efficient disconnection and construction of several bonds in a single reaction flask, without the isolation of any intermediates. Herein, we report the first photoinduced thermally promoted cascade reactions of readily available aromatic ketones and aromatic gem-difluoroalkenes for the synthesis of phenanthrenes which possess potential utility in drug design and materials science. The reaction combines carbonyl-olefin metathesis (cascade photoinduced [2+2] cyclization and thermally controlled retro [2+2] cyclization) and dehydrogenative cyclization (cascade photoinduced conrotatory 6π electrocyclization and collidine-promoted dehydrogenative aromatization) together in one pot. The oxidant-free, acid-free and metal-free reaction shows broad substrate scope and wide functional group tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiao Zhang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Wuhan University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Wuhan University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Youyuan Guo
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Wuhan University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Wuhan University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Xiao Shen
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, 299 Bayi Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Wuhan University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
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Buller R, Lutz S, Kazlauskas RJ, Snajdrova R, Moore JC, Bornscheuer UT. From nature to industry: Harnessing enzymes for biocatalysis. Science 2023; 382:eadh8615. [PMID: 37995253 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh8615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Biocatalysis harnesses enzymes to make valuable products. This green technology is used in countless applications from bench scale to industrial production and allows practitioners to access complex organic molecules, often with fewer synthetic steps and reduced waste. The last decade has seen an explosion in the development of experimental and computational tools to tailor enzymatic properties, equipping enzyme engineers with the ability to create biocatalysts that perform reactions not present in nature. By using (chemo)-enzymatic synthesis routes or orchestrating intricate enzyme cascades, scientists can synthesize elaborate targets ranging from DNA and complex pharmaceuticals to starch made in vitro from CO2-derived methanol. In addition, new chemistries have emerged through the combination of biocatalysis with transition metal catalysis, photocatalysis, and electrocatalysis. This review highlights recent key developments, identifies current limitations, and provides a future prospect for this rapidly developing technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Buller
- Competence Center for Biocatalysis, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland
| | - S Lutz
- Codexis Incorporated, Redwood City, CA 94063, USA
| | - R J Kazlauskas
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Biotechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - R Snajdrova
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Global Discovery Chemistry, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - J C Moore
- MRL, Merck & Co., Rahway, NJ 07065, USA
| | - U T Bornscheuer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Dept. of Biotechnology and Enzyme Catalysis, Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany
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