1
|
Deng S, Li Z, Yuan L, Shen J, Zeng H. Light-Powered Propeller-like Transporter for Boosted Transmembrane Ion Transport. NANO LETTERS 2024. [PMID: 39177063 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Membrane-active molecular machines represent a recently emerging, yet important line of expansion in the field of artificial transmembrane transporters. Their hitherto demonstrated limited types (molecular swing, ion fishers, shuttlers, rotors, etc.) certainly call for new inspiring developments. Here, we report a very first motorized ion-transporting carrier-type transporter, i.e., a modularly tunable, light-powered propeller-like transporter derived from Feringa's molecular motor for consistently boosting transmembrane ion transport under continuous UV light irradiation. Based on the EC50 values, the molecular propeller-mediated ion transport activities under UV light irradiation for 300 s are 2.31, 1.74, 2.29, 2.80, and 2.92 times those values obtained without irradiation for Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, and Cs+ ions, respectively, with EC50 value as low as 0.71 mol % for K+ ion under light irradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaowen Deng
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, Hunan 425100, China
| | - Zhongyan Li
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou, Hunan 425100, China
| | - Jie Shen
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| | - Huaqiang Zeng
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350116, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kar MK, Mahata R, Srimayee S, Haloi N, Kumar R, Lindahl E, Santra MK, Manna D. β-Carboline-based light and pH dual stimuli-responsive ion transporters induce cancer cell death. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:8419-8422. [PMID: 39028297 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02232g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Light and pH dual-responsive ion transporters offer better applicability for cancer due to higher tunability and low cytotoxicity. Herein, we demonstrate the development of pH-responsive β-carboline-based ionophores and photocleavable-linker appended β-carboline-based proionophores to facilitate the controlled transport of Cl- across membranes, leading to apoptotic and autophagic cancer cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mrinal Kanti Kar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam-781039, India
| | - Rumpa Mahata
- National Centre for Cell Science, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Soumya Srimayee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam-781039, India
| | - Nandan Haloi
- Department of Applied Physics, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Tomtebodavägen 23, Solna, SE-17165, Sweden
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science for Life, Laboratory, Stockholm University, Tomtebodavägen 23, Solna, SE-17165, Sweden
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam-781039, India
| | - Erik Lindahl
- Department of Applied Physics, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Tomtebodavägen 23, Solna, SE-17165, Sweden
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science for Life, Laboratory, Stockholm University, Tomtebodavägen 23, Solna, SE-17165, Sweden
| | | | - Debasis Manna
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam-781039, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shao B, Fu H, Aprahamian I. A molecular anion pump. Science 2024; 385:544-549. [PMID: 39088617 DOI: 10.1126/science.adp3506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
Pumping ions against a concentration gradient through protein-based transporters is a cornerstone of numerous biological processes. Mimicking this function by using artificial receptors remains a daunting challenge, mainly because of the difficulties in balancing between the requirement for high binding affinities and precise and on-demand ion capture and release properties. We report a trimeric hydrazone photoswitch-based receptor that converts light energy into work by actively transporting chloride anion against a gradient through a dichloromethane liquid membrane, functioning as a molecular pump. The system manifests ease of synthesis, bistability, excellent photoswitching properties, and superb ON-OFF binding properties (difference of up to six orders of magnitude).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baihao Shao
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Heyifei Fu
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Ivan Aprahamian
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Johnson TG, Sadeghi-Kelishadi A, Langton MJ. Length dependent reversible off-on activation of photo-switchable relay anion transporters. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:7160-7163. [PMID: 38910566 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02603a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
A homologous series of azobenzene-derived photo-switchable ion relay transporters is reported. We reveal that both the length and geometry of the relay strongly affect transport rate, allowing the relative activity of the E and Z isomers to be reversed and hence the wavelengths of light used for on and off switching to be exchanged.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toby G Johnson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ahmad M, Johnson TG, Flerin M, Duarte F, Langton MJ. Responsive Anionophores with AND Logic Multi-Stimuli Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403314. [PMID: 38517056 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Artificial ion transport systems have emerged as an important class of compounds that promise applications in chemotherapeutics as anticancer agents or to treat channelopathies. Stimulus-responsive systems that offer spatiotemporally controlled activity for targeted applications remain rare. Here we utilize dynamic hydrogen bonding interactions of a 4,6-dihydroxy-isophthalamide core to generate a modular platform enabling access to stimuli-responsive ion transporters that can be activated in response to a wide variety of external stimuli, including light, redox, and enzymes, with excellent OFF-ON activation profiles. Alkylation of the two free hydroxyl groups with stimulus-responsive moieties locks the amide bonds through intramolecular hydrogen bonding and hence makes them unavailable for anion binding and transport. Triggering using a particular stimulus to cleave both cages reverses the hydrogen bonding arrangement, to generate a highly preorganized anion binding cavity for efficient transmembrane transport. Integration of two cages that are responsive to orthogonal stimuli enables multi-stimuli activation, where both stimuli are required to trigger transport in an AND logic process. Importantly, the strategy provides a facile method to post-functionalize the highly active transporter core with a variety of stimulus-responsive moieties for targeted activation with multiple triggers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manzoor Ahmad
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Toby G Johnson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Martin Flerin
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Fernanda Duarte
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Matthew J Langton
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jurek P, Szymański MP, Szumna A. Remote control of anion binding by CH-based receptors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:3417-3420. [PMID: 38441137 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc06038a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
We show that the substitution of tetra(benzimidazole)resorcin[4]arenes with electron withdrawing groups on the upper rim enhances anion binding at the opposite edge by more than three orders of magnitude. Moreover, selective anion binding at either the OH/NH or CH binding sites is demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Jurek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland.
| | - Marek P Szymański
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Szumna
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw 01-224, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
de Jong J, Siegler MA, Wezenberg SJ. A Photoswitchable Macrocycle Controls Anion-Templated Pseudorotaxane Formation and Axle Relocalization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316628. [PMID: 38059917 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Important biological processes, such as signaling and transport, are regulated by dynamic binding events. The development of artificial supramolecular systems in which binding between different components is controlled could help emulate such processes. Herein, we describe stiff-stilbene-containing macrocycles that can be switched between (Z)- and (E)-isomers by light, as demonstrated by UV/Vis and 1 H NMR spectroscopy. The (Z)-isomers can be effectively threaded by pyridinium halide axles to give pseudorotaxane complexes, as confirmed by 1 H NMR titration studies and single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The overall stability of these complexes can be tuned by varying the templating counteranion. However, upon light-induced isomerization to the (E)-isomer, the threading capability is drastically reduced. The axle component, in addition, can form a heterodimeric complex with a secondary isophthalamide host. Therefore, when all components are combined, light irradiation triggers axle exchange between the macrocycle and this secondary host, which has been monitored by 1 H NMR spectroscopy and simulated computationally.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorn de Jong
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maxime A Siegler
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Sander J Wezenberg
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Johnson TG, Langton MJ. Molecular Machines For The Control Of Transmembrane Transport. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:27167-27184. [PMID: 38062763 PMCID: PMC10740008 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Nature embeds some of its molecular machinery, including ion pumps, within lipid bilayer membranes. This has inspired chemists to attempt to develop synthetic analogues to exploit membrane confinement and transmembrane potential gradients, much like their biological cousins. In this perspective, we outline the various strategies by which molecular machines─molecular systems in which a nanomechanical motion is exploited for function─have been designed to be incorporated within lipid membranes and utilized to mediate transmembrane ion transport. We survey molecular machines spanning both switches and motors, those that act as mobile carriers or that are anchored within the membrane, mechanically interlocked molecules, and examples that are activated in response to external stimuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toby G. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry
Research Laboratory, University of Oxford Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J. Langton
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry
Research Laboratory, University of Oxford Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nieland E, Voss J, Schmidt BM. Photoresponsive Supramolecular Cages and Macrocycles. Chempluschem 2023; 88:e202300353. [PMID: 37638597 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The utilisation of light to achieve precise manipulation and control over the structure and function of supramolecular assemblies has emerged as a highly promising approach in the development of complex, configurable, or multifunctional systems and nanoscopic machine-like entities. In this minireview, we highlight recent examples of self-assembled and covalently bound cages and macrocycles with a focus on the external and internal functionalisation of a structure with a photoswitchable unit or the embedment of a photoswitch into the framework of a structure. Functionalising the interior or exterior of a supramolecular cage or macrocycle with a photoresponsive group enables control over different properties, such as guest binding or assembly in the solid-state, while the overall shape of the assembly often undergoes no significant change. By directly integrating a photoswitchable unit into the framework of a supramolecular structure, the isomerisation can either induce a geometry change, the disassembly, or the disassembly and reassembly of the structure. Historical and recent examples covered in this review are based on azobenzene, diarylethene, stilbene photoswitches, or alkene motors that were incorporated into macrocycles and cages constructed by metal-organic, dynamic covalent, or covalent bonds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Nieland
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jona Voss
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bernd M Schmidt
- Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu G, Tian C, Fan X, Dang Y, Qin J, Liu L, Cao Z, Jiang S. Dual-Stimulus-Driven Dynamically Controllable [3]Rotaxane with Tunable Organic Room-Temperature Phosphorescence. Org Lett 2023. [PMID: 38019050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
A dual-stimulus-driven stiff-stilbene-based dynamic [3]rotaxane has been facilely developed using the threading-stoppering strategy and exhibits reversible shuttling motions and bidirectional rotations upon encountering acid-base and distinct light stimulations, respectively. Herein, the two dibenzo-24-crown-8 macrocycles can undergo reversible switching motion between two different stations along the axle suffered from acid-base stimulation, and simultaneously, the two rotaxanes can also perform cis-trans rotations upon irradiation with distinct light. In other words, the constructed rotaxanes can conduct two modes of regular motions without interference. Interestingly, reciprocating switching motion of the rings along the axle enabled the rotaxanes to exhibit controllable and reversible photoisomerization speed, conversion yield, and quantum yield. Crucially, these rotaxanes also manifest adjustable solid-state organic room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) and photoluminescence stimulated by dual factors (acid-base and diverse light), which are further applied in information encryption and anticounterfeiting. The presented study provides an instructive way for precisely boosting photoisomerization performances and the fabrication of dual-stimuli-induced molecular machines with functions of two-mode mechanical motions and controllable pure organic RTP switches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoxing Liu
- College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, P. R. China
| | - Changming Tian
- College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, P. R. China
| | - Xinhui Fan
- College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, P. R. China
| | - Yuli Dang
- College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, P. R. China
| | - Jieqiong Qin
- College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, P. R. China
| | - Lijie Liu
- College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, P. R. China
| | - Zhanqi Cao
- College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, P. R. China
| | - Song Jiang
- College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Xiong S, Zhang Y, Jiang Y, Wang F, Zhou W, Li A, Zhang Q, Wang Q, He Q. Photo-controllable binding and release of HP 2O 73- using an azobenzene based smart macrocycle. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:12994-12997. [PMID: 37830230 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03608a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the design and synthesis of an unusual azobenzene-bearing macrocycle 1, whose trans isomer was found able to 100% transform into its cis configuration under photoirradiation, for selectively recognizing HP2O73- with reversibly photo-controllable binding and release properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shenglun Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, No. 2 Lushan Road (S), Yuelu District, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, No. 2 Lushan Road (S), Yuelu District, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
| | - Yunqi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, No. 2 Lushan Road (S), Yuelu District, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
| | - Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, No. 2 Lushan Road (S), Yuelu District, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, No. 2 Lushan Road (S), Yuelu District, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
| | - Aimin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, No. 2 Lushan Road (S), Yuelu District, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
| | - Qinpeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, No. 2 Lushan Road (S), Yuelu District, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
| | - Qiuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, No. 2 Lushan Road (S), Yuelu District, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
| | - Qing He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, No. 2 Lushan Road (S), Yuelu District, Changsha 410082, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ahmad M, Gartland SA, Langton MJ. Photo- and Redox-Regulated Transmembrane Ion Transporters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308842. [PMID: 37478126 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic supramolecular ion transporters find applications as potential therapeutics and as tools for engineering functional membranes. Stimuli-responsive systems enable external control over transport, which is necessary for targeted activation. The Minireview provides an overview of current approaches to developing stimuli-responsive ion transport systems, including channels and mobile carriers, that can be controlled using photo or redox inputs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manzoor Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Shaun A Gartland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Matthew J Langton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| |
Collapse
|