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Mukhopadhyay T, Ghosh A, Datta A. Screening 2D Materials for Their Nanotoxicity toward Nucleic Acids and Proteins: An In Silico Outlook. ACS PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY AU 2024; 4:97-121. [PMID: 38560753 PMCID: PMC10979489 DOI: 10.1021/acsphyschemau.3c00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Since the discovery of graphene, two-dimensional (2D) materials have been anticipated to demonstrate enormous potential in bionanomedicine. Unfortunately, the majority of 2D materials induce nanotoxicity via disruption of the structure of biomolecules. Consequently, there has been an urge to synthesize and identify biocompatible 2D materials. Before the cytotoxicity of 2D nanomaterials is experimentally tested, computational studies can rapidly screen them. Additionally, computational analyses can provide invaluable insights into molecular-level interactions. Recently, various "in silico" techniques have identified these interactions and helped to develop a comprehensive understanding of nanotoxicity of 2D materials. In this article, we discuss the key recent advances in the application of computational methods for the screening of 2D materials for their nanotoxicity toward two important categories of abundant biomolecules, namely, nucleic acids and proteins. We believe the present article would help to develop newer computational protocols for the identification of novel biocompatible materials, thereby paving the way for next-generation biomedical and therapeutic applications based on 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titas
Kumar Mukhopadhyay
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A and 2B Raja S.C. Mullick Road,
Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Anupam Ghosh
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A and 2B Raja S.C. Mullick Road,
Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Ayan Datta
- School of Chemical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 2A and 2B Raja S.C. Mullick Road,
Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
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2
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Günder D, Axt M, Witte G. Heteroepitaxy in Organic/TMD Hybrids and Challenge to Achieve it for TMD Monolayers: The Case of Pentacene on WS 2 and WSe 2. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:1911-1920. [PMID: 38154080 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
The intriguing photophysical properties of monolayer stacks of different transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), revealing rich exciton physics including interfacial and moiré excitons, have recently prompted an extension of similar investigations to hybrid systems of TMDs and organic films, as the latter combine large photoabsorption cross sections with the ability to tailor energy levels by targeted synthesis. To go beyond single-molecule photoexcitations and exploit the excitonic signatures of organic solids, crystalline molecular films are required. Moreover, a defined registry on the substrate, ideally an epitaxy, is desirable to also achieve an excitonic coupling in momentum space. This poses a certain challenge as excitonic dipole moments of organic films are closely related to the molecular orientation and film structure, which critically depend on the support roughness. Using X-ray diffraction, optical polarization, and atomic force microscopy, we analyzed the structure of pentacene (PEN) multilayer films grown on WSe2(001) and WS2(001) and identified an epitaxial alignment. While (022)-oriented PEN films are formed on both substrates, their azimuthal orientations are quite different, showing an alignment of the molecular L-axis along the ⟨ 110 ⟩ WSe 2 and ⟨ 100 ⟩ WS 2 directions. This intrinsic epitaxial PEN growth depends, however, sensitively on the substrates surface quality. While it occurs on exfoliated TMD single crystals and multilayer flakes, it is hardly found on exfoliated monolayers, which often exhibit bubbles and wrinkles. This enhances the surface roughness and results in (001)-oriented PEN films with upright molecular orientation but without any azimuthal alignment. However, monolayer flakes can be smoothed by AFM operated in contact mode or by transferring to ultrasmooth substrates such as hBN, which again yields epitaxial PEN films. As different PEN orientations result in different characteristic film morphologies (elongated mesa islands vs pyramidal dendrites), which can be easily distinguished by AFM or optical microscopy, this provides a simple means to judge the roughness of the used TMD surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darius Günder
- Molekulare Festkörperphysik, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg 35032, Germany
| | - Marleen Axt
- Oberflächenphysik, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg 35032, Germany
| | - Gregor Witte
- Molekulare Festkörperphysik, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg 35032, Germany
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3
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Ju J, Chatterjee D, Voyles PM, Bock H, Ediger MD. Vapor-to-glass preparation of biaxially aligned organic semiconductors. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:211101. [PMID: 38038197 DOI: 10.1063/5.0174819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical vapor deposition (PVD) provides a route to prepare highly stable and anisotropic organic glasses that are utilized in multi-layer structures such as organic light-emitting devices. While previous work has demonstrated that anisotropic glasses with uniaxial symmetry can be prepared by PVD, here, we prepare biaxially aligned glasses in which molecular orientation has a preferred in-plane direction. With the collective effect of the surface equilibration mechanism and template growth on an aligned substrate, macroscopic biaxial alignment is achieved in depositions as much as 180 K below the clearing point TLC-iso (and 50 K below the glass transition temperature Tg) with single-component disk-like (phenanthroperylene ester) and rod-like (itraconazole) mesogens. The preparation of biaxially aligned organic semiconductors adds a new dimension of structural control for vapor-deposited glasses and may enable polarized emission and in-plane control of charge mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhu Ju
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Debaditya Chatterjee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Paul M Voyles
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Harald Bock
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal, CNRS & Université de Bordeaux, 33600 Pessac, France
| | - Mark D Ediger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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4
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Liu D, Zhu F, Yan D. Crystalline organic thin films for crystalline OLEDs (II): weak epitaxy growth of phenanthroimidazole derivatives. RSC Adv 2023; 13:15586-15593. [PMID: 37228674 PMCID: PMC10203860 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03095d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The ordered molecular arrangement of crystalline organic semiconductors facilitates high carrier mobility and light emission in organic light-emitting diode (OLED) devices. It has been demonstrated that the weak epitaxy growth (WEG) process is a valuable crystallization route for fabricating crystalline thin-film OLEDs (C-OLEDs). Recently, C-OLEDs based on crystalline thin films of phenanthroimidazole derivatives have exhibited excellent luminescent properties such as high photon output at low driving voltage and high power efficiency. Achieving effective control of organic crystalline thin film growth is crucial for the development of new C-OLEDs. Herein, we report the studies on morphology structure and growth behavior of the phenanthroimidazole derivative WEG thin films. The oriented growth of WEG crystalline thin films is determined by channeling and lattice matching between the inducing layer and active layer. Large-size and continuous WEG crystalline thin films can be obtained by controlling the growth conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Feng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Donghang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
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5
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Doroftei C, Leontie L, Danac R, Matarneh CMA, Carlescu A. Exploring Pyrrolo-Phenanthrolines as Semiconductors for Potential Implementation in Organic Electronics. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:ma16093366. [PMID: 37176248 PMCID: PMC10179610 DOI: 10.3390/ma16093366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the synthesis and characterization of new organic semiconductors based on pyrrolo[1,2-i][1,7]phenanthrolines in the form of thin layers. The thin layers, produced via the spin coating method (with a thickness of 10-11 μm), were investigated for their electrical and optical properties. After heat treatment at temperatures ranging from 210 to 240 °C, the layers displayed consistent and reproducible properties. The layers exhibited n-type semiconductor behavior, with a thermal activation energy (Ea) in the range of 0.75-0.78 eV. Additionally, the layers showed transmittance values of 84-92% in the visible and near-infrared spectral ranges, with a direct optical band gap (Egod) ranging from 3.13 to 4.11 eV. These thin layers have potential applications in electronic devices such as thermistors, as well as in nanoelectronics and optoelectronics. Overall, these new organic semiconductors show promising properties for practical implementation in various electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corneliu Doroftei
- Science Research Department, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, Research Center in Environmental Sciences for the North-Eastern Romanian Region (CERNESIM), Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 11 Carol I, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Liviu Leontie
- Science Research Department, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, Research Center in Environmental Sciences for the North-Eastern Romanian Region (CERNESIM), Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 11 Carol I, 700506 Iasi, Romania
- Faculty of Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 11 Carol I, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ramona Danac
- Faculty of Chemistry, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 11 Carol I, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cristina-Maria Al Matarneh
- Faculty of Chemistry, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 11 Carol I, 700506 Iasi, Romania
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry "Petru Poni", Aleea Ghica Voda, No. 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Aurelian Carlescu
- Science Research Department, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, Research Center in Environmental Sciences for the North-Eastern Romanian Region (CERNESIM), Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, 11 Carol I, 700506 Iasi, Romania
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6
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King B, Radford CL, Vebber MC, Ronnasi B, Lessard BH. Not Just Surface Energy: The Role of Bis(pentafluorophenoxy) Silicon Phthalocyanine Axial Functionalization and Molecular Orientation on Organic Thin-Film Transistor Performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 36897075 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the effect of surface chemistry on the dielectric-semiconductor interface, thin-film morphology, and molecular alignment enables the optimization of organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs). We explored the properties of thin films of bis(pentafluorophenoxy) silicon phthalocyanine (F10-SiPc) evaporated onto silicon dioxide (SiO2) surfaces modified by self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of varying surface energies and by weak epitaxy growth (WEG). The total surface energy (γtot), dispersive component of the total surface energy (γd), and polar component of the total surface energy (γp) were calculated using the Owens-Wendt method and related to electron field-effect mobility of devices (μe), and it was determined that minimizing γp and matching γtot yielded films with the largest relative domain sizes and highest resulting μe. Subsequent analyses were completed using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) to relate surface chemistry to thin-film morphology and molecular order at the surface and semiconductor-dielectric interface, respectively. Films evaporated on n-octyltrichlorosilane (OTS) yielded devices with the highest average μe of 7.2 × 10-2 cm2·V-1·s-1 that we attributed to it having both the largest domain length, which were extracted from power spectral density function (PSDF) analysis, and a subset of molecules with a pseudo edge-on orientation relative to the substrate. Films of F10-SiPc with the mean molecular orientation of the π-stacking direction being more edge-on relative to the substrate also generally resulted in OTFTs with a lower average VT. Unlike conventional MPcs, F10-SiPc films fabricated by WEG experienced no macrocycle in an edge-on configuration. These results demonstrate the critical role of the F10-SiPc axial groups on WEG, molecular orientation, and film morphology as a function of surface chemistry and the choice of SAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin King
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur Pvt., Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Chase L Radford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Mário C Vebber
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur Pvt., Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Bahar Ronnasi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur Pvt., Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Benoît H Lessard
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur Pvt., Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, 800 King Edward Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
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7
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Wang B, Xu T, Yu B, Zou J, Luan S. Optimization of Alkyl Side Chain Length in Polyimide for Gate Dielectrics to Achieve High Mobility and Outstanding Operational Stability in Organic Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:7204-7216. [PMID: 36709451 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Alkyl chain modification strategies in both organic semiconductors and inorganic dielectrics play a crucial role in improving the performance of organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs). Polyimide (PI) and its derivatives have received extensive attention as dielectrics for application in OTFTs because of flexibility, high-temperature resistance, and low cost. However, low-temperature solution processing PI-based gate dielectric for flexible OTFTs with high mobility, low operating voltage, and high operational stability remains an enormous challenge. Furthermore, even though di-n-decyldinaphtho[2,3-b:2',3'-f]thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (C10-DNTT) is known to have very high mobility as an air-stable and high-performance organic semiconductor, the C10-DNTT-based TFTs on the PI gate dielectrics still showed relatively low mobility. Here, inspired by alkyl side chain engineering, we design and synthesize a series of PI materials with different alkyl side chain lengths and systematically investigate the PI surface properties and the evolution of organic semiconductor morphology deposited on PI surfaces during the variation of alkyl side chain lengths. It is found that the alkyl side chain length has a critical influence on the PI surface properties, as well as the grain size and molecular orientation of semiconductors. Good field-effect characteristics are obtained with high mobilities (up to 1.05 and 5.22 cm2/Vs, which are some of the best values reported to date), relatively low operating voltage, hysteresis-free behavior, and high operational stability in OTFTs. These results suggest that the strategy of optimizing alkyl side-chain lengths opens up a new research avenue for tuning semiconductor growth to enable high mobility and outstanding operational stability of PI-based OTFTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baotieliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui230026, P. R. China
| | - Ting Xu
- College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong266071, P. R. China
| | - Bo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin130022, P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin130022, P. R. China
| | - Shifang Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui230026, P. R. China
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8
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Borovkov NY, Kolker AM, Kholodkov IV, Kholodkova NV. Processing Additives for Solution‐Deposited Films of Zinc Phthalocyanine. CRYSTAL RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.202200213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Yu. Borovkov
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences 1, Akademicheskaya St Ivanovo 153045 Russian Federation
| | - Arkadiy M. Kolker
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences 1, Akademicheskaya St Ivanovo 153045 Russian Federation
| | - Igor V. Kholodkov
- Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology 7, Sheremetev Av Ivanovo 153000 Russian Federation
| | - Nathalie V. Kholodkova
- Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology 7, Sheremetev Av Ivanovo 153000 Russian Federation
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9
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Günder D, Diez-Cabanes V, Huttner A, Breuer T, Lemaur V, Cornil J, Witte G. F-Center-Mediated Growth of Patterned Organic Semiconductor Films on Alkali Halides. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:46086-46094. [PMID: 36191090 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c13934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconductors combine flexible tailoring of their optoelectronic properties by synthetic means with strong light-matter coupling, which is advantageous for organic electronic device applications. Although spatially selective deposition has been demonstrated, lateral patterning of organic films with simultaneous control of molecular and crystalline orientation is lacking as traditional lithography is not applicable. Here, a new patterning approach based on surface-localized F-centers (halide vacancies) generated by electron irradiation of alkali halides is presented, which allows structural control of molecular adlayers. Combining optical and atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, it is shown that dinaphthothienothiophene (DNTT) molecules adopt an upright orientation on pristine KCl surfaces, while the F-centers stabilize a recumbent orientation, and that these orientations are maintained in thicker films. This specific nucleation results also in different crystallographic morphologies, namely, densely packed islands and jagged fibers, each epitaxially aligned on the KCl surface. Spatially selective surface irradiation can also be used to create patterns of F-centers and thus laterally patterned DNTT films, which can be further transferred to any (including elastomer) substrate due to the water solubility of the alkali halide growth templates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darius Günder
- Fachbereich Physik, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Valentin Diez-Cabanes
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons (UMONS), BE-7000 Mons, Belgium
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques (LPCT), Université de Lorraine & CNRS, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Andrea Huttner
- Fachbereich Physik, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Breuer
- Fachbereich Physik, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Vincent Lemaur
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons (UMONS), BE-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Cornil
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, University of Mons (UMONS), BE-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Gregor Witte
- Fachbereich Physik, Philipps-Universität Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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10
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Odintsova EG, Petrenko VE, Kolker AM, Borovkov NY. Molecular origin of structural defects in the zinc phthalocyanine film. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:19956-19964. [PMID: 35971772 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01221a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Controlling the growth of thin phthalocyanine films is a long-term challenge for the science of applied nanomaterials. So, this contribution deals with films of unsubstituted zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) and seeks to acquire structural information that is unavailable via physical experiments, thus, finding out how the film morphology can be seriously improved. A model of the vapor-deposited film has been created using the molecular dynamics method. Specifically, the ZnPc molecules are dosed into the simulation box under normal conditions, reproducing key features of the real film, such as the trimolecular wetting layer and the island-like three-dimensional (3D) phase that is structured like the α-polymorph; then all film fragments are characterized via their radial distribution functions and mean-squared displacements. The simulation model indicates that the 3D phase starts to develop smoothly through multimolecular cofacial stacking but finally becomes fragmental because the wetting layer is too meager to be a good platform for regular film growth. Accordingly, the film morphology may be improved if the wetting layer is thickened via restraining the vertical development of the 3D phase. Following this idea, uniform ZnPc films impaired by neither grain boundaries nor coarser defects were deposited from solutions and visualized at the nanometer scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- E G Odintsova
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ivanovo, 153045, Russian Federation.
| | - V E Petrenko
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ivanovo, 153045, Russian Federation.
| | - A M Kolker
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ivanovo, 153045, Russian Federation.
| | - N Y Borovkov
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ivanovo, 153045, Russian Federation.
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Torres-Moya I, Harbuzaru A, Donoso B, Prieto P, Ponce Ortiz R, Díaz-Ortiz Á. Microwave Irradiation as a Powerful Tool for the Preparation of n-Type Benzotriazole Semiconductors with Applications in Organic Field-Effect Transistors. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27144340. [PMID: 35889212 PMCID: PMC9323175 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27144340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, as an equivocal proof of the potential of microwave irradiation in organic synthesis, a complex pyrazine-decorated benzotriazole derivative that is challenging to prepare under conventional conditions has been obtained upon microwave irradiation, thus efficiently improving the process and yields, dramatically decreasing the reaction times and resulting in an environmentally friendly synthetic procedure. In addition, this useful derivative could be applied in organic electronics, specifically in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), exhibiting the highest electron mobilities reported to date for benzotriazole discrete molecules, of around 10−2 cm2V−1s−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Torres-Moya
- Department of Inorganic, Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Chemical Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha-IRICA, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (B.D.); (P.P.)
- Correspondence: (I.T.-M.); (R.P.O.); (Á.D.-O.)
| | - Alexandra Harbuzaru
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Campus of Teatinos s/n, 29071 Malaga, Spain;
| | - Beatriz Donoso
- Department of Inorganic, Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Chemical Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha-IRICA, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (B.D.); (P.P.)
| | - Pilar Prieto
- Department of Inorganic, Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Chemical Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha-IRICA, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (B.D.); (P.P.)
| | - Rocío Ponce Ortiz
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Campus of Teatinos s/n, 29071 Malaga, Spain;
- Correspondence: (I.T.-M.); (R.P.O.); (Á.D.-O.)
| | - Ángel Díaz-Ortiz
- Department of Inorganic, Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Chemical Technologies, University of Castilla-La Mancha-IRICA, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain; (B.D.); (P.P.)
- Correspondence: (I.T.-M.); (R.P.O.); (Á.D.-O.)
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12
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Xu Z, Romankov V, Doll A, Dreiser J. Orienting dilute thin films of non-planar spin-1/2 vanadyl-phthalocyanine complexes. MATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 3:4938-4946. [PMID: 35812836 PMCID: PMC9207598 DOI: 10.1039/d2ma00157h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The molecular orientation as well as the electronic and magnetic properties of vanadyl-phthalocyanine (VOPc) diluted into titanyl-phthalocyanine (TiOPc) thin films on Si(100) and polycrystalline aluminum substrates have been investigated by soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), X-ray linear dichroism (XLD) and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD). On the bare substrates the films grow with a standing-up geometry. By contrast, on template layers of 3,4,9,10-perylene-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA), they assume a lying-down orientation. Moreover, a theoretical model based on the normalized intensity of the nitrogen K-edge XLD is established in order to extract the molecular orientation angle quantitatively without the need for crystallinity and with the sub-monolayer sensitivity of soft-XAS. XMCD reveals that the vanadium magnetic properties are preserved in both non-diluted and diluted films. The results pave the way toward the use of VOPc as nanometer-sized spin quantum bits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhewen Xu
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut Forschungsstrasse 111 CH-5232 Villigen PSI Switzerland
| | - Vladyslav Romankov
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut Forschungsstrasse 111 CH-5232 Villigen PSI Switzerland
| | - Andrin Doll
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut Forschungsstrasse 111 CH-5232 Villigen PSI Switzerland
| | - Jan Dreiser
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut Forschungsstrasse 111 CH-5232 Villigen PSI Switzerland
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13
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Lattice-mismatch-free growth of organic heterostructure nanowires from cocrystals to alloys. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3099. [PMID: 35661752 PMCID: PMC9166754 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30870-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic heterostructure nanowires, such as multiblock, core/shell, branch-like and related compounds, have attracted chemists’ extensive attention because of their novel physicochemical properties. However, owing to the difficulty in solving the lattice mismatch of distinct molecules, the construction of organic heterostructures at large scale remains challenging, which restricts its wide use in future applications. In this work, we define a concept of lattice-mismatch-free for hierarchical self-assembly of organic semiconductor molecules, allowing for the large-scale synthesis of organic heterostructure nanowires composed of the organic alloys and cocrystals. Thus, various types of organic triblock nanowires are prepared in large scale, and the length ratio of different segments of the triblock nanowires can be precisely regulated by changing the stoichiometric ratio of different components. These results pave the way towards fine synthesis of heterostructures in a large scale and facilitate their applications in organic optoelectronics at micro/nanoscale. The large-scale synthesis of organic heterostructure nanowires is challenging. Here, the authors report the synthesis of organic triblock nanowires via a lattice mismatch-free strategy.
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14
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Wei Y, Xue D, Ji L, Lu J, Wang Q, Jiang X, Sun Y, Wang Z, Huang L, Chi L. Growth behavior of rubrene thin films on hexagonal boron nitride in the early stage. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Wei
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐Based Functional Materials & Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Di Xue
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐Based Functional Materials & Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Lianlian Ji
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐Based Functional Materials & Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Jie Lu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐Based Functional Materials & Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐Based Functional Materials & Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐Based Functional Materials & Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Yinghui Sun
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐Based Functional Materials & Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Zi Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐Based Functional Materials & Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
- Gusu Laboratory of Materials Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Lizhen Huang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐Based Functional Materials & Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Lifeng Chi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon‐Based Functional Materials & Devices, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
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15
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Doroftei C, Carlescu A, Leontie L, Danac R, Al-Matarneh CM. Structural, Electrical and Optical Properties of Pyrrolo[1,2- i][1,7] Phenanthroline-Based Organic Semiconductors. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15051684. [PMID: 35268915 PMCID: PMC8911188 DOI: 10.3390/ma15051684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This work reports a study on structural, electrical and optical properties of some recently synthesized pyrrolo[1,2-i][1,7] phenanthrolines derivatives in thin films. The thin films were deposited onto glass substrates by spin coating technique, using chloroform as solvent. The obtained films exhibited a polycrystalline structure with an n–type semiconductor behavior after heat treatment in the temperature range 293–543 K, specific to each sample. The thermal activation energy lies between 0.68 and 0.78 eV, while the direct optical band gap values were found in the range 4.17–4.24 eV. The electrical and optical properties of the investigated organic semiconductor films were discussed in relation to microstructural properties, determined by the molecular structure. The investigated organic compounds are promising for applications in organic optoelectronics and nanoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corneliu Doroftei
- Research Center in Environmental Sciences for the North-Eastern Romanian Region (CERNESIM), Science Research Department, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Bulevardul Carol I, Nr. 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania; (C.D.); (L.L.)
| | - Aurelian Carlescu
- Research Center in Environmental Sciences for the North-Eastern Romanian Region (CERNESIM), Science Research Department, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Bulevardul Carol I, Nr. 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania; (C.D.); (L.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Liviu Leontie
- Research Center in Environmental Sciences for the North-Eastern Romanian Region (CERNESIM), Science Research Department, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Bulevardul Carol I, Nr. 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania; (C.D.); (L.L.)
- Faculty of Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Bulevardul Carol I, Nr. 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ramona Danac
- Faculty of Chemistry, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Bulevardul Carol I, Nr. 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania; (R.D.); (C.M.A.-M.)
| | - Cristina Maria Al-Matarneh
- Faculty of Chemistry, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Bulevardul Carol I, Nr. 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania; (R.D.); (C.M.A.-M.)
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry “Petru Poni”, Aleea Ghica Voda, No. 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania
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16
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Lv J, Xie J, Mohamed AGA, Zhang X, Wang Y. Photoelectrochemical energy storage materials: design principles and functional devices towards direct solar to electrochemical energy storage. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:1511-1528. [PMID: 35137737 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00859e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Advanced solar energy utilization technologies have been booming for carbon-neutral and renewable society development. Photovoltaic cells now hold the highest potential for widespread sustainable electricity production and photo(electro)catalytic cells could supply various chemicals. However, both of them require the connection of energy storage devices or matter to compensate for intermittent sunlight, suffering from complicated structures and external energy loss. Newly developed photoelectrochemical energy storage (PES) devices can effectively convert and store solar energy in one two-electrode battery, simplifying the configuration and decreasing the external energy loss. Based on PES materials, the PES devices could realize direct solar-to-electrochemical energy storage, which is fundamentally different from photo(electro)catalytic cells (solar-to-chemical energy conversion) and photovoltaic cells (solar-to-electricity energy conversion). This review summarizes a critically selected overview of advanced PES materials, the key to direct solar to electrochemical energy storage technology, with the focus on the research progress in PES processes and design principles. Based on the specific discussions of the performance metrics, the bottlenecks of PES devices, including low efficiency and deteriorative stability, are also discussed. Finally, several perspectives of potential strategies to overcome the bottlenecks and realize practical photoelectrochemical energy storage devices are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangquan Lv
- College of Electronics and Information Science & Organic Optoelectronics Engineering Research Center of Fujian's Universities, Fujian Jiangxia University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Jiafang Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China. .,Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Aya Gomaa Abdelkader Mohamed
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Xiang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Yaobing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China. .,Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian 116023, China
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17
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Liu J, Yu Y, Liu J, Li T, Li C, Zhang J, Hu W, Liu Y, Jiang L. Capillary-Confinement Crystallization for Monolayer Molecular Crystal Arrays. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107574. [PMID: 34837661 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organic single-crystalline semiconductors are highly desired for the fabrication of integrated electronic circuits, yet their uniform growth and efficient patterning is a huge challenge. Here, a general solution procedure named the "soft-template-assisted-assembly method" is developed to prepare centimeter-scale monolayer molecular crystal (MMC) arrays with precise regulation over their size and location via a capillary-confinement crystallization process. It is remarkable that the field-effect mobility of the array is highly uniform, with variation less than 4.4%, which demonstrates the most uniform organic single-crystal arrays ever reported so far. Simulations based on fluid dynamics are carried out to understand the function mechanism of this method. Thanks to the ultrasmooth crystalline orientation surface of MMCs, high-quality p-n heterojunction arrays can be prepared by weak epitaxy growth of n-type material atop the MMC. The p-n heterojunction field-effect transistors show ambipolar characteristics and the corresponding inverters constructed by these heterojunctions exhibit a competitive gain of 155. This work provides a general strategy to realize the preparation and application of logic complementary circuits based on patterned organic single crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yamin Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Tao Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chunlei Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lang Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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18
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Deshpande MS, Morajkar SM, Ahirwar MB, Deshmukh MM, Srinivasan BR. Synthesis, structural, and DFT studies of mixed ligand copper(II) malonates. J CHEM SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-021-01947-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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19
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Liu D, Liao Q, Peng Q, Gao H, Sun Q, De J, Gao C, Miao Z, Qin Z, Yang J, Fu H, Shuai Z, Dong H, Hu W. High Mobility Organic Lasing Semiconductor with Crystallization‐Enhanced Emission for Light‐Emitting Transistors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202108224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Qing Liao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices Department of Chemistry Capital Normal University Beijing 100048 China
| | - Qian Peng
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Haikuo Gao
- National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Jianbo De
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices Department of Chemistry Capital Normal University Beijing 100048 China
| | - Can Gao
- National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Zhagen Miao
- National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Zhengsheng Qin
- National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Jiaxin Yang
- National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Hongbing Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices Department of Chemistry Capital Normal University Beijing 100048 China
| | - Zhigang Shuai
- Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Huanli Dong
- National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences Tianjin University&Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 China
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20
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Liu D, Liao Q, Peng Q, Gao H, Sun Q, De J, Gao C, Miao Z, Qin Z, Yang J, Fu H, Shuai Z, Dong H, Hu W. High Mobility Organic Lasing Semiconductor with Crystallization-Enhanced Emission for Light-Emitting Transistors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:20274-20279. [PMID: 34278668 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202108224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The development of high mobility organic laser semiconductors with strong emission is of great scientific and technical importance, but challenging. Herein, we present a high mobility organic laser semiconductor, 2,7-diphenyl-9H-fluorene (LD-1) showing unique crystallization-enhanced emission guided by elaborately modulating its crystal growth process. The obtained one-dimensional nanowires of LD-1 show outstanding integrated properties including: high absolute photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) approaching 80 %, high charge carrier mobility of 0.08 cm2 V-1 s-1 , Fabry-Perot lasing characters with a low threshold of 86 μJ cm-2 and a high-quality factor of ≈2400. Furthermore, electrically induced emission was obtained from an individual LD-1 crystal nanowire-based light-emitting transistor due to the recombination of holes and electrons simultaneously injected into the nanowire, which provides a good platform for the study of electrically pumped organic lasers and other related ultrasmall integrated electrical-driven photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qing Liao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Qian Peng
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Haikuo Gao
- National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jianbo De
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Can Gao
- National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhagen Miao
- National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhengsheng Qin
- National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiaxin Yang
- National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hongbing Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Zhigang Shuai
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Huanli Dong
- National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Tianjin University&Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
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21
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Jessop IA, Mariman A, Sobarzo PA, Hauyon RA, Saldías C, Schott E, Zarate X, Rodríguez-González FE, Medina J, González-Henríquez CM, Tundidor-Camba A, Terraza CA. Novel germanium-based σ-π conjugated oligourethanes containing dibenzofuran moieties in the backbone: Thermal, optical, electronic properties and theoretical simulations. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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22
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Sättele M, Windischbacher A, Egger L, Haags A, Hurdax P, Kirschner H, Gottwald A, Richter M, Bocquet F, Soubatch S, Tautz FS, Bettinger HF, Peisert H, Chassé T, Ramsey MG, Puschnig P, Koller G. Going beyond Pentacene: Photoemission Tomography of a Heptacene Monolayer on Ag(110). THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2021; 125:2918-2925. [PMID: 33603943 PMCID: PMC7883341 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c09062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Longer acenes such as heptacene are promising candidates for optoelectronic applications but are unstable in their bulk structure as they tend to dimerize. This makes the growth of well-defined monolayers and films problematic. In this article, we report the successful preparation of a highly oriented monolayer of heptacene on Ag(110) by thermal cycloreversion of diheptacenes. In a combined effort of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we characterize the electronic and structural properties of the molecule on the surface in detail. Our investigations allow us to unambiguously confirm the successful fabrication of a highly oriented complete monolayer of heptacene and to describe its electronic structure. By comparing experimental momentum maps of photoemission from frontier orbitals of heptacene and pentacene, we shed light on differences between these two acenes regarding their molecular orientation and energy-level alignment on the metal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie
S. Sättele
- Institute
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University
of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Windischbacher
- Institute
of Physics, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Universitätsplatz
5, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Larissa Egger
- Institute
of Physics, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Universitätsplatz
5, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Anja Haags
- Peter
Grünberg Institut (PGI-3), Forschungszentrum
Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Jülich
Aachen Research Alliance (JARA), Fundamentals
of Future Information Technology, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Experimental
Physics IV A, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Philipp Hurdax
- Institute
of Physics, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Universitätsplatz
5, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Hans Kirschner
- Physikalisch-Technische
Bundesanstalt, Abbestr.
2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Gottwald
- Physikalisch-Technische
Bundesanstalt, Abbestr.
2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mathias Richter
- Physikalisch-Technische
Bundesanstalt, Abbestr.
2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - François
C. Bocquet
- Peter
Grünberg Institut (PGI-3), Forschungszentrum
Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Jülich
Aachen Research Alliance (JARA), Fundamentals
of Future Information Technology, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Serguei Soubatch
- Peter
Grünberg Institut (PGI-3), Forschungszentrum
Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Jülich
Aachen Research Alliance (JARA), Fundamentals
of Future Information Technology, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - F. Stefan Tautz
- Peter
Grünberg Institut (PGI-3), Forschungszentrum
Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Jülich
Aachen Research Alliance (JARA), Fundamentals
of Future Information Technology, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Experimental
Physics IV A, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Holger F. Bettinger
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Heiko Peisert
- Institute
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University
of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Chassé
- Institute
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University
of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael G. Ramsey
- Institute
of Physics, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Universitätsplatz
5, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Puschnig
- Institute
of Physics, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Universitätsplatz
5, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Georg Koller
- Institute
of Physics, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Universitätsplatz
5, 8010 Graz, Austria
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23
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Qian C, Sun J, Gao Y. Transport of charge carriers and optoelectronic applications of highly ordered metal phthalocyanine heterojunction thin films. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:9631-9642. [PMID: 33870992 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00889g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconductor thin films based on polycrystalline small molecules exhibit many attractive properties that have already led to their applications in optoelectronic devices, which can be produced by less expensive and stringent processes. Conduction of electric charges typically occurs in polycrystalline organic thin films. Unavoidably, the crystalline domain size, orientation, domain boundaries and energy level of the interface affect the transport of the charge carriers in organic thin films. In this comprehensive perspective, we focus on highly ordered organic heterojunction thin films fabricated by the weak epitaxy growth method. Transport of charge carriers in these highly ordered organic heterojunction thin films was systematically studied with various characterization techniques. Recent advances are presented in high-performance optoelectronic applications based on highly ordered organic heterojunction thin films, including organic photodetectors, photovoltaic cells, photomemory devices and artificial optoelectronic synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Qian
- Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Application, Key Laboratory of Low-dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, P. R. China
| | - Jia Sun
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, P. R. China
| | - Yongli Gao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA.
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24
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Franco-Cañellas A, Duhm S, Gerlach A, Schreiber F. Binding and electronic level alignment of π-conjugated systems on metals. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2020; 83:066501. [PMID: 32101802 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ab7a42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We review the binding and energy level alignment of π-conjugated systems on metals, a field which during the last two decades has seen tremendous progress both in terms of experimental characterization as well as in the depth of theoretical understanding. Precise measurements of vertical adsorption distances and the electronic structure together with ab initio calculations have shown that most of the molecular systems have to be considered as intermediate cases between weak physisorption and strong chemisorption. In this regime, the subtle interplay of different effects such as covalent bonding, charge transfer, electrostatic and van der Waals interactions yields a complex situation with different adsorption mechanisms. In order to establish a better understanding of the binding and the electronic level alignment of π-conjugated molecules on metals, we provide an up-to-date overview of the literature, explain the fundamental concepts as well as the experimental techniques and discuss typical case studies. Thereby, we relate the geometric with the electronic structure in a consistent picture and cover the entire range from weak to strong coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Franco-Cañellas
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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25
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Xie P, Liu T, Sun J, Jiang J, Yuan Y, Gao Y, Zhou J, Yang J. Solution-processed ultra-flexible C8-BTBT organic thin-film transistors with the corrected mobility over 18 cm 2/(V s). Sci Bull (Beijing) 2020; 65:791-795. [PMID: 36659196 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengshan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Tianjiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Jia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yongbo Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yongli Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, New York, NY 14627, USA
| | - Jianfei Zhou
- Lucky Huaguang Graphics Co., Ltd, Nanyang 473003, China
| | - Junliang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
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26
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Wang L, Wang L, Yang G, Xie Q, Zhong S, Su X, Hou Y, Zhang B. Improvement of Sensing Properties for Copper Phthalocyanine Sensors Based on Polymer Nanofibers Scaffolds. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:4532-4539. [PMID: 32272836 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An effectual and understandable route for the fabrication techniques of stereoscopic NO2 sensor is provided in this work. As the gas-sensing layer of the sensor, copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) grew on the top of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanofibers (NFs). The sensitivity of the CuPc/PVA NFs stereoscopic sensors to NO2 was over 829%/ppm, while the sensitivity of the continuous CuPc films sensors was 2 orders of magnitude lower than that of the stereoscopic ones. To the responsivities at 25 ppm of NO2, the CuPc/PVA NFs stereoscopic sensors were about four times stronger than that of the continuous CuPc films sensors. For the recovery time, the CuPc/PVA NFs stereoscopic sensors were over eight times faster than the continuous CuPc films sensors. This general tactic can be used to prepare various toxic gas sensors to improve the overall performance of the devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, P R China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, P R China
| | - Guocheng Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, P R China
| | - Qiang Xie
- School of Chemical Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, P R China
| | - Sai Zhong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, P R China
| | - Xin Su
- School of Chemical Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, P R China
| | - Yuhang Hou
- School of Chemical Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, P R China
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, P R China
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John AS, Roth MW, Firlej L, Kuchta B, Charra F, Wexler C. Self-Assembled Two-Dimensional Nanoporous Crystals as Molecular Sieves: Molecular Dynamics Studies of 1,3,5-Tristyrilbenzene-C n Superstructures. J Chem Inf Model 2020; 60:2155-2168. [PMID: 32155335 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Due to their unique geometry complex, self-assembled nanoporous 2D molecular crystals offer a broad landscape of potential applications, ranging from adsorption and catalysis to optoelectronics, substrate processes, and future nanomachine applications. Here we report and discuss the results of extensive all-atom Molecular Dynamics (MD) investigations of self-assembled organic monolayers (SAOM) of interdigitated 1,3,5-tristyrilbenzene (TSB) molecules terminated by alkoxy peripheral chains Cn containing n carbon atoms (TSB3,5-Cn) deposited onto highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). In vacuo structural and electronic properties of the TSB3,5-Cn molecules were initially determined using ab initio second order Møller-Plesset (MP2) calculations. The MD simulations were then used to analyze the behavior of the self-assembled superlattices, including relaxed lattice geometry (in good agreement with experimental results) and stability at ambient temperatures. We show that the intermolecular disordering of the TSB3,5-Cn monolayers arises from competition between decreased rigidity of the alkoxy chains (loss of intramolecular order) and increased stabilization with increasing chain length (afforded by interdigitation). We show that the inclusion of guest organic molecules (e.g., benzene, pyrene, coronene, hexabenzocoronene) into the nanopores (voids formed by interdigitated alkoxy chains) of the TSB3,5-Cn superlattices stabilizes the superstructure, and we highlight the importance of alkoxy chain mobility and available pore space in the dynamics of the systems and their potential application in selective adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander St John
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
| | - Michael W Roth
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States.,Physics Department, Waldorf University, Forest City, Iowa 50436, United States
| | - Lucyna Firlej
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States.,Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, CNRS-Université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Bogdan Kuchta
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States.,Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland.,Laboratoire MADRIEL, Aix-Marseille Université-CNRS, 13007 Marseille, France
| | - Fabrice Charra
- Service de Physique de l'État Condensé (SPEC), Université Paris Saclay, CEA CNRS UMR-3680 CEA Saclay F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Carlos Wexler
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211, United States
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28
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Chen H, Zhang W, Li M, He G, Guo X. Interface Engineering in Organic Field-Effect Transistors: Principles, Applications, and Perspectives. Chem Rev 2020; 120:2879-2949. [PMID: 32078296 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneous interfaces that are ubiquitous in optoelectronic devices play a key role in the device performance and have led to the prosperity of today's microelectronics. Interface engineering provides an effective and promising approach to enhancing the device performance of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) and even developing new functions. In fact, researchers from different disciplines have devoted considerable attention to this concept, which has started to evolve from simple improvement of the device performance to sophisticated construction of novel functionalities, indicating great potential for further applications in broad areas ranging from integrated circuits and energy conversion to catalysis and chemical/biological sensors. In this review article, we provide a timely and comprehensive overview of current efficient approaches developed for building various delicate functional interfaces in OFETs, including interfaces within the semiconductor layers, semiconductor/electrode interfaces, semiconductor/dielectric interfaces, and semiconductor/environment interfaces. We also highlight the major contributions and new concepts of integrating molecular functionalities into electrical circuits, which have been neglected in most previous reviews. This review will provide a fundamental understanding of the interplay between the molecular structure, assembly, and emergent functions at the molecular level and consequently offer novel insights into designing a new generation of multifunctional integrated circuits and sensors toward practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Weining Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Mingliang Li
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Gen He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
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29
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Sharma MK, Blomeyer S, Glodde T, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Hinz A, van Gastel M, Ghadwal RS. Isolation of singlet carbene derived 2-phospha-1,3-butadienes and their sequential one-electron oxidation to radical cations and dications. Chem Sci 2020; 11:1975-1984. [PMID: 34123292 PMCID: PMC8148328 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05598c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A synthetic strategy for the 2-phospha-1,3-butadiene derivatives [{(IPr)C(Ph)}P(cAACMe)] (3a) and [{(IPr)C(Ph)}P(cAACCy)] (3b) (IPr = C{(NDipp)CH}2, Dipp = 2,6-iPr2C6H3; cAACMe = C{(NDipp)CMe2CH2CMe2}; cAACCy = C{(NDipp)CMe2CH2C(Cy)}, Cy = cyclohexyl) containing a C
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
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C–PC framework has been established. Compounds 3a and 3b have a remarkably small HOMO–LUMO energy gap (3a: 5.09; 3b: 5.05 eV) with a very high-lying HOMO (−4.95 eV for each). Consequently, 3a and 3b readily undergo one-electron oxidation with the mild oxidizing agent GaCl3 to afford radical cations [{(IPr)C(Ph)}P(cAACR)]GaCl4 (R = Me 4a, Cy 4b) as crystalline solids. The main UV-vis absorption band for 4a and 4b is red-shifted with respect to that of 3a and 3b, which is associated with the SOMO related transitions. The EPR spectra of compounds 4a and 4b each exhibit a doublet due to coupling of the unpaired electron with the 31P nucleus. Further one-electron removal from the radical cations 4a and 4b is also feasible with GaCl3, affording the dications [{(IPr)C(Ph)}P(cAACR)](GaCl4)2 (R = Me 5a, Cy 5b) as yellow crystals. The molecular structures of compounds 3–5 have been determined by X-ray diffraction and analyzed by DFT calculations. The 2-phospha-1,3-butadiene derivatives 3 are readily accessible by reduction of 2 with Mg. Sequential one-electron oxidation of 3 with GaCl3 leads to the formation of radical cations 4 and dications 5 as crystalline solids.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahendra K Sharma
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstrasse 25 Bielefeld D-33615 Germany
| | - Sebastian Blomeyer
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstrasse 25 Bielefeld D-33615 Germany
| | - Timo Glodde
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstrasse 25 Bielefeld D-33615 Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstrasse 25 Bielefeld D-33615 Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstrasse 25 Bielefeld D-33615 Germany
| | - Alexander Hinz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstr. 15 D-76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Maurice van Gastel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Molecular Theory and Spectroscopy Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 Mülheim an der Ruhr D-45470 Germany
| | - Rajendra S Ghadwal
- Molecular Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Center for Molecular Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstrasse 25 Bielefeld D-33615 Germany
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30
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meso-Substituted BODIPYs as supramolecular building blocks of ordered Langmuir–Blodgett films: structural and morphological characterization. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-019-02521-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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31
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Cui D, MacLeod JM, Rosei F. Planar Anchoring of C 70 Liquid Crystals Using a Covalent Organic Framework Template. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1903294. [PMID: 31513362 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201903294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The surface-induced anchoring effect is a well-developed technique to control the growth of liquid crystals (LCs). Nevertheless, a defined nanometer-scale template has never been used to induce the anchored growth of LCs with molecular building units. Scanning tunneling microscopy results at the solid/liquid interface reveal that a 2D covalent organic framework (COF-1) can offer an anchoring effect to template C70 molecules into forming several LC mesophases, which cannot be obtained under other conditions. Through comparison with the C60 system, a stepwise breakdown in ordering of C70 LC is observed. The process is described in terms of the effects of molecular anisotropy on the epitaxial growth of molecular crystals. The results suggest that using a surface-confined template to anchor the initial layer of LC molecules can be a modular and potentially broadly applicable approach for organizing molecular mesogens into LCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daling Cui
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec, J3 × 1S2, Canada
| | - Jennifer M MacLeod
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec, J3 × 1S2, Canada
- School of Chemistry Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4000, QLD, Australia
| | - Federico Rosei
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec, J3 × 1S2, Canada
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32
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Sun J, Choi Y, Choi YJ, Kim S, Park JH, Lee S, Cho JH. 2D-Organic Hybrid Heterostructures for Optoelectronic Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1803831. [PMID: 30786064 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201803831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The unique properties of hybrid heterostructures have motivated the integration of two or more different types of nanomaterials into a single optoelectronic device structure. Despite the promising features of organic semiconductors, such as their acceptable optoelectronic properties, availability of low-cost processes for their fabrication, and flexibility, further optimization of both material properties and device performances remains to be achieved. With the emergence of atomically thin 2D materials, they have been integrated with conventional organic semiconductors to form multidimensional heterostructures that overcome the present limitations and provide further opportunities in the field of optoelectronics. Herein, a comprehensive review of emerging 2D-organic heterostructures-from their synthesis and fabrication to their state-of-the-art optoelectronic applications-is presented. Future challenges and opportunities associated with these heterostructures are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Sun
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Super Microstructure and Ultrafast Process, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Yongsuk Choi
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Choi
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongchan Kim
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hong Park
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjoo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Cho
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nano Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
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33
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Ester DF, McKearney D, Herasymchuk K, Williams VE. Heterocycle Effects on the Liquid Crystallinity of Terthiophene Analogues. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E2314. [PMID: 31331059 PMCID: PMC6678929 DOI: 10.3390/ma12142314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Liquid crystalline self-assembly offers the potential to create highly ordered, uniformly aligned, and defect-free thin-film organic semiconductors. Analogues of one of the more promising classes of liquid crystal semiconductors, 5,5"-dialkyl-α-terthiophenes, were prepared in order to investigate the effects of replacing the central thiophene with either an oxadiazole or a thiadiazole ring. The phase behaviour was examined by differential scanning calorimetry, polarized optical microscopy, and variable temperature x-ray diffraction. While the oxadiazole derivative was not liquid crystalline, thiadiazole derivatives formed smectic C and soft crystal lamellar phases, and maintained lamellar order down to room temperature. Variation of the terminal alkyl chains also influenced the observed phase sequence. Single crystal structures revealed the face-to-face orientation of molecules within the layers in the solid-state, a packing motif that is rationalized based on the shape and dipole of the thiadiazole ring, as corroborated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The solution opto-electronic properties of the systems were characterized by absorption and emission spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT).
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Ester
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Declan McKearney
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Khrystyna Herasymchuk
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Vance E Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
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34
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Enhanced photoelectrical response of thermodynamically epitaxial organic crystals at the two-dimensional limit. Nat Commun 2019; 10:756. [PMID: 30765699 PMCID: PMC6375977 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08573-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to strong light-matter interaction, two-dimensional (2D) organic crystal is regarded as promising materials for ultrasensitive photodetectors, however it still received limited success due to degraded photoelectrical response and problems in controllable growth. Here, we find the growth of 2D organic crystal obeys Gibbs-Curie-Wulff law, and develop a seed-epitaxial drop-casting method to grow millimeter-sized 1,4-bis(4-methylstyryl)benzene 2D crystals on SiO2/Si in a thermodynamically controlled process. On SiO2/Si, a distinct 2D limit effect is observed, which remarkably enhances internal photoresponsivity compared with bulk crystals. Experiment and calculation show the molecules stack more compactly at the 2D limit, thus better molecular orbital overlap and corresponding changes in the band structure lead to efficient separation and transfer of photo-generated carriers as well as enhanced photo-gating modulation. This work provides a general insight into the growth and the dimension effect of the 2D organic crystal, which is valuable for the application in high-performance photoelectrical devices. To realize efficient optoelectronic devices based on two-dimensional (2D) organic crystals, optimizing the photoelectrical response and growth of these materials at the 2D limit is vital. Here, the authors report enhanced internal photoresponse in large-area 2D crystals using a novel growth method.
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35
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Karagöz E, Fiat Varol S, Sayın S, Merdan Z. Electrical characterization of two analogous Schottky contacts produced from N-substituted 1,8-naphthalimide. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:30502-30513. [PMID: 30511079 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp04136a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the interface states (Nss) in pure Al//p-Si/Al, Al/N-F Nft/p-Si/Al and Al/N-T Nft/p-Si/Al Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs). N-Substituted 1,8-naphthalimide thin films were deposited on a p-Si substrate by spin coating and annealed at ∼200 °C for 60 s under an air atmosphere. Al contacts were obtained via reactive magnetron sputtering. The current voltage (I-V) characteristics of the SBDs were measured at room temperature. From the I-V characteristics, the SBDs ideality factor (n) and zero-bias barrier height values (Φb) of 1.27, 1.00, and 1.05 and 0.66 eV, 0.70 eV, and 0.64 eV were observed for the Al//p-Si/Al, Al/N-F Nft/p-Si/Al and Al/N-T Nft/p-Si/Al Schottky barrier diodes, respectively. The interface state density distribution profile (Nss) as a function of (Ess-Ev) was extracted from the forward-bias I-V measurements by considering the effective barrier height and (Φe) and series resistance (Rs) of the Schottky diode. The obtained Nss plot tendency showed that the existence of interface states has no significant effect on the rectifying and capacitance characteristics. The Nss values with the 1,8-naphthalimide layer were lower than that without it. This shows that naphthalimide exhibits a strong contribution by blocking the unwanted states and some traps in the conduction mechanism, which may cause possible cracks or deep paths for carriers to travel along the junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Karagöz
- Giresun University, Faculty of Engineering, Energy Systems Engineering, 28200, Giresun, Turkey
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36
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Sun H, Wang L, Wang Y, Guo X. Imide‐Functionalized Polymer Semiconductors. Chemistry 2018; 25:87-105. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huiliang Sun
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials & Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials & DevicesSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou Guangdong 510640 China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
- The Co-Innovation Center of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Tianjin, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of ChemistryNankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Yingfeng Wang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
| | - Xugang Guo
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Guangdong 518055 China
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37
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Jiang S, Qian J, Duan Y, Wang H, Guo J, Guo Y, Liu X, Wang Q, Shi Y, Li Y. Millimeter-Sized Two-Dimensional Molecular Crystalline Semiconductors with Precisely Defined Molecular Layers via Interfacial-Interaction-Modulated Self-Assembly. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:6755-6760. [PMID: 30415550 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b03108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The newly emerging field in organic electronics is to control the molecule-substrate interface properties at a two-dimensional (2D) limit via interfacial interactions, which paves the way for driving the molecular assembly for highly ordered 2D molecular crystalline films with precise molecular layers and large-area uniformity. Here, by exploiting molecule-substrate van der Waals (vdW) interactions, we demonstrate thermally induced self-assembly of 2D organic crystalline films exhibiting well-defined molecular layer number over a millimeter-sized area. The organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) with bilayer films show excellent electrical performance with a maximum mobility of 12.8 cm2 V-1 s-1. Moreover, we find that the monolayer films can act as interfacial molecular templates to construct heterojunctions with well-balanced ambipolar transport behaviors. The capability of thermally induced self-assembly of 2D molecular crystalline films with controllable molecular layers and scale-up coverage opens up a way for realizing complicated electronic applications, such as lateral heterojunctions and superlattices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Jiang
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210093 , P. R. China
| | - Jun Qian
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210093 , P. R. China
| | - Yiwei Duan
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210093 , P. R. China
| | - Hengyuan Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210093 , P. R. China
| | - Jianhang Guo
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210093 , P. R. China
| | - Yu Guo
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210093 , P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Liu
- Nanjing Foreign Language School , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210008 , P. R. China
| | - Qijing Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210093 , P. R. China
| | - Yi Shi
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210093 , P. R. China
| | - Yun Li
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures , Nanjing University , Nanjing , Jiangsu 210093 , P. R. China
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38
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Gryn'ova G, Lin KH, Corminboeuf C. Read between the Molecules: Computational Insights into Organic Semiconductors. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:16370-16386. [PMID: 30395466 PMCID: PMC6287891 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b07985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
performance and key electronic properties of molecular organic
semiconductors are dictated by the interplay between the chemistry
of the molecular core and the intermolecular factors of which manipulation
has inspired both experimentalists and theorists. This Perspective
presents major computational challenges and modern methodological
strategies to advance the field. The discussion ranges from insights
and design principles at the quantum chemical level, in-depth atomistic
modeling based on multiscale protocols, morphological prediction and
characterization as well as energy-property maps involving data-driven
analysis. A personal overview of the past achievements and future
direction is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganna Gryn'ova
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Kun-Han Lin
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland.,Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design and National Center for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL) , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Clémence Corminboeuf
- Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland.,Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design and National Center for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL) , École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , 1015 Lausanne , Switzerland
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39
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Wu SC, Strover LT, Yao X, Chen XQ, Xiao WJ, Liu LN, Wang J, Visoly-Fisher I, Katz EA, Li WS. UV-Cross-linkable Donor-Acceptor Polymers Bearing a Photostable Conjugated Backbone for Efficient and Stable Organic Photovoltaics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:35430-35440. [PMID: 30247021 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b11506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
High-performance photovoltaic polymers bearing cross-linkable function together with a photorobust conjugated backbone are highly desirable for organic solar cells to achieve both high device efficiency and long-term stability. In this study, a family of such polymers is reported based on poly[(2,5-bis(2-hexyldecyloxy)phenylene)- alt-(5,6-difluoro-4,7-di(thiophen-2-yl)benzo[ c]-[1,2,5]thiadiazole)] (PPDT2FBT), a high-performance photovoltaic donor-acceptor polymer, with different contents of terminal vinyl-appended side chains for cross-linking. The polymers were named PPDT2FBT-V x and prepared by varying the feeding ratio ( x mol %, x = 0, 5, 10, and 15) of the vinyl-appended monomer in polymerization. It was found that the vinyl integration did not sacrifice the original high photovoltaic performance of the polymers, as evidenced by comparable average power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) (6.95, 7.02, and 7.63%) observed for optimized devices based on PPDT2FBT-V0, PPDT2FBT-V5, and PPDT2FBT-V10, respectively, in blending with [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM). Unlike thermal cross-linking that greatly reduced device efficiency, UV cross-linking has proven to be an effective way to achieve both high device efficiency and thermostability for PPDT2FBT-V10 solar cells. UV-cross-linked PPDT2FBT-V10 solar cells displayed an initial average PCE of 5.28% and almost no decrease upon heat treatment at 120 °C for 40 h. Morphology studies revealed that UV-cross-linking did not only alter initial nanophase separation but also suppressed morphology evolution by aggregation in bulk heterojunction blend films. Photo-cross-linking requires material photostability. It is therefore worthwhile to note that these polymers and their blends with PC71BM were found to be extremely photostable, even upon continuous exposure to concentrated sunlight (up to 200 suns), and UV-cross-linking does not hamper this photostability. Further studies found that the devices fabricated with the UV-cross-linked PPDT2FBT-V10/PC71BM active layer can endure continuous light exposure to a solar simulator without deteriorating their performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Cheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Lisa T Strover
- Department of Solar Energy and Environmental Physics, Swiss Institute for Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research (BIDR) , Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Sede Boqer Campus , Midreshet Ben-Gurion 8499000 , Israel
| | - Xiang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Xue-Qiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Wen-Jing Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Li-Na Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Jiandong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Iris Visoly-Fisher
- Department of Solar Energy and Environmental Physics, Swiss Institute for Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research (BIDR) , Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Sede Boqer Campus , Midreshet Ben-Gurion 8499000 , Israel
| | - Eugene A Katz
- Department of Solar Energy and Environmental Physics, Swiss Institute for Dryland Environmental and Energy Research, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research (BIDR) , Ben-Gurion University of the Negev , Sede Boqer Campus , Midreshet Ben-Gurion 8499000 , Israel
| | - Wei-Shi Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Self-Assembly Chemistry for Organic Functional Molecules, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences , 345 Lingling Road , Shanghai 200032 , China
- Engineering Research Center of Zhengzhou for High Performance Organic Functional Materials , Zhengzhou Institute of Technology , 6 Yingcai Street , Huiji District, Zhengzhou 450044 , China
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40
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Cui D, MacLeod JM, Rosei F. Probing functional self-assembled molecular architectures with solution/solid scanning tunnelling microscopy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:10527-10539. [PMID: 30079923 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc04341h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, solution/solid STM has made clear contributions to our fundamental understanding of the thermodynamic and kinetic processes that occur in molecular self-assembly at surfaces. As the field matures, we provide an overview of how solution/solid STM is emerging as a tool to elucidate and guide the use of self-assembled molecular systems in practical applications, focusing on small molecule device engineering, molecular recognition and sensing and electronic modification of 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daling Cui
- INRS-Energy, Materials and Telecommunications and Center for Self-Assembled Chemical Structures, Varennes, Quebec J3X 1S2, Canada.
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41
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Velpula G, Li M, Hu Y, Zagranyarski Y, Pisula W, Müllen K, Mali KS, De Feyter S. Hydrogen-Bonded Donor-Acceptor Arrays at the Solution-Graphite Interface. Chemistry 2018; 24:12071-12077. [PMID: 30015381 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Controlling the nanoscale morphology of organic thin films represents a critical challenge in the fabrication of organic (opto)electronic devices. The morphology of the (multicomponent) thin films in turn depends on the mutual orientation of the molecular components and their supramolecular packing on the surface. Here, it is shown how the surface co-assembly of electron-donating and -accepting building blocks can be controlled via (supra)molecular design. Hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC) derivatives with multiple hydrogen-bonding (H-bonding) sites were synthesized and their co-assembly with alkyl-substituted perylene tetracarboxy diimide (PDI) was studied using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) at the solution-graphite interface. STM data shows that electron-rich HBCs co-assemble laterally with electron deficient PDIs via preprogrammed H-bonding sites with high fidelity. The surface stoichiometry of the two components could be readily tuned by changing the number of H-bonding sites on the HBC derivatives via organic synthesis. This model study highlights the utility of (supra)molecular design in co-assembly of building blocks relevant for organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangamallaiah Velpula
- KU Leuven, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Current address: Molecular Materials and Nanosystems, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600, MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Yunbin Hu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yulian Zagranyarski
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Wojciech Pisula
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Molecular Physics, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Zeromskiego 116, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kunal S Mali
- KU Leuven, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven De Feyter
- KU Leuven, Division of Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
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42
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Wang H, Lin H, Fan X, Ostendorp S, Wang Y, Huang L, Jiang L, Li Y, Wilde G, Fuchs H, Wang W, Chi L. Positioning growth of NPB crystalline nanowires on the PTCDA nanocrystal template. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:10262-10267. [PMID: 29790565 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr02085j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Non-planar organic molecules often form amorphous films via vapor phase deposition on surfaces. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time that direct crystalline growth of non-planar NPB is possible when the orientation of initially deposited molecules on a PTCDA nanocrystal template is controlled to make it analogous to the structure of the molecular crystal. The crystalline NPB nanowires can be further positioned by controlling the site-selective growth of PTCDA nanocrystal templates at pre-determined locations. Short channel bottom contact OFET array with the NPB nanowires directly grown on electrodes were subsequently fabricated. The hole mobility of NPB nanowires is improved by 40-fold in comparison to that of the amorphous films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Physikalisches Institut and Center for Nanotechnology (CeNTech), Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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43
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Bonaccorso C, Cesaretti A, Elisei F, Mencaroni L, Spalletti A, Fortuna CG. New Styryl Phenanthroline Derivatives as Model D-π-A-π-D Materials for Non-Linear Optics. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:1917-1929. [PMID: 29702737 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Four novel push-pull systems combining a central phenanthroline acceptor moiety and two substituted benzene rings, as a part of the conjugated π-system between the donor and the acceptor moieties, have been synthetized through a straightforward and efficient one-step procedure. The chromophores display high fluorescence and a peculiar fluorosolvatochromic behaviour. Ultrafast investigation by means of state-of-the-art femtosecond-resolved transient absorption and fluorescence up-conversion spectroscopies allowed the role of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) states to be evidenced, also revealing the crucial role played by both, the polarity and proticity of the medium on the excited state dynamics of the chromophores. The ICT processes, responsible for the solvatochromism, also lead to interesting non-linear optical (NLO) properties: namely great two photon absorption cross-sections (hundreds of GM), investigated by the Two Photon Excited Fluorescence (TPEF) technique, and large second order hyperpolarizability coefficients, estimated through a convenient solvatochromic method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Bonaccorso
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Alessio Cesaretti
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and Centro di Eccellenza sui Materiali Innovativi Nanostrutturati (CEMIN), University of Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Fausto Elisei
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and Centro di Eccellenza sui Materiali Innovativi Nanostrutturati (CEMIN), University of Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Letizia Mencaroni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and Centro di Eccellenza sui Materiali Innovativi Nanostrutturati (CEMIN), University of Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Anna Spalletti
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and Centro di Eccellenza sui Materiali Innovativi Nanostrutturati (CEMIN), University of Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Cosimo G Fortuna
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
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44
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Janica I, Patroniak V, Samorì P, Ciesielski A. Imine-Based Architectures at Surfaces and Interfaces: From Self-Assembly to Dynamic Covalent Chemistry in 2D. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:465-481. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201701629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Janica
- Faculty of Chemistry; Adam Mickiewicz University; Umultowska 89b 61-614 Poznań Poland
- Centre for Advanced Technologies; Adam Mickiewicz University; Umultowska 89c 61-614 Poznań Poland
| | - Violetta Patroniak
- Faculty of Chemistry; Adam Mickiewicz University; Umultowska 89b 61-614 Poznań Poland
| | - Paolo Samorì
- CNRS, ISIS; Université de Strasbourg; 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Artur Ciesielski
- CNRS, ISIS; Université de Strasbourg; 8 allée Gaspard Monge 67000 Strasbourg France
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45
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Feng Z, Kladnik G, Comelli G, Dri C, Cossaro A. Growth of regular nanometric molecular arrays on a functional 2D template based on a chemical guest-host approach. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:2067-2072. [PMID: 29323391 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr08017d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A regular 2D array of crown molecules, which would spontaneously self-assemble into disordered molecular clusters, is obtained by exploiting a guest-host process, based on the chemical affinity between amino and carboxylic groups on a gold surface. First a carboxylic organic template is formed, which then serves as a host for amino-functionalized crown molecules. The amino-carboxylic interaction thereby drives the formation of a monolayer of guest molecules, regularly distributed at the nanometer scale, preventing their aggregation in unordered clusters observed on a bare gold surface. This method, which can be applied to other guest molecules, represents a novel route to overcome the shape-matching requirements of the standard guest-host architectures. Furthermore, it is intrinsically selective, due to the chemical nature of the anchoring process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijing Feng
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá di Trieste, via A. Valerio 2, I-34127 Trieste, Italy
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46
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Izawa S, Nakano K, Suzuki K, Chen Y, Kikitsu T, Hashizume D, Koganezawa T, Nguyen TQ, Tajima K. Crystallization and Polymorphism of Organic Semiconductor in Thin Film Induced by Surface Segregated Monolayers. Sci Rep 2018; 8:481. [PMID: 29323176 PMCID: PMC5764981 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18881-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Preparation of highly crystalline organic semiconductor films is vital to achieving high performance in electronic devices. Here we report that surface segregated monolayers (SSMs) on top of phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) thin films induce crystal growth in the bulk, resulting in a dramatic change in the structure to form a new crystal phase. Highly ordered crystalline films with large domain sizes of several hundreds of nanometers are formed with uniaxial orientation of the crystal structure perpendicular to the substrate. The molecular rearrangements in SSMs trigger the nucleation at a lower temperature than that for the spontaneous nucleation in PCBM. The vertical charge mobility in the SSM-induced crystal domains of PCBM is five times higher than in the ordinary polycrystalline domains. Using surface monolayers may be a new strategy for controlling crystal structures and obtaining high-quality organic thin films by post-deposition crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiichiro Izawa
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
- Institute for Molecular Science, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Kyohei Nakano
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kaori Suzuki
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yujiao Chen
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tomoka Kikitsu
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hashizume
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Koganezawa
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
| | - Thuc-Quyen Nguyen
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Keisuke Tajima
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.
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47
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Ishibashi Y, Arinishi M, Katayama T, Miyasaka H, Asahi T. Femtosecond excited-state dynamics of fullerene-C60 nanoparticles in water. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:958-966. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06746a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond excited-state dynamics of fullerene-C60 nanoparticles (nC60) having a mean size of 50 nm dispersed in pure water was studied by means of femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihide Ishibashi
- Department of Materials Science and Biotechnology
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering
- Ehime University
- Matsuyama
- Japan
| | - Miya Arinishi
- Department of Materials Science and Biotechnology
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering
- Ehime University
- Matsuyama
- Japan
| | - Tetsuro Katayama
- Division of Frontier Materials Science
- Graduate School of Engineering Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka
- Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyasaka
- Division of Frontier Materials Science
- Graduate School of Engineering Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka
- Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Asahi
- Department of Materials Science and Biotechnology
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering
- Ehime University
- Matsuyama
- Japan
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48
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Torres-Moya I, Arrechea-Marcos I, Tardío C, Carrillo JR, Díaz-Ortiz Á, López Navarrete JT, Ruiz Delgado MC, Prieto P, Ortiz RP. D–A–D 2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole derivatives as p-type semiconductors in organic field-effect transistors. RSC Adv 2018; 8:21879-21888. [PMID: 35541748 PMCID: PMC9081082 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra03246g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of Donor–π–Acceptor–π–Donor compounds based on a 2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole core branched with different alkynyl donor groups has been characterized and tested in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). The electronic and molecular structures were elucidated through optical and vibrational spectroscopy in conjunction with DFT calculations. The results indicate that the planarity of the structure and the good intramolecular charge transfer from the electron-donating to the electron-withdrawing fragments play a critical role in the application of the compounds as semiconductors in OFET devices. The compounds were tested in a top-contact/bottom-gate thin film transistor architecture, and they behave as p-type semiconductors. A series of Donor–π–Acceptor–π–Donor compounds based on a 2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole core branched with different alkynyl donor groups has been characterized and tested in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Torres-Moya
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemical and Technologies Sciences
- University of Castilla La Mancha-IRICA
- 13071 Ciudad Real
- Spain
| | - Iratxe Arrechea-Marcos
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- University of Málaga
- 29071 Málaga
- Spain
| | - Carlos Tardío
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemical and Technologies Sciences
- University of Castilla La Mancha-IRICA
- 13071 Ciudad Real
- Spain
| | - José R. Carrillo
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemical and Technologies Sciences
- University of Castilla La Mancha-IRICA
- 13071 Ciudad Real
- Spain
| | - Ángel Díaz-Ortiz
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemical and Technologies Sciences
- University of Castilla La Mancha-IRICA
- 13071 Ciudad Real
- Spain
| | | | - M. Carmen Ruiz Delgado
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- University of Málaga
- 29071 Málaga
- Spain
| | - Pilar Prieto
- Department of Organic Chemistry
- Faculty of Chemical and Technologies Sciences
- University of Castilla La Mancha-IRICA
- 13071 Ciudad Real
- Spain
| | - Rocío Ponce Ortiz
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- University of Málaga
- 29071 Málaga
- Spain
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49
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Lu G, Wang K, Kong X, Pan H, Zhang J, Chen Y, Jiang J. Binuclear Phthalocyanine Dimer-Containing Yttrium Double-Decker Ambipolar Semiconductor with Sensitive Response toward Oxidizing NO2
and Reducing NH3. ChemElectroChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201701117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guang Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of, Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials; University of Science and Technology Beijing; Beijing 100083 China
| | - Kang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of, Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials; University of Science and Technology Beijing; Beijing 100083 China
| | - Xia Kong
- School of Science; China University of Petroleum (East China); Qingdao 266580 China
| | - Houhe Pan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of, Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials; University of Science and Technology Beijing; Beijing 100083 China
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of, Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials; University of Science and Technology Beijing; Beijing 100083 China
| | - Yanli Chen
- School of Science; China University of Petroleum (East China); Qingdao 266580 China
| | - Jianzhuang Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of, Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials; University of Science and Technology Beijing; Beijing 100083 China
- School of Science; China University of Petroleum (East China); Qingdao 266580 China
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50
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Yun DJ, Kim S, Jung C, Lee CS, Sohn H, Won JY, Kim YS, Chung J, Heo S, Kim SH, Seol M, Shin WH. Direct characterization of graphene doping state by in situ photoemission spectroscopy with Ar gas cluster ion beam sputtering. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 20:615-622. [PMID: 29227482 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp06450k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of an in situ photoemission spectroscopy (PES) system, we propose a novel, direct diagnosis method for the characterization of graphene (Gr) doping states at organic semiconductor (OSC)/electrode interfaces. Our in situ PES system enables ultraviolet/X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS/XPS) measurements during the OSC growth or removal process. We directly deposit C60 films on three different p-type dopants-gold chloride (AuCl3), (trifluoromethyl-sulfonyl)imide (TFSI), and nitric acid (HNO3). We periodically characterize the chemical/electronic state changes of the C60/Gr structures during their aging processes under ambient conditions. Depositing the OSC on the p-type doped Gr also prevents severe degradation of the electrical properties, with almost negligible transition over one month, while the p-type doped Gr without an OSC changes a lot following one month of aging. Our results indicate that the chemical/electronic structures of the Gr layer are completely reflected in the energy level alignments at the C60/Gr interfaces. Therefore, we strongly believe that the variation of energy level alignments at the OSC/graphene interface is a key standard for determining the doping state of graphene after a certain period of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Jin Yun
- Analytical Science Laboratory, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, 130 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyun Kim
- Materials Research Center Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, 130 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhoon Jung
- Analytical Science Laboratory, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, 130 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Seok Lee
- Analytical Science Laboratory, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, 130 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Hiesang Sohn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Won
- Analytical Science Laboratory, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, 130 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Su Kim
- Analytical Science Laboratory, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, 130 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - JaeGwan Chung
- Analytical Science Laboratory, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, 130 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Heo
- Analytical Science Laboratory, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, 130 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Heon Kim
- Analytical Science Laboratory, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, 130 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsu Seol
- Graphene Center Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, 130 Samsung-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 16678, Republic of Korea.
| | - Weon Ho Shin
- Energy Materials Center, Energy & Environment Division, Korea Institute of Ceramic Engineering & Technology, 101 Soho-ro, Jinju-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 52851, Republic of Korea.
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