1
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Fan S, Burn PL, Gentle IR, Shaw PE. Effect of Silyl Ether Bulk on Excited-State Intramolecular Proton Transfer-Based Sensing of Extant Hydrogen Fluoride for G-Series Nerve Agent Detection. ACS Sens 2024. [PMID: 39133300 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c00341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Luminescence-based sensing provides a method for the rapid detection of nerve agents. Previous approaches have generally focused on sensing materials containing a nucleophilic group that can react with the electrophilic phosphorus atom found in nerve agents. Herein we report an alternative approach for the detection of phosphonofluoridate-based G-series nerve agents that utilizes the fact they contain hydrogen fluoride. We have developed silylated sensing materials based on an excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) reporter compound, 2-[benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl]phenol. Thin films of differently silylated 2-[benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl]phenol were found to react with the hydrogen fluoride found in di-iso-propyl fluorophosphate (DFP), a simulant of sarin (G-series nerve agent), and turn on the ESIPT emission of the reporter compound. The use of the ESIPT emission reduced the impact of background fluorescence and improved the sensitivity of the detection. The effectiveness of the approach was dependent on the stability of the silyl protecting group used, with the least sterically hindered (trimethylsilyl) found to be too unstable to the ambient environment while the most sterically hindered, e.g., tri-iso-propylsilyl and tert-butyldiphenylsilyl were found to be insufficiently reactive to be useful in a real detection scenario. The sensing material composed of the tert-butyl dimethylsilyl protected 2-[benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl]phenol was found to have the best balance between stability under ambient conditions, and reactivity and selectivity to hydrogen fluoride. In a 3 s exposure, it could detect hydrogen fluoride down to a concentration of around 23 ppm in DFP with 99% purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengqiang Fan
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics (COPE), School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Paul L Burn
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics (COPE), School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ian R Gentle
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics (COPE), School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Paul E Shaw
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics (COPE), School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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2
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Puglisi R, Santonocito R, Pappalardo A, Trusso Sfrazzetto G. Smart Sensing of Nerve Agents. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202400098. [PMID: 38647287 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202400098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The recent international scenario highlights the importance to protect human health and environmental quality from toxic compounds. In this context, organophosphorous (OP) Nerve Agents (NAs) have received particular attention, due to their use in terrorist attacks. Classical instrumental detection techniques are sensitive and selective, but they cannot be used in real field due to the high cost, specialized personnel requested and huge size. For these reasons, the development of practical, easy and fast detection methods (smart methods) is the future of this field. Indeed, starting from initial sensing research, based on optical and/or electrical sensors, today the development and use of smart strategies to detect NAs is the current state of the art. This review summarizes the smart strategies to detect NAs, highlighting some important parameters, such as linearity, limit of detection and selectivity. Furthermore, some critical comments of the future on this field, and in particular, the problems to be solved before a real application of these methods, are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Puglisi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Rossella Santonocito
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Pappalardo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
- INSTM Udr of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Trusso Sfrazzetto
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
- INSTM Udr of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
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3
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Jang HJ, Yun G, Shim H, Hwang SY, Kim SY, Kim J, Jung H, Khan MM, Sohn Y. Ultraviolet Light-Assisted Decontamination of Chemical Warfare Agent Simulant 2-Chloroethyl Phenyl Sulfide on Metal-Loaded TiO 2/Ti Surfaces. ChemistryOpen 2024; 13:e202300246. [PMID: 38377228 PMCID: PMC11319225 DOI: 10.1002/open.202300246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The application of ultraviolet (UV) light for the decontamination of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) has gained recognition as an effective method, especially for treating hard-to-reach areas where wet chemical methods are impractical. In this study, TiO2/Ti was employed as a model catalyst, which was contaminated with 2-chloroethyl phenyl sulfide (CEPS), and subjected to photocatalytic decontamination using both UVB and UVC light. Additionally, photocatalytic decontamination efficiency by introducing Au, Pt, and Cu onto the TiO2/Ti surface was explored. During the photodecomposition process under UVC light, at least eight distinct secondary byproducts were identified. It was observed that the introduction of overlayer metals did not significantly enhance the photodecomposition under UVC light instead overlaid Au exhibited substantially improved activity under UVB light. Whereas, photodecomposition process under UVB light, only five secondary products were detected, including novel compounds with sulfoxide and sulfone functional groups. This novel study offers valuable insights into the generation of secondary products and sheds light on the roles of overlayer metals and photon wavelength in the photodecontamination process of CWA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Ji. Jang
- Department of ChemistryChungnam National UniversityDaejeon34134Republic of Korea
| | - Gaeun Yun
- Department of ChemistryChungnam National UniversityDaejeon34134Republic of Korea
| | - Huieun Shim
- Department of ChemistryChungnam National UniversityDaejeon34134Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Young Hwang
- Department of ChemistryChungnam National UniversityDaejeon34134Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Kim
- Department of ChemistryChungnam National UniversityDaejeon34134Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongkwon Kim
- Department of ChemistryChungnam National UniversityDaejeon34134Republic of Korea
| | - Heesoo Jung
- Agency for Defense Development (ADD)Daejeon34186Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammad Mansoob Khan
- Chemical SciencesFaculty of ScienceUniversiti Brunei DarussalamJalan Tungku LinkGadongBE 1410Brunei Darussalam
| | - Youngku Sohn
- Department of ChemistryChungnam National UniversityDaejeon34134Republic of Korea
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4
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da Silva VB, Mahy JP, Brazzolotto X, Renard PY, Ricoux R, Legros J. Detoxification of V-Nerve Agents Assisted by a Microperoxidase: New Pathway Revealed by the Use of a Relevant VX Simulant. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202400137. [PMID: 38591336 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The biocatalyzed oxidative detoxification of the V-series simulant PhX, by mean of the microperoxidase AcMP11, affords the corresponding phosphonothioate as the prominent product instead of the classical P-S and P-O bond cleavage. While PhX is structurally very close to the live agent VX (the methyl group is replaced by a phenyl), assessment with other surrogates missing the nucleophilic amino function displayed more resistance under the same conditions with no phosphonothioate observed. These encouraging results highlight 1) the efficacy of AcMP11 microperoxidase to efficiently detoxify V-series organophosphorus nerve agents (OPNA), and 2) the necessity to use representative alkyl or aryl phosphonothioates simulants such as PhX bearing the appropriate side chain as well as the P-O and P-S cleavable bond to mimic accurately the V-series OPNA to prevent false positive or false negative results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean-Pierre Mahy
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Xavier Brazzolotto
- Département de Toxicologie et Risques Chimiques, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 91220, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Renard
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Univ, COBRA, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - Rémy Ricoux
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Julien Legros
- Univ Rouen Normandie, INSA Rouen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Univ, COBRA, F-76000, Rouen, France
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5
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Daliran S, Oveisi AR, Kung CW, Sen U, Dhakshinamoorthy A, Chuang CH, Khajeh M, Erkartal M, Hupp JT. Defect-enabling zirconium-based metal-organic frameworks for energy and environmental remediation applications. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:6244-6294. [PMID: 38743011 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs01057k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
This comprehensive review explores the diverse applications of defective zirconium-based metal-organic frameworks (Zr-MOFs) in energy and environmental remediation. Zr-MOFs have gained significant attention due to their unique properties, and deliberate introduction of defects further enhances their functionality. The review encompasses several areas where defective Zr-MOFs exhibit promise, including environmental remediation, detoxification of chemical warfare agents, photocatalytic energy conversions, and electrochemical applications. Defects play a pivotal role by creating open sites within the framework, facilitating effective adsorption and remediation of pollutants. They also contribute to the catalytic activity of Zr-MOFs, enabling efficient energy conversion processes such as hydrogen production and CO2 reduction. The review underscores the importance of defect manipulation, including control over their distribution and type, to optimize the performance of Zr-MOFs. Through tailored defect engineering and precise selection of functional groups, researchers can enhance the selectivity and efficiency of Zr-MOFs for specific applications. Additionally, pore size manipulation influences the adsorption capacity and transport properties of Zr-MOFs, further expanding their potential in environmental remediation and energy conversion. Defective Zr-MOFs exhibit remarkable stability and synthetic versatility, making them suitable for diverse environmental conditions and allowing for the introduction of missing linkers, cluster defects, or post-synthetic modifications to precisely tailor their properties. Overall, this review highlights the promising prospects of defective Zr-MOFs in addressing energy and environmental challenges, positioning them as versatile tools for sustainable solutions and paving the way for advancements in various sectors toward a cleaner and more sustainable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Daliran
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lorestan University, Khorramabad 68151-44316, Iran.
| | - Ali Reza Oveisi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zabol, P.O. Box: 98615-538, Zabol, Iran.
| | - Chung-Wei Kung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan City 70101, Taiwan.
| | - Unal Sen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Eskisehir Technical University, Eskisehir 26555, Turkey
| | - Amarajothi Dhakshinamoorthy
- Departamento de Quimica, Universitat Politècnica de València, Av. De los Naranjos s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
- School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625021, India
| | - Cheng-Hsun Chuang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, 1 University Road, Tainan City 70101, Taiwan.
| | - Mostafa Khajeh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zabol, P.O. Box: 98615-538, Zabol, Iran.
| | - Mustafa Erkartal
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Design, Bartin University, Bartin 74110, Turkey
| | - Joseph T Hupp
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA.
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6
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Jiang PY, Yuan L, Liu DX, Yu HL, Bi XJ, Lv Q, Yang Y, Liu CC. Revealing nitrogenous VX metabolites and the whole-molecule VX metabolism in the urine of guinea pigs. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 471:134400. [PMID: 38691927 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
VX, a well-known organophosphorus nerve agent (OPNA), poses a significant threat to public safety if employed by terrorists. Obtaining complete metabolites is critical to unequivocally confirm its alleged use/exposure and elucidate its whole-molecular metabolism. However, the nitrogenous VX metabolites containing 2-diisopropylaminoethyl moiety from urinary excretion remain unknown. Therefore, this study applied a newly developed untargeted workflow platform to discover and identify them using VX-exposed guinea pigs as animal models. 2-(N,N-diisopropylamino)ethanesulfonic acid (DiPSA) was revealed as a novel nitrogenous VX metabolite in urine, and 2-(Diisopropylaminoethyl) methyl sulfide (DAEMS) was confirmed as another in plasma, indicating that VX metabolism differed between urine and plasma. It is the first report of a nitrogenous VX metabolite in urine and a complete elucidation of the VX metabolic pathway. DiPSA was evaluated as an excellent VX exposure biomarker. The whole-molecule VX metabolism in urine was characterized entirely for the first time via the simultaneous quantification of DiPSA and two known P-based biomarkers. About 52.1% and 32.4% of VX were excreted in urine as P-based and nitrogenous biomarkers within 24 h. These findings provide valuable insights into the unambiguous detection of OPNA exposure/intoxication and human and environmental exposure risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Ling Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Dong-Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Hui-Lan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Bi
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Qiao Lv
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Chang-Cai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China.
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7
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Fussell ED, Kline ND, Bennin E, Hirschbeck SS, Darko A. Chromogenic Detection of the Organophosphorus Nerve Agent Simulant DCP Mediated by Rhodium(II,II) Paddlewheel Complexes. ACS Sens 2024; 9:2325-2333. [PMID: 38666660 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Organophosphorus nerve agents (OPNAs) pose a great threat to humanity. Possessing extreme toxicity, rapid lethality, and an unassuming appearance, these chemical warfare agents must be quickly and selectively identified so that treatment can be administered to those affected. Chromogenic detection is the most convenient form of OPNA detection, but current methods suffer from false positives. Here, nitrogenous base adducts of dirhodium(II,II) acetate were synthesized and used as chromogenic detectors of diethyl chlorophosphate (DCP), an OPNA simulant. UV-vis spectrophotometry was used to evaluate the sensitivity and selectivity of the complexes in the detection of DCP. Visual limits of detection (LOD) for DCP were as low as 1.5 mM DCP, while UV-vis-based LODs were as low as 0.113 μM. The dirhodium(II,II) complexes were also tested with several potential interferents, none of which produced a visual color change that could be mistaken for OPNA response. Ultimately, the Rh2(OAc)4(1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene)2 complex showed the best combination of detection capability and interferent resistance. These results, when taken together, show that dirhodium(II,II) paddlewheel complexes with nitrogenous base adducts can produce instant, selective, and sensitive detection of DCP. It is our aim to further explore and apply this new motif to produce even more capable OPNA sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Fussell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 1420 Circle Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Neal D Kline
- Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010-5424, United States
| | - Ernest Bennin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 1420 Circle Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Sarah S Hirschbeck
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 1420 Circle Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Ampofo Darko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, 1420 Circle Drive, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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8
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Xiao F, Lei D, Liu C, Li Y, Ren W, Li J, Li D, Zu B, Dou X. Coherent Modulation of the Aggregation Behavior and Intramolecular Charge Transfer in Small Molecule Probes for Sensitive and Long-term Nerve Agent Monitoring. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400453. [PMID: 38323751 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) shows promising performance in chemical sensing relying on the change of the emission behavior of the probe molecule monomers to the aggregated product. However, whether the response contrast could be further boosted by utilizing the emission property of the aggregated probe and the aggregated product remains a big challenge. Here, an exciting AIE probe regulation strategy was proposed by coherently modulating the aggregation behavior and the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) property of the probes and thus an aggregated-to-aggregated colorimetric-fluorescent dual-mode detection was achieved. The blue emissive film obtained with the optimal AIE probe has been proven to be effective to recognize the vapor of nerve agent analog DCP in air by emitting a sharp green fluorescence. In addition, a porous polymer-based wet sensing chip loaded with the probe enables the immediate response to DCP vapor with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.7 ppb, and it was further integrated into a wearable watch device for long-term monitoring of DCP vapor up to two weeks. We expect the present probe design strategy would greatly deepen the AIE-based science and provide new insights for long-term monitoring sensors toward trace hazardous substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Xiao
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Trace Chemicals Sensing, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830000, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Da Lei
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Trace Chemicals Sensing, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830000, China
| | - Chaogan Liu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Trace Chemicals Sensing, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830000, China
| | - Yushu Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Trace Chemicals Sensing, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830000, China
| | - Wenfei Ren
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Trace Chemicals Sensing, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830000, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiguang Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Trace Chemicals Sensing, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830000, China
| | - Dezhong Li
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Trace Chemicals Sensing, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830000, China
| | - Baiyi Zu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Trace Chemicals Sensing, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830000, China
| | - Xincun Dou
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Trace Chemicals Sensing, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics & Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830000, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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9
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Tohora N, Ahamed S, Mahato M, Sultana T, Chourasia J, Maiti A, Das SK. Highly specific and sensitive chromo-fluorogenic detection of sarin, tabun, and mustard gas stimulants: a multianalyte recognition approach. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2024; 23:763-780. [PMID: 38519812 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-024-00553-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Nerve agents are the most notorious substances, which can be fatal to an individual because they block the activity of acetylcholinesterase. Fighting against unpredictable terrorist assaults and wars requires the simple and quick detection of chemical warfare agent vapor. In the present contribution, we have introduced a rhodamine-based chemosensor, BDHA, for the detection of nerve gas-mimicking agents diethylchlorophosphate (DCP) and diethylcyanophosphonate (DCNP) and mustard gas-mimicking agent 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES), both in the liquid and vapor phase. Probe BDHA provides the ability for detection by the naked eye in terms of colorimetric and fluorometric changes. It has been revealed that the interaction between nerve agents mimics and probe BDHA facilitates spirolactam ring opening due to the phosphorylation process. Thus, the highly fluorescent and colored species developed while probe BDHA is colorless and non-fluorescent due to the intramolecular spirolactam ring. Moreover, probe BDHA can effectively recognize DCP, DCNP, and CEES in the µM range despite many toxic analytes and could be identified based on the response times and quantum yield values. Inexpensive, easily carried paper strips-based test kits were developed for the quick, on-location solid and vapor phase detection of these mustard gas imitating agents (CEES) and nerve gas mimicking agents (DCP and DCNP) without needing expensive equipment or skilled personnel. More remarkably, the test strips' color and fluorescence can be rapidly restored, exposing them to triethyl amine (TEA) for cyclic use, suggesting a potential application in the real-time identification of chemical warfare agents. To accomplish the on-location application of BDHA, we have experimented with soil samples to find traces of DCP. Therefore, the chromo-fluorogenic probe BDHA is a promising, instantaneous, and on-the-spot monitoring tool for the selective detection of DCP, DCNP, and CEES in the presence of others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najmin Tohora
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, Darjeeling, West Bengal, 734013, India
| | - Sabbir Ahamed
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, Darjeeling, West Bengal, 734013, India
| | - Manas Mahato
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, Darjeeling, West Bengal, 734013, India
| | - Tuhina Sultana
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, Darjeeling, West Bengal, 734013, India
| | - Jyoti Chourasia
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, Darjeeling, West Bengal, 734013, India
| | - Arpita Maiti
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, Darjeeling, West Bengal, 734013, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Bengal, Raja Rammohunpur, Darjeeling, West Bengal, 734013, India.
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10
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Redy Keisar O, Pevzner A, Fridkin G, Shelef O, Shabat D, Ashkenazi N. Highly sensitive chemiluminescence sensors for the detection and differentiation of chemical warfare agents. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:1736-1740. [PMID: 38456247 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay02054a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Highly sensitive chemiluminescence-based probes that effectively detect and differentiate between the extremely toxic real G- and V-type organophosphorus chemical warfare agents (OPCWAs) are presented. This straightforward approach does not require any instrumentation or light source; hence, it appears ideal for the future development of field colorimetric detectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orit Redy Keisar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, P. O. Box 19, Ness Ziona, 7410001, Israel.
| | - Alexander Pevzner
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, P. O. Box 19, Ness Ziona, 7410001, Israel
| | - Gil Fridkin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, P. O. Box 19, Ness Ziona, 7410001, Israel.
| | - Omri Shelef
- School of Chemistry, The Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
| | - Doron Shabat
- School of Chemistry, The Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
| | - Nissan Ashkenazi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, P. O. Box 19, Ness Ziona, 7410001, Israel.
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Ariel University, 4070000 Ariel, Israel
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11
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Zhang T, He Y, Hu S, Ge J, Chen T, Shan H, Ji T, Yu D, Liu Q. Facile Preparation of Polyacrylonitrile-Based Activated Carbon Fiber Felts for Effective Adsorption of Dipropyl Sulfide. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:252. [PMID: 38257052 PMCID: PMC10820270 DOI: 10.3390/polym16020252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Activated carbon fibers (ACFs) derived from various polymeric fibers with the characteristics of a high specific surface area, developed pore structure, and good flexibility are promising for the new generation of chemical protection clothing. In this paper, a polyacrylonitrile-based ACF felt was prepared via the process of liquid phase pre-oxidation, along with a one-step carbonization and chemical activation method. The obtained ACF felt exhibited a large specific surface area of 2219.48 m2/g and pore volume of 1.168 cm3/g, as well as abundant polar groups on the surface. Owing to the developed pore structure and elaborated surface chemical property, the ACF felt possessed an intriguing adsorption performance for a chemical warfare agent simulant dipropyl sulfide (DPS), with the highest adsorption capacity being 202.38 mg/g. The effects of the initial concentration of DPS and temperature on the adsorption performance of ACF felt were investigated. Meanwhile, a plausible adsorption mechanism was proposed based on the kinetic analysis and fitting of different adsorption isotherm models. The results demonstrated that the adsorption process of DPS onto ACF felt could be well fitted with a pseudo-second-order equation, indicating a synergistic effect of chemical adsorption and physical adsorption. We anticipate that this work could be helpful to the design and development of advanced ACF felts for the application of breathable chemical protection clothing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhao Zhang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Technical Fiber Composites for Safety and Protection, School of Textile and Clothing, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China (H.S.); (T.J.)
| | - Yafang He
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Technical Fiber Composites for Safety and Protection, School of Textile and Clothing, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China (H.S.); (T.J.)
| | - Shiqi Hu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Technical Fiber Composites for Safety and Protection, School of Textile and Clothing, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China (H.S.); (T.J.)
| | - Jianlong Ge
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Technical Fiber Composites for Safety and Protection, School of Textile and Clothing, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China (H.S.); (T.J.)
| | - Tianye Chen
- Jiangsu Sutong Carbon Fiber Co., Ltd., Nantong 226005, China
| | - Haoru Shan
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Technical Fiber Composites for Safety and Protection, School of Textile and Clothing, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China (H.S.); (T.J.)
| | - Tao Ji
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Technical Fiber Composites for Safety and Protection, School of Textile and Clothing, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China (H.S.); (T.J.)
| | - Decheng Yu
- Jiangsu Sutong Carbon Fiber Co., Ltd., Nantong 226005, China
| | - Qixia Liu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Technical Fiber Composites for Safety and Protection, School of Textile and Clothing, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China (H.S.); (T.J.)
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12
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Maji A, Biswas A, Bera B, Mondal TK. A chemodosimetric approach for the visual detection of nerve agent simulant diethyl chlorophosphate (DCP) in liquid and vapour phase. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:6417-6424. [PMID: 37966884 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01296d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a novel fluorescent ratiometric switch, 8-((6-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)pyridin-2-yl)methoxy)quinoline (BIPQ), has been introduced for sensing an organophosphorus (OP) chemical vapor threat, diethyl chlorophosphate (DCP), the low-toxic mimic of the real nerve agent sarin (GB). BIPQ is efficient at detecting DCP in both solution and gaseous phase and has potential practical application with high sensitivity and selectivity. The probe shows significant ratiometric emission in the presence of DCP along with a distinct color change from blue to cyan under UV light. The sensing mechanism of the chemodosimeter is based on the generation of a new adduct, BIPQ-DCP, through a nucleophilic substitution reaction with DCP followed by a ring-closure process to form the final product. The detection limit of BIPQ for DCP was determined to be in the order of 10-8 (M) in the liquid state. DFT and TDDFT computational techniques were carried out in order to interpret the electronic properties theoretically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanu Maji
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700 032, India.
| | - Amitav Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700 032, India.
| | - Biswajit Bera
- Department of Chemistry, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700 032, India.
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13
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Fan S, Loch AS, Vongsanga K, Dennison GH, Burn PL, Gentle IR, Shaw PE. Differentiating Between V- and G-Series Nerve Agent and Simulant Vapours Using Fluorescent Film Responses. SMALL METHODS 2023:e2301048. [PMID: 37932024 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
In-field rapid and reliable identification of nerve agents is critical for the protection of Defence and National Security personnel as well as communities. Fluorescence-based detectors can be portable and provide rapid detection of chemical threats. However, most current approaches cannot differentiate between dilute vapors of nerve agent classes and are susceptible to false positives due to the presence of common acids. Here a fluorescence-based method is shown for rapid differentiation between the V-series and phosphonofluoridate G-series nerve agents and avoids false positives due to common acids. Differentiation is achieved through harnessing two different mechanisms. Detection of the V-series is achieved using photoinduced hole transfer whereby the fluorescence of the sensing material is quenched in the presence of the V-series agent. The G-series is detected using a turn-on mechanism in which a silylated excited state intramolecular proton transfer sensing molecule is selectively deprotected by hydrogen fluoride, which is typically found as a contaminant and/or breakdown product in G-series agents such as sarin. The strategy provided discrimination between classes, as the sensor for the G-series agent class is insensitive to the V-series agent, and vice versa, and neither responded to common acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengqiang Fan
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics (COPE), School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Alex S Loch
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics (COPE), School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Kylie Vongsanga
- CBRN Defence Branch, Sensors and Effectors Division, Defence Science and Technology Group, Fishermans Bend, VIC, 3207, Australia
| | - Genevieve H Dennison
- CBRN Defence Branch, Sensors and Effectors Division, Defence Science and Technology Group, Fishermans Bend, VIC, 3207, Australia
- Electro Optic Sensing and Electromagnetic Warfare, Sensors and Effectors Division, Defence Science and Technology Group, Edinburgh, SA, 5111, Australia
| | - Paul L Burn
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics (COPE), School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Ian R Gentle
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics (COPE), School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Paul E Shaw
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics (COPE), School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
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14
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Zhang Y, Tao CA. Metal-Organic Framework Gels for Adsorption and Catalytic Detoxification of Chemical Warfare Agents: A Review. Gels 2023; 9:815. [PMID: 37888388 PMCID: PMC10606365 DOI: 10.3390/gels9100815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical warfare agents (CWAs) have brought great threats to human life and social stability, and it is critical to investigate protective materials. MOF (metal-organic framework) gels are a class with an extended MOF architecture that are mainly formed using metal-ligand coordination as an effective force to drive gelation, and these gels combine the unique characteristics of MOFs and organic gel materials. They have the advantages of a hierarchically porous structure, a large specific surface area, machinable block structures and rich metal active sites, which inherently meet the requirements for adsorption and catalytic detoxification of CWAs. A series of advances have been made in the adsorption and catalytic detoxification of MOF gels as chemical warfare agents; however, overall, they are still in their infancy. This review briefly introduces the latest advances in MOF gels, including pure MOF gels and MOF composite gels, and discusses the application of MOF gels in the adsorption and catalytic detoxification of CWAs. Meanwhile, the influence of microstructures (pore structures, metal active site, etc.) on the detoxification performance of protective materials is also discussed, which is of great significance in the exploration of high-efficiency protective materials. Finally, the review looks ahead to next priorities. Hopefully, this review can inspire more and more researchers to enrich the performance of MOF gels for applications in chemical protection and other purification and detoxification processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cheng-An Tao
- College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China;
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15
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Otsuka M, Yamaguchi A, Miyaguchi H. Simultaneous analysis of degradation products of Novichok agents and conventional nerve agents in human urine by ion chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry using ammonium regeneration solution. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1707:464290. [PMID: 37595352 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
An ion chromatography (IC)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) method to analyze nerve agent degradation products in human urine was developed. Six degradation products of conventional nerve agents and six Novichok agent degradation products were analyzed simultaneously despite their differences in hydrophilicity and acidity. Using ammonium regeneration solution improved the peak shapes greatly compared with the results obtained with the ordinary IC-MS/MS configuration. For urine samples, a simple pretreatment method of dilution with water and ultrafiltration was used. The detection limits of the nerve agent degradation products were sufficiently low (10-250 ng/mL) and the calibration curves showed acceptable linearity. Due to the absence of a derivatization step, throughput was higher than for our previous derivatization-liquid chromatography-MS/MS method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Otsuka
- National Research Institute of Police Science, 6-3-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan.
| | - Akinori Yamaguchi
- National Research Institute of Police Science, 6-3-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan
| | - Hajime Miyaguchi
- National Research Institute of Police Science, 6-3-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan
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16
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Yamaguchi A, Miyaguchi H. Advances in Derivatization Techniques Enabled by DABCO for Novichok Agent Analysis in Biofluids Using LC-MS. Anal Chem 2023; 95:13674-13682. [PMID: 37642268 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The characterization of Novichoks (NVs), a new group of nerve agents that have been implicated in two recent poisonings, has not been extensively conducted. Here, we present a novel method for analyzing NV hydrolysates using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) enabled by pentafluorobenzyl (PFB) derivatization followed by reaction with 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO). This approach enabled efficient, simultaneous screening of six NV hydrolysates, with 1-2 orders improvement in the limit of detection in relation to that achieved through previous methods. A straightforward pretreatment using DABCO and filtration was employed for biological samples, mitigating instrument damage and allowing LC-MS/MS after a reaction with highly hydrophobic PFB bromide (PFBBr). In addition, the use of pralidoxime (PAM) significantly enhanced the detection of NV hydrolysates from NV-surrogate-spiked serum. While PAM is not a proven NV antidote, its effectiveness as an analytical reagent to aid in the detection of NV hydrolysates was demonstrated for the first time. Understanding the proposed mechanism of DABCO-mediated derivatization reagent removal in this research could broaden the range of compounds amenable to derivatization LC, thereby enhancing the capabilities of conventional derivatization techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Yamaguchi
- National Research Institute of Police Science, 6-3-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-0882, Japan
| | - Hajime Miyaguchi
- National Research Institute of Police Science, 6-3-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-0882, Japan
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17
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Livesay B, Schmidt JG, Williams RF, Billow BS, Tondreau AM. Reactivity of [(PNP)Mn(CO) 2] with Organophosphates. ACS ORGANIC & INORGANIC AU 2023; 3:199-208. [PMID: 37545657 PMCID: PMC10401673 DOI: 10.1021/acsorginorgau.3c00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorus nerve agents (OPAs) are a toxic class of synthetic compounds that cause adverse effects with many biological systems. Development of methods for environmental remediation and passivation has been ongoing for years. However, little progress has been made in therapeutic development for exposure victims. Given the postexposure behavior of OPA materials in enzymes such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE), development of electrophilic compounds as therapeutics may be more beneficial than the currently employed nucleophilic countermeasures. In this report, we present our studies with an electrophilic, 16-electron manganese complex (iPrPNP)Mn(CO)2 (1) and the nucleophilic hydroxide derivative (iPrPNHP)Mn(CO)2(OH) (2). The reactivity of 1 with phosphorus acids and the reactivity of 2 with the P-F bond of diisopropylfluorophosphate (DIPF) were studied. The role of water in both nucleophilic and electrophilic reactivity was investigated with the use of 17O-labeled water. Promising results arising from reactions of both 1 and 2 with organophosphorus substrates are reported.
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18
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Zhang S, Yang B, Yuan B, Zhou C, Zhang M, Zhao Y, Ye P, Li L, Li H. Dual-State Fluorescent Probe for Ultrafast and Sensitive Detection of Nerve Agent Simulants in Solution and Vapor. ACS Sens 2023; 8:1220-1229. [PMID: 36795893 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
The development of fluorescent probes for detecting nerve agents has been the main concern focus of research because of their lethal toxicity for humans. Herein, a probe (PQSP) based on the quinoxalinone unit and the styrene pyridine group was synthesized and could visually detect a sarin simulant diethyl chlorophosphate (DCP) with excellent sensing properties in solution and solid states. Interestingly, PQSP showed an apparent intramolecular charge-transfer process by catalytic protonation after reacting with DCP in methanol, accompanied with the aggregation recombination effect. The sensing process was also verified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, scanning electron microscopy, and theoretical calculations. In addition, the papered test strips of loading probe PQSP exhibited an ultrafast response time within 3 s and high sensitivity with a limit of detection of 3 ppb for the detection of DCP vapor. Therefore, this research provides a designed strategy for developing the probes with dual-state emission fluorescence in solution and solid states for detecting DCP sensitively and rapidly, which can be fabricated as chemosensors to visually detect nerve agents in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, PR China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, PR China
| | - Bo Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, PR China
| | - Chuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, PR China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, PR China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, PR China
| | - Pingwei Ye
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, PR China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, PR China
| | - Heguo Li
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, PR China
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19
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Mian MR, Wang X, Wang X, Kirlikovali KO, Xie H, Ma K, Fahy KM, Chen H, Islamoglu T, Snurr RQ, Farha OK. Structure-Activity Relationship Insights for Organophosphonate Hydrolysis at Ti(IV) Active Sites in Metal-Organic Frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:7435-7445. [PMID: 36919617 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c13887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorus nerve agents are among the most toxic chemicals known and remain threats to humans due to their continued use despite international bans. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as a class of heterogeneous catalysts with tunable structures that are capable of rapidly detoxifying these chemicals via hydrolysis at Lewis acidic active sites on the metal nodes. To date, the majority of studies in this field have focused on zirconium-based MOFs (Zr-MOFs) that contain hexanuclear Zr(IV) clusters, despite the large toolbox of Lewis acidic transition metal ions that are available to construct MOFs with similar catalytic properties. In particular, very few reports have disclosed the use of a Ti-based MOF (Ti-MOF) as a catalyst for this transformation even though Ti(IV) is a stronger Lewis acid than Zr(IV). In this work, we explored five Ti-MOFs (Ti-MFU-4l, NU-1012-NDC, MIL-125, Ti-MIL-101, MIL-177(LT), and MIL-177(HT)) that each contains Ti(IV) ions in unique coordination environments, including monometallic, bimetallic, octanuclear, triangular clusters, and extended chains, as catalysts to explore how both different node structures and different linkers (e.g., azolate and carboxylate) influence the binding and subsequent hydrolysis of an organophosphorus nerve agent simulant at Ti(IV)-based active sites in basic aqueous solutions. Experimental and theoretical studies confirm that Ti-MFU-4l, which contains monometallic Ti(IV)-OH species, exhibits the best catalytic performance among this series with a half-life of roughly 2 min. This places Ti-MFU-4l as one of the best nerve agent hydrolysis catalysts of any MOF reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rasel Mian
- International Institute of Nanotechnology and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Xijun Wang
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Xingjie Wang
- International Institute of Nanotechnology and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Kent O Kirlikovali
- International Institute of Nanotechnology and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Haomiao Xie
- International Institute of Nanotechnology and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Kaikai Ma
- International Institute of Nanotechnology and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Kira M Fahy
- International Institute of Nanotechnology and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Haoyuan Chen
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201 W University Drive, Edinburg, Texas 78539, United States
| | - Timur Islamoglu
- International Institute of Nanotechnology and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Randall Q Snurr
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Omar K Farha
- International Institute of Nanotechnology and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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20
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Silva VB, Orth ES. Structure-Reactivity Insights on the Alkaline Hydrolysis of Organophosphates: Non-Leaving and Leaving Group Effects in a Bilinear Brønsted-Like Relationship. Chemphyschem 2023; 24:e202200612. [PMID: 36326485 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The high toxicity of organophosphates, along with its wide use as agrochemicals and chemical warfare, urges efficient degradation methods. Alkaline hydrolysis stands out, which is strongly structure-dependent. The alkaline hydrolysis of various organophosphates is described using a bilinear variation of the Brønsted equation, which evaluates concomitantly the effect of the leaving and non-leaving groups. Over 50 reactions were successfully correlated linearly and the contribution of the usually underestimated non-leaving group seems to be as important as the leaving group. The hetero atom effect (P=O and P=S) seems to vary the contribution of these groups. This concise understanding of the structure-reactivity relationship allows to predict optimal neutralization processes and is key for chemical security, saving time, resources and avoiding unnecessary manipulation of toxic chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valmir B Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CP 19081, CEP 81531-990, Curitiba-PR, Brazil.,COBRA Laboratory, IRCOF, Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, CNRS, Rouen, 76000, France
| | - Elisa S Orth
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Paraná, CP 19081, CEP 81531-990, Curitiba-PR, Brazil
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21
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Chen Q, Liu J, Liu S, Zhang J, He L, Liu R, Jiang H, Han X, Zhang K. Visual and Rapid Detection of Nerve Agent Mimics in Gas and Solution Phase by a Simple Fluorescent Probe. Anal Chem 2023; 95:4390-4394. [PMID: 36802493 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Chemical nerve agents are highly toxic organophosphorus compounds that are easy to obtain and can be utilized by terrorists to threaten homeland security and human safety. Those organophosphorus nerve agents contain nucleophilic ability that can react with acetylcholinesterase leading to muscular paralysis and human death. Therefore, there is great importance to explore a reliable and simple method to detect chemical nerve agents. Herein, the o-phenylenediamine-linked dansyl chloride as a colorimetric and fluorescent probe has been prepared to detect specific chemical nerve agent stimulants in the solution and vapor phase. The o-phenylenediamine unit serves as a detection site that can react with diethyl chlorophosphate (DCP) in a rapid response within 2 min. A satisfied relationship line was obtained between fluorescent intensity and the concentration of DCP in the range of 0-90 μM. In the optimized conditions, we conducted the fluorescent titration to measure the limits of detection (0.082 μM) with the fluorescent enhancement up to 18-fold. Fluorescence titration and NMR studies were also conducted to explore the detection mechanism, indicating that the formation of phosphate ester causes the intensity of fluorescent change during the PET process. Finally, probe 1 coated with the paper test is utilized to detect DCP vapor and solution by the naked eye. We expect that this probe may give some admiration to design the small molecule organic probe and applied in the selectivity detection of chemical nerve agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243032, China
| | - Jiaxu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243032, China
| | - Shengjun Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243032, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243032, China
| | - Lifang He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243032, China
| | - Renyong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Sensor and Detecting Technology of Anhui Province, School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an 237012, Anhui, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Beijing Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, 102205, China
| | - Xinya Han
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243032, China
| | - Kui Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Ma'anshan, Anhui 243032, China
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22
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Meng WQ, Sedgwick AC, Kwon N, Sun M, Xiao K, He XP, Anslyn EV, James TD, Yoon J. Fluorescent probes for the detection of chemical warfare agents. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:601-662. [PMID: 36149439 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00650b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Chemical warfare agents (CWAs) are toxic chemicals that have been intentionally developed for targeted and deadly use on humans. Although intended for military targets, the use of CWAs more often than not results in mass civilian casualties. To prevent further atrocities from occurring during conflicts, a global ban was implemented through the chemical weapons convention, with the aim of eliminating the development, stockpiling, and use of CWAs. Unfortunately, because of their relatively low cost, ease of manufacture and effectiveness on mass populations, CWAs still exist in today's world. CWAs have been used in several recent terrorist-related incidents and conflicts (e.g., Syria). Therefore, they continue to remain serious threats to public health and safety and to global peace and stability. Analytical methods that can accurately detect CWAs are essential to global security measures and for forensic analysis. Small molecule fluorescent probes have emerged as attractive chemical tools for CWA detection, due to their simplicity, ease of use, excellent selectivity and high sensitivity, as well as their ability to be translated into handheld devices. This includes the ability to non-invasively image CWA distribution within living systems (in vitro and in vivo) to permit in-depth evaluation of their biological interactions and allow potential identification of therapeutic countermeasures. In this review, we provide an overview of the various reported fluorescent probes that have been designed for the detection of CWAs. The mechanism for CWA detection, change in optical output and application for each fluorescent probe are described in detail. The limitations and challenges of currently developed fluorescent probes are discussed providing insight into the future development of this research area. We hope the information provided in this review will give readers a clear understanding of how to design a fluorescent probe for the detection of a specific CWA. We anticipate that this will advance our security systems and provide new tools for environmental and toxicology monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qi Meng
- Department of Protective Medicine Against Chemical Agents, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangying Rd., Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Adam C Sedgwick
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Nahyun Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea.
| | - Mingxue Sun
- Department of Protective Medicine Against Chemical Agents, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangying Rd., Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Kai Xiao
- Department of Protective Medicine Against Chemical Agents, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Naval Medical University, 800 Xiangying Rd., Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Xiao-Peng He
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Frontiers Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Rd., Shanghai 200237, China. .,The International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai 200438, China.,National Center for Liver Cancer, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Eric V Anslyn
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1224, USA.
| | - Tony D James
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK. .,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Juyoung Yoon
- Department of Chemistry and Nanoscience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea.
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23
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Snider VG, Hill CL. Functionalized reactive polymers for the removal of chemical warfare agents: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 442:130015. [PMID: 36166906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Protection from and removal of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) from the environment remains a global goal. Activated charcoal, metal oxides, metal organic frameworks (MOFs), polyoxometalates (POMs) and reactive polymers have all been investigated for CWA removal. Composite polymeric materials are rapidly gaining traction as versatile building blocks for personal protective equipment (PPE) and catalytic devices. Polymers are inexpensive to produce and easily engineered into a wide range of materials including films, electro-spun fibers, mixed-matrix membranes/reactors, and other forms. When containing reactive side-chains, hydrolysis catalysts, and/or oxidative catalysts polymeric devices are primed for CWA decontamination. In this review, recent advances in reactive polymeric materials for CWA removal are summarized. To aid in comparing the effectiveness of the different solid catalysts, particular attention is paid to the stoichiometric ratio of reactive species to toxic substrate (CWA or CWA simulant).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Craig L Hill
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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Otsuka M, Miyaguchi H. Analysis of degradation products of nerve agents in biological fluids by ion chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Forensic Toxicol 2023; 41:71-80. [PMID: 36652057 DOI: 10.1007/s11419-022-00633-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The detection of hydrolysis products of nerve agents (alkyl methylphosphonic acids; RMPAs) in biological samples from victims is important to confirm exposure to nerve agents. However, analysis of RMPAs is difficult due to their high hydrophilicity. The aim of this study was to develop ion chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (IC-MS/MS) methods using commercially available equipment and columns to analyze RMPAs in human urine and serum with high sensitivity and without using complicate techniques. METHODS A Dionex IonPac AS11-HC anion-exchange column was used to analyze six RMPAs (MPA, EMPA, IMPA, iBuMPA, CHMPA, and PMPA). For pretreatments of biological fluids, we developed two pretreatment methods (Method 1: dilution and ultrafiltration; Method 2: removal of chloride ions with Ag cartridges). RESULTS Six RMPAs including highly hydrophilic methylphosphonic acid and ethyl methylphosphonic acid could be analyzed with sufficient retention times and peak shape. The detection limits of RMPAs were improved using Dionex OnGuard II Ba/Ag/H cartridges and MetaSEP IC-Ag cartridges (urine: 0.5-5 ng/mL; serum: 1-5 ng/mL). These methods were also applied to the test samples for the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons Biomedical Proficiency Tests. CONCLUSIONS RMPAs could be sufficiently analyzed by IC-MS/MS. In addition, the limits of detection were superior to those obtained in our previous study involving LC-MS/MS or derivatization-LC-MS/MS method. For analysis of biological samples, an appropriate pretreatment method can be chosen according to the amount of sample available for analysis and expected RMPA concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Otsuka
- National Research Institute of Police Science, 6-3-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-0882, Japan.
| | - Hajime Miyaguchi
- National Research Institute of Police Science, 6-3-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-0882, Japan
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25
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Powroźnik P, Solecka B, Pander P, Jakubik W, Dias FB, Krzywiecki M. Zinc Phthalocyanine Sensing Mechanism Quantification for Potential Application in Chemical Warfare Agent Detectors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:9947. [PMID: 36560314 PMCID: PMC9784690 DOI: 10.3390/s22249947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and accurate detection of lethal volatile compounds is an emerging requirement to ensure the security of the current and future society. Since the threats are becoming more complex, the assurance of future sensing devices' performance can be obtained solely based on a thorough fundamental approach, by utilizing physics and chemistry together. In this work, we have applied thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) to study dimethyl methylophosphate (DMMP, sarin analogue) adsorption on zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc), aiming to achieve the quantification of the sensing mechanism. Furthermore, we utilize a novel approach to TDS that involves quantum chemistry calculations for the determination of desorption activation energies. As a result, we have provided a comprehensive description of DMMP desorption processes from ZnPc, which is the basis for successful future applications of sarin ZnPc-based sensors. Finally, we have verified the sensing capability of the studied material at room temperature using impedance spectroscopy and took the final steps towards demonstrating ZnPc as a promising sarin sensor candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Powroźnik
- Institute of Physics—Center for Science and Education, Silesian University of Technology, S. Konarskiego Str. 22B, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Barbara Solecka
- Institute of Physics—Center for Science and Education, Silesian University of Technology, S. Konarskiego Str. 22B, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Piotr Pander
- Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, M. Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Wiesław Jakubik
- Institute of Physics—Center for Science and Education, Silesian University of Technology, S. Konarskiego Str. 22B, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Fernando B. Dias
- Department of Physics, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Maciej Krzywiecki
- Institute of Physics—Center for Science and Education, Silesian University of Technology, S. Konarskiego Str. 22B, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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26
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Theoretical prediction on the hydrolysis rate of the new types of nerve agents: A density functional study. Toxicol Rep 2022; 10:27-31. [PMID: 36569478 PMCID: PMC9768234 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the hydrolysis mechanism of the nerve agents, which is the main decontamination pathway, has been studied experimentally and theoretically, the reliable theoretical prediction method for the hydrolysis rate is not studied yet. Furthermore, after the CWC (Chemical Warfare Agent) list is updated, Novichok candidate structures can be more than 10,000 structures, for which it is not possible to perform the experiment for all of them for synthesizing and getting the hydrolysis rate. Therefore, developing a reliable theoretical method for hydrolysis rate prediction is crucial to prepare for the forthcoming usage of new types of nerve agents. Herein, by using DFT (Density Functional Theory), we successfully developed a new method of predicting the hydrolysis rate on nerve agents by investigating the electrophilicity index (EI) of the various A-, V-, and G-series nerve agents and found a suitable correlation with the experimental hydrolysis rate. Among the several DFT methods, wb97xD predicts the EI with the lowest % deviation of the studied nerve agents. Our results show that EI can be a good indicator to predict the hydrolysis rate of the anticipated nerve agents. Based on the result, we predicted the hydrolysis rate on another type of Novichok candidates, which could be the firm basis for developing a decontaminant and antidote with much fewer experimental efforts on new types of nerve agents.
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27
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Du X, Gong Y, Ren Y, Fu L, Duan R, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Che Y. Development of Binary Coassemblies for Sensitively and Selectively Detecting Gaseous Sarin. Anal Chem 2022; 94:16418-16426. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c03712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanjun Gong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yangyang Ren
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liyang Fu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ran Duan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yibin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jincai Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanke Che
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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28
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Mansour S, Silva VB, Orth ES, Legros J. Soft detoxification of chemical warfare agent simulants and pesticides under pressure. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:7604-7608. [PMID: 36148796 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01217k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The neutralisation of structurally varied chemical warfare agent simulants (blister and nerve agents) and pesticides (Paraoxon) with the assistance of high pressure is reported. Chloroethyl amines and sulfides (nitrogen and sulfur mustards), phosphonothioates (V-series nerve agents) and phosphates (pesticide) readily react with simple nucleophilic scavengers (alcohols, amines) at P > 14 000 bar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergui Mansour
- CNRS, Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, COBRA laboratory, F-76000 Rouen, France.
| | - Valmir B Silva
- CNRS, Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, COBRA laboratory, F-76000 Rouen, France. .,Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), CP 19081, CEP 81531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Elisa S Orth
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), CP 19081, CEP 81531-990, Curitiba, PR, Brasil
| | - Julien Legros
- CNRS, Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, COBRA laboratory, F-76000 Rouen, France.
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29
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Maurya CK, Pathak U, Gupta PK. Ditopic Chemodosimeter for Selective Detection of Nerve Agent Tabun Simulant DCNP. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Kant Maurya
- Synthetic Chemistry Division Defence R&D Establishment (DRDE) Jhansi Road Gwalior (MP) India- 474002
| | - Uma Pathak
- Synthetic Chemistry Division Defence R&D Establishment (DRDE) Jhansi Road Gwalior (MP) India- 474002
| | - Pradeep Kumar Gupta
- Synthetic Chemistry Division Defence R&D Establishment (DRDE) Jhansi Road Gwalior (MP) India- 474002
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30
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Yang Y, Liu J, Liu L, Zhou Y, Zhang L, Zhong Y, Zhao D, Wang Y. Cation-Exchangeable Pralidoxime Chloride@bio-MOF-1 as a Treatment for Nerve Agent Poisoning and Sulfur Mustard Skin Poisoning in Animals. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:30720-30729. [PMID: 36092617 PMCID: PMC9453934 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A 2-PAM@bio-MOF-1 composite was prepared by cationic exchange of counter N,N-dimethylammonium cations in the pores of the anionic, biocompatible metal-organic framework (bio-MOF-1) with pralidoxime chloride (2-PAM-Cl) by impregnation. In vitro drug release measurements revealed that the release rate of 2-PAM from 2-PAM@bio-MOF-1 in simulated body fluid (SBF) was more than four-fold higher than that in deionized water, indicating that the presence of endogenous cations in SBF triggered the release of 2-PAM through cation exchange. The release of 2-PAM was rapid within the first 10 h but was much slower over the period of 10-50 h. At room temperature, the maximum release rate of 2-PAM was 88.5% (15 mg of 2-PAM@bio-MOF-1 in 1 mL of SBF), indicating that the drug was efficiently released from the composite MOF in SBF. In simulated gastric fluid, 64.3% of 2-PAM was released from bio-MOF-1 into the simulated gastric fluid after 50h. This suggested that 2-PAM@bio-MOF-1 might be effective for enabling the slow release of 2-PAM in the human body. Indeed, the maximum reactivation rate of acetylcholinesterase in sarin-poisoned mice reached 82.5%. In addition, 2-PAM@bio-MOF-1 demonstrated the ability to adsorb and remove sulfur mustard (HD) in solution and from the skin of guinea pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, School of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
- Toxicology
and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, P. R.
China
| | - Jie Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, School of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Lin Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, School of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Yunshan Zhou
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, School of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, School of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Yuxu Zhong
- Toxicology
and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, P. R.
China
| | - Dianfa Zhao
- State
Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, School of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Yong’an Wang
- Toxicology
and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute
of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, P. R.
China
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31
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Couzon N, Dhainaut J, Campagne C, Royer S, Loiseau T, Volkringer C. Porous textile composites (PTCs) for the removal and the decomposition of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) – A review. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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32
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Jiang J, Zhu B, Jiang X, Lu B, Zeng X. Photochemistry of phosphenic chloride (ClPO 2): isomerization with chlorine metaphosphite (ClOPO) and reduction by carbon monoxide. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:20828-20836. [PMID: 36040114 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02986c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Phosphenic chloride (ClPO2) is an elusive congener of nitryl chloride (ClNO2). By high-vacuum flash pyrolysis of 2-chloro-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane in the gas phase, ClPO2 has been efficiently generated and subsequently isolated in cryogenic N2, Ar, and CO matrices (10 K) for a first time study on its photochemistry. Upon 193 nm laser irradiation, ClPO2 isomerizes to the novel chlorine metaphosphite (ClOPO) by initial cleavage of the Cl-P bond (→ ˙Cl + ˙PO2) with subsequent Cl-O bond formation inside the N2 and Ar matrix cages. The reverse transformation becomes feasible under further irradiation at 266 nm. This photochemistry is consistent with the observed absorptions of ClPO2 and ClOPO at 207 and 250 nm, respectively. When the photolysis was performed in solid CO ice, no isomerization occurs due to CO-trapping of the initially generated ˙Cl atoms by forming caged radical pair ClCO˙⋯˙PO2. Concomitantly, photolytic reduction of ClPO2 to ClPO by CO has been observed, yielding a weakly bonded molecular complex consisting of ClPO and CO2 bonded through short intermolecular C⋯O contact (2.910 Å). The characterization of ClPO, ClPO2, ClOPO, and the molecular complexes of ClPO2-CO and ClPO-CO2 using matrix-isolation IR and UV-vis spectroscopy is supported by the theoretical calculations at the B3LYP/6-311 + G(3df) level, and the photochemistry of ClPO2 is also compared with the revisited photochemistry of ClNO2 in the N2-matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Bifeng Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Bo Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Xiaoqing Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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33
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Wang Q, Liu J, Cao M, Hu J, Pang R, Wang S, Asad M, Wei Y, Zang S. Aminal‐Linked Porphyrinic Covalent Organic Framework for Rapid Photocatalytic Decontamination of Mustard‐Gas Simulant. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207130. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian‐You Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Jing Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Man Cao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Jia‐Hua Hu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Rui Pang
- International Laboratory for Quantum Functional Materials of Henan School of Physics and Microelectronics Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Shan Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Muhammad Asad
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Yong‐Li Wei
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Shuang‐Quan Zang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
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34
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Liu K, Qin M, Shi Q, Wang G, Zhang J, Ding N, Xi H, Liu T, Kong J, Fang Y. Fast and Selective Detection of Trace Chemical Warfare Agents Enabled by an ESIPT-Based Fluorescent Film Sensor. Anal Chem 2022; 94:11151-11158. [PMID: 35921590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c00862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reliable detection of airborne chemical warfare agents (CWAs) at the site and in real-time remains a challenge due to the rarity of miniaturized analytical tools. Herein, an o-carborane-functionalized benzothiazole derivative (PCBO) with excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) and AIE characteristics was synthesized. The PCBO-based film sensor showed a highly sensitive response to representative simulants of CWAs, and detection limits were found to be 1.0 mg·m-3 for triphosgene, 6.0 mg·m-3 for chloroethyl ethyl sulfide, and 0.2 mg·m-3 for diethyl chlorophosphite. Moreover, the sensor showed great reusability (>100 cycles) and unprecedented response speed (<0.5 s). The excellent sensing performance was ascribed to the microenvironmental sensitivity of the sensing fluorophore, the porous adlayer structure of the film, and the specific binding of the fluorophore to the analytes. Furthermore, discrimination and identification of the examined CWA simulants were realized via the introduction of another fluorophore (HCBO)-based film. Importantly, a portable fluorescent CWA detector was built with the sensor as the key component, and its applicability was demonstrated by the successful detection of a typical CWA sample (Sarin). The present study indicates that fluorescent film sensors could satisfy reliable onsite and real-time detection of harmful chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Molin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Qiyuan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Nannan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Hailing Xi
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Taihong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
| | - Jinglin Kong
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, P. R. China
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35
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Grabka M, Witkiewicz Z, Jasek K, Piwowarski K. Acoustic Wave Sensors for Detection of Blister Chemical Warfare Agents and Their Simulants. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22155607. [PMID: 35957163 PMCID: PMC9371173 DOI: 10.3390/s22155607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
On-site detection and initial identification of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) remain difficult despite the many available devices designed for this type of analysis. Devices using well-established analytical techniques such as ion mobility spectrometry, gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, or flame photometry, in addition to unquestionable advantages, also have some limitations (complexity, high unit cost, lack of selectivity). One of the emerging techniques of CWA detection is based on acoustic wave sensors, among which surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices and quartz crystal microbalances (QCM) are of particular importance. These devices allow for the construction of undemanding and affordable gas sensors whose selectivity, sensitivity, and other metrological parameters can be tailored by application of particular coating material. This review article presents the current state of knowledge and achievements in the field of SAW and QCM-based gas sensors used for the detection of blister agents as well as simulants of these substances. The scope of the review covers the detection of blister agents and their simulants only, as in the available literature no similar paper was found, in contrast to the detection of nerve agents. The article includes description of the principles of operation of acoustic wave sensors, a critical review of individual studies and solutions, and discusses development prospects of this analytical technique in the field of blister agent detection.
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36
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Smolkin B, Levi N, Chen R. Efficient Decontamination of HD by an Electrophilic Iodine/Carboxylate Composite as an Active Sorbent. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:25329-25336. [PMID: 35910097 PMCID: PMC9330146 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The development of new and efficient decontamination methods has become more relevant in recent years, especially with regard to solid-based decontamination and detoxification systems. The majority of powders used today are dealing with the physical adsorption of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) and their removal from sites without actively destroying them. In this work, we have designed and developed an active solid composite matrix combining organic carboxylate salts and N-iodosuccinimide (NIS) for HD decontamination via oxidation. All the reactions and mechanistic studies for the sorption and degradation of CWAs were conducted using direct polarization and cross polarization solid-state magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. Performance toward the sorption and detoxification of HD was tested, exhibiting oxidation within minutes in a mild and selective manner to the nontoxic sulfoxide derivative followed by visible formation of iodine. The results indicate that carboxylate moieties in the matrix are important for stabilizing the positively charged sulfonium ion intermediate and for supplying oxygen for hydrolysis in a water-deficient environment. The NaOBz/NIS composite was shown to be the most efficient in sorbing and converting the water-insoluble agent HD to its nontoxic, water-soluble sulfoxide, which could then be removed from the site with mere water, resulting in less environmental damage and quick remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Smolkin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Noam Levi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Ravit Chen
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel
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Kittle JD, Grasdal EN, Kim SM, Levin NR, Davis PA, Kittle AL, Kittle IJ, Mulcahy JA, Keith BR. Vapor Sorption-Desorption Phenomena of HD and GB Simulants from Polyurethane Thin Films on Aluminum Oxide via a Quartz Crystal Microbalance. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:22735-22742. [PMID: 35811928 PMCID: PMC9260914 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Protection and decontamination of surfaces after exposure to chemical warfare agents (CWAs) are of considerable interest to the homeland defense and battlespace operation communities. In this work, polyurethane was spin-coated onto aluminum oxide quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensors. Polyurethane film thickness was varied by altering the concentration of the polymer/chloroform solution used for spin-coating. Atomic force microscopy confirmed the formation of smooth, homogeneous films on the QCM sensor surface. Aluminum oxide QCM sensors coated with polyurethane were exposed to saturated vapors of dichloropentane (DCP), a mustard gas (HD) simulant, and dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), a sarin gas (GB) simulant, and the mass uptake, diffusion coefficient, volume fraction, and partition coefficient of the simulant in the film were determined from QCM data. Results showed that both DCP and DMMP readily sorbed into the films although the mass uptake of DCP was greater than that of DMMP owing to DCP's higher vapor pressure. Additionally, the CWA simulant uptake increased with polyurethane film thickness. Sorption diffusion coefficients were 1 × 10-13 cm2/s and 1 × 10-12 cm2/s for DCP and DMMP vapor, respectively. Simulant desorption was also measured and showed that some DMMP remained in the film/substrate system, while DCP sorption was fully reversible. Reversible desorption for both CWA simulants was relatively quick and independent over the range of film thicknesses studied, with average desorption diffusion coefficients of 2 × 10-9 cm2/s and 1 × 10-11 cm2/s for DCP and DMMP, respectively. Collectively, this study is expected to inform protection and decontamination strategies of equipment and structures upon exposure to CWAs.
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Wang Q, Liu J, Cao M, Hu J, Pang R, Wang S, Asad M, Wei Y, Zang S. Aminal‐Linked Porphyrinic Covalent Organic Framework for Rapid Photocatalytic Decontamination of Mustard‐Gas Simulant. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202207130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian‐You Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Jing Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Man Cao
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Jia‐Hua Hu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Rui Pang
- International Laboratory for Quantum Functional Materials of Henan School of Physics and Microelectronics Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Shan Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Muhammad Asad
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Yong‐Li Wei
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Shuang‐Quan Zang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Crystalline Molecular Functional Materials Green Catalysis Center and College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
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Tanuhadi E, Rompel A. Trisubstituted 4f- and 4d tungstoantimonates as artificial phosphoesterases for nerve agent degradation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:7761-7764. [PMID: 35730672 PMCID: PMC9275748 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02223k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three new trisubstituted 4f- and 4d tungstoantimonates (TA) K3Na21[(M(CH3COO))3(HPO3)(WO4)(SbW9O33)3]·nH2O {M3(HPO3)Sb3W28} (M = GdIII, YIII, YbIII, n = 35–36) were synthesized using a double-template synthetic approach. Following their characterization in the solid state employing single- and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), IR-spectroscopy, and elemental – and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), {M3(HPO3)Sb3W28} were subjected to a comprehensive set of solution characterization methods including UV/vis- and multinuclear 31P and 13C NMR spectroscopy. All representatives were shown to be highly active, recyclable, and stable Lewis-acid catalysts towards the nerve agent simulant O,O-dimethyl O-(4-nitrophenyl) phosphate (DMNP) at neutral pH (in Tris–HCl [125 mM] at pD 7.0 25 °C). Control experiments showing catalytic activity of the unsubstituted trilacunary TA [SbW9O33]9− suggest the non-innocence of Tris in the DMNP hydrolysis for the first time. With 3 Mio. people worldwide being yearly exposed to organophosphates (OPs), accounting for approximately 300 000 deaths, OPs are a current threat to mankind. This work reports on {M3(HPO3)Sb3W28} and {SbW9} as recyclable OP degradation catalysts.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Tanuhadi
- Universität Wien, Fakultät für Chemie, Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, 1090 Wien, Austria.
| | - Annette Rompel
- Universität Wien, Fakultät für Chemie, Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, 1090 Wien, Austria.
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40
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Rastegar Shariat Panahi M, Mirzaei M, Tebyaniyan H, Khodi S, Heiat M, Latifi AM. The Investigation of Clone and Expression of Butyrylcholinesterase in Pichia pastoris for Parathion Hydrolysis. MOLECULAR GENETICS, MICROBIOLOGY AND VIROLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3103/s0891416822020057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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41
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Lin J, Ho W, Qin X, Leung CF, Au VKM, Lee SC. Metal-Organic Frameworks for NO x Adsorption and Their Applications in Separation, Sensing, Catalysis, and Biology. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2105484. [PMID: 35032140 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202105484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen oxide (NOx ) is a family of poisonous and highly reactive gases formed when fuel is burned at high temperatures during anthropogenic behavior. It is a strong oxidizing agent that significantly contributes to the ozone and smog in the atmosphere. Thus, NOx removal is important for the ecological environment upon which the civilization depends. In recent decades, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been regarded as ideal candidates to address these issues because they form a reticular structure between proper inorganic and organic constituents with ultrahigh porosity and high internal surface area. These characteristics render them chemically adaptable for NOx adsorption, separation, sensing, and catalysis. In additional, MOFs enable potential nitric oxide (NO) delivery for the signaling of molecular NO in the human body. Herein, the different advantages of MOFs for coping with current environmental burdens and improving the habitable environment of humans on the basis of NOx adsorption are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinliang Lin
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, 10 Lo Ping Road, Tai Po, Newterritories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wingkei Ho
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, 10 Lo Ping Road, Tai Po, Newterritories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xing Qin
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, 10 Lo Ping Road, Tai Po, Newterritories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi-Fai Leung
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, 10 Lo Ping Road, Tai Po, Newterritories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Vonika Ka-Man Au
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, 10 Lo Ping Road, Tai Po, Newterritories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shun-Cheng Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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42
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Degradation of chemical warfare agents by nickel doped titanium dioxide powders: Enhanced surface activity. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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43
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Dowling SN, Skaggs CL, Owings CG, Moctar K, Picard CJ, Manicke NE. Insects as Chemical Sensors: Detection of Chemical Warfare Agent Simulants and Hydrolysis Products in the Blow Fly Using LC-MS/MS. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:3535-3543. [PMID: 35188758 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c07381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work, blow flies were investigated as environmental chemical sample collectors following a chemical warfare attack (CWA). Blow flies sample the environment as they search for water and food sources and can be trapped from kilometers away using baited traps. Three species of blow flies were exposed to CWA simulants to determine the persistence and detectability of these compounds under varying environmental conditions. A liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed to detect CWA simulants and hydrolysis products from fly guts. Flies were exposed to the CWA simulants dimethyl methylphosphonate and diethyl phosphoramidate as well as the pesticide dichlorvos, followed by treatment-dependent temperature and humidity conditions. Flies were sacrificed at intervals within a 14 day postexposure period. Fly guts were extracted and analyzed with the LC-MS/MS method. The amount of CWA simulant in fly guts decreased with time following exposure but were detectable 14 days following exposure, giving a long window of detectability. In addition to the analysis of CWA simulants, isopropyl methylphosphonic acid, the hydrolysis product of sarin, was also detected in blow flies 14 days post exposure. This work demonstrates the potential to obtain valuable samples from remote or access-restricted areas without risking lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N Dowling
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Christine L Skaggs
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Charity G Owings
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
- Department of Anthropology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Khadija Moctar
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Christine J Picard
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
| | - Nicholas E Manicke
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United States
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44
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Yamaguchi A, Miyaguchi H, Tokeshi M. Dimethoxytriadinylation LC-MS/MS of Novichok A-Series Degradation Products in Human Urine. Anal Chem 2022; 94:4658-4665. [PMID: 35253439 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Novichok A-series compounds, novel nerve agents, pose an increasing threat to citizens worldwide; however, no analytical methods have been reported for detecting their hydrolysis products. Herein, a screening method was developed to detect and identify Novichok A-series degradation products (hydrolysates of A230, A232, A234, A262, and one related compound) and alkyl methylphosphonic acids (RMPAs, conventional nerve agent hydrolysates) using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). We identified a suitable derivatization reagent, 4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium chloride (DMTMM), and optimized the reaction conditions. The derivatized esters of Novichok A-series degradation products were stable and easily detected. We used this derivatization to achieve the first analytical method for Novichok hydrolysis products in urine (0.40-4.0 ng/mL). The detection limits of the RMPAs (0.1-0.4 ng/mL) were comparable to those presented in previous reports involving pentafluorobenzylation or direct LC-MS/MS. The applicability of the newly developed method was evaluated by analyzing urine samples from the OPCW Fifth Biomedical Proficiency Test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Yamaguchi
- National Research Institute of Police Science, 6-3-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-0882, Japan.,Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Hajime Miyaguchi
- National Research Institute of Police Science, 6-3-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-0882, Japan
| | - Manabu Tokeshi
- Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13 Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.,Innovative Research Centre for Preventive Medical Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.,Institute of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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45
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Oheix E, Gravel E, Doris E. Vapor phase catalytic photooxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides: application to the neutralization of sulfur mustard simulants. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cy02349g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A visible-light photocatalytic approach was developped for the aerobic oxidation of sulfides into the corresponding sulfoxides, including sulfur mustard simulants. The heterogeneous catalytic system is selective, operates in the gas...
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46
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Day GJ, Zhang WH, Carter BM, Xiao W, Sambrook MR, Perriman AW. A Rationally Designed Supercharged Protein-Enzyme Chimera Self-Assembles In Situ to Yield Bifunctional Composite Textiles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:60433-60445. [PMID: 34894651 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c18857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Catalytically active materials for the enhancement of personalized protective equipment (PPE) could be advantageous to help alleviate threats posed by neurotoxic organophosphorus compounds (OPs). Accordingly, a chimeric protein comprised of a supercharged green fluorescent protein (scGFP) and phosphotriesterase from Agrobacterium radiobacter (arPTE) was designed to drive the polymer surfactant (S-)-mediated self-assembly of microclusters to produce robust, enzymatically active materials. The chimera scGFP-arPTE was structurally characterized via circular dichroism spectroscopy and synchrotron radiation small-angle X-ray scattering, and its biophysical properties were determined. Significantly, the chimera exhibited greater thermal stability than the native constituent proteins, as well as a higher catalytic turnover number (kcat). Furthermore, scGFP-arPTE was electrostatically complexed with monomeric S-, driving self-assembly into [scGFP-arPTE][S-] nanoclusters, which could be dehydrated and cross-linked to yield enzymatically active [scGFP-arPTE][S-] porous films with a high-order structure. Moreover, these clusters could self-assemble within cotton fibers to generate active composite textiles without the need for the pretreatment of the fabrics. Significantly, the resulting materials maintained the biophysical activities of both constituent proteins and displayed recyclable and persistent activity against the nerve agent simulant paraoxon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham J Day
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - William H Zhang
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Ben M Carter
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Wenjin Xiao
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R Sambrook
- CBR Division, Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl), Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JQ, United Kingdom
| | - Adam W Perriman
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
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47
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Hore S, Singh RP. Phosphorylation of arenes, heteroarenes, alkenes, carbonyls and imines by dehydrogenative cross-coupling of P(O)-H and P(R)-H. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 20:498-537. [PMID: 34904988 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02003j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphorous compounds have recently emerged as a powerful class of compounds with widespread applications, such as in bioactive natural products, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and organic materials, and as ligands in catalysis. The preparation of these compounds requires synthetic techniques with novel catalytic systems varying from transition metal, photo- and electrochemical catalysis to transformations without metal catalysts. Over the past few decades, the addition of P-H bonds to alkenes, alkynes, arenes, heteroarenes and other unsaturated substrates in hydrophosphination and other related reactions via the above-mentioned catalytic processes has emerged as an atom economical approach to obtain organophosphorus compounds. In most of the catalytic cycles, the P-H bond is cleaved to yield a phosphorus-based radical, which adds onto the unsaturated substrate followed by reduction of the corresponding radical yielding the product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyadip Hore
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016, India.
| | - Ravi P Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-110016, India.
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48
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Otsuka M, Miyaguchi H. Theoretical evaluation of the hydrolysis of conventional nerve agents and novichok agents. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.139116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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49
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Ellaby RJ, Chu DF, Pépés A, Clark ER, Hiscock J. Predicting the hydrolytic breakdown rates of organophosphorus chemical warfare agent simulants using association constants derived from hydrogen bonded complex formation events. Supramol Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2021.1999450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J. Ellaby
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, UK
| | | | - Antigoni Pépés
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, UK
| | - Ewan R. Clark
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, UK
| | - Jennifer Hiscock
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, UK
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50
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Thomas G, Spitzer D. 3D Core-Shell TiO 2@MnO 2 Nanorod Arrays on Microcantilevers for Enhancing the Detection Sensitivity of Chemical Warfare Agents. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:47185-47197. [PMID: 34545744 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c07994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Nanostructured microcantilevers have shown promise for sensing application of molecules in the vapor phase. Nanostructures have improved the molecule capture ability of microcantilevers by highly enhancing the surface of capture. Here, to improve the sensitivity and selectivity of a commercial microcantilever without functionalization, we developed 3D core-shell titanium dioxide@manganese dioxide (TiO2@MnO2) nanorod arrays on a microcantilever, which exhibited a high enhancement in the sensing performance beyond that of 1D nanostructures for the detection of dimethyl methylphosphonate, a simulant of sarin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Thomas
- Nanomatériaux pour les Systèmes Sous Sollicitations Extrêmes (NS3E), UMR 3208 ISL/CNRS/UNISTRA, French-German Research Institute of Saint-Louis, 5, rue du Général Cassagnou, Saint-Louis 68300, France
| | - Denis Spitzer
- Nanomatériaux pour les Systèmes Sous Sollicitations Extrêmes (NS3E), UMR 3208 ISL/CNRS/UNISTRA, French-German Research Institute of Saint-Louis, 5, rue du Général Cassagnou, Saint-Louis 68300, France
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