1
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Zhu Y, Peng J, Xu C, Lan Z. Unsupervised Machine Learning in the Analysis of Nonadiabatic Molecular Dynamics Simulation. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:9601-9619. [PMID: 39270134 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
The all-atomic full-dimensional-level simulations of nonadiabatic molecular dynamics (NAMD) in large realistic systems has received high research interest in recent years. However, such NAMD simulations normally generate an enormous amount of time-dependent high-dimensional data, leading to a significant challenge in result analyses. Based on unsupervised machine learning (ML) methods, considerable efforts were devoted to developing novel and easy-to-use analysis tools for the identification of photoinduced reaction channels and the comprehensive understanding of complicated molecular motions in NAMD simulations. Here, we tried to survey recent advances in this field, particularly to focus on how to use unsupervised ML methods to analyze the trajectory-based NAMD simulation results. Our purpose is to offer a comprehensive discussion on several essential components of this analysis protocol, including the selection of ML methods, the construction of molecular descriptors, the establishment of analytical frameworks, their advantages and limitations, and persistent challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Peng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Chao Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zhenggang Lan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
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2
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Huang-Fu ZC, Tkachenko NV, Qian Y, Zhang T, Brown JB, Harutyunyan A, Chen G, Rao Y. Conical Intersections at Interfaces Revealed by Phase-Cycling Interface-Specific Two-Dimensional Electronic Spectroscopy (i2D-ES). J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 39037260 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c06035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Conical intersections (CIs) hold significant stake in manipulating and controlling photochemical reaction pathways of molecules at interfaces and surfaces by affecting molecular dynamics therein. Currently, there is no tool for characterizing CIs at interfaces and surfaces. To this end, we have developed phase-cycling interface-specific two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (i2D-ES) and combined it with advanced computational modeling to explore nonadiabatic CI dynamics of molecules at the air/water interface. Specifically, we integrated the phase locked pump pulse pair with an interface-specific electronic probe to obtain the two-dimensional interface-specific responses. We demonstrate that the nonadiabatic transitions of an interface-active azo dye molecule that occur through the CIs at the interface have different kinetic pathways from those in the bulk water. Upon photoexcitation, two CIs are present: one from an intersection of an optically active S2 state with a dark S1 state and the other from the intersection of the progressed S1 with the ground state S0. We find that the molecular conformations in the ground state are different for interfacial molecules. The interfacial molecules are intimately correlated with the locally populated excited state S2 being farther away from the CI region. This leads to slower nonadiabatic dynamics at the interface than in bulk water. Moreover, we show that the nonadiabatic transition from the S1 dark state to the ground state is significantly longer at the interface than that in the bulk, which is likely due to the orientationally restricted configuration of the excited state at the interface. Our findings suggest that orientational configurations of molecules manipulate reaction pathways at interfaces and surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Chao Huang-Fu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Nikolay V Tkachenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Yuqin Qian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Jesse B Brown
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Avetik Harutyunyan
- Honda Research Institute, USA, Inc., San Jose, California 95134, United States
| | - Gugang Chen
- Honda Research Institute, USA, Inc., San Jose, California 95134, United States
| | - Yi Rao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
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3
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Peng J, Liu H, Lan Z. The photodissociation dynamics and ultrafast electron diffraction image of cyclobutanone from the surface hopping dynamics simulation. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:224305. [PMID: 38856062 DOI: 10.1063/5.0203462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The comprehension of nonadiabatic dynamics in polyatomic systems relies heavily on the simultaneous advancements in theoretical and experimental domains. The gas-phase ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) technique has attracted significant attention as a unique tool for monitoring photochemical and photophysical processes at the all-atomic level with high temporal and spatial resolutions. In this work, we simulate the UED spectra of cyclobutanone using the trajectory surface hopping method at the extended multi-state complete active space second order perturbation theory (XMS-CASPT2) level and thereby predict the results of the upcoming UED experiments in the Stanford Linear Accelerator Laboratory. The simulated results demonstrate that a few pathways, including the C2 and C3 dissociation channels, as well as the ring opening channel, play important roles in the nonadiabatic reactions of cyclobutanone. We demonstrate that the simulated UED signal can be directly interpreted in terms of atomic motions, which provides a unique way of monitoring the evolution of the molecular structure in real time. Our work not only provides numerical data that help to determine the accuracy of the well-known surface hopping dynamics at the high XMS-CASPT2 electronic-structure level but also facilitates the understanding of the microscopic mechanisms of the photoinduced reactions in cyclobutanone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Peng
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hong Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhenggang Lan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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4
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Bergmann U. Stimulated X-ray emission spectroscopy. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2024:10.1007/s11120-024-01080-y. [PMID: 38619702 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-024-01080-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
We describe an emerging hard X-ray spectroscopy technique, stimulated X-ray emission spectroscopy (S-XES). S-XES has the potential to characterize the electronic structure of 3d transition metal complexes with spectral information currently not reachable and might lead to the development of new ultrafast X-ray sources with properties beyond the state of the art. S-XES has become possible with the emergence of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) that provide intense femtosecond X-ray pulses that can be employed to generate a population inversion of core-hole excited states resulting in stimulated X-ray emission. We describe the instrumentation, the various types of S-XES, the potential applications, the experimental challenges, and the feasibility of applying S-XES to characterize dilute systems, including the Mn4Ca cluster in the oxygen evolving complex of photosystem II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Bergmann
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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5
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Suchan J, Liang F, Durden AS, Levine BG. Prediction challenge: First principles simulation of the ultrafast electron diffraction spectrum of cyclobutanone. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:134310. [PMID: 38573851 DOI: 10.1063/5.0198333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Computer simulation has long been an essential partner of ultrafast experiments, allowing the assignment of microscopic mechanistic detail to low-dimensional spectroscopic data. However, the ability of theory to make a priori predictions of ultrafast experimental results is relatively untested. Herein, as a part of a community challenge, we attempt to predict the signal of an upcoming ultrafast photochemical experiment using state-of-the-art theory in the context of preexisting experimental data. Specifically, we employ ab initio Ehrenfest with collapse to a block mixed quantum-classical simulations to describe the real-time evolution of the electrons and nuclei of cyclobutanone following excitation to the 3s Rydberg state. The gas-phase ultrafast electron diffraction (GUED) signal is simulated for direct comparison to an upcoming experiment at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Laboratory. Following initial ring-opening, dissociation via two distinct channels is observed: the C3 dissociation channel, producing cyclopropane and CO, and the C2 channel, producing CH2CO and C2H4. Direct calculations of the GUED signal indicate how the ring-opened intermediate, the C2 products, and the C3 products can be discriminated in the GUED signal. We also report an a priori analysis of anticipated errors in our predictions: without knowledge of the experimental result, which features of the spectrum do we feel confident we have predicted correctly, and which might we have wrong?
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Suchan
- Institute of Advanced Computational Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Fangchun Liang
- Institute of Advanced Computational Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Andrew S Durden
- Institute of Advanced Computational Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Benjamin G Levine
- Institute of Advanced Computational Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
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6
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Coppola F, Cimino P, Petrone A, Rega N. Evidence of Excited-State Vibrational Mode Governing the Photorelaxation of a Charge-Transfer Complex. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:1620-1633. [PMID: 38381887 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c08366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Modern, nonlinear, time-resolved spectroscopic techniques have opened new doors for investigating the intriguing but complex world of photoinduced ultrafast out-of-equilibrium phenomena and charge dynamics. The interaction between light and matter introduces an additional dimension, where the complex interplay between electronic and vibrational dynamics needs the most advanced theoretical-computational protocols to be fully understood on the molecular scale. In this study, we showcase the capabilities of ab initio molecular dynamics simulation integrated with a multiresolution wavelet protocol to carefully investigate the excited-state relaxation dynamics in a noncovalent complex involving tetramethylbenzene (TMB) and tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) undergoing charge transfer (CT) upon photoexcitation. Our protocol provides an accurate description that facilitates a direct comparison between transient vibrational analysis and time-resolved spectroscopic signals. This molecular level perspective enhances our understanding of photorelaxation processes confined in the adiabatic regime and offers an improved interpretation of vibrational spectra. Furthermore, it enables the quantification of anharmonic vibrational couplings between high- and low-frequency modes, specifically the TCNQ "rocking" and "bending" modes. Additionally, it identifies the primary vibrational mode that governs the adiabaticity between the ground state and the CT state. This comprehensive understanding of photorelaxation processes holds significant importance in the rational design and precise control of more efficient photovoltaic and sensor devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Coppola
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale, Largo San Marcellino 10, I-80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Paola Cimino
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di M.S. Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessio Petrone
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale, Largo San Marcellino 10, I-80138 Napoli, Italy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di M.S. Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare, sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo ed. 6, 80126 Napoli, Italia
| | - Nadia Rega
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale, Largo San Marcellino 10, I-80138 Napoli, Italy
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di M.S. Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare, sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo ed. 6, 80126 Napoli, Italia
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7
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Jadoun D, Kowalewski M. Coherent x-ray spontaneous emission spectroscopy of conical intersections. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:094102. [PMID: 38426516 DOI: 10.1063/5.0180976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Conical intersections are known to play a vital role in many photochemical processes. The breakdown of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation in the vicinity of a conical intersection causes exciting phenomena, such as the ultrafast radiationless decay of excited states. The passage of a molecule through a conical intersection creates a coherent superposition of electronic states via nonadiabatic couplings. Detecting this coherent superposition may serve as a direct probe of the conical intersection. In this paper, we theoretically demonstrate the use of coherent spontaneous emission in samples with long-range order for probing the occurrence of a conical intersection in a molecule. Our simulations show that the spectrum contains clear signatures of the created coherent superposition of electronic states. We investigate the bandwidth requirements for the x-ray probes, which influence the observation of coherent superposition generated by the conical intersection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deependra Jadoun
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Centre, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Markus Kowalewski
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Centre, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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8
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Pios SV, Gelin MF, Ullah A, Dral PO, Chen L. Artificial-Intelligence-Enhanced On-the-Fly Simulation of Nonlinear Time-Resolved Spectra. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:2325-2331. [PMID: 38386692 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Time-resolved spectroscopy is an important tool for unraveling the minute details of structural changes in molecules of biological and technological significance. The nonlinear femtosecond signals detected for such systems must be interpreted, but it is a challenging task for which theoretical simulations are often indispensable. Accurate simulations of transient absorption or two-dimensional electronic spectra are, however, computationally very expensive, prohibiting the wider adoption of existing first-principles methods. Here, we report an artificial-intelligence-enhanced protocol to drastically reduce the computational cost of simulating nonlinear time-resolved electronic spectra, which makes such simulations affordable for polyatomic molecules of increasing size. The protocol is based on the doorway-window approach for the on-the-fly surface-hopping simulations. We show its applicability for the prototypical molecule of pyrazine for which it produces spectra with high precision with respect to ab initio reference while cutting the computational cost by at least 95% compared to pure first-principles simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian V Pios
- Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311100, People's Republic of China
| | - Maxim F Gelin
- School of Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Arif Ullah
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, People's Republic of China
| | - Pavlo O Dral
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Lipeng Chen
- Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311100, People's Republic of China
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9
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Bruschi M, Gallina F, Fresch B. A Quantum Algorithm from Response Theory: Digital Quantum Simulation of Two-Dimensional Electronic Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:1484-1492. [PMID: 38295347 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Multidimensional optical spectroscopies are powerful techniques to investigate energy transfer pathways in natural and artificial systems. Because of the high information content of the spectra, numerical simulations of the optical response are of primary importance to assist the interpretation of spectral features. However, the increasing complexity of the investigated systems and their quantum dynamics call for the development of novel simulation strategies. In this work, we consider using digital quantum computers. By combining quantum dynamical simulation and nonlinear response theory, we present a quantum algorithm for computing the optical response of molecular systems. The quantum advantage stems from the efficient quantum simulation of the dynamics governed by the molecular Hamiltonian, and it is demonstrated by explicitly considering exciton-vibrational coupling. The protocol is tested on a near-term quantum device, providing the digital quantum simulation of the linear and nonlinear response of simple molecular models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bruschi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 1, Padua 35131, Italy
| | - Federico Gallina
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 1, Padua 35131, Italy
| | - Barbara Fresch
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 1, Padua 35131, Italy
- Padua Quantum Technologies Research Center, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Gradenigo 6/A, Padua 35131, Italy
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10
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Qiang Y, Sun K, Palacino-González E, Shen K, Rao BJ, Gelin MF, Zhao Y. Probing avoided crossings and conical intersections by two-pulse femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy: Theoretical study. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:054107. [PMID: 38341700 DOI: 10.1063/5.0186583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This study leverages two-pulse femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (2FSRS) to characterize molecular systems with avoided crossings (ACs) and conical intersections (CIs) in their low-lying excited electronic states. By simulating 2FSRS spectra of microscopically inspired ACs and CIs models, we demonstrate that 2FSRS not only delivers valuable information on the molecular parameters characterizing ACs and CIs but also helps distinguish between these two systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Qiang
- School of Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Kewei Sun
- School of Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Elisa Palacino-González
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kaijun Shen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - B Jayachander Rao
- School of Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Maxim F Gelin
- School of Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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11
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Crisci L, Coppola F, Petrone A, Rega N. Tuning ultrafast time-evolution of photo-induced charge-transfer states: A real-time electronic dynamics study in substituted indenotetracene derivatives. J Comput Chem 2024; 45:210-221. [PMID: 37706600 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.27231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Photo-induced charge transfer (CT) states are pivotal in many technological and biological processes. A deeper knowledge of such states is mandatory for modeling the charge migration dynamics. Real-time time-dependent density functional theory (RT-TD-DFT) electronic dynamics simulations are employed to explicitly observe the electronic density time-evolution upon photo-excitation. Asymmetrically substituted indenotetracene molecules, given their potential application as n-type semiconductors in organic photovoltaic materials, are here investigated. Effects of substituents with different electron-donating characters are analyzed in terms of the overall electronic energy spacing and resulting ultrafast CT dynamics through linear response (LR-)TD-DFT and RT-TD-DFT based approaches. The combination of the computational techniques here employed provided direct access to the electronic density reorganization in time and to its spatial and rational representation in terms of molecular orbital occupation time evolution. Such results can be exploited to design peculiar directional charge dynamics, crucial when photoactive materials are used for light-harvesting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Crisci
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di M.S. Angelo, Naples, Italy
- Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Alessio Petrone
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di M.S. Angelo, Naples, Italy
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale, Naples, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di M.S. Angelo ed. 6, Naples, Italy
| | - Nadia Rega
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di M.S. Angelo, Naples, Italy
- Scuola Superiore Meridionale, Naples, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di M.S. Angelo ed. 6, Naples, Italy
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12
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Buttarazzi E, Perrella F, Rega N, Petrone A. Watching the Interplay between Photoinduced Ultrafast Charge Dynamics and Nuclear Vibrations. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:8751-8766. [PMID: 37991892 PMCID: PMC10720350 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Here is presented the ultrafast hole-electron dynamics of photoinduced metal to ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) states in a Ru(II) complex, [Ru(dcbpy)2(NCS)2]4- (dcbpy = 4,4'-dicarboxy-2,2'-bipyridine), a photoactive molecule employed in dye sensitized solar cells. Via cutting-edge computational techniques, a tailored computational protocol is here presented and developed to provide a detailed analysis of the electronic manifold coupled with nuclear vibrations to better understand the nonradiative pathways and the resulting overall dye performances in light-harvesting processes (electron injection). Thus, the effects of different vibrational modes were investigated on both the electronic levels and charge transfer dynamics through a theoretical-computational approach. First, the linear response time-dependent density functional (LR-TDDFT) formalism was employed to characterize excitation energies and spacing among electronic levels (the electronic layouts). Then, to understand the ultrafast (femtosecond) charge dynamics on the molecular scale, we relied on the nonperturbative mean-field quantum electronic dynamics via real-time (RT-) TDDFT. Three vibrational modes were selected, representative for collective nuclear movements that can have a significant influence on the electronic structure: two involving NCS- ligands and one involving dcbpy ligands. As main results, we observed that such MLCT states, under vibrational distortions, are strongly affected and a faster interligand electron transfer mechanism is observed along with an increasing MLCT character of the adiabatic electronic states approaching closer in energy due to the vibrations. Such findings can help both in providing a molecular picture of multidimensional vibro-electronic spectroscopic techniques, used to characterize ultrafast coherent and noncoherent dynamics of complex systems, and to improve dye performances with particular attention to the study of energy or charge transport processes and vibronic couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Buttarazzi
- Scuola
Superiore Meridionale, Largo San Marcellino 10, I-80138 Napoli, Italy
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli
Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 21, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Fulvio Perrella
- Scuola
Superiore Meridionale, Largo San Marcellino 10, I-80138 Napoli, Italy
| | - Nadia Rega
- Scuola
Superiore Meridionale, Largo San Marcellino 10, I-80138 Napoli, Italy
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli
Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 21, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Istituto
Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare, sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario
di Monte S. Angelo ed. 6, Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessio Petrone
- Scuola
Superiore Meridionale, Largo San Marcellino 10, I-80138 Napoli, Italy
- Department
of Chemical Sciences, University of Napoli
Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 21, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Istituto
Nazionale Di Fisica Nucleare, sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario
di Monte S. Angelo ed. 6, Via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
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13
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Tang J, Zhang Z, Morgan J, Hemsing E, Huang Z. Active Q-Switched X-Ray Regenerative Amplifier Free-Electron Laser. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:055001. [PMID: 37595223 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.055001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Despite tremendous progress in x-ray free-electron laser (FEL) science over the last decade, future applications still demand fully coherent, stable x rays that have not been demonstrated in existing x-ray FEL facilities. In this Letter, we describe an active Q-switched x-ray regenerative amplifier FEL scheme to produce fully coherent, high-brightness, hard x rays at a high-repetition rate. By using simple electron-beam phase space manipulation, we show this scheme is flexible in controlling the x-ray cavity quality factor Q and hence the output radiation. We report both theoretical and numerical studies on this scheme with a wide range of accelerator, x-ray cavity, and undulator parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Tang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Zhen Zhang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Jenny Morgan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Erik Hemsing
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Zhirong Huang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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14
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Zhan S, Gelin MF, Huang X, Sun K. Ab initio simulation of peak evolutions and beating maps for electronic two-dimensional signals of a polyatomic chromophore. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:2890773. [PMID: 37191214 DOI: 10.1063/5.0150387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
By employing the doorway-window (DW) on-the-fly simulation protocol, we performed ab initio simulations of peak evolutions and beating maps of electronic two-dimensional (2D) spectra of a polyatomic molecule in the gas phase. As the system under study, we chose pyrazine, which is a paradigmatic example of photodynamics dominated by conical intersections (CIs). From the technical perspective, we demonstrate that the DW protocol is a numerically efficient methodology suitable for simulations of 2D spectra for a wide range of excitation/detection frequencies and population times. From the information content perspective, we show that peak evolutions and beating maps not only reveal timescales of transitions through CIs but also pinpoint the most relevant coupling and tuning modes active at these CIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siying Zhan
- School of Sciences, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Maxim F Gelin
- School of Sciences, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xiang Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Kewei Sun
- School of Sciences, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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15
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Wright JC, Kohler DD, Bergmann U. X-ray/Extreme Ultraviolet Floquet State Multidimensional Spectroscopy, an Analogue of Multiple Quantum Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. J Phys Chem Lett 2023:4908-4913. [PMID: 37201210 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
There is great interest in developing fully coherent multidimensional X-ray/extreme ultraviolet (XUV) spectroscopic techniques because of their capability for achieving atomic spectral selectivity. Current proposals rest on using sequentially and coherently driven core excitations with multiple X-ray/XUV excitation pulses and measuring the output using time domain Fourier transform methods. In this paper, we propose an alternative method that creates an entanglement of core and optical transitions to form a Floquet state that creates directional and coherent output beams. Multidimensional spectra are obtained by measuring the intensity of output beams while tuning the optical frequencies across resonances. This approach expands on previous optical pump-XUV probe spectroscopy of MoTe2 by theoretically demonstrating its multidimensional capabilities. Both parametric and non-parametric pathways are proposed to optimize the resolution of inhomogeneous broadening and k-selective features.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Wright
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Daniel D Kohler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Uwe Bergmann
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin─Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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16
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Keefer D, Cavaletto SM, Rouxel JR, Garavelli M, Yong H, Mukamel S. Ultrafast X-Ray Probes of Elementary Molecular Events. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2023; 74:73-97. [PMID: 37093660 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-062322-051532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Elementary events that determine photochemical outcomes and molecular functionalities happen on the femtosecond and subfemtosecond timescales. Among the most ubiquitous events are the nonadiabatic dynamics taking place at conical intersections. These facilitate ultrafast, nonradiative transitions between electronic states in molecules that can outcompete slower relaxation mechanisms such as fluorescence. The rise of ultrafast X-ray sources, which provide intense light pulses with ever-shorter durations and larger observation bandwidths, has fundamentally revolutionized our spectroscopic capabilities to detect conical intersections. Recent theoretical studies have demonstrated an entirely new signature emerging once a molecule traverses a conical intersection, giving detailed insights into the coupled nuclear and electronic motions that underlie, facilitate, and ultimately determine the ultrafast molecular dynamics. Following a summary of current sources and experiments, we survey these techniques and provide a unified overview of their capabilities. We discuss their potential to dramatically increase our understanding of ultrafast photochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Keefer
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California, USA; ,
| | - Stefano M Cavaletto
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California, USA; ,
- Current affiliation: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jérémy R Rouxel
- Université de Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, IOGS, Laboratoire Hubert Curien, UMR CNRS 5516, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Marco Garavelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Haiwang Yong
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California, USA; ,
| | - Shaul Mukamel
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California, USA; ,
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17
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Conde ÁP, Lamas I, Albaneda MS, Méndez C, Longarte A, Montero R. Tracking ultrafast dynamics by sub-20-fs UV pulses generated in the lab open atmosphere. Chem Phys Lett 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.140268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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18
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Boeije Y, Olivucci M. From a one-mode to a multi-mode understanding of conical intersection mediated ultrafast organic photochemical reactions. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:2643-2687. [PMID: 36970950 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00719c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
This review discusses how ultrafast organic photochemical reactions are controlled by conical intersections, highlighting that decay to the ground-state at multiple points of the intersection space results in their multi-mode character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yorrick Boeije
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences (HIMS), University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Massimo Olivucci
- Chemistry Department, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro n. 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Chemistry Department, Bowling Green State University, Overman Hall, Bowling Green, Ohio 43403, USA
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19
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Gelin MF, Chen L, Domcke W. Equation-of-Motion Methods for the Calculation of Femtosecond Time-Resolved 4-Wave-Mixing and N-Wave-Mixing Signals. Chem Rev 2022; 122:17339-17396. [PMID: 36278801 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond nonlinear spectroscopy is the main tool for the time-resolved detection of photophysical and photochemical processes. Since most systems of chemical interest are rather complex, theoretical support is indispensable for the extraction of the intrinsic system dynamics from the detected spectroscopic responses. There exist two alternative theoretical formalisms for the calculation of spectroscopic signals, the nonlinear response-function (NRF) approach and the spectroscopic equation-of-motion (EOM) approach. In the NRF formalism, the system-field interaction is assumed to be sufficiently weak and is treated in lowest-order perturbation theory for each laser pulse interacting with the sample. The conceptual alternative to the NRF method is the extraction of the spectroscopic signals from the solutions of quantum mechanical, semiclassical, or quasiclassical EOMs which govern the time evolution of the material system interacting with the radiation field of the laser pulses. The NRF formalism and its applications to a broad range of material systems and spectroscopic signals have been comprehensively reviewed in the literature. This article provides a detailed review of the suite of EOM methods, including applications to 4-wave-mixing and N-wave-mixing signals detected with weak or strong fields. Under certain circumstances, the spectroscopic EOM methods may be more efficient than the NRF method for the computation of various nonlinear spectroscopic signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxim F Gelin
- School of Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Lipeng Chen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme, Nöthnitzer Strasse 38, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Domcke
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, D-85747 Garching,Germany
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20
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Brüggemann J, Wolter M, Jacob CR. Quantum-chemical calculation of two-dimensional infrared spectra using localized-mode VSCF/VCI. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:244107. [PMID: 36586972 DOI: 10.1063/5.0135273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Computational protocols for the simulation of two-dimensional infrared (2D IR) spectroscopy usually rely on vibrational exciton models which require an empirical parameterization. Here, we present an efficient quantum-chemical protocol for predicting static 2D IR spectra that does not require any empirical parameters. For the calculation of anharmonic vibrational energy levels and transition dipole moments, we employ the localized-mode vibrational self-consistent field (L-VSCF)/vibrational configuration interaction (L-VCI) approach previously established for (linear) anharmonic theoretical vibrational spectroscopy [P. T. Panek and C. R. Jacob, ChemPhysChem 15, 3365-3377 (2014)]. We demonstrate that with an efficient expansion of the potential energy surface using anharmonic one-mode potentials and harmonic two-mode potentials, 2D IR spectra of metal carbonyl complexes and dipeptides can be predicted reliably. We further show how the close connection between L-VCI and vibrational exciton models can be exploited to extract the parameters of such models from those calculations. This provides a novel route to the fully quantum-chemical parameterization of vibrational exciton models for predicting 2D IR spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Brüggemann
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Gaußstraße 17, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mario Wolter
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Gaußstraße 17, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christoph R Jacob
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Gaußstraße 17, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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21
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Du J, Liao K, Ma J, Li W, Li S. Generalized Energy-Based Fragmentation Approach for the Electronic Emission Spectra of Large Systems. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:7630-7638. [PMID: 36399522 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The excited-state (ES) geometry optimization and electronic emission (fluorescence and phosphorescence) spectra and the ES vibrational spectra of large systems are great challenges in quantum chemistry. In this work, we develop a generalized energy-based fragmentation (GEBF) approach to compute the localized ES structures and vibrational frequencies of large systems. In this approach, the ES energy derivatives (gradients or Hessians) for a localized ES of a large system can be obtained by combining the ES energy derivatives of the corresponding active subsystems (including local excitation center) and the ground-state energy derivatives of inactive subsystems. Two strategies are adopted to overcome two difficulties from state-classification and state-tracking for treating specific ESs. First, for state-classification, we develop an improved density-based spatial clustering applied with noise algorithm with a modified transition orbital projection (TOP) algorithm, which allow a certain ES energy and energy derivatives of the whole system to be calculated with different ES energies and energy derivatives of active subsystems. Furthermore, we also employ the TOP algorithm for tracking the ESs in their geometry optimizations at the time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) level. Then, the GEBF approach is applied to investigate the optimized ES geometries or ES vibrational frequencies for two typical systems. Our results show that the cost-effective GEBF approach can accurately reproduce the TDDFT fluorescence spectra of the cytosine derivative and the experimental phosphorescence spectra of the β-cyclodextrin derivative. The GEBF approach is expected to be routinely applied to investigate the electronic emission spectra of very large systems with local chromophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Du
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Kang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Shuhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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22
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Schnappinger T, Jadoun D, Gudem M, Kowalewski M. Time-resolved X-ray and XUV based spectroscopic methods for nonadiabatic processes in photochemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:12763-12781. [PMID: 36317595 PMCID: PMC9671098 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04875b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
The photochemistry of numerous molecular systems is influenced by conical intersections (CIs). These omnipresent nonadiabatic phenomena provide ultra-fast radiationless relaxation channels by creating degeneracies between electronic states and decide over the final photoproducts. In their presence, the Born-Oppenheimer approximation breaks down, and the timescales of the electron and nuclear dynamics become comparable. Due to the ultra-fast dynamics and the complex interplay between nuclear and electronic degrees of freedom, the direct experimental observation of nonadiabatic processes close to CIs remains challenging. In this article, we give a theoretical perspective on novel spectroscopic techniques capable of observing clear signatures of CIs. We discuss methods that are based on ultra-short laser pulses in the extreme ultraviolet and X-ray regime, as their spectral and temporal resolution allow for resolving the ultra-fast dynamics near CIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schnappinger
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Centre, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Deependra Jadoun
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Centre, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Mahesh Gudem
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Centre, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Markus Kowalewski
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Centre, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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23
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Nazarov AE, Ivanov AI, Rosspeintner A, Angulo G. Full relaxation dynamics recovery from ultrafast fluorescence experiments by means of the stochastic model: Does the solvent response dynamics depend on the fluorophore nature? J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Sun K, Gelin MF, Zhao Y. Accurate Simulation of Spectroscopic Signatures of Cavity-Assisted, Conical-Intersection-Controlled Singlet Fission Processes. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:4280-4288. [PMID: 35522971 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A numerically accurate, fully quantum methodology has been developed for the simulation of the dynamics and nonlinear spectroscopic signals of cavity-assisted, conical-intersection-controlled singlet fission systems. The methodology is capable of handling several molecular systems strongly coupled to the photonic mode of the cavity and treats the intrinsic conical intersection and cavity-induced polaritonic conical intersections in a numerically exact manner. Contributions of higher-lying molecular electronic states are accounted for comprehensively. The intriguing process of cavity-modified fission dynamics, including all of its electronic, vibrational, and photonic degrees of freedom, together with its two-dimensional spectroscopic manifestation, is simulated for two rubrene dimers strongly coupled to the cavity mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewei Sun
- School of Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - Maxim F Gelin
- School of Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
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25
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Restaino L, Jadoun D, Kowalewski M. Probing nonadiabatic dynamics with attosecond pulse trains and soft x-ray Raman spectroscopy. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2022; 9:034101. [PMID: 35774244 PMCID: PMC9239728 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Linear off-resonant x-ray Raman techniques are capable of detecting the ultrafast electronic coherences generated when a photoexcited wave packet passes through a conical intersection. A hybrid femtosecond or attosecond probe pulse is employed to excite the system and stimulate the emission of the signal photon, where both fields are components of a hybrid pulse scheme. In this paper, we investigate how attosecond pulse trains, as provided by high-harmonic generation processes, perform as probe pulses in the framework of this spectroscopic technique, instead of single Gaussian pulses. We explore different combination schemes for the probe pulse as well as the impact of parameters of the pulse trains on the signals. Furthermore, we show how Raman selection rules and symmetry consideration affect the spectroscopic signal, and we discuss the importance of vibrational contributions to the overall signal. We use two different model systems, representing molecules of different symmetries, and quantum dynamics simulations to study the difference in the spectra. The results suggest that such pulse trains are well suited to capture the key features associated with the electronic coherence.
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26
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Zhang Y, Kroll T, Weninger C, Michine Y, Fuller FD, Zhu D, Alonso-Mori R, Sokaras D, Lutman AA, Halavanau A, Pellegrini C, Benediktovitch A, Yabashi M, Inoue I, Inubushi Y, Osaka T, Yamada J, Babu G, Salpekar D, Sayed FN, Ajayan PM, Kern J, Yano J, Yachandra VK, Yoneda H, Rohringer N, Bergmann U. Generation of intense phase-stable femtosecond hard X-ray pulse pairs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2119616119. [PMID: 35290124 PMCID: PMC8944280 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2119616119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Coherent nonlinear spectroscopies and imaging in the X-ray domain provide direct insight into the coupled motions of electrons and nuclei with resolution on the electronic length scale and timescale. The experimental realization of such techniques will strongly benefit from access to intense, coherent pairs of femtosecond X-ray pulses. We have observed phase-stable X-ray pulse pairs containing more than 3 × 107 photons at 5.9 keV (2.1 Å) with ∼1 fs duration and 2 to 5 fs separation. The highly directional pulse pairs are manifested by interference fringes in the superfluorescent and seeded stimulated manganese Kα emission induced by an X-ray free-electron laser. The fringes constitute the time-frequency X-ray analog of Young’s double-slit interference, allowing for frequency domain X-ray measurements with attosecond time resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025
| | - Thomas Kroll
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025
| | - Clemens Weninger
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Lund 224 84, Sweden
| | - Yurina Michine
- Institute for Laser Science, The University of Electro-Communications, Chofu,Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Franklin D. Fuller
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025
| | - Diling Zhu
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025
| | - Roberto Alonso-Mori
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025
| | - Dimosthenis Sokaras
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025
| | - Alberto A. Lutman
- Linac & FEL Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025
| | - Aliaksei Halavanau
- Accelerator Research Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025
| | - Claudio Pellegrini
- Accelerator Research Division, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025
| | - Andrei Benediktovitch
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Makina Yabashi
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Ichiro Inoue
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Yuichi Inubushi
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Taito Osaka
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Jumpei Yamada
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Ganguli Babu
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005
| | - Devashish Salpekar
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005
| | - Farheen N. Sayed
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005
| | - Pulickel M. Ajayan
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005
| | - Jan Kern
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Junko Yano
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Vittal K. Yachandra
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Hitoki Yoneda
- Institute for Laser Science, The University of Electro-Communications, Chofu,Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Nina Rohringer
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg 22607, Germany
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg 20355, Germany
| | - Uwe Bergmann
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706
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27
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Xu C, Lin K, Hu D, Gu FL, Gelin MF, Lan Z. Ultrafast Internal Conversion Dynamics through the on-the-Fly Simulation of Transient Absorption Pump-Probe Spectra with Different Electronic Structure Methods. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:661-668. [PMID: 35023755 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An on-the-fly surface-hopping simulation protocol is developed for the evaluation of transient absorption (TA) pump-probe (PP) signals of molecular systems exhibiting internal conversion to the electronic ground state. We study the nonadiabatic dynamics of azomethane and the associating TA PP spectra at three levels of the electronic-structure theory, OM2/MRCI, SA-CASSCF, and XMS-CASPT2. The impact of these methods on the population dynamics and time-resolved TA PP signals is substantially different. This difference is attributed to the strong non-Condon effects that must be taken into account for the proper understanding and interpretation of time-resolved TA PP signals of nonadiabatic polyatomic systems. This shows that the combination of the dynamical and spectral simulations definitely provides more accurate and detailed information on the microscopic mechanisms of photophysical and photochemical processes. Hence the simulation of time-resolved spectroscopic signals provides another important dimension to examine the accuracy of quantum chemistry methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Kunni Lin
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Deping Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety and MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, SCNU Environmental Research Institute, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Feng Long Gu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education; School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Maxim F Gelin
- School of Sciences, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China
| | - Zhenggang Lan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety and MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, SCNU Environmental Research Institute, School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
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28
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Stiel H, Braenzel J, Jonas A, Gnewkow R, Glöggler LT, Sommer D, Krist T, Erko A, Tümmler J, Mantouvalou I. Towards Understanding Excited-State Properties of Organic Molecules Using Time-Resolved Soft X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13463. [PMID: 34948258 PMCID: PMC8706469 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The extension of the pump-probe approach known from UV/VIS spectroscopy to very short wavelengths together with advanced simulation techniques allows a detailed analysis of excited-state dynamics in organic molecules or biomolecular structures on a nanosecond to femtosecond time level. Optical pump soft X-ray probe spectroscopy is a relatively new approach to detect and characterize optically dark states in organic molecules, exciton dynamics or transient ligand-to-metal charge transfer states. In this paper, we describe two experimental setups for transient soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy based on an LPP emitting picosecond and sub-nanosecond soft X-ray pulses in the photon energy range between 50 and 1500 eV. We apply these setups for near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) investigations of thin films of a metal-free porphyrin, an aggregate forming carbocyanine and a nickel oxide molecule. NEXAFS investigations have been carried out at the carbon, nitrogen and oxygen K-edge as well as on the Ni L-edge. From time-resolved NEXAFS carbon, K-edge measurements of the metal-free porphyrin first insights into a long-lived trap state are gained. Our findings are discussed and compared with density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Stiel
- Berlin Laboratory for Innovative X-ray Technologies (BLiX), D-10623 Berlin, Germany; (J.B.); (A.J.); (R.G.); (L.T.G.); (J.T.); (I.M.)
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, D-12489 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Julia Braenzel
- Berlin Laboratory for Innovative X-ray Technologies (BLiX), D-10623 Berlin, Germany; (J.B.); (A.J.); (R.G.); (L.T.G.); (J.T.); (I.M.)
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, D-12489 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Adrian Jonas
- Berlin Laboratory for Innovative X-ray Technologies (BLiX), D-10623 Berlin, Germany; (J.B.); (A.J.); (R.G.); (L.T.G.); (J.T.); (I.M.)
- Analytical X-ray Physics, TU Berlin, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Richard Gnewkow
- Berlin Laboratory for Innovative X-ray Technologies (BLiX), D-10623 Berlin, Germany; (J.B.); (A.J.); (R.G.); (L.T.G.); (J.T.); (I.M.)
- Analytical X-ray Physics, TU Berlin, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lisa Theresa Glöggler
- Berlin Laboratory for Innovative X-ray Technologies (BLiX), D-10623 Berlin, Germany; (J.B.); (A.J.); (R.G.); (L.T.G.); (J.T.); (I.M.)
- Analytical X-ray Physics, TU Berlin, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Denny Sommer
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, D-12489 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Thomas Krist
- NOB Nano Optics Berlin GmbH, D-10627 Berlin, Germany;
| | | | - Johannes Tümmler
- Berlin Laboratory for Innovative X-ray Technologies (BLiX), D-10623 Berlin, Germany; (J.B.); (A.J.); (R.G.); (L.T.G.); (J.T.); (I.M.)
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, D-12489 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Ioanna Mantouvalou
- Berlin Laboratory for Innovative X-ray Technologies (BLiX), D-10623 Berlin, Germany; (J.B.); (A.J.); (R.G.); (L.T.G.); (J.T.); (I.M.)
- Analytical X-ray Physics, TU Berlin, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
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29
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Lee CK, Hsieh CY, Zhang S, Shi L. Simulation of Condensed-Phase Spectroscopy with Near-Term Digital Quantum Computers. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:7178-7186. [PMID: 34648713 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Spectroscopy is an indispensable tool for understanding the structures and dynamics of molecular systems. However, computational modeling of spectroscopy is challenging due to the exponential scaling of computational complexity with system sizes unless drastic approximations are made. Quantum computers could potentially overcome these classically intractable computational tasks, but the existing approaches using quantum computers to simulate spectroscopy can only handle isolated and static molecules. In this work, we develop a workflow that combines multi-scale modeling and a time-dependent variational quantum algorithm to compute the linear spectroscopy of systems interacting with their condensed-phase environment via the relevant time correlation function. We demonstrate the feasibility of our approach by numerically simulating the UV-vis absorption spectra of organic semiconductors. We show that our dynamical approach captures several spectral features that are otherwise overlooked by static methods. Our method can be directly used for other linear condensed-phase spectroscopy and could potentially be extended to nonlinear multi-dimensional spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee-Kong Lee
- Tencent America, Palo Alto, California 94306, United States
| | | | | | - Liang Shi
- Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Merced, Merced, California 95343, United States
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30
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Segarra‐Martí J, Bearpark MJ. Modelling Photoionisation in Isocytosine: Potential Formation of Longer-Lived Excited State Cations in its Keto Form. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:2172-2181. [PMID: 34370368 PMCID: PMC8597144 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Studying the effects of UV and VUV radiation on non-canonical DNA/RNA nucleobases allows us to compare how they release excess energy following absorption with respect to their canonical counterparts. This has attracted much research attention in recent years because of its likely influence on the origin of our genetic lexicon in prebiotic times. Here we present a CASSCF and XMS-CASPT2 theoretical study of the photoionisation of non-canonical pyrimidine nucleobase isocytosine in both its keto and enol tautomeric forms. We analyse their lowest energy cationic excited states including 2 π + , 2 n O + and 2 n N + and compare these to the corresponding electronic states in cytosine. Investigating lower-energy decay pathways we find - unexpectedly - that keto-isocytosine+ presents a sizeable energy barrier potentially inhibiting decay to its cationic ground state, whereas enol-isocytosine+ features a barrierless and consequently ultrafast pathway analogous to the one previously found for the canonical (keto) form of cytosine+ . Dynamic electron correlation reduces the energy barrier in the keto form substantially (by ∼1 eV) but it is nevertheless still present. We additionally compute the UV/Vis absorption signals of the structures encountered along these decay channels to provide spectroscopic fingerprints to assist future experiments in monitoring these intricate photo-processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Segarra‐Martí
- Department of ChemistryMolecular Sciences Research HubImperial College LondonWhite City Campus, 82 Wood LaneLondonW12 0BZUK
- Present address: Instituto de Ciencia MolecularUniversitat de ValenciaP.O. Box 22085ES-46071ValenciaSpain
| | - Michael J. Bearpark
- Department of ChemistryMolecular Sciences Research HubImperial College LondonWhite City Campus, 82 Wood LaneLondonW12 0BZUK
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31
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Kochman MA, Durbeej B, Kubas A. Simulation and Analysis of the Transient Absorption Spectrum of 4-( N, N-Dimethylamino)benzonitrile (DMABN) in Acetonitrile. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:8635-8648. [PMID: 34550700 PMCID: PMC8503879 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c06166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
4-(N,N-Dimethylamino)benzonitrile (DMABN) is a well-known model compound for dual fluorescence-in sufficiently polar solvents, it exhibits two distinct fluorescence emission bands. The interpretation of its transient absorption (TA) spectrum in the visible range is the subject of a long-standing controversy. In the present study, we resolve this issue by calculating the TA spectrum on the basis of nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulations. An unambiguous assignment of spectral signals to specific excited-state structures is achieved by breaking down the calculated spectrum into contributions from twisted and nontwisted molecular geometries. In particular, the much-discussed excited-state absorption band near 1.7 eV (ca. 700 nm) is attributed to the near-planar locally excited (LE) minimum on the S1 state. On the technical side, our study demonstrates that the second-order approximate coupled cluster singles and doubles (CC2) method can be used successfully to calculate the TA spectra of moderately large organic molecules, provided that the system in question does not approach a crossing between the lowest excited state and the singlet ground state within the time frame of the simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Andrzej Kochman
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Ul. Marcina Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Bo Durbeej
- Division
of Theoretical Chemistry, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology
(IFM), Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Adam Kubas
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of
Sciences, Ul. Marcina Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warszawa, Poland
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32
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Rousseau P, González-Vázquez J, Piekarski DG, Kopyra J, Domaracka A, Alcamí M, Adoui L, Huber BA, Díaz-Tendero S, Martín F. Timing of charge migration in betaine by impact of fast atomic ions. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabg9080. [PMID: 34597129 PMCID: PMC10938492 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abg9080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The way molecules break after ion bombardment is intimately related to the early electron dynamics generated in the system, in particular, charge (or electron) migration. We exploit the natural positive-negative charge splitting in the zwitterionic molecule betaine to selectively induce double electron removal from its negatively charged side by impact of fast O6+ ions. The loss of two electrons in this localized region of the molecular skeleton triggers a competition between direct Coulomb explosion and charge migration that is examined to obtain temporal information from ion-ion coincident measurements and nonadiabatic molecular dynamics calculations. We find a charge migration time, from one end of the molecule to the other, of approximately 20 to 40 femtoseconds. This migration time is longer than that observed in molecules irradiated by ultrashort light pulses and is the consequence of charge migration being driven by adiabatic nuclear dynamics in the ground state of the molecular dication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Rousseau
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, CIMAP, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Jesús González-Vázquez
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Dariusz G. Piekarski
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Janina Kopyra
- Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, 3 Maja 54, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
| | - Alicja Domaracka
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, CIMAP, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Manuel Alcamí
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nano), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lamri Adoui
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, CIMAP, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Bernd A. Huber
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, CIMAP, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Sergio Díaz-Tendero
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Martín
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nano), Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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33
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Jadoun D, Kowalewski M. Time-Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Conical Intersections with Attosecond Pulse Trains. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:8103-8108. [PMID: 34410134 PMCID: PMC8404190 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Conical Intersections (CIs), which are believed to be ubiquitous in molecular and biological systems, open up ultrafast nonradiative decay channels. A superposition of electronic states is created when a molecule passes through a CI and the nuclear wave packet branches. The resulting electronic coherence can be considered a unique signature of the CI. The involved electronic states can be resolved in the energy domain with photoelectron spectroscopy using a femtosecond pulse as a probe. However, the observation of the created electronic coherence in the time domain requires probe pulses with several electron volts of bandwidth. Attosecond pulses can probe the electronic coherence but are unable to resolve the involved electronic states. In this Letter, we propose to address this restriction by using time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy with an attosecond pulse train as a probe. We theoretically demonstrate that the resulting photoelectron spectrum may yield energy resolution as well as the information on the created coherences in the time domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deependra Jadoun
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Centre, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Markus Kowalewski
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Centre, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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34
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Westermayr J, Marquetand P. Machine Learning for Electronically Excited States of Molecules. Chem Rev 2021; 121:9873-9926. [PMID: 33211478 PMCID: PMC8391943 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Electronically excited states of molecules are at the heart of photochemistry, photophysics, as well as photobiology and also play a role in material science. Their theoretical description requires highly accurate quantum chemical calculations, which are computationally expensive. In this review, we focus on not only how machine learning is employed to speed up such excited-state simulations but also how this branch of artificial intelligence can be used to advance this exciting research field in all its aspects. Discussed applications of machine learning for excited states include excited-state dynamics simulations, static calculations of absorption spectra, as well as many others. In order to put these studies into context, we discuss the promises and pitfalls of the involved machine learning techniques. Since the latter are mostly based on quantum chemistry calculations, we also provide a short introduction into excited-state electronic structure methods and approaches for nonadiabatic dynamics simulations and describe tricks and problems when using them in machine learning for excited states of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Westermayr
- Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Marquetand
- Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna
Research Platform on Accelerating Photoreaction Discovery, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Data
Science @ Uni Vienna, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 29, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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35
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Abstract
Electronically excited states of molecules are at the heart of photochemistry, photophysics, as well as photobiology and also play a role in material science. Their theoretical description requires highly accurate quantum chemical calculations, which are computationally expensive. In this review, we focus on not only how machine learning is employed to speed up such excited-state simulations but also how this branch of artificial intelligence can be used to advance this exciting research field in all its aspects. Discussed applications of machine learning for excited states include excited-state dynamics simulations, static calculations of absorption spectra, as well as many others. In order to put these studies into context, we discuss the promises and pitfalls of the involved machine learning techniques. Since the latter are mostly based on quantum chemistry calculations, we also provide a short introduction into excited-state electronic structure methods and approaches for nonadiabatic dynamics simulations and describe tricks and problems when using them in machine learning for excited states of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Westermayr
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Marquetand
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Research Platform on Accelerating Photoreaction Discovery, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Data Science @ Uni Vienna, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 29, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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36
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Farag MH, Mandal A, Huo P. Polariton induced conical intersection and berry phase. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:16868-16879. [PMID: 34328152 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00943e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the Polariton induced conical intersection (PICI) created from coupling a diatomic molecule with the quantized photon mode inside an optical cavity, and the corresponding Berry Phase effects. We use the rigorous Pauli-Fierz Hamiltonian to describe the quantum light-matter interactions between a LiF molecule and the cavity, and use the exact quantum propagation to investigate the polariton quantum dynamics. The molecular rotations relative to the cavity polarization direction play a role as the tuning mode of the PICI, resulting in an effective CI even within a diatomic molecule. To clearly demonstrate the dynamical effects of the Berry phase, we construct two additional models that have the same Born-Oppenheimer surface, but the effects of the geometric phase are removed. We find that when the initial wavefunction is placed in the lower polaritonic surface, the Berry phase causes a π phase-shift in the wavefunction after the encirclement around the CI, indicated from the nuclear probability distribution. On the other hand, when the initial wavefunction is placed in the upper polaritonic surface, the geometric phase significantly influences the couplings between polaritonic states and therefore, the population dynamics between them. These BP effects are further demonstrated through the photo-fragment angular distribution. PICI created from the quantized radiation field has the promise to open up new possibilities to modulate photochemical reactivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa H Farag
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester, New York 14627, USA.
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37
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Fouda AEA, Ho PJ. Site-specific generation of excited state wavepackets with high-intensity attosecond x rays. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:224111. [PMID: 34241215 DOI: 10.1063/5.0050891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
High-intensity attosecond x rays can produce coherent superpositions of valence-excited states through two-photon Raman transitions. The broad-bandwidth, high-field nature of the pulses results in a multitude of accessible excited states. Multiconfigurational quantum chemistry with the time-dependent Schrödinger equation is used to examine population transfer dynamics in stimulated x-ray Raman scattering of the nitric oxide oxygen and nitrogen K-edges. Two pulse schemes initiate wavepackets of different characters and demonstrate how chemical differences between core-excitation pathways affect the dynamics. The population transfer to valence-excited states is found to be sensitive to the electronic structure and pulse conditions, highlighting complexities attributed to the Rabi frequency. The orthogonally polarized two-color-pulse setup has increased selectivity while facilitating longer, less intense pulses than the one-pulse setup. Population transfer in the 1s → Rydberg region is more effective but less selective at the nitrogen K-edge; the selectivity is reduced by double core-excited states. Result interpretation is aided by resonant inelastic x-ray scattering maps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam E A Fouda
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Phay J Ho
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
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38
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Jadoun D, Gudem M, Kowalewski M. Capturing fingerprints of conical intersection: Complementary information of non-adiabatic dynamics from linear x-ray probes. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2021; 8:034101. [PMID: 33981781 PMCID: PMC8096460 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Many recent experimental ultrafast spectroscopy studies have hinted at non-adiabatic dynamics indicating the existence of conical intersections, but their direct observation remains a challenge. The rapid change of the energy gap between the electronic states complicated their observation by requiring bandwidths of several electron volts. In this manuscript, we propose to use the combined information of different x-ray pump-probe techniques to identify the conical intersection. We theoretically study the conical intersection in pyrrole using transient x-ray absorption, time-resolved x-ray spontaneous emission, and linear off-resonant Raman spectroscopy to gather evidence of the curve crossing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deependra Jadoun
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Centre, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mahesh Gudem
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Centre, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Markus Kowalewski
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Albanova University Centre, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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39
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Ferrante C, Principi E, Marini A, Batignani G, Fumero G, Virga A, Foglia L, Mincigrucci R, Simoncig A, Spezzani C, Masciovecchio C, Scopigno T. Non-linear self-driven spectral tuning of Extreme Ultraviolet Femtosecond Pulses in monoatomic materials. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2021; 10:92. [PMID: 33911069 PMCID: PMC8080687 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00531-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Self-action nonlinearity is a key aspect - either as a foundational element or a detrimental factor - of several optical spectroscopies and photonic devices. Supercontinuum generation, wavelength converters, and chirped pulse amplification are just a few examples. The recent advent of Free Electron Lasers (FEL) fostered building on nonlinearity to propose new concepts and extend optical wavelengths paradigms for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and X-ray regimes. No evidence for intrapulse dynamics, however, has been reported at such short wavelengths, where the light-matter interactions are ruled by the sharp absorption edges of core electrons. Here, we provide experimental evidence for self-phase modulation of femtosecond FEL pulses, which we exploit for fine self-driven spectral tunability by interaction with sub-micrometric foils of selected monoatomic materials. Moving the pulse wavelength across the absorption edge, the spectral profile changes from a non-linear spectral blue-shift to a red-shifted broadening. These findings are rationalized accounting for ultrafast ionization and delayed thermal response of highly excited electrons above and below threshold, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carino Ferrante
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy.
- Center for Life Nano Science @Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, I-00161, Roma, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy.
| | - Emiliano Principi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., SS 14-km 163.5, 34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Marini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giovanni Batignani
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fumero
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandra Virga
- Center for Life Nano Science @Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, I-00161, Roma, Italy
| | - Laura Foglia
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., SS 14-km 163.5, 34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Riccardo Mincigrucci
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., SS 14-km 163.5, 34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alberto Simoncig
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., SS 14-km 163.5, 34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Carlo Spezzani
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., SS 14-km 163.5, 34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Claudio Masciovecchio
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., SS 14-km 163.5, 34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Tullio Scopigno
- Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy.
- Center for Life Nano Science @Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Viale Regina Elena 291, I-00161, Roma, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy.
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40
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Keefer D, Mukamel S. Selective Enhancement of Spectroscopic Features by Quantum Optimal Control. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:163202. [PMID: 33961451 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.163202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tailored light can be used to steer atomic motions into selected quantum pathways. In optimal control theory (OCT), the target is usually expressed in terms of the molecular wave function, a quantity that is not directly observable in experiment. We present simulations using OCT that optimize the spectroscopic signal itself. By shaping the optical pump, the x-ray stimulated Raman signal, which occurs solely during the passage through conical intersections, is temporally controlled and amplified by up to 2 orders of magnitude. This enhancement can be crucial in order to bring small coherence-based signatures above the detectable threshold. Our approach is applicable to any signal that depends on the expectation value of a positive definite operator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Keefer
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA
| | - Shaul Mukamel
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, USA
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41
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Shedge SV, Zuehlsdorff TJ, Khanna A, Conley S, Isborn CM. Explicit environmental and vibronic effects in simulations of linear and nonlinear optical spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:084116. [PMID: 33639769 DOI: 10.1063/5.0038196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurately simulating the linear and nonlinear electronic spectra of condensed phase systems and accounting for all physical phenomena contributing to spectral line shapes presents a significant challenge. Vibronic transitions can be captured through a harmonic model generated from the normal modes of a chromophore, but it is challenging to also include the effects of specific chromophore-environment interactions within such a model. We work to overcome this limitation by combining approaches to account for both explicit environment interactions and vibronic couplings for simulating both linear and nonlinear optical spectra. We present and show results for three approaches of varying computational cost for combining ensemble sampling of chromophore-environment configurations with Franck-Condon line shapes for simulating linear spectra. We present two analogous approaches for nonlinear spectra. Simulated absorption spectra and two-dimensional electronic spectra (2DES) are presented for the Nile red chromophore in different solvent environments. Employing an average Franck-Condon or 2DES line shape appears to be a promising method for simulating linear and nonlinear spectroscopy for a chromophore in the condensed phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapana V Shedge
- Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of California Merced, Merced, California 95343, USA
| | - Tim J Zuehlsdorff
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA
| | - Ajay Khanna
- Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of California Merced, Merced, California 95343, USA
| | - Stacey Conley
- Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of California Merced, Merced, California 95343, USA
| | - Christine M Isborn
- Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of California Merced, Merced, California 95343, USA
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42
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Keefer D, Freixas VM, Song H, Tretiak S, Fernandez-Alberti S, Mukamel S. Monitoring molecular vibronic coherences in a bichromophoric molecule by ultrafast X-ray spectroscopy. Chem Sci 2021; 12:5286-5294. [PMID: 34168779 PMCID: PMC8179640 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06328b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of quantum-mechanical coherences in the elementary photophysics of functional optoelectronic molecular materials is currently under active study. Designing and controlling stable coherences arising from concerted vibronic dynamics in organic chromophores is the key for numerous applications. Here, we present fundamental insight into the energy transfer properties of a rigid synthetic heterodimer that has been experimentally engineered to study coherences. Quantum non-adiabatic excited state simulations are used to compute X-ray Raman signals, which are able to sensitively monitor the coherence evolution. Our results verify their vibronic nature, that survives multiple conical intersection passages for several hundred femtoseconds at room temperature. Despite the contributions of highly heterogeneous evolution pathways, the coherences are unambiguously visualized by the experimentally accessible X-ray signals. They offer direct information on the dynamics of electronic and structural degrees of freedom, paving the way for detailed coherence measurements in functional organic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Keefer
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine California 92697-2025 USA
| | - Victor M Freixas
- Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET B1876BXD Bernal Argentina
| | - Huajing Song
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA
| | | | - Shaul Mukamel
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine California 92697-2025 USA
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43
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Jiang S, Kowalewski M, Dorfman KE. Multi-wave mixing in the high harmonic regime: monitoring electronic dynamics. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:4746-4754. [PMID: 33726024 DOI: 10.1364/oe.414619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that electronic coherences across many eV can be detected in pump-probe experiments involving high harmonic sources. An additional degree of control over the phase matching can be employed by investigating a more general class of multi-wave mixing. Non-collinear multi-wave mixing of high harmonics with energy (q1ω1 + q2ω2) can be selectively detected along the direction of (q1k1 + q2k2). Simulations based on a recently developed semi-perturbative approach show that only the specific harmonic signals with q1ω1 close to the energy difference between ground state and excited states are observable when the two input pulses are well separated in time. The coherent dynamics between different states can be selectively tracked by detecting the time-delay dependent signals with different q1k1, which can overcome the potential spectral congestion in real experiments. Additionally, such non-collinear geometry can be used to separate the dephasing induced decay and collision induced recovery behaviors of pump-probe high harmonic signal typically observed in the time-resolved high harmonic pump-probe signals.
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44
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Gu B, Nenov A, Segatta F, Garavelli M, Mukamel S. Manipulating Core Excitations in Molecules by X-Ray Cavities. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:053201. [PMID: 33605757 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.053201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Core excitations on different atoms are highly localized and therefore decoupled. By placing molecules in an x-ray cavity the core transitions become coupled via the exchange of cavity photons and form delocalized hybrid light-matter excitations known as core polaritons. We demonstrate these effects for the two inequivalent carbon atoms in 1,1-difluoroethylene. Polariton signatures in the x-ray absorption, two-photon absorption, and multidimensional four-wave mixing signals are predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Gu
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Artur Nenov
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari," Università degli studi di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Segatta
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari," Università degli studi di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Garavelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari," Università degli studi di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Shaul Mukamel
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
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45
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De Sio A, Sommer E, Nguyen XT, Groß L, Popović D, Nebgen BT, Fernandez-Alberti S, Pittalis S, Rozzi CA, Molinari E, Mena-Osteritz E, Bäuerle P, Frauenheim T, Tretiak S, Lienau C. Intermolecular conical intersections in molecular aggregates. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 16:63-68. [PMID: 33199882 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-020-00791-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Conical intersections (CoIns) of multidimensional potential energy surfaces are ubiquitous in nature and control pathways and yields of many photo-initiated intramolecular processes. Such topologies can be potentially involved in the energy transport in aggregated molecules or polymers but are yet to be uncovered. Here, using ultrafast two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES), we reveal the existence of intermolecular CoIns in molecular aggregates relevant for photovoltaics. Ultrafast, sub-10-fs 2DES tracks the coherent motion of a vibrational wave packet on an optically bright state and its abrupt transition into a dark state via a CoIn after only 40 fs. Non-adiabatic dynamics simulations identify an intermolecular CoIn as the source of these unusual dynamics. Our results indicate that intermolecular CoIns may effectively steer energy pathways in functional nanostructures for optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta De Sio
- Institut für Physik and Center of Interface Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - Ephraim Sommer
- Institut für Physik and Center of Interface Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Xuan Trung Nguyen
- Institut für Physik and Center of Interface Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Lynn Groß
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Duško Popović
- Institut für Organische Chemie II und Neue Materialien, Universität Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Sebastian Fernandez-Alberti
- National University of Quilmes/CONICET, Department of Science and Technology, Bernal (B1876BXD), Buenos Aires Province, Argentina
| | | | | | - Elisa Molinari
- Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Modena, Italy
- Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Informatiche e Matematiche, Modena, Italy
| | - Elena Mena-Osteritz
- Institut für Organische Chemie II und Neue Materialien, Universität Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter Bäuerle
- Institut für Organische Chemie II und Neue Materialien, Universität Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Frauenheim
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Computational Science Research Center, Beijing and Computational Science and Applied Research Institute Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Christoph Lienau
- Institut für Physik and Center of Interface Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, Oldenburg, Germany
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46
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Nazarov AE, Ivanov AI. Nonstationary Theory of Excited State Charge Transfer Symmetry Breaking Driven by Polar Solvent. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:10787-10801. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c07612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey E. Nazarov
- Volgograd State University, University Avenue 100, Volgograd 400062, Russia
| | - Anatoly I. Ivanov
- Volgograd State University, University Avenue 100, Volgograd 400062, Russia
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47
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Acharyya N, Ovcharenko R, Fingerhut BP. On the role of non-diagonal system-environment interactions in bridge-mediated electron transfer. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:185101. [PMID: 33187441 DOI: 10.1063/5.0027976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bridge-mediated electron transfer (ET) between a donor and an acceptor is prototypical for the description of numerous most important ET scenarios. While multi-step ET and the interplay of sequential and direct superexchange transfer pathways in the donor-bridge-acceptor (D-B-A) model are increasingly understood, the influence of off-diagonal system-bath interactions on the transfer dynamics is less explored. Off-diagonal interactions account for the dependence of the ET coupling elements on nuclear coordinates (non-Condon effects) and are typically neglected. Here, we numerically investigate with quasi-adiabatic propagator path integral simulations the impact of off-diagonal system-environment interactions on the transfer dynamics for a wide range of scenarios in the D-B-A model. We demonstrate that off-diagonal system-environment interactions can have profound impact on the bridge-mediated ET dynamics. In the considered scenarios, the dynamics itself does not allow for a rigorous assignment of the underlying transfer mechanism. Furthermore, we demonstrate how off-diagonal system-environment interaction mediates anomalous localization by preventing long-time depopulation of the bridge B and how coherent transfer dynamics between donor D and acceptor A can be facilitated. The arising non-exponential short-time dynamics and coherent oscillations are interpreted within an equivalent Hamiltonian representation of a primary reaction coordinate model that reveals how the complex vibronic interplay of vibrational and electronic degrees of freedom underlying the non-Condon effects can impose donor-to-acceptor coherence transfer on short timescales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirmalendu Acharyya
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Roman Ovcharenko
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin P Fingerhut
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
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48
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Sun K, Xie W, Chen L, Domcke W, Gelin MF. Multi-faceted spectroscopic mapping of ultrafast nonadiabatic dynamics near conical intersections: A computational study. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:174111. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0024148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kewei Sun
- School of Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Weiwei Xie
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Lipeng Chen
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, 38 Nöethnitzer Str., Dresden, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Domcke
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Maxim F. Gelin
- School of Science, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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49
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50
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Westermayr J, Marquetand P. Machine learning and excited-state molecular dynamics. MACHINE LEARNING-SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1088/2632-2153/ab9c3e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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