1
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Mast M, Schubert H, Mayer HA, Wesemann L. Trianionic Carbocyclic NCN Pincer Ligand: Coordination Chemistry and Reactivity Studies. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:10860-10870. [PMID: 38804041 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.4c01602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
(BCHT-NCN)H3 (1) [1,6-bis(methylene(bis-2,6-diisopropylaniline)(benzo)cycloheptatriene)] was synthesized by nucleophilic substitution treating 1,6-bis(methylenebromide)(benzo)cycloheptatriene with 2 equiv of Li[2,6-iPr2C6H3NH], Li[Dipp-NH]. Triple deprotonation of (BCHT-NCN)H3 (1) using n-BuLi yields the deprotonation product [(BCHT-NCN)Li3] (2), which crystallizes as a dimer [{[BCHT-NCN]Li3(Et2O)2}2] (2)2. Coordination compounds of the trianionic pincer ligand were obtained with SnCl2, YCl3(THF)3.5, and HfCl4(THF)2: [(BCHT-NCN)SnLi] (3), [(BCHT-NCN)Y(THF)2] (4), [(BCHT-NCN)HfCl2][Li(THF)4] (5), respectively. A hafnium hydride complex [(BCHT-NCN)HfH(HBEt3)][K(Et2O)2] (6) was isolated after reaction of 5 with K[HBEt3]. A MeNHC substitution product [(BCHT-NCN)HfCl(MeNHC)] (7) was synthesized treating compound 5 with MeNHC at rt. Following an n-BuLi reaction of 7 gives an alkyl complex [(BCHT-NCN)Hf(n-Bu)(MeNHC)] (8). Thermolysis of 7 yields the isomerization product [(BCHT-NCN#)HfCl(MeNHC)] (9), which was transferred into a methyl complex [(BCHT-NCN#)HfMe(MeNHC)] (10) upon treatment with MeMgBr. Hydride abstraction from complex 9 leads to a cationic complex [(BCHT-NCN+)HfCl(MeNHC)][Al(OtBuF)4] (11).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Mast
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität, Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Hartmut Schubert
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität, Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Hermann A Mayer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität, Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Lars Wesemann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Eberhard Karls Universität, Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, Tübingen 72076, Germany
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2
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Hou C, Liu Z, Gan L, Fan W, Huang L, Chen P, Huang Z, Liu G. Palladium-Catalyzed Remote Hydrosulfonamidation of Alkenes: Access to Primary N-Alkyl Sulfamides by the SuFEx Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:13536-13545. [PMID: 38693624 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c03283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we establish a remote hydrosulfonamidation (HSA) of alkenes using palladium catalysis, where N-fluoro-N-(fluoro-sulfonyl)-carbamate with a sulfur(VI) fluoride moiety is demonstrated as a good amidation reagent. The anti-Markovnikov HSA reaction of terminal alkenes and the remote HSA of internal alkenes are achieved to efficiently yield primary N-alkyl-N-(fluorosulfonyl)-carbamates. In addition, this protocol enables the high-value utilization of alkane by combining the dehydrogenation process. The generated N-alkyl products exhibit a unique reactivity of sulfur(VI) fluorides, which can be directly transferred to N-alkyl sulfamides or amines via the sulfur(VI) fluoride exchange reaction, thereby streamlining their synthesis. Moreover, a (pyridyl) benzazole-type ligand proved to be vital for the excellent chemo- and regioselectivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanqi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Shanghai Hongkong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhenye Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Lan Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Shanghai Hongkong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenzheng Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Shanghai Hongkong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Shanghai Hongkong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Pinhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Shanghai Hongkong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Shanghai Hongkong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guosheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry and Shanghai Hongkong Joint Laboratory in Chemical Synthesis, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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3
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Cosio M, Lee SR, Lai Q, Bhuvanesh N, Zhou J, Ozerov OV. Dimeric Rh Complexes Supported by a Bridging Phosphido/Bis(Phosphine) PPP Ligand. Organometallics 2024; 43:947-953. [PMID: 38756991 PMCID: PMC11094786 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.3c00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Rh complexes of a tridentate PPP ligand bearing 1,2-pyrrolediyl linkers have been prepared, including examples with the central P donor being either a phosphine or a phosphide. Three bimetallic Rh complexes containing the diamandoid Rh2P2 core (P = phosphido) have been structurally and spectroscopically characterized. The Rh-Rh interaction in these three dimers was examined by way of structural comparisons and DFT investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario
N. Cosio
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Samuel R. Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Qingheng Lai
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Nattamai Bhuvanesh
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
| | - Jia Zhou
- State
Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of
Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Oleg V. Ozerov
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, United States
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4
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Ghosh M, Parvin N, Panwaria P, Tothadi S, Bakthavatsalam R, Therambram A, Khan S. Diverse structural reactivity patterns of a POCOP ligand with coinage metals. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:7763-7774. [PMID: 38619861 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03921h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
We have utilised the 4,6-di-tert-butyl resorcinol bis(diphenylphosphinite) (POCOP) ligand for exploring its coordination ability towards group 11 metal centres. The treatment of the bidentate ligand 1 with various coinage metal precursors afforded a wide range of structurally diverse complexes 2-12, depending upon the metal precursors used. This furnishes several multinuclear Cu(I) complexes with dimeric (2) and tetrameric cores (3, 4, and 5). The tetrameric stairstep complex 4 shows thermochromic behaviour, whereas the dimeric complex 2 and tetrameric complex 3 show luminescence properties at cryogenic temperatures. Interestingly, the halide substitution reaction of the dimeric complex 2 with KPPh2 produces a unique mixed phosphine-based tetrameric Cu(I) complex, 5. Treatment of the POCOP ligand with [CuBF4(CH3CN)4] in the presence of 2,2'-bipyridine afforded heteroleptic complex 6, consisting of tri- and tetra-coordinated cationic Cu(I) centres. Furthermore, we could also isolate cubane (8) and stairstep (9) complexes of Ag(I). The cationic Au(I) complex (12) was obtained from the dinuclear Au(I) complex of POCOP, 11. Complex 12 revealed the presence of a strong intramolecular aurophilic interaction with an Au⋯Au bond distance of 3.1143(9) Å. Subsequently, the photophysical properties of these complexes have been studied. All the complexes were characterised by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies, routine NMR techniques, and mass spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moushakhi Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India.
| | - Nasrina Parvin
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India.
| | - Prakash Panwaria
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India.
| | - Srinu Tothadi
- CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Gijub Badheka Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, India
| | - Rangarajan Bakthavatsalam
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Tirupati, Srinivasapuram-Jangalapalli Village, Tirupati 517619, India
| | - Arshad Therambram
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India.
| | - Shabana Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411008, India.
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5
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Leong DW, Shao Y, Ni Z, Bhuvanesh N, Ozerov OV. A bis(PCN) palladium pincer complex with a remarkably planar 2,5-diarylpyrazine core. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:6520-6523. [PMID: 38563468 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt04248k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
A bimetallic Pd complex of a bis(pincer) with a diarylpyrazine core has been prepared. The complex demonstrates near-perfect coplanarity of the aromatic core, is fluorescent under UV irradiation, and displays two quasi-reversible reduction events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek W Leong
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77842, USA.
| | - Yanwu Shao
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77842, USA.
| | - Zhen Ni
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77842, USA.
| | - Nattamai Bhuvanesh
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77842, USA.
| | - Oleg V Ozerov
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77842, USA.
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6
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Wan Y, Ramírez E, Ford A, Zhang HK, Norton JR, Li G. Cooperative Fe/Co-Catalyzed Remote Desaturation for the Synthesis of Unsaturated Amide Derivatives. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:4985-4992. [PMID: 38320266 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Unsaturated amides represent common functional groups found in natural products and bioactive molecules and serve as versatile synthetic building blocks. Here, we report an iron(II)/cobalt(II) dual catalytic system for the syntheses of distally unsaturated amide derivatives. The transformation proceeds through an iron nitrenoid-mediated 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer (1,5-HAT) mechanism. Subsequently, the radical intermediate undergoes hydrogen atom abstraction from vicinal methylene by a cobaloxime catalyst, efficiently yielding β,γ- or γ,δ-unsaturated amide derivatives under mild conditions. The efficiency of Co-mediated HAT can be tuned by varying different auxiliaries, highlighting the generality of this protocol. Remarkably, this desaturation protocol is also amenable to practical scalability, enabling the synthesis of unsaturated carbamates and ureas, which can be readily converted into various valuable molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Wan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Emmanuel Ramírez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Ayzia Ford
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
| | - Harriet K Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Jack R Norton
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, 3000 Broadway, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, 0300 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah 84322, United States
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7
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Donnelly LJ, Lin JB, Gelfand BS, Chang CY, Piers WE. Ruthenium polyhydrides supported by rigid PCP pincer ligands: dynamic behaviour and reactions with CO 2. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:1862-1869. [PMID: 38179611 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt04014c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Two rigid β-elimination immune PCcarbeneP pincer ligands, differing in their electron donor properties by variation of the substitution pattern on the aromatic linker arms, were complexed to ruthenium to form the dichlorides LRRuCl2 (R = H or NMe2). These compounds were converted to hydrido chlorides by treatment with dihydrogen (H2) and a base. By converting to tert-butoxide derivatives in situ under an atmosphere of H2, the poly hydride PCalkylP complexes LHRRu(H)3 compounds were generated. In these complexes, H2 has added across the RuC bond in the PCcarbeneP starting materials. The polyhydrides are dynamic in solution and extensive NMR studies helped to elucidate the speciation and fluxional processes operative in this dynamic system. The polyhydride complexes react rapidly with CO2 to give the PCcarbeneP formato hydride complexes LRRu(H)-κ2-O2CH. For R = H, the 1,2-hydride shift from the anchoring alkyl of the PCalkylP carbon to the metal is reversible, but for R = NMe2 it is irreversible. The CO2 incorporated into the formato ligand of these compounds exchanges with free CO2via a bimolecular mechanism that is more rapid for R = NMe2 than for R = H; plausible explanations for this observation are proffered. Experiments designed to evaluate the efficacy of the R = NMe2 formato hydride complex as a catalyst precursor for CO2 hydrogenation to formate salts reveal poor performance in comparison to state-of-the-art ruthenium-based catalysts. This is due primarily to the precipitation of a dimeric μ-κ2-κ1-CO3 carbonate complex that is not an active catalyst for the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie J Donnelly
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Jian-Bin Lin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Benjamin S Gelfand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Chia Yun Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Warren E Piers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
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8
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Zou L, Xiang S, Sun R, Lu Q. Selective C(sp 3)-H arylation/alkylation of alkanes enabled by paired electrocatalysis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7992. [PMID: 38042911 PMCID: PMC10693613 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43791-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a combination of electrocatalysis and photoredox catalysis to perform selective C(sp3)-H arylation/alkylation of alkanes, in which a binary catalytic system based on earth-abundant iron and nickel is applied. Reaction selectivity between two-component C(sp3)-H arylation and three-component C(sp3)-H alkylation is tuned by modulating the applied current and light source. Importantly, an ultra-low anodic potential (~0.23 V vs. Ag/AgCl) is applied in this protocol, thus enabling compatibility with a variety of functional groups (>70 examples). The robustness of the method is further demonstrated on a preparative scale and applied to late-stage diversification of natural products and pharmaceutical derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Zou
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Siqi Xiang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Rui Sun
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Qingquan Lu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies (IAS), Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P. R. China.
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9
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Wen C, Li T, Huang Z, Kang QK. Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Alkanes through Homogeneous Base Metal Catalysis. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300146. [PMID: 37283443 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Preparing valuable olefins from cheap and abundant alkane resources has long been a challenging task in organic synthesis, which mainly suffers from harsh reaction conditions and narrow scopes. Homogeneous transition metals catalyzed dehydrogenation of alkanes has attracted much attention for its excellent catalytic activities under relatively milder conditions. Among them, base metal catalyzed oxidative alkane dehydrogenation has emerged as a viable strategy for olefin synthesis for its usage of cheap catalysts, compatibility with various functional groups, and low reaction temperature. In this review, we discuss recent development of base metal catalyzed alkane dehydrogenation under oxidative conditions and their application in constructing complex molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Wen
- School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Ting Li
- School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Zheng Huang
- School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qi-Kai Kang
- School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou, 310024, China
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10
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Liu Y, Feng Y, Nie J, Xie S, Pen X, Hong H, Chen X, Chen L, Li Y. Aromatization of cyclic hydrocarbons via thioether elimination reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11232-11235. [PMID: 37655718 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03279e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the diversity-oriented aromatization of cyclic hydrocarbons via potassium ethyl xanthogenate (EtOCS2K)/NH4I-mediated methylthiyl radical addition and thioether elimination was investigated under transition-metal-free conditions. The methylthiyl radical species were generated in situ via the NH4I-mediated decomposition of DMSO following which EtOCS2K promoted the breaking of carbon-sulfur bonds of thioether.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province 529090, China.
| | - Yingqi Feng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province 529090, China.
| | - Jinli Nie
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province 529090, China.
| | - Sijie Xie
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province 529090, China.
| | - Xin Pen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province 529090, China.
| | - Huanliang Hong
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province 529090, China.
| | - Xiuwen Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province 529090, China.
| | - Lu Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province 529090, China.
| | - Yibiao Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province 529090, China.
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11
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Bhatti T, Kumar A, Parihar A, Moncy HK, Emge TJ, Waldie KM, Hasanayn F, Goldman AS. Metal-Ligand Proton Tautomerism, Electron Transfer, and C(sp 3)-H Activation by a 4-Pyridinyl-Pincer Iridium Hydride Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:18296-18306. [PMID: 37552857 PMCID: PMC10450815 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
The para-N-pyridyl-based PCP pincer proligand 3,5-bis(di-tert-butylphosphinomethyl)-2,6-dimethylpyridine (pN-tBuPCP-H) was synthesized and metalated to give the iridium complex (pN-tBuPCP)IrHCl (2-H). In marked contrast with its phenyl-based congeners, e.g., (tBuPCP)IrHCl and derivatives, 2-H is highly air-sensitive and reacts with oxidants such as ferrocenium, trityl cation, and benzoquinone. These oxidations ultimately lead to intramolecular activation of a phosphino-t-butyl C(sp3)-H bond and cyclometalation. Considering the greater electronegativity of N than C, 2-H is expected to be less easily oxidized than simple PCP derivatives; cyclic voltammetry and DFT calculations support this expectation. However, 2-H is calculated to undergo metal-ligand-proton tautomerism (MLPT) to give an N-protonated complex that can be described with resonance forms representing a zwitterionic complex (with a negative charge on Ir) and a p-N-pyridylidene (a remote N-heterocyclic carbene) Ir(I) complex. One-electron oxidation of this tautomer is calculated to be dramatically more favorable than direct oxidation of 2-H (ΔΔG° = -31.3 kcal/mol). The resulting Ir(II) oxidation product is easily deprotonated to give metalloradical 2• which is observed by NMR spectroscopy. 2• can be further oxidized to give cationic Ir(III) complex, 2+, which can oxidatively add a phosphino-t-butyl C-H bond and undergo deprotonation to give the observed cyclometalated product. DFT calculations indicate that less sterically hindered analogues of 2+ would preferentially undergo intermolecular addition of C(sp3)-H bonds, for example, of n-alkanes. The resulting iridium alkyl complexes could undergo facile β-H elimination to afford olefin, thereby completing a catalytic cycle for alkane dehydrogenation driven by one-electron oxidation and deprotonation, enabled by MLPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq
M. Bhatti
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Akshai Kumar
- Centre
for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of
Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Ashish Parihar
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Hellan K. Moncy
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Thomas J. Emge
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Kate M. Waldie
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Faraj Hasanayn
- Department
of Chemistry, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Alan S. Goldman
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
- Centre
for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of
Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
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12
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Esteruelas MA, Moreno-Blázquez S, Oliván M, Oñate E. Competition between N, C, N-Pincer and N, N-Chelate Ligands in Platinum(II). Inorg Chem 2023; 62:10152-10170. [PMID: 37343120 PMCID: PMC11003652 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Replacement of the chloride ligand of PtCl{κ3-N,C,N-[py-C6HR2-py]} (R = H (1), Me (2)) and PtCl{κ3-N,C,N-[py-O-C6H3-O-py]} (3) by hydroxido gives Pt(OH){κ3-N,C,N-[py-C6HR2-py]} (R = H (4), Me (5)) and Pt(OH){κ3-N,C,N-[py-O-C6H3-O-py]} (6). These compounds promote deprotonation of 3-(2-pyridyl)pyrazole, 3-(2-pyridyl)-5-methylpyrazole, 3-(2-pyridyl)-5-trifluoromethylpyrazole, and 2-(2-pyridyl)-3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)pyrrole. The coordination of the anions generates square-planar derivatives, which in solution exist as a unique species or equilibria between isomers. Reactions of 4 and 5 with 3-(2-pyridyl)pyrazole and 3-(2-pyridyl)-5-methylpyrazole provide Pt{κ3-N,C,N-[py-C6HR2-py]}{κ1-N1-[R'pz-py]} (R = H; R' = H (7), Me (8). R = Me; R' = H (9), Me (10)), displaying κ1-N1-pyridylpyrazolate coordination. A 5-trifluoromethyl substituent causes N1-to-N2 slide. Thus, 3-(2-pyridyl)-5-trifluoromethylpyrazole affords equilibria between Pt{κ3-N,C,N-[py-C6HR2-py]}{κ1-N1-[CF3pz-py]} (R = H (11a), Me (12a)) and Pt{κ3-N,C,N-[py-C6HR2-py]}{κ1-N2-[CF3pz-py]} (R = H (11b), Me (12b)). 1,3-Bis(2-pyridyloxy)phenyl allows the chelating coordination of the incoming anions. Deprotonations of 3-(2-pyridyl)pyrazole and its substituted 5-methyl counterpart promoted by 6 lead to equilibria between Pt{κ3-N,C,N-[pyO-C6H3-Opy]}{κ1-N1-[R'pz-py]} (R' = H (13a), Me (14a)) with a κ-N1-pyridylpyrazolate anion, keeping the pincer coordination of the di(pyridyloxy)aryl ligand, and Pt{κ2-N,C-[pyO-C6H3(Opy)]}{κ2-N,N-[R'pz-py]} (R' = H (13c), Me (14c)) with two chelates. Under the same conditions, 3-(2-pyridyl)-5-trifluoromethylpyrazole generates the three possible isomers: Pt{κ3-N,C,N-[pyO-C6H3-Opy]}{κ1-N1-[CF3pz-py]} (15a), Pt{κ3-N,C,N-[pyO-C6H3-Opy]}{κ1-N2-[CF3pz-py]} (15b), and Pt{κ2-N,C-[pyO-C6H3(Opy)]}{κ2-N,N-[CF3pz-py]} (15c). The N1-pyrazolate atom produces a remote stabilizing effect on the chelating form, pyridylpyrazolates being better chelate ligands than pyridylpyrrolates. Accordingly, reactions of 4-6 with 2-(2-pyridyl)-3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)pyrrole yield Pt{κ3-N,C,N-[py-C6HR2-py]}{κ1-N1-[(CF3)2C4(py)HN]} (R = H (16), Me (17)) or Pt{κ3-N,C,N-[pyO-C6H3-Opy]}{κ1-N1-[(CF3)2C4(py)HN]} (18), displaying κ1-N1-pyrrolate coordination. Complexes 7-10 are efficient green phosphorescent emitters (488-576 nm). In poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) films and in dichloromethane, they experience self-quenching, due to molecular stacking. Aggregation occurs through aromatic π-π interactions, reinforced by weak platinum-platinum interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Esteruelas
- Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis
Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química
Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza—CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sonia Moreno-Blázquez
- Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis
Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química
Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza—CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Montserrat Oliván
- Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis
Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química
Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza—CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Enrique Oñate
- Departamento de Química
Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis
Homogénea (ISQCH), Centro de Innovación en Química
Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Universidad de Zaragoza—CSIC, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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Heim P, Spedalotto G, Lovisari M, Gericke R, O'Brien J, Farquhar ER, McDonald AR. Synthesis and Characterization of a Masked Terminal Nickel-Oxide Complex. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203840. [PMID: 36696360 PMCID: PMC10101870 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In exploring terminal nickel-oxo complexes, postulated to be the active oxidant in natural and non-natural oxidation reactions, we report the synthesis of the pseudo-trigonal bipyramidal NiII complexes (K)[NiII (LPh )(DMF)] (1[DMF]) and (NMe4 )2 [NiII (LPh )(OAc)] (1[OAc]) (LPh =2,2',2''-nitrilo-tris-(N-phenylacetamide); DMF=N,N-dimethylformamide; - OAc=acetate). Both complexes were characterized using NMR, FTIR, ESI-MS, and X-ray crystallography, showing the LPh ligand to bind in a tetradentate fashion, together with an ancillary donor. The reaction of 1[OAc] with peroxyphenyl acetic acid (PPAA) resulted in the formation of [(LPh )NiIII -O-H⋅⋅⋅OAc]2- , 2, that displays many of the characteristics of a terminal Ni=O species. 2 was characterized by UV-Vis, EPR, and XAS spectroscopies and ESI-MS. 2 decayed to yield a NiII -phenolate complex 3 (through aromatic electrophilic substitution) that was characterized by NMR, FTIR, ESI-MS, and X-ray crystallography. 2 was capable of hydroxylation of hydrocarbons and epoxidation of olefins, as well as oxygen atom transfer oxidation of phosphines at exceptional rates. While the oxo-wall remains standing, this complex represents an excellent example of a masked metal-oxide that displays all of the properties expected of the ever elusive terminal M=O beyond the oxo-wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Heim
- School of Chemistry and CRANN/AMBER Nanoscience Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Giuseppe Spedalotto
- School of Chemistry and CRANN/AMBER Nanoscience Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Marta Lovisari
- School of Chemistry and CRANN/AMBER Nanoscience Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Robert Gericke
- School of Chemistry and CRANN/AMBER Nanoscience Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Current address: Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - John O'Brien
- School of Chemistry and CRANN/AMBER Nanoscience Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Erik R Farquhar
- Center for Synchrotron Biosciences, National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven, National Laboratory Case Western Reserve University, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Aidan R McDonald
- School of Chemistry and CRANN/AMBER Nanoscience Institute, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, College Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
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14
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Chu CH, Wang XR, Huang JS, Huang ZM, Li QH, Wang FH. Rare-earth metal complexes supported by indolyl-based NCN-pincer ligand and their efficient catalysis for isoprene polymerization. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
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15
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Liu L, Corma A. Bimetallic Sites for Catalysis: From Binuclear Metal Sites to Bimetallic Nanoclusters and Nanoparticles. Chem Rev 2023; 123:4855-4933. [PMID: 36971499 PMCID: PMC10141355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous bimetallic catalysts have broad applications in industrial processes, but achieving a fundamental understanding on the nature of the active sites in bimetallic catalysts at the atomic and molecular level is very challenging due to the structural complexity of the bimetallic catalysts. Comparing the structural features and the catalytic performances of different bimetallic entities will favor the formation of a unified understanding of the structure-reactivity relationships in heterogeneous bimetallic catalysts and thereby facilitate the upgrading of the current bimetallic catalysts. In this review, we will discuss the geometric and electronic structures of three representative types of bimetallic catalysts (bimetallic binuclear sites, bimetallic nanoclusters, and nanoparticles) and then summarize the synthesis methodologies and characterization techniques for different bimetallic entities, with emphasis on the recent progress made in the past decade. The catalytic applications of supported bimetallic binuclear sites, bimetallic nanoclusters, and nanoparticles for a series of important reactions are discussed. Finally, we will discuss the future research directions of catalysis based on supported bimetallic catalysts and, more generally, the prospective developments of heterogeneous catalysis in both fundamental research and practical applications.
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16
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Malakar S, Gordon BM, Mandal S, Emge TJ, Goldman AS. Ruthenium Complexes of a Triphosphorus-Coordinating Pincer Ligand: Ru-P Ligand-Substituent Exchange Reactions Driven by Large Variations of Bond Energies. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:4525-4532. [PMID: 36881741 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c04416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of [(p-cymene)RuCl2]2 with the triphosphine ligand bis(2-di-tert-butylphosphinophenyl)phosphine (tBuPHPP) results in an unusual exchange reaction in which a chloride ligand and a phosphorus-bound H atom are exchanged ("H-P/Ru-Cl exchange") to give the (chlorophosphine)ruthenium hydride complex (tBuPClPP)RuHCl [1Cl-HCl; tBuPClPP = bis(2-di-tert-butylphosphinophenyl)chlorophosphine]. Density functional theory calculations indicate that the presumed initial product of metalation, (tBuPHPP)RuCl2 (1H-Cl2), undergoes an H-P/Ru-Cl exchange via sequential P-to-Ru α-H migration to give the intermediate (tBuPPP)RuHCl2, followed by Ru-to-P α-Cl migration to give the observed product 1Cl-HCl (crystallographically characterized). Dehydrochlorination of 1Cl-HCl under a H2 atmosphere gives (tBuPClPP)RuH4 (1Cl-H4), which then can undergo a second dehydrochlorination and addition of H2 to give (tBuPHPP)RuH4 (1H-H4). This reaction may proceed via the reverse of the intramolecular exchange by 1H-Cl2, i.e., loss of H2 from 1Cl-H4 to give 1Cl-H2, which could undergo Cl-P/Ru-H exchange to give (tBuPHPP)RuHCl (1H-HCl). Accordingly, the thermodynamics of Cl-P/Ru-H exchange are found to be highly dependent on the nature of the ancillary anionic ligand (H or Cl), which is not directly involved in the exchange. The origin of this thermodynamic dependence can be explained in terms of the high stability of complexes (RPXPP)RuHCl (X = H, Cl; R = Me, tBu), in which the hydride is approximately trans to a vacant coordination site and the central phosphine group is approximately trans to the weak-trans-influence chloride ligand. This conclusion has general implications for five-coordinate d6 complexes, both pincer- and nonpincer-ligated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Malakar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Benjamin M Gordon
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Souvik Mandal
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Thomas J Emge
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Alan S Goldman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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17
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Arora V, Yasmin E, Tanwar N, Hathwar VR, Wagh T, Dhole S, Kumar A. Pincer–Ruthenium-Catalyzed Reforming of Methanol─Selective High-Yield Production of Formic Acid and Hydrogen. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Arora
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Eileen Yasmin
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Niharika Tanwar
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | | | - Tushar Wagh
- ChemDist Group of Companies, Plot No 144 A, Sector 7, PCNTDA Bhosari Pune, Pune, Maharashtra 411026, India
| | - Sunil Dhole
- ChemDist Group of Companies, Plot No 144 A, Sector 7, PCNTDA Bhosari Pune, Pune, Maharashtra 411026, India
| | - Akshai Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
- Jyoti and Bhupat Mehta School of Health Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
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18
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Poole EW, Bustos I, Hood TM, Smart JE, Chaplin AB. Iridium complexes of an ortho-trifluoromethylphenyl substituted PONOP pincer ligand. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:1096-1104. [PMID: 36602231 PMCID: PMC9872493 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03608h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and iridium coordination chemistry of a new pyridine-based phosphinito pincer ligand 2,6-(ArF2PO)2C5H3N (PONOP-ArF; ArF = 2-(CF3)C6H4) are described, where the P-donors have ortho-trifluoromethylphenyl substituents. The iridium(III) 2,2'-biphenyl (biph) derivative [Ir(PONOP-ArF)(biph)Cl] was obtained by reaction with [Ir(biph)(COD)Cl]2 (COD = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) and subsequent halide ion abstraction enabled isolation of [Ir(PONOP-ArF)(biph)]+ which features an Ir ← F-C bonding interaction in the solid state. Hydrogenolysis of the biphenyl ligand and formation of [Ir(PONOP-ArF)(H)2]+ was achieved by prolonged reaction of [Ir(PONOP-ArF)(biph)]+ with dihydrogen. This transformation paved the way for isolation and crystallographic characterisation of low valent iridium derivatives through treatment of the dihydride with tert-butylethylene (TBE). The iridium(I) π-complex [Ir(PONOP-ArF)(TBE)]+ is thermally stable but substitution of TBE can be achieved by reaction with carbon monoxide. The solid-state structure of the mono-carbonyl product [Ir(PONOP-ArF)(CO)]+ is notable for an intermolecular anagostic interaction between the metal centre and a pentane molecule which co-crystallises within a cleft defined by two aryl phosphine substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan W. Poole
- Department of Chemistry, University of WarwickGibbet Hill RoadCoventry CV4 7ALUK
| | - Itxaso Bustos
- Department of Chemistry, University of WarwickGibbet Hill RoadCoventry CV4 7ALUK,Facultad de Química de San Sebastián, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU)Apdo. 107220080 San SebastiánSpain
| | - Thomas M. Hood
- Department of Chemistry, University of WarwickGibbet Hill RoadCoventry CV4 7ALUK
| | - Jennifer E. Smart
- Department of Chemistry, University of WarwickGibbet Hill RoadCoventry CV4 7ALUK
| | - Adrian B. Chaplin
- Department of Chemistry, University of WarwickGibbet Hill RoadCoventry CV4 7ALUK
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19
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Zhang TS, Fei W, Li N, Zhang Y, Xu C, Luo Q, Li MB. Open Nitrogen Site-Induced Kinetic Resolution and Catalysis of a Gold Nanocluster. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:235-242. [PMID: 36574348 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The emerging metal nanocluster provides a platform for the investigation of structural features, unique properties, and structure-property correlation of nanomaterials at the atomic level. Construction of open sites on the surface of the metal nanocluster is a long-pursued but challenging goal. Herein, we realized the construction of "open organic sites" in a metal nanocluster for the first time. Specifically, we introduce the PNP (2,6-bis(diphenylphosphinomethyl)pyridine) pincer ligand in the synthesis of the gold nanocluster, enabling the construction of a structurally precise Au8(PNP)4 nanocluster. The rigidity and the unique bonding mode of PNP lead to open nitrogen sites on the surface of the Au8(PNP)4 nanocluster, which have been utilized as multifunctional sites in this work for efficient kinetic resolution and catalysis. The gold pincer nanocluster and the open nitrogen site-induced performance will be enlightening for the construction of multifunctional metal nanoclusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Song Zhang
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Wenwen Fei
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Na Li
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Chang Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Qiquan Luo
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
| | - Man-Bo Li
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, P. R. China
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20
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Zhu S, Xu W, Hong D, Wu W, Chai F, Zhu X, Zhou S, Wang S. Rare-Earth Metal Complexes Supported by 1,3-Functionalized Indolyl-Based Ligands for Efficient Hydrosilylation of Alkenes. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:381-391. [PMID: 36576868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Two different 1,3-functionalized indolyl-based proligands 1-(2-C4H7O)CH2-3-(2-tBuC6H5N═CH)C8H5N (HL1) and 1-Me2NCH2CH2-3-(2-iPrC6H5N═CH)C8H5N (HL2) were designed, prepared in high yields, and successfully applied to rare-earth metal chemistry showing different reactivities and different bondings with the central metals. The reactions of HL1 with RE(CH2SiMe3)3(THF)2 provided two types of rare-earth metal complexes: the pincer type mononuclear complexes κ3-(L1)RE(CH2SiMe3)2 [L1 = 1-(2-C4H7O)CH2-3-(2-tBuC6H5N═CH)C8H4N, RE = Lu(1), Yb(2)], and the dinuclear rare-earth metal alkyl (per alkyl/per metal) complexes having the ligand in novel coordination modes {(η1:(μ-η2:η1):η1-1-(2-C4H7O)CH2-3-[2-tBuC6H5NCH-(CH2SiMe3)]C8H4N)RECH2SiMe3}2 [RE = Er(3), Y(4), Dy(5), and Gd(6)]. Meanwhile, the reactions of HL2 with RE(CH2SiMe3)3(THF)2 led to the isolation and characterization of only the mononuclear rare-earth metal dialkyl complexes κ3-(L2)RE(CH2SiMe3)2 [L2 = 1-Me2NCH2CH2-3-(2-iPrC6H5N═CH)C8H4N, RE = Lu(7), Gd(8)] bearing the ligand in the pincer chelate form. The mononuclear complexes were formed through the sp2 C-H activation of the 2-indolyl moiety, while the dinuclear complexes were produced unexpectedly through the tandem 2-indolyl sp2 C-H activation and C═N insertion into the RE-CH2SiMe3 bond. These complexes were fully characterized by spectroscopic methods, elemental analyses, and single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The applications of the synthesized complexes as catalysts for the hydrosilylation of terminal alkenes with phenylsilane are described. Anti-Markovnikov addition products were produced by the hydrosilylation of aliphatic olefins, and Markovnikov addition products were isolated with aromatic olefins with high selectivity in the absence of cocatalysts. It is found that the dinuclear rare-earth alkyl complexes exhibited the best catalytic activity with the advantages of mild reaction conditions, short reaction time, low catalyst loading, and wide substrate applicability in comparison with the synthesized mononuclear complexes and the reported catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhu
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Culture Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Wenxiang Xu
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Culture Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Dongjing Hong
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Culture Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Weikang Wu
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Culture Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Fuxiang Chai
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Culture Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Xiancui Zhu
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Culture Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Shuangliu Zhou
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Culture Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Shaowu Wang
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials (State Key Laboratory Culture Base), College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China.,Anhui Laboratory of Clean Catalytic Engineering, Anhui Laboratory of Functional Coordinated Complexes for Materials Chemistry and Application, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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Ketcham HE, Bennett MT, Reid CW, Gunnoe TB. Advances in arene alkylation and alkenylation catalyzed by transition metal complexes based on ruthenium, nickel, palladium, platinum, rhodium and iridium. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
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22
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Deactivation origins and stability-enhancing strategies of Sn/SiO2 catalysts for ethane dehydrogenation. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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23
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Arroyave A, Cui S, Lopez JC, Kocen AL, LaPointe AM, Delferro M, Coates GW. Catalytic Chemical Recycling of Post-Consumer Polyethylene. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:23280-23285. [PMID: 36524740 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Among commercial plastics, polyolefins are the most widely produced worldwide but have limited recyclability. Here, we report a chemical recycling route for the conversion of post-consumer high-density polyethylene (HDPE) into telechelic macromonomers suitable for circular reprocessing. Unsaturation was introduced into HDPE by catalytic dehydrogenation using an Ir-POCOP catalyst without an alkene acceptor. Cross-metathesis with 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate followed by hydrogenation transformed the partially unsaturated HDPE into telechelic macromonomers. The direct repolymerization of the macromonomers gave a brittle material due to the low overall weight-average molecular weight. Aminolysis of telechelic macromonomers with a small amount of diethanolamine increased the overall functionality. The resulting macromonomers were repolymerized through transesterification to generate a polymer with comparable mechanical properties to the starting post-consumer HDPE waste. Depolymerization of the repolymerized material catalyzed by an organic base regenerated the telechelic macromonomers, thereby allowing waste polyethylene materials to enter a chemical recycling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Arroyave
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439-4801, United States
| | - Shilin Cui
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
| | - Jaqueline C Lopez
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
| | - Andrew L Kocen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
| | - Anne M LaPointe
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
| | - Massimiliano Delferro
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439-4801, United States.,Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637-1433, United States
| | - Geoffrey W Coates
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Baker Laboratory, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
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24
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Gerard T, Snyder G, Zeller M, Dickie DA, Lee WT. Synthesis and structural characterization of a series of Co(II) NNN pincer complexes. Polyhedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2022.116155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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25
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Xu C, Huang Z, Zhou MJ, Liu G. Acceptorless Dehydrogenation of Aliphatics, Amines, and Alcohols with Homogeneous Catalytic Systems. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1753053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe dehydrogenation of saturated substrates is fundamentally essential for producing value-added unsaturated organic molecules both in academia and industry. In recent years, homogeneously catalyzed acceptorless C–C, C–N, and C–O bond desaturations have attracted increasing attention due to high atom economy, environmentally benign nature, and wide availability of the starting materials. This short review discusses the acceptorless dehydrogenation of aliphatics, alcohols, and amines by homogeneous catalytic systems based on two categories of reaction mechanisms: thermal transition-metal-catalyzed two-electron pathway and photoredox catalyzed or electrochemically driven one-electron pathway.1 Introduction2 Catalytic Acceptorless Dehydrogenation of Aliphatics3 Catalytic Acceptorless Dehydrogenation of Amines4 Catalytic Acceptorless Dehydrogenation of Alcohols5 Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology
| | - Zheng Huang
- The State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Min-Jie Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology
| | - Guixia Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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26
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Wan H, Gong N, Liu L. Solid catalysts for the dehydrogenation of long-chain alkanes: lessons from the dehydrogenation of light alkanes and homogeneous molecular catalysis. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1415-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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Gordon BM, Parihar A, Hasanayn F, Goldman AS. High Activity and Selectivity for Catalytic Alkane–Alkene Transfer (De)hydrogenation by ( tBuPPP)Ir and the Importance of Choice of a Sacrificial Hydrogen Acceptor. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M. Gordon
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Ashish Parihar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Faraj Hasanayn
- Department of Chemistry, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Alan S. Goldman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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28
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Wang K, Gan L, Wu Y, Zhou MJ, Liu G, Huang Z. Selective dehydrogenation of small and large molecules by a chloroiridium catalyst. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo6586. [PMID: 36149964 PMCID: PMC9506726 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo6586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The dehydrogenation of abundant alkane feedstocks to olefins is one of the mostly intensively investigated reactions in organic catalysis. A long-standing, pervasive challenge in this transformation is the direct dehydrogenation of unactivated 1,1-disubstituted ethane, an aliphatic motif commonly found in organic molecules. Here, we report the design of a diphosphine chloroiridium catalyst for undirected dehydrogenation of this aliphatic class to form valuable 1,1-disubstituted ethylene. Featuring high site selectivity and excellent functional group compatibility, this catalytic system is applicable to late-stage dehydrogenation of complex bioactive molecules. Moreover, the system enables unprecedented dehydrogenation of polypropene with controllable degree of desaturation, dehydrogenating more than 10 in 100 propene units. Further derivatizations of the resulting double bonds afford functionalized polypropenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lan Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Yuheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Min-Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Guixia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310024, China
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29
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(NHC)Pd(II) hydride-catalyzed dehydroaromatization by olefin chain-walking isomerization and transfer-dehydrogenation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5507. [PMID: 36127352 PMCID: PMC9489721 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33163-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Transition-metal-catalyzed homogeneous dehydrogenation and isomerization are common organic molecular activation reactions. Palladium hydrides are good olefin isomerization catalysts but are usually short-lived species under redox-active dehydrogenation conditions. Here, we show that Pd-H in the presence of an N-heterocyclic carbene ligand and an alkene regulator enables transfer-dehydroaromatization, avoiding the homo-disproportionation pathway. The desired product is obtained with up to 99:1 selectivity, and the exo-to-endo olefin isomerization can be carried out in one pot. In contrast to previously reported methods that rely on the efficient removal of Pd-H, the approach reported herein benefits from the steric effects of the N-heterocyclic carbene and the choice of alkene to regulate the competing reactivity of allylic C‒H activation and hydropalladation. This method circumvents the challenges associated with tedious olefin separation and a low exo-to-endo olefin isomerization ratio and expands the scope to include challenging endo- and exo-cyclic olefins under mild, neutral, and oxidant-free conditions. Overall, herein, we provide a strategy to synthesize (hetero)aromatic compounds via chemoselective dehydrogenation of cyclic alkenes over ketones and the dehydrogenative Diels-Alder reaction of a cyclic enamine. Aromatic compounds can be prepared via dehydrogenation of cyclic compounds. Here the authors report the dehydroaromatization of endocyclic and exocyclic olefins via chain-walking isomerization and transfer-dehydrogenation catalyzed by palladium N-heterocyclic carbene complexes in the presence of alkenes as sacrificial reagents.
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Kar S, Milstein D. Oxidation of Organic Compounds Using Water as the Oxidant with H 2 Liberation Catalyzed by Molecular Metal Complexes. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:2304-2315. [PMID: 35881940 PMCID: PMC9386904 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Oxidation reactions of organic compounds play a central role in both industrial chemical and material synthesis as well as in fine chemical and pharmaceutical synthesis. While traditional laboratory-scale oxidative syntheses have relied on the use of strong oxidizers, modern large-scale oxidation processes preferentially utilize air or pure O2 as an oxidant, with other oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, and aqueous chlorine solution also being used in some processes. The use of molecular oxygen or air as an oxidant has been very attractive in recent decades because of the abundance of air and the lack of wasteful byproduct generation. Nevertheless, the use of high-pressure air or, in particular, pure oxygen can lead to serious safety concerns with improper handling and also necessitates the use of sophisticated high-pressure reactors for the processes.Several research groups, including ours, have investigated in recent times the possibility of carrying out catalytic oxidation reactions using water as the formal oxidant, with no added conventional oxidants. Along with the abundant availability of water, these processes also generate dihydrogen gas as the reaction coproduct, which is a highly valuable fuel. Several well-defined molecular metal complexes have been reported in recent years to catalyze these unusual oxidative reactions with water. A ruthenium bipyridine-based PNN pincer complex was reported by us to catalyze the oxidation of primary alcohols to carboxylate salts with alkaline water along with H2 liberation, followed by reports by other groups using other complexes as catalysts. At the same time, ruthenium-, iridium-, and rhodium-based complexes have been reported to catalyze aldehyde oxidation to carboxylic acids using water. Our group has combined the catalytic aqueous alcohol and aldehyde oxidation activity of a ruthenium complex to achieve the oxidation of biomass-derived renewable aldehydes such as furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to furoic acid and furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), respectively, using alkaline water as the oxidant, liberating H2. Ruthenium complexes with an acridine-based PNP ligand have also been employed by our group for the catalytic oxidation of amines to the corresponding lactams, or to carboxylic acids via a deaminative route, using water. Similarly, we also reported molecular complexes for the catalytic Markovnikov oxidation of alkenes to ketones using water, similar to Wacker-type oxidation, which, however, does not require any terminal oxidant and produces H2 as the coproduct. At the same time, the oxidation of enol ethers to the corresponding esters with water has also been reported. This account will highlight these recent advances where water was used as an oxidant to carry out selective oxidation reactions of organic compounds, catalyzed by well-defined molecular complexes, with H2 liberation. The oxidation of alcohols, aldehydes, amines, alkenes, and enol ethers will be discussed to provide an outlook toward other functional groups' oxidation. We hope that this will aid researchers in devising other oxidative dehydrogenative catalytic systems using water, complementing traditional oxidative processes involving strong oxidants and molecular oxygen.
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31
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Patil RD, Dutta M, Pratihar S. Hydrogenation Involving Two Different Proton- and Hydride-Transferring Reagents through Metal–Ligand Cooperation: Mechanism and Scope. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Daga Patil
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Inorganic Materials and Catalysis Division, CSIR─Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India
| | - Manali Dutta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784028, Assam, India
| | - Sanjay Pratihar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- Inorganic Materials and Catalysis Division, CSIR─Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, G.B. Marg, Bhavnagar 364002, Gujarat, India
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32
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Ritu, Das S, Tian YM, Karl T, Jain N, König B. Photocatalyzed Dehydrogenation of Aliphatic N-Heterocycles Releasing Dihydrogen. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ritu
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg 93040, Germany
| | - Saikat Das
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg 93040, Germany
| | - Ya-Ming Tian
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg 93040, Germany
| | - Tobias Karl
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg 93040, Germany
| | - Nidhi Jain
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Burkhard König
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Universität Regensburg, Regensburg 93040, Germany
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33
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Nandi PG, Thombare P, Prathapa SJ, Kumar A. Pincer-Cobalt-Catalyzed Guerbet-Type β-Alkylation of Alcohols in Air under Microwave Conditions. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pran Gobinda Nandi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Prasad Thombare
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | | | - Akshai Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
- Jyoti and Bhupat Mehta School of Health Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
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34
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Wang Y, Huang Z, Liu G, Huang Z. A New Paradigm in Pincer Iridium Chemistry: PCN Complexes for (De)Hydrogenation Catalysis and Beyond. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:2148-2161. [PMID: 35852837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.2c00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The discovery and development of organometallic catalysts is of paramount importance in modern organic synthesis, among which the ligand scaffolds play a crucial role in controlling the activity and selectivity. Over the past several decades, d8 transition-metal complexes of pincer ligands have been developed extensively thanks to their easy structural modification, versatile reactivities, and high stability. One paradigm is the bis(phosphine)-based pincer iridium complexes PCP-Ir, which are highly active for alkane dehydrogenation, partly due to their high thermostability. However, except for alkane dehydrogenation and related transformations, few applications of pincer iridium catalysis have been seen in organic synthesis. This mainly arises from the low functional-group compatibility and poor substrate scope and the limited catalytic chemistry that invariably involves Ir(I/III) redox processes initiated by oxidative addition of substrates to 14-electron (PCP)Ir fragments (the proposed catalytically active intermediates). In this Account, we describe our endeavor on the development of a new family of PCN-Ir complexes with initial intention on creating more efficient alkane dehydrogenation catalysts. The replacement of a soft, σ-donor phosphine arm in the PCP ligands by a harder, π-acceptor N-heteroarene (pyridine or oxazoline) not only provides an additional platform to modify the structural properties but also offers new modes of bond activation and novel reactivities and catalysis. One uniqueness of the PCN-Ir system lies in the formation, via ortho-C(sp2)-H cyclometalation of the pyridine unit in the PCNPy ligand, of the neutral monohydride (PCC)IrIIIHL (L = neutral ligand), which catalyzes positional and stereoselective 1-alkene-to-(E)-2-alkene isomerization. Moreover, the PCN-Ir catalysts effect ethanol dehydrogenation without decarbonylation, allowing for transfer hydrogenation of unactivated alkenes and trans-selective semihydrogenation of internal alkynes with user-friendly ethanol as the H-donor. Another feature originates from the ability of the pentacoordinate hydrido chloride complex (PCN)IrIIIHCl to undergo reversible solvent-coordination-induced-ionization (SCII), furnishing a cationic monohydride [(PCN)IrIIIH(Sol)]+Cl- bearing an uncoordinated Cl anion that effects selective hydrometalation of internal alkynes over the corresponding (Z)-alkenes; the resulting (PCN)IrIII(vinyl)Cl complex undergoes amine-assisted formal alcoholysis involving the protonation of the Cl anion by the activated IrIII-bound EtOH, again via the SCII pathway. Together these elementary reactions lay the foundation for cis-selective semihydrogenation of alkynes with EtOH. Further, the design of the oxazoline-containing chiral complexes (PCNOxa)IrIIIHCl enables asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of alkenes/ketones with ethanol. The efficient catalytic α-alkylation of unactivated esters/amides with alcohols is another case showing the benefit that the PCN-Ir catalyst can offer. These examples illustrate the profound impact of the pincer ligands on the reactivities and catalysis. We hope this Account will provide an in-depth view into the fundamentals of pincer iridium chemistry and ultimately broaden its applications in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Zhidao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Guixia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Zheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai200032, China.,School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub-lane Xiangshan, Hangzhou310024, China
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35
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Zhang J, Huang W, Han K, Song G, Hu S. Scandium, titanium and vanadium complexes supported by PCP-type pincer ligands: synthesis, structure, and styrene polymerization activity. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:12250-12257. [PMID: 35895309 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01389d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of first-row early transition metal dialkyl complexes bearing pincer ligands [(POCOP)M(CH2SiMe3)2] (POCOP: (2,6-(tBu2PO)2-C6H3); 1-Sc: M = Sc; 1-Ti: M = Ti; 1-V: M = V) and [(PCP)M(CH2SiMe3)2] (PCP: (2,6-(tBu2PCH2)2-C6H3); 2-Sc: M = Sc; 2-Ti: M = Ti) have been synthesized. These dialkyl complexes were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, NMR spectroscopy, and solution magnetic susceptibility (Evans method) analyses appropriately. All the complexes exhibited square pyramidal geometries with different extents of distortion. The activities of these complexes were further explored in styrene polymerization, in which combinations of scandium complexes (1-Sc or 2-Sc) with [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4] were found to be active catalytic systems for highly syndiospecific (>99% rrrr) polymerization of styrene. Meanwhile, the Ti(III) complexes 1-Ti and 2-Ti showed rather low activity in styrene polymerization, which stands in sharp contrast to those in previous reports involving Ti(III) catalysts bearing cyclopentadienyl derivative ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenshuang Huang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xin-wai street, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kailing Han
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xin-wai street, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guoyong Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shaowei Hu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xin-wai street, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China.
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36
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Royle CG, Sotorrios L, Gyton MR, Brodie CN, Burnage AL, Furfari SK, Marini A, Warren MR, Macgregor SA, Weller AS. Single-Crystal to Single-Crystal Addition of H 2 to [Ir( iPr-PONOP)(propene)][BAr F4] and Comparison Between Solid-State and Solution Reactivity. Organometallics 2022; 41:3270-3280. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cameron G. Royle
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington YO10 5DD, York, U.K
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Lia Sotorrios
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Matthew R. Gyton
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington YO10 5DD, York, U.K
| | - Claire N. Brodie
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington YO10 5DD, York, U.K
| | - Arron L. Burnage
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | | | - Anna Marini
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Didcot OX11 0DE, U.K
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | | | - Stuart A. Macgregor
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Andrew S. Weller
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington YO10 5DD, York, U.K
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König M, Traxler M, Rudolph MA, Schmidt J, Küçükkeçeci H, Schomäcker R, Thomas A. Anchoring an Iridium Pincer Complex in a Hydrophobic Microporous Polymer for Application in Continuous‐Flow Alkane Dehydrogenation. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202200811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michaela König
- Technische Universität Berlin: Technische Universitat Berlin Chemistry GERMANY
| | | | | | - Johannes Schmidt
- Technische Universität Berlin: Technische Universitat Berlin Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Hüseyin Küçükkeçeci
- Technische Universität Berlin: Technische Universitat Berlin Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Reinhard Schomäcker
- Technische Universität Berlin: Technische Universitat Berlin Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Arne Thomas
- Technische Universität Berlin: Technische Universitat Berlin Department of Chemistry / Functional Materials Hardenbergstr. 40 10623 Berlin GERMANY
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38
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Babón JC, Esteruelas MA, Oñate E, Paz S, Vélez A. Silyl-Osmium(IV)-Trihydride Complexes Stabilized by a Pincer Ether-Diphosphine: Formation and Reactions with Alkynes. Organometallics 2022; 41:2022-2034. [PMID: 36866234 PMCID: PMC9969874 DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Complex OsH4{κ3-P,O,P-[xant(PiPr2)2]} (1) activates the Si-H bond of triethylsilane, triphenylsilane, and 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-heptamethyltrisiloxane to give the silyl-osmium(IV)-trihydride derivatives OsH3(SiR3){κ3-P,O,P-[xant(PiPr2)2]} [SiR3 = SiEt3 (2), SiPh3 (3), SiMe(OSiMe3)2 (4)] and H2. The activation takes place via an unsaturated tetrahydride intermediate, resulting from the dissociation of the oxygen atom of the pincer ligand 9,9-dimethyl-4,5-bis(diisopropylphosphino)xanthene (xant(PiPr2)2). This intermediate, which has been trapped to form OsH4{κ2-P,P-[xant(PiPr2)2]}(PiPr3) (5), coordinates the Si-H bond of the silanes to subsequently undergo a homolytic cleavage. Kinetics of the reaction along with the observed primary isotope effect demonstrates that the Si-H rupture is the rate-determining step of the activation. Complex 2 reacts with 1,1-diphenyl-2-propyn-1-ol and 1-phenyl-1-propyne. The reaction with the former affords Os{C≡CC(OH)Ph2}2{=C=CHC(OH)Ph2}{κ3-P,O,P-[xant(PiPr2)2]} (6), which catalyzes the conversion of the propargylic alcohol into (E)-2-(5,5-diphenylfuran-2(5H)-ylidene)-1,1-diphenylethan-1-ol, via (Z)-enynediol. In methanol, the hydroxyvinylidene ligand of 6 dehydrates to allenylidene, generating Os{C≡CC(OH)Ph2}2{=C=C=CPh2}{κ3-P,O,P-[xant(PiPr2)2]} (7). The reaction of 2 with 1-phenyl-1-propyne leads to OsH{κ1-C,η2-[C6H4CH2CH=CH2]}{κ3-P,O,P-[xant(PiPr2)2]} (8) and PhCH2CH=CH(SiEt3).
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Wang C, Azofra LM, Dam P, Sebek M, Steinfeldt N, Rabeah J, El-Sepelgy O. Catalytic Desaturation of Aliphatic Amides and Imides Enabled by Excited-State Base-Metal Catalysis. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Wang
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis e.V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Luis Miguel Azofra
- Instituto de Estudios Ambientales y Recursos Naturales (i-UNAT), Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Campus de Tafira, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Phong Dam
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis e.V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Michael Sebek
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis e.V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Norbert Steinfeldt
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis e.V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Jabor Rabeah
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis e.V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Osama El-Sepelgy
- Leibniz Institute for Catalysis e.V., Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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40
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Su Y, Yu F, Liu G, Huang Z. Dehydrogenation Based Asymmetric Epoxidation of Arylalkanes to Chiral Epoxides. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Su
- Chang‐Kung Chuang Institute East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Feng Yu
- Chang‐Kung Chuang Institute East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
| | - Guixia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Zheng Huang
- Chang‐Kung Chuang Institute East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road Shanghai 200032 China
- School of Chemistry and Material Sciences, , Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Sub‐lane Xiangshan Hangzhou 310024 China
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41
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Kawazu R, Torigoe T, Kuninobu Y. Iridium-Catalyzed C(sp 3 )-H Borylation Using Silyl-Bipyridine Pincer Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202202327. [PMID: 35262270 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202202327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
New ligands for the iridium-catalyzed C(sp3 )-H borylation of aliphatic compounds were established. In sharp contrast to 6-methyl-2,2'-bipyridine and 6-isobutyl-2,2'-bipyridine, 2,2'-bipyridine and 1,10-phenanthroline derivatives bearing a hydrosilylmethyl group (which would give a thermally stable NNSi pincer complex) served as suitable ligands for the reaction. Among them, a phenanthroline-based NNSi pincer ligand was shown to be an excellent ligand, and various aliphatic compounds were efficiently converted to the corresponding borylated products using the Ir/NNSi pincer catalyst system. The NNSi pincer ligand showed unique selectivity and enabled the iridium-catalyzed C(sp3 )-H borylation using pinacolborane [H-B(pin)] instead of B2 (pin)2 . The formation of an iridium complex bearing a quinoline-based NNSi pincer ligand from [IrCl(cod)]2 was observed, and the catalytic activity of the complex was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Kawazu
- Department of Molecular and Material Sciences, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasugakoen, Kasuga-shi, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Takeru Torigoe
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasugakoen, Kasuga-shi, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan.,Department of Interdisciplinary Engineering Sciences, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasugakoen, Kasuga-shi, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kuninobu
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasugakoen, Kasuga-shi, Fukuoka, 816-8580, Japan.,Department of Interdisciplinary Engineering Sciences, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasugakoen, Kasuga-shi, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
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42
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Spielvogel KD, Durgaprasad G, Daly SR. Configurational Flexibility of a Triaryl-Supported SBS Ligand with Rh and Ir: Structural Investigations and Olefin Isomerization Catalysis. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle D. Spielvogel
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Iowa, E331 Chemistry Building, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1294, United States
| | - Gummadi Durgaprasad
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Iowa, E331 Chemistry Building, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1294, United States
- Department of Chemistry, RGUKT-AP, IIIT-Ongole, Andhra Pradesh 523225, India
| | - Scott R. Daly
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Iowa, E331 Chemistry Building, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1294, United States
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43
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Investigation of NNN Pincer Ruthenium(II) Complexes with a Pendant Hydroxyl Group for N‐Monomethylation of amines and Nitroarenes by Methanol. ChemCatChem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202101630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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44
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Kawazu R, Torigoe T, Kuninobu Y. Iridium‐Catalyzed C(sp
3
)−H Borylation Using Silyl‐Bipyridine Pincer Ligands. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202202327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Kawazu
- Department of Molecular and Material Sciences Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences Kyushu University 6-1 Kasugakoen Kasuga-shi Fukuoka 816-8580 Japan
| | - Takeru Torigoe
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering Kyushu University 6-1 Kasugakoen, Kasuga-shi Fukuoka 816-8580 Japan
- Department of Interdisciplinary Engineering Sciences Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences Kyushu University 6-1 Kasugakoen Kasuga-shi Fukuoka 816-8580 Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kuninobu
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering Kyushu University 6-1 Kasugakoen, Kasuga-shi Fukuoka 816-8580 Japan
- Department of Interdisciplinary Engineering Sciences Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences Kyushu University 6-1 Kasugakoen Kasuga-shi Fukuoka 816-8580 Japan
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45
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Polukeev AV, Abdelaziz OY, Wendt OF. Combined Experimental and Computational Study of the Mechanism of Acceptorless Alcohol Dehydrogenation by POCOP Iridium Pincer Complexes. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V. Polukeev
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Omar Y. Abdelaziz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ola F. Wendt
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
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46
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Keerthana MS, Jeganmohan M. Palladium-Catalyzed Aerobic α,β-Dehydrogenation of Aliphatic Amides. J Org Chem 2022; 87:4873-4882. [PMID: 35319889 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A Pd(II)-catalyzed α,β-dehydrogenation of substituted aliphatic amides assisted by a reusable bis-chelating 8-aminoquinoline ligand is demonstrated. Broad spectra of β-substituted including olefin-substituted aliphatic amides are well tolerated. The present protocol efficiently dehydrogenates the less acidic aliphatic amides via the chelation-assisted β-C-H bond activation and replaces the traditional enolate-based strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masilamani Jeganmohan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
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47
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Kishino M, Takaoka S, Shibutani Y, Kusumoto S, Nozaki K. Synthesis and reactivity of PC(sp 3)P-pincer iridium complexes bearing a diborylmethyl anion. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:5009-5015. [PMID: 35296874 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00513a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel PCP-pincer iridium complexes bearing a diborylmethyl anion were synthesized. Strong σ-electron-donation to the metal and significant π-backdonation from the metal to boron atoms at the β-position were observed both experimentally and computationally. H/D exchange of the aromatic C-H bond proceeded smoothly and, in addition, the α-methine-hydrogen between boron atoms was found to be replaced with deuterium in benzene-d6 solution possibly through diborylcarbene metal complexes as intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamichi Kishino
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Satoko Takaoka
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Yuki Shibutani
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Shuhei Kusumoto
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Kyoko Nozaki
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
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48
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Gordon BM, Lease N, Emge TJ, Hasanayn F, Goldman AS. Reactivity of Iridium Complexes of a Triphosphorus-Pincer Ligand Based on a Secondary Phosphine. Catalytic Alkane Dehydrogenation and the Origin of Extremely High Activity. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:4133-4146. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c13309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M. Gordon
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Nicholas Lease
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Thomas J. Emge
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Faraj Hasanayn
- Department of Chemistry, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Alan S. Goldman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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49
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Wang G, Jiang Y, Zhang S, Zhu X, Shan H. Insight into the Active Co Phase of Co/Al2O3 Catalyst for Ethane Dehydrogenation. Catal Letters 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-021-03883-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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50
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Narjinari H, Tanwar N, Kathuria L, Jasra RV, Kumar A. Guerbet-type β-alkylation of secondary alcohols catalyzed by chromium chloride and its corresponding NNN pincer complex. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy00759b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
β-Alkylation of alcohols has been efficiently accomplished using readily available 3d metal Cr under microwave conditions in air. Well-defined molecular Cr is involved with a KIE of 7.33 and insertion of α-alkylated ketone into Cr–H bond as the RDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himani Narjinari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati – 781039, Assam, India
| | - Niharika Tanwar
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati – 781039, Assam, India
| | - Lakshay Kathuria
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati – 781039, Assam, India
| | - Raksh Vir Jasra
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati – 781039, Assam, India
- Reliance Industries limited, R&D Centre, Vadodara Manufacturing Division, Vadodara, 391 346, Gujarat, India
| | - Akshai Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati – 781039, Assam, India
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati – 781039, Assam, India
- Jyoti and Bhupat School of Health Sciences and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
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