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Hemant, Rahman A, Sharma P, Shanavas A, Neelakandan PP. BODIPY directed one-dimensional self-assembly of gold nanorods. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:12127-12133. [PMID: 38832457 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr02161d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The assembly of anisotropic nanomaterials into ordered structures is challenging. Nevertheless, such self-assembled systems are known to have novel physicochemical properties and the presence of a chromophore within the nanoparticle ensemble can enhance the optical properties through plasmon-molecule electronic coupling. Here, we report the end-to-end assembly of gold nanorods into micrometer-long chains using a linear diamino BODIPY derivative. The preferential binding affinity of the amino group and the steric bulkiness of BODIPY directed the longitudinal assembly of gold nanorods. As a result of the linear assembly, the BODIPY chromophores positioned themselves in the plasmonic hotspots, which resulted in efficient plasmon-molecule coupling, thereby imparting photothermal properties to the assembled nanorods. This work thus demonstrates a new approach for the linear assembly of gold nanorods resulting in a plasmon-molecule coupled system, and the synergy between self-assembly and electronic coupling resulted in an efficient system having potential biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali 140306, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Atikur Rahman
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali 140306, India.
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali 140306, India.
| | - Asifkhan Shanavas
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali 140306, India.
| | - Prakash P Neelakandan
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali 140306, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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2
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Wiwatowski K, Sulowska K, Mackowski S. Single-Molecule Fluorescence Probes Interactions between Photoactive Protein-Silver Nanowire Conjugate and Monolayer Graphene. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4873. [PMID: 38732092 PMCID: PMC11084953 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In this work, we apply single-molecule fluorescence microscopy and spectroscopy to probe plasmon-enhanced fluorescence and Förster resonance energy transfer in a nanoscale assemblies. The structure where the interplay between these two processes was present consists of photoactive proteins conjugated with silver nanowires and deposited on a monolayer graphene. By comparing the results of continuous-wave and time-resolved fluorescence microscopy acquired for this structure with those obtained for the reference samples, where proteins were coupled with either a graphene monolayer or silver nanowires, we find clear indications of the interplay between plasmonic enhancement and the energy transfer to graphene. Namely, fluorescence intensities calculated for the structure, where proteins were coupled to graphene only, are less than for the structure playing the central role in this study, containing both silver nanowires and graphene. Conversely, decay times extracted for the latter are shorter compared to a protein-silver nanowire conjugate, pointing towards emergence of the energy transfer. Overall, the results show that monitoring the optical properties of single emitters in a precisely designed hybrid nanostructure provides an elegant way to probe even complex combination of interactions at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Wiwatowski
- Nanophotonics Group, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (K.W.); (K.S.)
| | - Karolina Sulowska
- Nanophotonics Group, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (K.W.); (K.S.)
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Sebastian Mackowski
- Nanophotonics Group, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Grudziadzka 5, 87-100 Torun, Poland; (K.W.); (K.S.)
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3
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Ma MQ, Wu YK, Liu ZW, Zang HX, Shan LK, Jiang W, Liu Y, Ren XF, Chen XD, Guo GC, Sun FW. Integrated Manipulation and Addressing of Spin Defect in Diamond. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:1660-1666. [PMID: 38266180 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Scalable and addressable integrated manipulation of qubits is crucial for practical quantum information applications. Different waveguides have been used to transport the optical and electrical driving pulses, which are usually required for qubit manipulation. However, the separated multifields may limit the compactness and efficiency of manipulation and introduce unwanted perturbation. Here, we develop a tapered fiber-nanowire-electrode hybrid structure to realize integrated optical and microwave manipulation of solid-state spins at nanoscale. Visible light and microwave driving pulses are simultaneously transported and concentrated along an Ag nanowire. Studied with spin defects in diamond, the results show that the different driving fields are aligned with high accuracy. The spatially selective spin manipulation is realized. And the frequency-scanning optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) of spin qubits is measured, illustrating the potential for portable quantum sensing. Our work provides a new scheme for developing compact, miniaturized quantum sensors and quantum information processing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Qi Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, School of Physical Sciences,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Kun Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, School of Physical Sciences,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Wei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, School of Physical Sciences,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Han-Xiang Zang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, School of Physical Sciences,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Long-Kun Shan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, School of Physical Sciences,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, School of Physical Sciences,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, School of Physical Sciences,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi-Feng Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, School of Physical Sciences,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Dong Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, School of Physical Sciences,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Can Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, School of Physical Sciences,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang-Wen Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, School of Physical Sciences,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230088, People's Republic of China
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4
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Tang J, Guo Q, Wu Y, Ge J, Zhang S, Xu H. Light-Emitting Plasmonic Tunneling Junctions: Current Status and Perspectives. ACS NANO 2024; 18:2541-2551. [PMID: 38227821 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c08628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Quantum tunneling, in which electrons can tunnel through a finite potential barrier while simultaneously interacting with other matter excitation, is one of the most fascinating phenomena without classical correspondence. In an extremely thin metallic nanogap, the deep-subwavelength-confined plasmon modes can be directly excited by the inelastically tunneling electrons driven by an externally applied voltage. Light emission via inelastic tunneling possesses a great potential application for next-generation light sources, with great superiority of ultracompact integration, large bandwidth, and ultrafast response. In this Perspective, we first briefly introduce the mechanism of plasmon generation in the inelastic electron tunneling process. Then the state of the art in plasmonic tunneling junctions will be reviewed, particularly emphasizing efficiency improvement, precise construction, active control, and electrically driven optical antenna integration. Ultimately, we forecast some promising and critical prospects that require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibo Tang
- School of Physics and Technology and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Quanbing Guo
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan 430206, China
| | - Yu Wu
- School of Physics and Technology and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Junhao Ge
- School of Physics and Technology and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shunping Zhang
- School of Physics and Technology and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan 430206, China
| | - Hongxing Xu
- School of Physics and Technology and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan 430206, China
- School of Microelectronics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, Henan 450046 China
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5
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Gupta R, Barman K, Lee LY, Chauhan A, Huang JJ. Surface acoustic wave actuated plasmonic signal amplification in a plasmonic waveguide. DISCOVER NANO 2024; 19:10. [PMID: 38196029 PMCID: PMC10776520 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-023-03951-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Enhancement of nanoscale confinement in the subwavelength waveguide is a concern for advancing future photonic interconnects. Rigorous innovation of plasmonic waveguide-based structure is crucial in designing a reliable on-chip optical waveguide beyond the diffraction limit. Despite several structural modifications and architectural improvements, the plasmonic waveguide technology is far from reaching its maximum potential for mass-scale applications due to persistence issues such as insufficient confined energy and short propagation length. This work proposes a new method to amplify the propagating plasmons through an external on-chip surface acoustic signal. The gold-silicon dioxide (Au-SiO2) interface, over Lithium Niobate (LN) substrate, is used to excite propagating surface plasmons. The voltage-varying surface acoustic wave (SAW) can tune the plasmonic confinement to a desired signal energy level, enhancing and modulating the plasmonic intensity. From our experimental results, we can increase the plasmonic intensity gain of 1.08 dB by providing an external excitation in the form of SAW at a peak-to-peak potential swing of 3 V, utilizing a single chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Gupta
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Kuntal Barman
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Yun Lee
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Anuj Chauhan
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Jang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
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6
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Gu Z, Zhu R, Shen T, Dou L, Liu H, Liu Y, Liu X, Liu J, Zhuang S, Gu F. Autonomous nanorobots with powerful thrust under dry solid-contact conditions by photothermal shock. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7663. [PMID: 38001071 PMCID: PMC10674020 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43433-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanorobotic motion on solid substrates is greatly hindered by strong nanofriction, and powerful nanomotors‒the core components for nanorobotic motion‒are still lacking. Optical actuation addresses power and motion control issues simultaneously, while conventional technologies with small thrust usually apply to fluid environments. Here, we demonstrate micronewton-thrust nanomotors that enable the autonomous nanorobots working like conventional robots with precise motion control on dry surfaces by a photothermal-shock technique. We build a pulsed laser-based actuation and trapping platform, termed photothermal-shock tweezers, for general motion control of metallic nanomaterials and assembled nanorobots with nanoscale precision. The thrust-to-weight ratios up to 107 enable nanomotors output forces to interact with external micro/nano-objects. Leveraging machine vision and deep learning technologies, we assemble the nanomotors into autonomous nanorobots with complex structures, and demonstrate multi-degree-of-freedom motion and sophisticated functions. Our photothermal shock-actuation concept fundamentally addresses the nanotribology challenges and expands the nanorobotic horizon from fluids to dry solid surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqi Gu
- Laboratory of Integrated Opto-Mechanics and Electronics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 200093, Shanghai, China
| | - Runlin Zhu
- Laboratory of Integrated Opto-Mechanics and Electronics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 200093, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianci Shen
- Laboratory of Integrated Opto-Mechanics and Electronics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 200093, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Dou
- Laboratory of Integrated Opto-Mechanics and Electronics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 200093, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongjiang Liu
- Laboratory of Integrated Opto-Mechanics and Electronics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 200093, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifei Liu
- Laboratory of Integrated Opto-Mechanics and Electronics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 200093, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment, Hebei University of Technology, 300130, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Songlin Zhuang
- Laboratory of Integrated Opto-Mechanics and Electronics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 200093, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuxing Gu
- Laboratory of Integrated Opto-Mechanics and Electronics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 200093, Shanghai, China.
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7
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Xiong Q, Zhu X, Xu J, Yuan W, Zhang J, Kan C. Direct coating of gold nanolayers to enhance the oxidation resistance of copper nanowire flexible transparent conductive films. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:29905-29913. [PMID: 37901954 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04255c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Copper nanowire-based transparent conductive films have garnered extensive attention owing to their cost-effectiveness and comparable electrical properties. However, the inherent instability of copper nanowires (Cu NWs) has curtailed their extensive utility and applicability. Herein, we present durable Cu@Au NW/PET films exhibiting elevated photoelectric attributes and remarkable flexibility. After preparing Cu NWs, the purification operation allows the purity of the Cu NWs to reach about 98%. Subsequently, Cu@Au NWs/PET flexible transparent conductive films (FTCFs) were prepared through vacuum filtration of Cu NWs and direct treatment with chloroauric acid. The resulting Cu@Au NW-based FTCFs exhibit impressive attributes including a low sheet resistance of 30 ohms per square and a high optical transmittance of 90%, resulting in an exceptional figure of merit (FOM) of 99. Remarkably, the Cu@Au NWs/PET film showed remarkable flexibility, retaining its properties after 10 000 cycles of continuous bending. Stability assessments further affirm the sheet resistance of the Cu@Au NW FTCFs remains nearly unchanged over 75 days at ambient temperature. The strategic integration of a gold nanolayer, serving as a protective coating on the Cu NWs, yields substantial enhancements in both electrical conductivity and overall stability within the Cu NW FTCF architecture. Furthermore, the obtained Cu@Au NW films exhibit rapid heating capabilities, reaching a temperature of 67 °C within 30 seconds at 3.5 V and subsequently returning to room temperature at the same rate. In summary, the introduction of a Au protective layer can effectively enhance the oxidation resistance of Cu NWs, which has great application potential in FTCFs in the field of film heaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Xiong
- College of Physics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China.
| | - Xingzhong Zhu
- College of Physics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China.
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Materials and Physics (NUAA), MIIT, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Juan Xu
- College of Physics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China.
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Materials and Physics (NUAA), MIIT, Nanjing 211106, China
| | - Weiqiang Yuan
- College of Physics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China.
| | - Jizhe Zhang
- College of Physics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China.
| | - Caixia Kan
- College of Physics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China.
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Materials and Physics (NUAA), MIIT, Nanjing 211106, China
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8
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Weng SH, Hsu LY, Ding W. Exploring plasmonic effect on exciton transport: A theoretical insight from macroscopic quantum electrodynamics. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:154701. [PMID: 37843060 DOI: 10.1063/5.0165501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Exciton transport in extended molecular systems and how to manipulate such transport in a complex environment are essential to many energy and optical-related applications. We investigate the mechanism of plasmon-coupled exciton transport by using the Pauli master equation approach, combined with kinetic rates derived from macroscopic quantum electrodynamics. Through our theoretical framework, we demonstrate that the presence of a silver nanorod induces significant frequency dependence in the ability of transporting exciton through a molecule chain, indicated by the exciton diffusion coefficient, due to the dispersive nature of the silver dielectric response. Compared with the same system in vacuum, great enhancement (up to a factor of 103) in the diffusion coefficient can be achieved by coupling the resonance energy transfer process to localized surface plasmon polariton modes of the nanorod. Furthermore, our analysis reveals that the diffusion coefficients with the nearest-neighbor coupling approximation are ∼10 times smaller than the results obtained beyond this approximation, emphasizing the significance of long-range coupling in exciton transport influenced by plasmonic nanostructures. This study not only paves the way for exploring practical approaches to study plasmon-coupled exciton transport but also provides crucial insights for the design of innovative plasmon-assisted photovoltaic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Han Weng
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Yan Hsu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Physics Division, National Center for Theoretical Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wendu Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, USA
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9
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Yao J, Fang H, Li Y, Liu Z, Xu H, Ding T. Superplastic Nanomolding of Aluminum Waveguides for Subwavelength Light Routing, Splitting, and Encryption. ACS NANO 2023; 17:17342-17349. [PMID: 37638743 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic nanowires (NWs) due to their polarization-dependent optics and enhanced light-matter interactions have presented vibrant capabilities in functional nanophotonic devices. However, current demonstrations have largely been based on chemically synthesized Ag NWs, which are extremely unstable and poorly functional. Here we show single-crystalline Al NWs can be fabricated by a superplastic nanomolding (SPNM) technique on a centimeter scale, which are earth-abundant and highly stable. They present robust properties of multimode waveguiding with long-term stability, high efficiency of beam splitting in response to the polarization, and durable thermal optical modulation, which can be readily applied as nanophotonic routers, splitters, and information encryptors. Moreover, this SNPM technique is extendable to other metals, which are highly exploitable for functional nanophotonic devices and integrated optical chips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Yao
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Fang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Li
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze Liu
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan 430206, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Ding
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
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10
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Song Z, Sistani M, Schwingshandl F, Lugstein A. Controlling Hot Charge Carrier Transfer in Monolithic AlSiAl Heterostructures for Plasmonic On-Chip Energy Harvesting. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2301055. [PMID: 37162487 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The generation of hot carriers by Landau damping or chemical interface damping of plasmons is of particular interest to the fundamental aspects of extreme light-matter interactions. Hot charge carriers can be transferred to an attached acceptor for photochemical or photovoltaic energy conversion. However, these lose their excess energy and relax to thermal equilibrium within picoseconds and it is difficult to extract useful work thereof with thermodynamic efficiencies that are of interest for practical devices. Without a detailed understanding of the underlying plasmon decay processes and transfer mechanisms, proper material matching and design considerations for novel plasmonic devices are extremely challenging. Here, a multifunctional AlSiAl heterostructure device with tunable Schottky barriers is presented to control plasmon-induced hot carrier injection at an abrupt metal-semiconductor interface. Light absorption, surface plasmon generation, and separation of hot carriers arising from the non-radiative decay of surface plasmons are realized in a monolithic Schottky barrier field effect transistor. Aside from barrier modulation, a virtual p-n junction can be emulated in the semiconductor channel with the distinct merit that carrier concentration and polarity are tunable by electrostatic gating. The investigations are carried out with a view to possible use for CMOS-compatible plasmonic photovoltaics, with versatile implementations for autonomous nanosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehao Song
- Institute of Solid State Electronics, Technische Universität Wien, Gußhausstraße 25-25a, Vienna, 1040, Austria
| | - Masiar Sistani
- Institute of Solid State Electronics, Technische Universität Wien, Gußhausstraße 25-25a, Vienna, 1040, Austria
| | - Fabian Schwingshandl
- Institute of Solid State Electronics, Technische Universität Wien, Gußhausstraße 25-25a, Vienna, 1040, Austria
| | - Alois Lugstein
- Institute of Solid State Electronics, Technische Universität Wien, Gußhausstraße 25-25a, Vienna, 1040, Austria
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11
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Yang P, Liang Y, Zhang D, Ge S, Li S, Liang X, Zhang J, Xi Y, Zhang Y, Liu W. Rebuildable Silver Nanoparticles Employed as Seeds for Synthesis of Pure Silver Nanopillars with Hexagonal Cross-Sections under Room Temperature. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1263. [PMID: 37049356 PMCID: PMC10097324 DOI: 10.3390/nano13071263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanopillars with strong plasmonic effects are used for localized electromagnetic field enhancement and regulation and have wide potential applications in sensing, bioimaging, and surface-enhanced spectroscopy. Normally, the controlled synthesis of silver nanopillars is mainly achieved using heterometallic nanoparticles, including Au nanobipyramids and Pd decahedra, as seeds for inducing nanostructure growth. However, the seed materials are usually doped in silver nanopillar products. Herein, the synthesis of pure silver nanopillars with hexagonal cross-sections is achieved by employing rebuildable silver nanoparticles as seeds. An environmentally friendly, stable, and reproducible synthetic route for obtaining silver nanopillars is proposed using sodium dodecyl sulfate as the surface stabilizer. Furthermore, the seed particles induce the formation of regular structures at different temperatures, and, specifically, room temperature is beneficial for the growth of nanopillars. The availability of silver nanoparticle seeds using sodium alginate as a carrier at different temperatures was verified. A reproducible method was developed to synthesize pure silver nanopillars from silver nanoparticles at room temperature, which can provide a strategy for designing plasmonic nanostructures for chemical and biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Yang
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Thin Films Technology and Optical Test, Xi’an Technological University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Yu Liang
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Thin Films Technology and Optical Test, Xi’an Technological University, Xi’an 710032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Daxiao Zhang
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shaobo Ge
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Thin Films Technology and Optical Test, Xi’an Technological University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Shijie Li
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Thin Films Technology and Optical Test, Xi’an Technological University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Xichao Liang
- Research and Application of Regenerative Cellulose Fiber Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, YiBin Grace Group Co., Ltd., Yibin 644000, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Thin Films Technology and Optical Test, Xi’an Technological University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Yingxue Xi
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Thin Films Technology and Optical Test, Xi’an Technological University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Thin Films Technology and Optical Test, Xi’an Technological University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Weiguo Liu
- Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Thin Films Technology and Optical Test, Xi’an Technological University, Xi’an 710032, China
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12
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Lyu PT, Liu XR, Yin LX, Wu P, Sun C, Chen HY, Xu JJ, Kang B. Periodic Distributions and Ultrafast Dynamics of Hot Electrons in Plasmonic Resonators. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:2269-2276. [PMID: 36897094 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Understanding and managing hot electrons in metals are of fundamental and practical interest in plasmonic studies and applications. A major challenge for the development of hot electron devices requires the efficient and controllable generation of long-lived hot electrons so that they can be harnessed effectively before relaxation. Here, we report the ultrafast spatiotemporal evolution of hot electrons in plasmonic resonators. Using femtosecond-resolution interferometric imaging, we show the unique periodic distributions of hot electrons due to standing plasmonic waves. In particular, this distribution can be flexibly tuned by the size, shape, and dimension of the resonator. We also demonstrate that the hot electron lifetimes are substantially prolonged at hot spots. This appealing effect is interpreted as a result of the locally concentrated energy density at the antinodes in standing hot electron waves. These results could be useful to control the distributions and lifetimes of hot electrons in plasmonic devices for targeted optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Tian Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Xiao-Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Li-Xin Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Pei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Chao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Hong-Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Jing-Juan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Bin Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
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13
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Chang M, Wang M, Liu Y, Liu M, Kheraif AAA, Ma P, Zhao Y, Lin J. Dendritic Plasmonic CuPt Alloys for Closed-Loop Multimode Cancer Therapy with Remarkably Enhanced Efficacy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206423. [PMID: 36567272 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The outcome of laser-triggered plasmons-induced phototherapy, including photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), is significantly limited by the hypoxic tumor microenvironment and the upregulation of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in response to heat stress. Mitochondria, the biological battery of cells, can serve as an important breakthrough to overcome these obstacles. Herein, dendritic triangular pyramidal plasmonic CuPt alloys loaded with heat-sensitive NO donor N, N'-di-sec-butyl-N, N'-dinitroso-1,4-phenylenediamine (BNN) is developed. Under 808 nm laser irradiation, plasmonic CuPt can generate superoxide anion free radicals (·O2 - ) and heat simultaneously. The heat generated can then trigger the release of NO gas, which not only enables gas therapy but also damages the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Impaired mitochondrial respiration leads to reduced oxygen consumption and insufficient intracellular ATP supply, which effectively alleviates tumor hypoxia and undermines the synthesis of HSPs, in turn boosting plasmonic CuPt-based PDT and mild PTT. Additionally, the generated NO and ·O2 - can react to form more cytotoxic peroxynitrite (ONOO- ). This work describes a plasmonic CuPt@BNN (CPB) triggered closed-loop NO gas, free radicals, and mild photothermal therapy strategy that is highly effective at reciprocally promoting antitumor outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Man Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yuhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Resources and Environment, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, P. R. China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Periodontology, Stomatological Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Abdulaziz A Al Kheraif
- Dental Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ping'an Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Jun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
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14
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Silver-Based Surface Plasmon Sensors: Fabrication and Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044142. [PMID: 36835553 PMCID: PMC9963732 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of novel phenomena such as optical nonlinear enhancement effect, transmission enhancement, orientation effect, high sensitivity to refractive index, negative refraction and dynamic regulation of low threshold can be generated by the control of surface plasmon (SP) with metal micro-nano structure and metal/material composite structure. The application of SP in nano-photonics, super-resolution imaging, energy, sensor detection, life science, and other fields shows an important prospect. Silver nanoparticles are one of the commonly used metal materials for SP because of their high sensitivity to refractive index change, convenient synthesis, and high controllable degree of shape and size. In this review, the basic concept, fabrication, and applications of silver-based surface plasmon sensors are summarized.
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15
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Takiguchi M, Zhang G, Sasaki S, Tateno K, John C, Ono M, Sumikura H, Shinya A, Notomi M. Damage protection from focused ion beam process toward nanocavity-implemented compound semiconductor nanowire lasers. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 34:135301. [PMID: 36608329 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acb0d5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A focused ion beam (FIB) can precisely mill samples and freely form any nanostructure even on surfaces with curvature, like a nanowire surface, which are difficult to implement by using conventional fabrication techniques, e.g. electron beam lithography. Thus, this tool is promising for nanofabrication; however, fabrication damage and contamination are critical issues, which deteriorate optical properties. In this work, we investigated the protective performance of Al2O3against the FIB process (especially by a gallium ion). Nanowires were coated with Al2O3as a hard mask to protect them from damage during FIB nanofabrication. To estimate the protective performance, their emission properties by photoluminescence measurement and time-resolved spectroscopy were compared with and without Al2O3coating conditions. From the results, we confirmed that the Al2O3coating protects the nanowires. In addition, the nanowires also showed lasing behavior even after FIB processing had been carried out to implement nanostructures. This indicates that their optical properties are well maintained. Thus, our study proves the usefulness of FIBs for future nanofabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Takiguchi
- Nanophotonics Center, NTT Corp., 3-1, Morinosato Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corp., 3-1, Morinosato Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - Guoqiang Zhang
- Nanophotonics Center, NTT Corp., 3-1, Morinosato Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corp., 3-1, Morinosato Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sasaki
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corp., 3-1, Morinosato Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - Kouta Tateno
- Nanophotonics Center, NTT Corp., 3-1, Morinosato Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corp., 3-1, Morinosato Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - Caleb John
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corp., 3-1, Morinosato Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - Masaaki Ono
- Nanophotonics Center, NTT Corp., 3-1, Morinosato Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corp., 3-1, Morinosato Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - Hisashi Sumikura
- Nanophotonics Center, NTT Corp., 3-1, Morinosato Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corp., 3-1, Morinosato Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - Akihiko Shinya
- Nanophotonics Center, NTT Corp., 3-1, Morinosato Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corp., 3-1, Morinosato Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
| | - Masaya Notomi
- Nanophotonics Center, NTT Corp., 3-1, Morinosato Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
- NTT Basic Research Laboratories, NTT Corp., 3-1, Morinosato Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-H55 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
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16
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Mystilidis C, Zheng X, Xomalis A, Vandenbosch GAE. A Potential‐Based Boundary Element Implementation for Modeling Multiple Scattering from Local and Nonlocal Plasmonic Nanowires. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202200722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christos Mystilidis
- WaveCore Division Department of Electrical Engineering, KU Leuven Kasteelpark Arenberg 10, BUS 2444 Leuven B‐3001 Belgium
| | - Xuezhi Zheng
- WaveCore Division Department of Electrical Engineering, KU Leuven Kasteelpark Arenberg 10, BUS 2444 Leuven B‐3001 Belgium
| | - Angelos Xomalis
- Empa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Material Science and Technology Laboratory for Mechanics of Materials and Nanostructures Feuerwerkerstrasse 39 Thun 3602 Switzerland
| | - Guy A. E. Vandenbosch
- WaveCore Division Department of Electrical Engineering, KU Leuven Kasteelpark Arenberg 10, BUS 2444 Leuven B‐3001 Belgium
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17
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Matsukata T, Ogura S, García de Abajo FJ, Sannomiya T. Simultaneous Nanoscale Excitation and Emission Mapping by Cathodoluminescence. ACS NANO 2022; 16:21462-21470. [PMID: 36414014 PMCID: PMC9799067 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c09973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Free-electron-based spectroscopies can reveal the nanoscale optical properties of semiconductor materials and nanophotonic devices with a spatial resolution far beyond the diffraction limit of light. However, the retrieved spatial information is constrained to the excitation space defined by the electron beam position, while information on the delocalization associated with the spatial extension of the probed optical modes in the specimen has so far been missing, despite its relevance in ruling the optical properties of nanostructures. In this study, we demonstrate a cathodoluminescence method that can access both excitation and emission spaces at the nanoscale, illustrating the power of such a simultaneous excitation and emission mapping technique by revealing a subwavelength emission position modulation as well as by visualizing electromagnetic energy transport in nanoplasmonic systems. Besides the fundamental interest of these results, our technique grants us access into previously inaccessible nanoscale optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeko Matsukata
- Department
of Materials Science and Technology, School of Materials and Chemical
Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta Midoriku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Shintaro Ogura
- Department
of Materials Science and Technology, School of Materials and Chemical
Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta Midoriku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - F. Javier García de Abajo
- ICFO-Institut
de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science
and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA-Institució
Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Takumi Sannomiya
- Department
of Materials Science and Technology, School of Materials and Chemical
Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta Midoriku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
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18
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Nguyen QN, Wang C, Shang Y, Janssen A, Xia Y. Colloidal Synthesis of Metal Nanocrystals: From Asymmetrical Growth to Symmetry Breaking. Chem Rev 2022; 123:3693-3760. [PMID: 36547384 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nanocrystals offer a unique platform for tailoring the physicochemical properties of solid materials to enhance their performances in various applications. While most work on controlling their shapes revolves around symmetrical growth, the introduction of asymmetrical growth and thus symmetry breaking has also emerged as a powerful route to enrich metal nanocrystals with new shapes and complex morphologies as well as unprecedented properties and functionalities. The success of this route critically relies on our ability to lift the confinement on symmetry by the underlying unit cell of the crystal structure and/or the initial seed in a systematic manner. This Review aims to provide an account of recent progress in understanding and controlling asymmetrical growth and symmetry breaking in a colloidal synthesis of noble-metal nanocrystals. With a touch on both the nucleation and growth steps, we discuss a number of methods capable of generating seeds with diverse symmetry while achieving asymmetrical growth for mono-, bi-, and multimetallic systems. We then showcase a variety of symmetry-broken nanocrystals that have been reported, together with insights into their growth mechanisms. We also highlight their properties and applications and conclude with perspectives on future directions in developing this class of nanomaterials. It is hoped that the concepts and existing challenges outlined in this Review will drive further research into understanding and controlling the symmetry breaking process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quynh N. Nguyen
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia30332, United States
| | - Chenxiao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia30332, United States
| | - Yuxin Shang
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia30332, United States
| | - Annemieke Janssen
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia30332, United States
| | - Younan Xia
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia30332, United States
- The Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia30332, United States
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19
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Cha L, Li P. Metallic On-Chip Light Concentrators Fabricated by In Situ Plasmonic Etching Technique. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4195. [PMID: 36500820 PMCID: PMC9739918 DOI: 10.3390/nano12234195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
One-dimensional tapered metallic nanostructures are highly interesting for nanophotonic applications because of their plasmonic waveguiding and field-focusing properties. Here, we developed an in situ etching technique for unique tapered crystallized silver nanowire fabrication. Under the focused laser spot, plasmon-induced charge separation of chemically synthesized nanowires is excited, which triggers the uniaxial etching of silver nanowires along the radial direction with decreasing rate, forming tapered structures several micrometers long and with diameter attenuating from hundreds to tens of nanometers. These tapered metallic nanowires have smooth surfaces showing excellent performance for plasmonic waveguiding, and can be good candidates for nanocircuits and remote-excitation sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Cha
- School of Law, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Pan Li
- Institute of Analysis and Testing, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing 100089, China
- Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
- School of Information Technology, Beijing City University, Beijing 100083, China
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20
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Wang Y, Luo A, Zhu C, Li Z, Wu X. Ultra-confined Propagating Exciton-Plasmon Polaritons Enabled by Cavity-Free Strong Coupling: Beating Plasmonic Trade-Offs. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2022; 17:109. [PMID: 36399213 PMCID: PMC9674826 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-022-03748-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid coupling systems consisting of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) and plasmonic nanostructures have emerged as a promising platform to explore exciton-plasmon polaritons. However, the requisite cavity/resonator for strong coupling introduces extra complexities and challenges for waveguiding applications. Alternatively, plasmonic nano-waveguides can also be utilized to provide a non-resonant approach for strong coupling, while their utility is limited by the plasmonic confinement-loss and confinement-momentum trade-offs. Here, based on a cavity-free approach, we overcome these constraints by theoretically strong coupling of a monolayer TMD to a single metal nanowire, generating ultra-confined propagating exciton-plasmon polaritons (PEPPs) that beat the plasmonic trade-offs. By leveraging strong-coupling-induced reformations in energy distribution and combining favorable properties of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and excitons, the generated PEPPs feature ultra-deep subwavelength confinement (down to 1-nm level with mode areas ~ 10-4 of λ2), long propagation length (up to ~ 60 µm), tunable dispersion with versatile mode characters (SPP- and exciton-like mode characters), and small momentum mismatch to free-space photons. With the capability to overcome the trade-offs of SPPs and the compatibility for waveguiding applications, our theoretical results suggest an attractive guided-wave platform to manipulate exciton-plasmon interactions at the ultra-deep subwavelength scale, opening new horizons for waveguiding nano-polaritonic components and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China.
| | - Aoning Luo
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Photonic Sensing and Intelligent Imaging, Jiaxing, 314000, People's Republic of China
- Jiaxing Intelligent Optics and Photonics Research Center, Jiaxing Research Institute Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, 314000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Wind L, Sistani M, Böckle R, Smoliner J, Vukŭsić L, Aberl J, Brehm M, Schweizer P, Maeder X, Michler J, Fournel F, Hartmann JM, Weber WM. Composition Dependent Electrical Transport in Si 1-x Ge x Nanosheets with Monolithic Single-Elementary Al Contacts. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2204178. [PMID: 36135726 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202204178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Si1-x Gex is a key material in modern complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor and bipolar devices. However, despite considerable efforts in metal-silicide and -germanide compound material systems, reliability concerns have so far hindered the implementation of metal-Si1-x Gex junctions that are vital for diverse emerging "More than Moore" and quantum computing paradigms. In this respect, the systematic structural and electronic properties of Al-Si1-x Gex heterostructures, obtained from a thermally induced exchange between ultra-thin Si1-x Gex nanosheets and Al layers are reported. Remarkably, no intermetallic phases are found after the exchange process. Instead, abrupt, flat, and void-free junctions of high structural quality can be obtained. Interestingly, ultra-thin interfacial Si layers are formed between the metal and Si1-x Gex segments, explaining the morphologic stability. Integrated into omega-gated Schottky barrier transistors with the channel length being defined by the selective transformation of Si1-x Gex into single-elementary Al leads, a detailed analysis of the transport is conducted. In this respect, a report on a highly versatile platform with Si1-x Gex composition-dependent properties ranging from highly transparent contacts to distinct Schottky barriers is provided. Most notably, the presented abrupt, robust, and reliable metal-Si1-x Gex junctions can open up new device implementations for different types of emerging nanoelectronic, optoelectronic, and quantum devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Wind
- Institute of Solid State Electronics, Technische Universität Wien, Gußhausstraße 25-25a, Vienna, 1040, Austria
| | - Masiar Sistani
- Institute of Solid State Electronics, Technische Universität Wien, Gußhausstraße 25-25a, Vienna, 1040, Austria
| | - Raphael Böckle
- Institute of Solid State Electronics, Technische Universität Wien, Gußhausstraße 25-25a, Vienna, 1040, Austria
| | - Jürgen Smoliner
- Institute of Solid State Electronics, Technische Universität Wien, Gußhausstraße 25-25a, Vienna, 1040, Austria
| | - Lada Vukŭsić
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University, Altenberger Straße 69, Linz, 4040, Austria
| | - Johannes Aberl
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University, Altenberger Straße 69, Linz, 4040, Austria
| | - Moritz Brehm
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University, Altenberger Straße 69, Linz, 4040, Austria
| | - Peter Schweizer
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Mechanics of Materials and Nanostructures, Feuerwerkstrasse 39, Thun, 3602, Switzerland
| | - Xavier Maeder
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Mechanics of Materials and Nanostructures, Feuerwerkstrasse 39, Thun, 3602, Switzerland
| | - Johann Michler
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Laboratory for Mechanics of Materials and Nanostructures, Feuerwerkstrasse 39, Thun, 3602, Switzerland
| | - Frank Fournel
- CEA-LETI, University Grenoble Alpes, 17 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Jean-Michel Hartmann
- CEA-LETI, University Grenoble Alpes, 17 Avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble, 38000, France
| | - Walter M Weber
- Institute of Solid State Electronics, Technische Universität Wien, Gußhausstraße 25-25a, Vienna, 1040, Austria
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22
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Luo A, Feng Y, Zhu C, Wang Y, Wu X. Transfer Learning for Modeling Plasmonic Nanowire Waveguides. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3624. [PMID: 36296814 PMCID: PMC9612048 DOI: 10.3390/nano12203624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Retrieving waveguiding properties of plasmonic metal nanowires (MNWs) through numerical simulations is time- and computational-resource-consuming, especially for those with abrupt geometric features and broken symmetries. Deep learning provides an alternative approach but is challenging to use due to inadequate generalization performance and the requirement of large sets of training data. Here, we overcome these constraints by proposing a transfer learning approach for modeling MNWs under the guidance of physics. We show that the basic knowledge of plasmon modes can first be learned from free-standing circular MNWs with computationally inexpensive data, and then reused to significantly improve performance in predicting waveguiding properties of MNWs with various complex configurations, enabling much smaller errors (~23-61% reduction), less trainable parameters (~42% reduction), and smaller sets of training data (~50-80% reduction) than direct learning. Compared to numerical simulations, our model reduces the computational time by five orders of magnitude. Compared to other non-deep learning methods, such as the circular-area-equivalence approach and the diagonal-circle approximation, our approach enables not only much higher accuracies, but also more comprehensive characterizations, offering an effective and efficient framework to investigate MNWs that may greatly facilitate the design of polaritonic components and devices.
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23
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Layered Pd oxide on PdSn nanowires for boosting direct H 2O 2 synthesis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6072. [PMID: 36241626 PMCID: PMC9568611 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33757-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has the wide range of applications in industry and living life. However, the development of the efficient heterogeneous catalyst in the direct H2O2 synthesis (DHS) from H2 and O2 remains a formidable challenge because of the low H2O2 producibility. Herein, we develop a two-step approach to prepare PdSn nanowire catalysts, which comprises Pd oxide layered on PdSn nanowires (PdL/PdSn-NW). The PdL/PdSn-NW displays superior reactivity in the DHS at zero Celcius, presenting the H2O2 producibility of 528 mol kgcat−1·h−1 and H2O2 selectivity of >95%. A layer of Pd oxide on the PdSn nanowire generates bi-coordinated Pd, leading to the different adsorption behaviors of O2, H2 and H2O2 on the PdL/PdSn-NW. Furthermore, the weak adsorption of H2O2 on the PdL/PdSn-NW contributes to the low activation energy and high H2O2 producibility. This surface engineering approach, depositing metal layer on metal nanowires, provides a new insight in the rational designing of efficient catalyst for DHS. The development of the efficient catalyst in the direct H2O2 synthesis (DHS) from H2 and O2 remains a formidable challenge. Here, the authors develop a two-step approach to prepare a layer of Pd oxide on PdSn nanowires which displays superior reactivity in the DHS at zero Celcius.
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Li F, Yang ZY, Shi JJ, He XB. Subwavelength dichroic demultiplexer based on double Fabry-Perot cavities. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:37753-37759. [PMID: 36258357 DOI: 10.1364/oe.472582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic demultiplexers hold promise for the realization of the subwavelength and high-splitting ratio dichroic splitter and have a wide range of applications from optical communication, and manipulation to ultrafast data treatment. However, this vision has not been realized for a long time due to lacking the suitable splitting structure design, which limits its further development of integrated photonic circuits. Here, we demonstrate a plasmonic demultiplexer with subwavelength feature size (0.54 µm) and broadband spectral (620-870 nm) range, and high-splitting ratio (17 dB in experiments and 20 dB in calculations). It consists of two adjacent Fabry-Perot cavities (covered by PMMA polymer) and coupling gratings, which are integrated with the Au waveguide. The relatively simple double cavities design of our device has a simple theoretical analysis and fabrication process. Our work has relevance for various optical applications, such as multiple wavelength photodetectors and optical multichannel interconnects.
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25
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Wang P, Krasavin AV, Liu L, Jiang Y, Li Z, Guo X, Tong L, Zayats AV. Molecular Plasmonics with Metamaterials. Chem Rev 2022; 122:15031-15081. [PMID: 36194441 PMCID: PMC9562285 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Molecular plasmonics, the area which deals with the interactions between surface plasmons and molecules, has received enormous interest in fundamental research and found numerous technological applications. Plasmonic metamaterials, which offer rich opportunities to control the light intensity, field polarization, and local density of electromagnetic states on subwavelength scales, provide a versatile platform to enhance and tune light-molecule interactions. A variety of applications, including spontaneous emission enhancement, optical modulation, optical sensing, and photoactuated nanochemistry, have been reported by exploiting molecular interactions with plasmonic metamaterials. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of the developments of molecular plasmonics with metamaterials. After a brief introduction to the optical properties of plasmonic metamaterials and relevant fabrication approaches, we discuss light-molecule interactions in plasmonic metamaterials in both weak and strong coupling regimes. We then highlight the exploitation of molecules in metamaterials for applications ranging from emission control and optical modulation to optical sensing. The role of hot carriers generated in metamaterials for nanochemistry is also discussed. Perspectives on the future development of molecular plasmonics with metamaterials conclude the review. The use of molecules in combination with designer metamaterials provides a rich playground both to actively control metamaterials using molecular interactions and, in turn, to use metamaterials to control molecular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China.,Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, Strand, LondonWC2R 2LS, U.K.,Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Photonic Sensing & Intelligent Imaging, Jiaxing314000, China.,Intelligent Optics & Photonics Research Center, Jiaxing Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing314000, China
| | - Alexey V Krasavin
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, Strand, LondonWC2R 2LS, U.K
| | - Lufang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Yunlu Jiang
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, Strand, LondonWC2R 2LS, U.K
| | - Zhiyong Li
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Photonic Sensing & Intelligent Imaging, Jiaxing314000, China.,Intelligent Optics & Photonics Research Center, Jiaxing Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing314000, China
| | - Xin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China.,Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Photonic Sensing & Intelligent Imaging, Jiaxing314000, China.,Intelligent Optics & Photonics Research Center, Jiaxing Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing314000, China
| | - Limin Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Anatoly V Zayats
- Department of Physics and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, Strand, LondonWC2R 2LS, U.K
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Lightwave nano-converging enhancement by an arrayed optical antenna based on metallic nano-cone-tips for CMOS imaging detection. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15761. [PMID: 36131000 PMCID: PMC9492716 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20077-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A kind of gold-coated glass nano-cone-tips (GGNCTs) is developed as an arrayed optical antenna for highly receiving and converging incident lightwaves. A local light field enhancement factor (LFEF) of ~ 2 × 104 and maximum light absorption of ~ 98% can be achieved. The near-field lightwave measurements at the wavelength of 633 nm show that the surface net charges over a single GGNCT make a typical dipole oscillation and the energy transmits along the wave vector orientation, thus leading to a strong local light field enhancement. An effective detection method by near-field coupling an arrayed GGNCT and complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) sensor for highly efficient imaging detection is proposed. The lightwave detection at several wavelengths, including typical 473 nm, 532 nm, 671 nm, and 980 nm, shows a notable characteristic that a better capability of the net charge distribution adjusting and localized aggregating can be obtained at the absorption peak of the GGNCT developed and a stronger signal detection achieved. The research lays a foundation for further developing a light detector with an ideal optoelectronic sensitivity and broad spectral suitability, which is based on integrating GGNCTs as an arrayed optical antenna with common sensors.
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27
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Du J, Chen JH, Li Y, Shi R, Wu M, Xiao YF, Gao P. Electron Microscopy Probing Electron-Photon Interactions in SiC Nanowires with Ultrawide Energy and Momentum Match. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:6207-6214. [PMID: 35905393 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Light-matter interactions are commonly probed by optical spectroscopy, which, however, has some fundamental limitations such as diffraction-limited spatial resolution, tiny momentum transfer, and noncontinuous excitation/detection. In this work, through the use of scanning transmission electron microscopy-electron energy loss spectroscopy (STEM-EELS) with ultrawide energy and momentum match and subnanometer spatial resolution, the longitudinal Fabry-Perot (FP) resonating modes and the transverse whispering-gallery modes (WGMs) in individual SiC nanowires are simultaneously excited and detected, which span from near-infrared (∼1.2 μm) to ultraviolet (∼0.2 μm) spectral regime, and the momentum transfer can range up to 108 cm-1. The size effects on the resonant spectra of nanowires are also revealed. This work provides an alternative technique to optical resonating spectroscopy and light-matter interactions in dielectric nanostructures, which is promising for modulating free electrons via photonic structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Du
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Jin-Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
- Institute of Electromagnetics and Acoustics, Xiamen University, Xiamen361005, China
| | - Yuehui Li
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
- International Center for Quantum Materials, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Ruochen Shi
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
- International Center for Quantum Materials, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Mei Wu
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
- International Center for Quantum Materials, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Yun-Feng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
- International Center for Quantum Materials, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing100871, China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
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28
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Zhang W, Lei H, Zhong L, Liu W, Li J, Qin Y. Manipulation of a Single Metal Nanowire by an Unpolarized Gaussian Beam. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:29111-29119. [PMID: 35723431 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Optical manipulation of metal nanowires offers a promising route to building optoelectronic nanosystems, which remains a challenge because of their strong absorption or scattering properties. Here, precise optical manipulation of a single Ag nanowire, including capture, translation, rotation, immobilization, and release, was readily achieved within a large operation range of 100 μm by a single unpolarized Gaussian beam based on an optical scattering force. Besides, the optical forces and torques exerted on the Ag nanowires under different conditions were quantitatively analyzed and calculated by simulation to give insight into the manipulation mechanism. This proposed scattering-force-based optical manipulation method also has great position and orientation stability with a capture stiffness of 1.2 pN/μm and an orientation standard deviation of 0.3°. More surprisingly, it is independent of both laser polarization and the metal material, shape, and size and is a universal and promising strategy for the manipulation and assembly of nontransparent structures in mesoscopic/Mie sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weina Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Information Technology, School of Information Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hongxiang Lei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Liyun Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Information Technology, School of Information Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenjie Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Information Technology, School of Information Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Juan Li
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 511443, China
| | - Yuwen Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Information Technology, School of Information Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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29
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Greenwood A, Balram KC, Gersen H. Smooth Sidewalls on Crystalline Gold through Facet-Selective Anisotropic Reactive Ion Etching: Toward Low-Loss Plasmonic Devices. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:4617-4621. [PMID: 35652540 PMCID: PMC9228404 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c04405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Quantum plasmonics aims to harness the deeply subwavelength confinement provided by plasmonic devices to engineer more efficient interfaces to quantum systems in particular single emitters. Realizing this vision is hampered by the roughness-induced scattering and loss inherent in most nanofabricated devices. In this work, we show evidence of a reactive ion etching process to selectively etch gold along select crystalline facets. Since the etch is facet selective, the sidewalls of fabricated devices are smoother than the lithography induced line-edge roughness with the prospect of achieving atomic smoothness by further optimization of the etch chemistry. This opens up a route toward fabricating integrated plasmonic circuits that can achieve loss metrics close to fundamental bounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander
B. Greenwood
- Nanophotonics
and Nanophysics Group, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
| | - Krishna C. Balram
- Quantum
Engineering Technology Laboratories and Department of Electrical and
Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UB, United
Kingdom
| | - Henkjan Gersen
- Nanophotonics
and Nanophysics Group, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
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30
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Teng D, Tian Y, Hu X, Guan Z, Gao W, Li P, Fang H, Yan J, Wang Z, Wang K. Sodium-Based Cylindrical Plasmonic Waveguides in the Near-Infrared. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:1950. [PMID: 35745290 PMCID: PMC9229541 DOI: 10.3390/nano12121950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Subwavelength optical field confinement and low-loss propagation are of great significance for compact photonic integration. However, the field confinement capability of plasmonic devices is always accompanied by the inherent Ohmic loss. Although recent studies have shown that sodium (Na) exhibits lower loss than noble metals in the near-infrared band, the field confinement ability has not been adequately assessed. Meanwhile, the high chemical reactivity of Na should be regulated for practical application. Two dielectric-coated Na nanowires, consisting of cylindrical Na nanowires with one or two dielectric layers as claddings, are proposed and investigated in this paper. Based on finite element calculations, we thoroughly study the modal fields and low-loss propagation properties of dielectric-coated Na nanowires. The results demonstrate that Na exhibits lower loss and stronger field confinement than the typical plasmonic material silver. These findings indicate the performance of plasmonic devices can be considerably improved by employing the metal Na compared with devices using noble metals, which may promote the applications in subwavelength photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Teng
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450044, China; (Y.T.); (X.H.); (Z.G.); (W.G.); (P.L.); (H.F.); (J.Y.); (Z.W.)
| | - Yuanming Tian
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450044, China; (Y.T.); (X.H.); (Z.G.); (W.G.); (P.L.); (H.F.); (J.Y.); (Z.W.)
| | - Xuemei Hu
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450044, China; (Y.T.); (X.H.); (Z.G.); (W.G.); (P.L.); (H.F.); (J.Y.); (Z.W.)
| | - Ziyi Guan
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450044, China; (Y.T.); (X.H.); (Z.G.); (W.G.); (P.L.); (H.F.); (J.Y.); (Z.W.)
| | - Wencang Gao
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450044, China; (Y.T.); (X.H.); (Z.G.); (W.G.); (P.L.); (H.F.); (J.Y.); (Z.W.)
| | - Pengyuan Li
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450044, China; (Y.T.); (X.H.); (Z.G.); (W.G.); (P.L.); (H.F.); (J.Y.); (Z.W.)
| | - Hongli Fang
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450044, China; (Y.T.); (X.H.); (Z.G.); (W.G.); (P.L.); (H.F.); (J.Y.); (Z.W.)
| | - Jianjun Yan
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450044, China; (Y.T.); (X.H.); (Z.G.); (W.G.); (P.L.); (H.F.); (J.Y.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Zhengzhou Normal University, Zhengzhou 450044, China; (Y.T.); (X.H.); (Z.G.); (W.G.); (P.L.); (H.F.); (J.Y.); (Z.W.)
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Infrared Imaging Materials and Detectors, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China
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31
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Exosome detection via surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for cancer diagnosis. Acta Biomater 2022; 144:1-14. [PMID: 35358734 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As nanoscale extracellular vesicles, exosomes are secreted by various cell types, and they are widely distributed in multiple biological fluids. Studies have shown that tumor-derived exosomes can carry a variety of primary tumor-specific molecules, which may represent a novel tool for the early detection of cancer. However, the clinical translation of exosomes remains a challenge due to the requirement of large quantities of samples when enriching the cancer-related exosomes in biological fluids, the insufficiency of traditional techniques for exosome subpopulations, and the complex exosome isolation of the current commercially available exosome phenotype profiling approaches. The evolving surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technology, with properties of unique optoelectronics, easy functionalization, and the particular interaction between light and nanoscale metallic materials, can achieve sensitive detection of exosomes without large quantities of samples and multiplexed phenotype profiling, providing a new mode of real-time and noninvasive analysis for cancer patients. In the present review, we mainly discussed exosome detection based on SERS, especially SERS immunoassay. The basic structure and function of exosomes were firstly introduced. Then, recent studies using the SERS technique for cancer detection were critically reviewed, which mainly included various SERS substrates, biological modification of SERS substrates, SERS-based exosome detection, and the combination of SERS and other technologies for cancer diagnosis. This review systematically discussed the essential aspects, limitations, and considerations of applying SERS technology in the detection and analysis of cancer-derived exosomes, which could provide a valuable reference for the early diagnosis of cancer through SERS technology. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has been applied to exosomes detection to obtain better diagnostic results. In past three years, several reviews have been published in exosome detection, which were narrowly focus on methods of exosome detection. Selection and surface functionalization of the substrate and the combination detection with different methods based on SERS will provide new strategies for the detection of exosomes. This review will focus on the above aspects. This emerging detection method is constantly evolving and contributing to the early discovery of diseases in the future.
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32
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Razeghi M, Üstünçelik M, Shabani F, Demir HV, Kasırga TS. Plasmon-enhanced photoresponse of single silver nanowires and their network devices. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2022; 7:396-402. [PMID: 35196367 DOI: 10.1039/d1nh00629k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The photo-bolometric effect is critically important in optoelectronic structures and devices employing metallic electrodes with nanoscale features due to heating caused by the plasmonic field enhancement. One peculiar case is individual silver nanowires (Ag NWs) and their networks. Ag NW-networks exhibit excellent thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties, providing a simple yet reliable alternative to common flexible transparent electrode materials used in optoelectronic devices. To date, there have been no reports on the photoresponse of Ag NWs. In this study, we show that single Ag NWs and networks of such Ag NWs possess a significant, intrinsic photoresponse, thanks to the photo-bolometric effect, as directly observed and measured using scanning photocurrent microscopy. Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) created at the contact metals or plasmons created at the nanowire-metal structures cause heating at the junctions where a plasmonic field enhancement is possible. The local heating of the Ag NWs results in negative photoconductance due to the bolometric effect. Here an open-circuit response due to the plasmon-enhanced Seebeck effect was recorded at the NW-metal contact junctions. The SPP-assisted bolometric effect is found to be further enhanced by decorating the Ag NWs with Ag nanoparticles. These observations are relevant to the use of metallic nanowires in plasmonic applications in particular and in optoelectronics in general. Our findings may pave the path for plasmonics-enabled sensing without spectroscopic detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadali Razeghi
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology - UNAM, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey.
| | - Merve Üstünçelik
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology - UNAM, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey.
| | - Farzan Shabani
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology - UNAM, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey.
| | - Hilmi Volkan Demir
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology - UNAM, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey.
- Department of Physics, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- LUMINOUS! Centre of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, The Photonics Institute, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - T Serkan Kasırga
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology - UNAM, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey.
- Department of Physics, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
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33
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Wu X, Wang Y. A physics-based machine learning approach for modeling the complex reflection coefficients of metal nanowires. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:205701. [PMID: 35108696 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac512e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanowires are attractive building blocks for next-generation plasmonic devices with high performance and compact footprint. The complex reflection coefficients of the plasmonic waveguides are crucial for estimation of the resonating, lasing, or sensing performance. By incorporating physics-guided objective functions and constraints, we propose a simple approach to convert the specific reflection problem of nanowires to a universal regression problem. Our approach is able to efficiently and reliably determine both the reflectivity and reflection phase of the metal nanowires with arbitrary geometry parameters, working environments, and terminal shapes, merging the merits of the physics-based modeling and the data-driven modeling. The results may provide valuable reference for building comprehensive datasets of plasmonic architectures, facilitating theoretical investigations and large-scale designs of nanophotonic components and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yipei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, People's Republic of China
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34
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Shi J, Ju L, Zhang X, Huang Y, Fang Y. Strong confinement of gap modes induced by the film modified electric and magnetic modes in dielectric nanoparticle dimers. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 266:120465. [PMID: 34637984 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nanogaps are one of the most useful systems in nanooptics. The gap modes in a film coupled dielectric nanoparticle dimer system are influenced by both of the film and the electric and magnetic modes of the particles. In this work, strong confinement of gap modes of dielectric (Si) nanoparticle dimer on Au/Si film is investigated. The results show an abnormal electric field enhancement obtained between Si nanoparticle dimer on metal film, which is attributed to film coupled electric and magnetic dipole modes in dielectric nanoparticle dimer. The results are further analyzed with mode hybridization theory. Furthermore, the surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is performed to demonstrate these theoretical analyses. The film induced electromagnetic field redistribution in dielectric nanoparticle dimer not only extend the knowledge of dielectric gap modes but also has tremendous applications, e.g. light manipulating in subwavelength, light harvest, surface enhanced spectrum, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Lili Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Chongqing Industry Polytechnic College, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yingzhou Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Smart Materials, College of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Yurui Fang
- Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Electron, and Ion Beams (Ministry of Education) and School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
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35
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Shi J, He X, Chen W, Li Y, Kang M, Cai Y, Xu H. Remote Dual-Cavity Enhanced Second Harmonic Generation in a Hybrid Plasmonic Waveguide. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:688-694. [PMID: 35025516 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
On-chip nanoscale optical platforms capable of efficient second harmonic generation (SHG) are highly desired for optical sensing, subwavelength coherent sources, and quantum photonic devices. Here, we develop a remotely excited dual cavity resonance scheme to achieve significantly enhanced SHG in a CdSe nanobelt on Au film hybrid waveguide system. The SHG emission with superior efficiency originates from counter-propagating plasmonic modes interference in a horizontal Fabry-Pérot (FP) cavity enabled by remote excitation of propagating surface plasmons, which is further enhanced through a vertical FP cavity. With this effective cooperation of hybrid plasmon modes and FP cavity modes, 2 orders of magnitude enhancement of the conversion efficiency (3.5 × 10-4 W-1) is achieved compared to the off-resonance case. Our design provides new insight into the development of a multifunctional hybrid plasmonic device toward on-chip nonlinear nanophotonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Shi
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optics and Photonic Device, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xiaobo He
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optics and Photonic Device, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yang Li
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Meng Kang
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yangjian Cai
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optics and Photonic Device, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Hongxing Xu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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36
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Lu L, Zhao T, Chen L, Wang C, Zhou Z, Ren X. The influence of single layer MoS 2flake on the propagated surface plasmons of silver nanowire. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:155401. [PMID: 34911045 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac4352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate enhancing the excitation and transmission efficiency of the propagated surface plasmon (SP) of an Ag nanowire (Ag NW) in hybrid Ag-MoS2structures by contrasting the SP propagation of the Ag NW on different substrates, including SiO2and monolayer MoS2, or partially overlapping the Ag NW on MoS2flakes. The simulation results show that the leaky radiation of the hybrid plasmonic modes H1and H2can be prominently suppressed due to the high refractive index dielectric layer of MoS2, which provides an optical barrier for blocking the leaky radiation, resulting in reduced propagation loss. This paper provides a feasible and effective method to improve the SP propagation length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Lu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiantian Zhao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenyang Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Xifeng Ren
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
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37
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OUP accepted manuscript. Microscopy (Oxf) 2022; 71:i174-i199. [DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfab050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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38
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Bellido EP, Bicket IC, Botton GA. The effects of bending on plasmonic modes in nanowires and planar structures. NANOPHOTONICS 2022; 11:305-314. [PMID: 36533260 PMCID: PMC9728462 DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2021-0449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we investigate the effects of bends on the surface plasmon resonances in nanowires (NWs) and isolated edges of planar structures using electron energy loss spectroscopy experiments and theoretical calculations. Previous work showed that the sharp bends in NWs do not affect their resonant modes. Here, we study previously overlooked effects and analyze systematically the evolution of resonant modes for several bending angles from 30° to 180°, showing that bending can have a significant effect on the plasmonic response of a nanostructure. In NWs, the modes can experience significant energy shifts that depend on the aspect ratio of the NW and can cause mode intersection and antinode bunching. We establish the relation between NW modes and edge modes and show that bending can even induce antinode splitting in edge modes. This work demonstrates that bends in plasmonic planar nanostructures can have a profound effect on their optical response and this must be accounted for in the design of optical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edson P. Bellido
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Isobel C. Bicket
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Gianluigi A. Botton
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, Canada
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39
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Liu S, Ma X, Song M, Ji CY, Song J, Ji Y, Ma S, Jiang J, Wu X, Li J, Liu M, Wang RY. Plasmonic Nanosensors with Extraordinary Sensitivity to Molecularly Enantioselective Recognition at Nanoscale Interfaces. ACS NANO 2021; 15:19535-19545. [PMID: 34797065 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c06467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Molecular chirality recognition plays a pivotal role in chiral generation and transfer in living systems and makes important contribution to the development of diverse applications spanning from chiral separation to soft nanorobots. To detect chirality recognition, most of the molecular sensors described to date are based on the design and preparation of the host-guest complexation with chromophore or fluorophore at the reporter unit. Nevertheless, the involved tedious procedures and complicated chemical syntheses hamper their practical applications. Here, we report the plasmonically chiroptical detection of molecular chirality recognition without the need for a chromophore or fluorophore unit. This facile methodology is based on plasmonic nanotransducers that can convert molecular chirality recognitions occurring at nanoscale interfaces into asymmetrically amplified plasmonic circular dichroism readouts, enabling enantiospecific recognition and quantitative determination of the enantiomeric excess of small amino acids. Importantly, such a plasmon-based chirality sensing shows 102-103 amplification in the plasmonic circular dichroism signals from the detections of racemate and near-racemate of molecular analysts, demonstrating an extraordinary sensitivity to the host-guest enantioselective interactions. Furthermore, with advantages of easy-processing, cost-effective, and specific to interfacial molecular chirality, our chiroptical sensing scheme could hold considerable promise toward applications of enantioselective high-throughput screening in biology, stereochemistry, and pharmaceutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengli Liu
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoyun Ma
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Mei Song
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chang-Yin Ji
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jian Song
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yinglu Ji
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Sijia Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaochun Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jiafang Li
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Minghua Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Colloid Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Rong-Yao Wang
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology, Jiaxing 314019, China
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40
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Burg O, Sanguramath RA, Michman E, Eren N, Popov I, Shenhar R. Periodic nanowire arrays with alternating compositions and structures fabricated using a simultaneous nanowire formation step. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:9937-9943. [PMID: 34693421 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm01313k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Arrays of alternating metallic nanostructures present hybrid properties, which are useful for applications in photonics and catalysis. Block copolymer films provide versatile templates for fabricating periodic arrays of nanowires. Yet, creating arrays with alternating compositions or structures requires different modifications of domains of the same kind. By controlling the penetration depth of metal precursors into the film we were able to impregnate different layers of copolymer cylinders with different metals. Capitalizing on the hexagonal packing of the cylinders led to simultaneous formation of nanowires with alternating compositions and periodic arrangement on the substrate after plasma etching. Selective deposition of nanoparticles on the film enabled creating alternating bare and decorated nanowires, as well as trimetallic nanowire arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofer Burg
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel.
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Rajashekharayya A Sanguramath
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel.
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Elisheva Michman
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel.
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Noga Eren
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel.
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Inna Popov
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Roy Shenhar
- The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel.
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
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41
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Focusing the electromagnetic field to 10 -6λ for ultra-high enhancement of field-matter interaction. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6389. [PMID: 34737279 PMCID: PMC8569218 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26662-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Focusing electromagnetic field to enhance the interaction with matter has been promoting researches and applications of nano electronics and photonics. Usually, the evanescent-wave coupling is adopted in various nano structures and materials to confine the electromagnetic field into a subwavelength space. Here, based on the direct coupling with confined electron oscillations in a nanowire, we demonstrate a tight localization of microwave field down to 10−6λ. A hybrid nanowire-bowtie antenna is further designed to focus the free-space microwave to this deep-subwavelength space. Detected by the nitrogen vacancy center in diamond, the field intensity and microwave-spin interaction strength are enhanced by 2.0 × 108 and 1.4 × 104 times, respectively. Such a high concentration of microwave field will further promote integrated quantum information processing, sensing and microwave photonics in a nanoscale system. Subwavelength focusing of electromagnetic fields often uses evanescent waves and nanostructures to aid confinement. Here, the authors localize a microwave field to 6 orders of magnitude smaller than the wavelength, by coupling to confined electron oscillations in a hybrid nanowire-bowtie antenna.
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42
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Wang Y, Hu H, Tang J, Meng S, Xu H, Ding T. Plasmon-Directed On-Wire Growth of Branched Silver Nanowires with Chiroptic Activity. ACS NANO 2021; 15:16404-16410. [PMID: 34558905 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c05796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanowires (Ag NWs) present prominent waveguiding properties of subwavelength light due to their nanoconfinement with propagating surface plasmons, which is of great importance for on-chip integration of nanophotonic devices and optical computation. Such propagating plasmons also exert plasmonic forces, which can be utilized to manipulate nanoparticles (NPs) beyond the diffraction limit. However, such controllability is spatially limited to the near fields, whereas a large portion of uncontrolled particles are randomly deposited on the chips, which could be detrimental to the integrated optical devices. Herein we shine continuous wave laser at one end of the Ag NW immersed in AgNO3 solution to launch the propagating surface plasmons. The laser irradiation also induces the photoreduction of Ag+ ions to locally generate tiny Ag NPs, which evolve into large Ag flake branches closer to the other end of the Ag NW. Such a peculiar growth is due to the synergistic effect of plasmonic forces and the thermophoretic/thermo-osmosis forces induced by temperature gradient. These branched Ag NWs with sharp angles are intrinsically chiral, which can be partially controlled by changing the irradiation location, forming plasmonic chiral enantiomers. The circular differential scattering (CDS) response of these branched Ag NWs can be as large as 40%, which can be used for chiral enantiomer sensing with spectral dissymmetric factor up to 4 nm induced by phenylalanine. This plasmon-directed on-wire growth not only offers a facile approach for generating plasmonic chiral nanostructures with remote controllability, but also provides significant insights on the synergistic effect of plasmonic forces and thermal-induced forces, which has great implications for self-assembly and integration of on-chip optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Huatian Hu
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jibo Tang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shuang Meng
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Hongxing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Tao Ding
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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43
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Ke F, Zhou C, Zheng M, Li H, Bao J, Zhu C, Song Y, Xu WW, Zhu M. The alloying-induced electrical conductivity of metal-chalcogenolate nanowires. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:8774-8777. [PMID: 34378573 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc01849c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Alloying is one of the most effective strategies to change the properties of inorganic-organic hybrid materials, but there are few reports of the alloying of one-dimensional nanowires with precise atomic structure due to the difficulties in obtaining the single crystals of nanowires themselves. Herein, we describe the synthesis and characterization of an alloyed one-dimensional Ag-Cu nanowire [Ag2.5Cu1.5(S-Adm)4]n. Compared with the unalloyed [Ag4(S-Adm)4]n, our novel alloyed nanowire exhibits good conductivity, and its resistivity (as a powder) was determined to be 107 Ω m by impedance analysis-consistent with that of a semiconductor. Accordingly, based on these properties combined with its excellent thermal stability and high-yielding, gram-scale synthesis, [Ag2.5Cu1.5(S-Adm)4]n is proposed for electronic-device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Ke
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, P. R. China.
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44
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Liaw JW, Mao SY, Luo JY, Ku YC, Kuo MK. Surface plasmon polaritons of higher-order mode and standing waves in metallic nanowires. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:18876-18888. [PMID: 34154134 DOI: 10.1364/oe.425958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) of higher-order mode propagating along a plasmonic nanowire (NW) or an elongated nanorod (NR) are studied theoretically. The dispersion relations of SPPs in NWs of different radii, obtained from a transcendental equation, show that the propagation lengths of SPPs of mode 1 and 2 at a specific frequency are longer than that of mode 0. For the higher-order mode, the spatial phase of the longitudinal component of electric field at a cross section of a NW exhibits the topological singularity, which indicates the optical vortex. Of importance, the streamlines of Poynting vector of these SPPs exhibit a helical winding along NW, and the azimuthal component of orbital momentum density exists in the nearfield of NW to produce a longitudinal orbital angular momentum (OAM). Two types of standing wave of counter-propagating SPPs of mode 1 and 2 are also studied; they perform as a string of beads or twisted donut depending on whether the handedness of two opposite-direction propagating SPPs is same or opposite. In addition, a SPP of mode 1 propagating along an elongated NR can be generated by means of an end-fire excitation of crossed electric bi-dipole with 90° phase difference. If the criterion of a resonator for a mode-1 standing wave (string of beads) is met, the configuration of a plasmonic NR associated with a pair of bi-dipoles with a phase delay (0° or 180°) at the two ends can be applied as a high-efficiency nanoantenna of transmission. Our results may pave a way to the further study of SPPs of higher-order mode carrying OAM along plasmonic waveguides.
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45
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Verlhac C, Makhsiyan M, Haidar R, Primot J, Bouchon P. Towards perfect metallic behavior in optical resonant nanostructures. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:18458-18468. [PMID: 34154101 DOI: 10.1364/oe.430126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Looking for a perfect metallic behavior is a crucial research line for metamaterials scientists. This paper outlines a versatile strategy based on a contrast of dielectric index to control dissipative losses in metal within waveguides and resonant nanostructures. This permits us to tune the quality factor of the guided mode and of the resonance over a large range, up to eight orders of magnitude, and over a broad spectral band, from visible to millimeter waves. An interpretation involving a low-loss equivalent model for the metal is developed. The latter is based on a Drude model, in which the dissipative parameter can reach very low values, which amounts to a nearly perfect metallic behavior. Finally, this concept is applied to a practical design that permits us to finely control the localization of dissipation in an absorbing photonic structure.
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46
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Agreda A, Sharma DK, Colas des Francs G, Kumar GVP, Bouhelier A. Modal and wavelength conversions in plasmonic nanowires. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:15366-15381. [PMID: 33985237 DOI: 10.1364/oe.421183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We show that plasmonic nanowire-nanoparticle systems can perform nonlinear wavelength and modal conversions and potentially serve as building blocks for signal multiplexing and novel trafficking modalities. When a surface plasmon excited by a pulsed laser beam propagates in a nanowire, it generates a localized broadband nonlinear continuum at the nanowire surface as well as at active locations defined by sites where nanoparticles are absorbed (enhancement sites). The local response may couple to new sets of propagating modes enabling a complex routing of optical signals through modal and spectral conversions. Different aspects influencing the optical signal conversions are presented, including the parameters defining the local formation of the continuum and the subsequent modal routing in the nanowire.
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47
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Pan XT, Liu YY, Qian SQ, Yang JM, Li Y, Gao J, Liu CG, Wang K, Xia XH. Free-Standing Single Ag Nanowires for Multifunctional Optical Probes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:19023-19030. [PMID: 33856193 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c02332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Miniaturized and manipulable optical probes are the foundation for developing in situ characterization devices in confined space. We developed two methods for fabricating free-standing single Ag nanowires (AgNWs) directly at the tip of a glass capillary either by chemical or electrochemical reduction. The electrochemical nature of both methods resulted in a rapid growth rate of AgNWs up to 1.38 μm/s and a controllable length from 5 to 450 μm. The AgNWs with a unique anisotropic structure allow localized surface plasmon resonance and surface plasmon waveguides in the radial direction and axial direction, respectively. We verified the possibility of using single AgNWs as an optical dispersion device and waveguide probe. By controlling the experimental conditions, rough-surface AgNWs with high surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activity were also fabricated. These SERS-active probes also exhibited advantages in acquiring molecular information from a single living cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Tong Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yu-Yang Liu
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of the Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Si-Qi Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jin-Mei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jia Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chun-Gen Liu
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry of the Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Kang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xing-Hua Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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48
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Ćwik M, Sulowska K, Buczyńska D, Roźniecka E, Domagalska M, Maćkowski S, Niedziółka-Jönsson J. Controlling plasmon propagation and enhancement via reducing agent in wet chemistry synthesized silver nanowires. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:8834-8845. [PMID: 33820325 DOI: 10.1364/oe.412903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanowires with varying diameters and submillimeter lengths were obtained by changing a reducing agent used during hydrothermal synthesis. The control over the nanowire diameter turns out to play a critical role in determining their plasmonic properties, including fluorescence enhancement and surface plasmon polariton propagation. Advanced fluorescence imaging of hybrid nanostructures assembled of silver nanowires and photoactive proteins indicates longer propagation lengths for nanowires featuring larger diameters. At the same time, with increasing diameter of the nanowires, we measure a substantial reduction of fluorescence enhancement. The results point at possible ways to control the influence of plasmon excitations in silver nanowires by tuning their morphology.
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49
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Gabbani A, Fantechi E, Petrucci G, Campo G, de Julián Fernández C, Ghigna P, Sorace L, Bonanni V, Gurioli M, Sangregorio C, Pineider F. Dielectric Effects in FeO x -Coated Au Nanoparticles Boost the Magnetoplasmonic Response: Implications for Active Plasmonic Devices. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2021; 4:1057-1066. [PMID: 33778418 PMCID: PMC7992377 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.0c02588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Plasmon resonance modulation with an external magnetic field (magnetoplasmonics) represents a promising route for the improvement of the sensitivity of plasmon-based refractometric sensing. To this purpose, an accurate material choice is needed to realize hybrid nanostructures with an improved magnetoplasmonic response. In this work, we prepared core@shell nanostructures made of an 8 nm Au core surrounded by an ultrathin iron oxide shell (≤1 nm). The presence of the iron oxide shell was found to significantly enhance the magneto-optical response of the noble metal in the localized surface plasmon region, compared with uncoated Au nanoparticles. With the support of an analytical model, we ascribed the origin of the enhancement to the shell-induced increase in the dielectric permittivity around the Au core. The experiment points out the importance of the spectral position of the plasmonic resonance in determining the magnitude of the magnetoplasmonic response. Moreover, the analytical model proposed here represents a powerful predictive tool for the quantification of the magnetoplasmonic effect based on resonance position engineering, which has significant implications for the design of active magnetoplasmonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Gabbani
- INSTM
and Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Università di Pisa, via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Elvira Fantechi
- INSTM
and Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Università di Pisa, via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Gaia Petrucci
- INSTM
and Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Università di Pisa, via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulio Campo
- INSTM
and Department of Chemistry “U. Schiff”, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | | | - Paolo Ghigna
- Department
of Chemistry, Università di Pavia, Via T. Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Sorace
- INSTM
and Department of Chemistry “U. Schiff”, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Valentina Bonanni
- INSTM
and Department of Chemistry “U. Schiff”, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Massimo Gurioli
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Università
degli Studi di Firenze, via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Claudio Sangregorio
- INSTM
and Department of Chemistry “U. Schiff”, Università degli Studi di Firenze, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
- CNR-ICCOM, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Francesco Pineider
- INSTM
and Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Università di Pisa, via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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50
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Xiang Y, Chen J, Tang X, Wang R, Zhan Q, Lakowicz JR, Zhang D. Far-field optical imaging of surface plasmons with a subdiffraction limited separation. NANOPHOTONICS 2021; 10:1099-1106. [PMID: 35330809 PMCID: PMC8942129 DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2020-0500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
When an ultrathin silver nanowire with a diameter less than 100 nm is placed on a photonic band gap structure, surface plasmons can be excited and propagate along two side-walls of the silver nanowire. Although the diameter of the silver nanowire is far below the diffraction limit, two bright lines can be clearly observed at the image plane by a standard wide-field optical microscope. Simulations suggest that the two bright lines in the far-field are caused by the unique phase distribution of plasmons on the two side-walls of the silver nanowire. Combining with the sensing ability of surface plasmons to its environment, the configuration reported in this work is capable of functioning as a sensing platform to monitor environmental changes in the near-field region of this ultrathin nanowire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Xiang
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, College of Photonic and Electronic Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China
| | - Junxue Chen
- College of Science, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Xi Tang
- Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, Institute of Photonics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Ruxue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, China
| | - Qiwen Zhan
- Department of Electro-Optics and Photonics, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, OH, 45469-2951, USA
- School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Joseph R. Lakowicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Fluorescence Spectroscopy, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 725 West Lombard St., Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Douguo Zhang
- Corresponding author: Douguo Zhang, Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, Institute of Photonics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China,
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