1
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Wood AA, McCloskey DJ, Dontschuk N, Lozovoi A, Goldblatt RM, Delord T, Broadway DA, Tetienne JP, Johnson BC, Mitchell KT, Lew CTK, Meriles CA, Martin AM. 3D-Mapping and Manipulation of Photocurrent in an Optoelectronic Diamond Device. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2405338. [PMID: 39177116 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202405338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Establishing connections between material impurities and charge transport properties in emerging electronic and quantum materials, such as wide-bandgap semiconductors, demands new diagnostic methods tailored to these unique systems. Many such materials host optically-active defect centers which offer a powerful in situ characterization system, but one that typically relies on the weak spin-electric field coupling to measure electronic phenomena. In this work, charge-state sensitive optical microscopy is combined with photoelectric detection of an array of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers to directly image the flow of charge carriers inside a diamond optoelectronic device, in 3D and with temporal resolution. Optical control is used to change the charge state of background impurities inside the diamond on-demand, resulting in drastically different current flow such as filamentary channels nucleating from specific, defective regions of the device. Conducting channels that control carrier flow, key steps toward optically reconfigurable, wide-bandgap optoelectronics are then engineered using light. This work might be extended to probe other wide-bandgap semiconductors (SiC, GaN) relevant to present and emerging electronic and quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A Wood
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Daniel J McCloskey
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Nikolai Dontschuk
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Artur Lozovoi
- CUNY-The City College of New York, New York, 10031, USA
| | - Russell M Goldblatt
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Tom Delord
- CUNY-The City College of New York, New York, 10031, USA
| | - David A Broadway
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | | | - Brett C Johnson
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Kaih T Mitchell
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Christopher T-K Lew
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Carlos A Meriles
- CUNY-The City College of New York, New York, 10031, USA
- CUNY - The Graduate Center, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Andy M Martin
- School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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2
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Zhdanov V, Andrzejewski L, Bondareva J, Evlashin S. Comparative analysis: CapEx in diamond mining versus diamond growing, based on open data sources and experimental results. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32817. [PMID: 38975229 PMCID: PMC11225839 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The diamond industry has long been associated with environmental and social problems, ranging from mining practices to ethical concerns related to diamond sourcing. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in lab-grown diamonds as a sustainable alternative for diamond consumers. However, the production of lab-grown diamonds has own challenges. This article examines the capital expenditures per annualized carat of rough diamonds obtained through mining and two fabrication methods: high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) and microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition (MP CVD). Lab-grown diamonds produced using HPHT and MP CVD methods require significantly higher capital expenditures per annualized carat compare to mined diamonds. HPHT diamonds require on-time CapEx of 500-833 US$ per carat annually, while MP CVD diamonds demand 549-1648 US$ per carat annually. Finding ways to reduce production cost and increase efficiency will be crucial in realizing the potential of lab-grown diamonds as a sustainable alternative to mined diamonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav Zhdanov
- Higher School of Economics, 20 Myasnitskaya st., Moscow, 101000, Russia
| | | | - Julia Bondareva
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 30, Bolshoy Blvd, Moscow, 121205, Russia
| | - Stanislav Evlashin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 30, Bolshoy Blvd, Moscow, 121205, Russia
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3
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Lee G, Go DB, O'Brien CP. Nonthermal Plasma-Stimulated C-N Coupling from CH 4 and N 2 Depends on the Presence of Surface CH x and Plasma-Phase CN Species. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:28367-28378. [PMID: 38769612 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Formation of C-N containing compounds from plasma-catalytic coupling of CH4 and N2 over various transition metals (Ni, Pd, Cu, Ag, and Au) is investigated using a multimodal spectroscopic approach, combining polarization-modulation infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRAS) and optical emission spectroscopy (OES). Through sequential experiments utilizing CH4 and N2 nonthermal plasmas, we minimize plasma-phase reactions and identify key intermediates for C-N coupling on metal surfaces. Results show that simultaneous CH4 and N2 exposure with plasma stimulation produces surface C-N species. However, N2-CH4 sequential exposure does not lead to C-N species formation, while CH4-N2 sequential exposure reveals the presence of CHx surface species and CN radical species as key precursors to C-N species formation. From further analysis using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, the influence of exposure conditions on the degree of nitrogen incorporation and the nature of C-N species formed were revealed. The work highlights the importance of surface chemistry and exposure conditions in surface C-N coupling with plasma stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garam Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - David B Go
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Casey P O'Brien
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
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4
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Garcia‐Arellano G, López‐Morales GI, Manson NB, Flick J, Wood AA, Meriles CA. Photo-Induced Charge State Dynamics of the Neutral and Negatively Charged Silicon Vacancy Centers in Room-Temperature Diamond. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308814. [PMID: 38475912 PMCID: PMC11165459 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The silicon vacancy (SiV) center in diamond is drawing much attention due to its optical and spin properties, attractive for quantum information processing and sensing. Comparatively little is known, however, about the dynamics governing SiV charge state interconversion mainly due to challenges associated with generating, stabilizing, and characterizing all possible charge states, particularly at room temperature. Here, multi-color confocal microscopy and density functional theory are used to examine photo-induced SiV recombination - from neutral, to single-, to double-negatively charged - over a broad spectral window in chemical-vapor-deposition (CVD) diamond under ambient conditions. For the SiV0 to SiV- transition, a linear growth of the photo-recombination rate with laser power at all observed wavelengths is found, a hallmark of single photon dynamics. Laser excitation of SiV‒, on the other hand, yields only fractional recombination into SiV2‒, a finding that is interpreted in terms of a photo-activated electron tunneling process from proximal nitrogen atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - N. B. Manson
- Department of Quantum Science and TechnologyResearch School of PhysicsAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia
| | - J. Flick
- Department of PhysicsCUNY‐City College of New YorkNew YorkNY10031USA
- CUNY‐Graduate CenterNew YorkNY10016USA
- Center for Computational Quantum PhysicsFlatiron InstituteNew YorkNY10010USA
| | - A. A. Wood
- School of PhysicsThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC3010Australia
| | - C. A. Meriles
- Department of PhysicsCUNY‐City College of New YorkNew YorkNY10031USA
- CUNY‐Graduate CenterNew YorkNY10016USA
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5
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Rikiyama K, Maehara N, Abe H, Nishimura Y, Yukawa H, Kaminaga K, Igarashi R, Osada K. Quantification of Poly(ethylene glycol) Crowding on Nanodiamonds toward Quantum Biosensor for Improved Prevention Effects on Protein Adsorption and Lung Accumulation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:9471-9480. [PMID: 38649324 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Nanometer-sized diamonds (NDs) containing nitrogen vacancy centers have garnered significant attention as potential quantum sensors for reading various types of physicochemical information in vitro and in vivo. However, NDs intrinsically aggregate when placed in biological environments, hampering their sensing capacities. To address this issue, the grafting of hydrophilic polymers onto the surface of NDs has been demonstrated considering their excellent ability to prevent protein adsorption. To this end, crowding of the grafted chains plays a crucial role because it is directly associated with the antiadsorption effect of proteins; however, its quantitative evaluation has not been reported previously. In this study, we graft poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) with various molecular weights onto NDs, determine their crowding using a gas adsorption technique, and disclose the cross-correlation between the pH in the grafting reaction, crowding density, molecular weight, and the prevention effect on protein adsorption. PEG-grafted NDs exhibit a pronounced effect on the prevention of lung accumulation after intravenous injection in mice. PEG crowding was compared to that calculated by using a diameter determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS) assuming a sphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Rikiyama
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Nanami Maehara
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Japan Women's University, 2-8-1 Mejirodai, Bunkyo, Tokyo 112-8681, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Abe
- Foundational Quantum Technology Research Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - Yushi Nishimura
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yukawa
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- Department of Quantum Life Science, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Yayoi-cho 1-33, Inageku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Kiichi Kaminaga
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Ryuji Igarashi
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Kensuke Osada
- Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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6
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Ghasemlou M, Pn N, Alexander K, Zavabeti A, Sherrell PC, Ivanova EP, Adhikari B, Naebe M, Bhargava SK. Fluorescent Nanocarbons: From Synthesis and Structure to Cancer Imaging and Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312474. [PMID: 38252677 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Nanocarbons are emerging at the forefront of nanoscience, with diverse carbon nanoforms emerging over the past two decades. Early cancer diagnosis and therapy, driven by advanced chemistry techniques, play a pivotal role in mitigating mortality rates associated with cancer. Nanocarbons, with an attractive combination of well-defined architectures, biocompatibility, and nanoscale dimension, offer an incredibly versatile platform for cancer imaging and therapy. This paper aims to review the underlying principles regarding the controllable synthesis, fluorescence origins, cellular toxicity, and surface functionalization routes of several classes of nanocarbons: carbon nanodots, nanodiamonds, carbon nanoonions, and carbon nanohorns. This review also highlights recent breakthroughs regarding the green synthesis of different nanocarbons from renewable sources. It also presents a comprehensive and unified overview of the latest cancer-related applications of nanocarbons and how they can be designed to interface with biological systems and work as cancer diagnostics and therapeutic tools. The commercial status for large-scale manufacturing of nanocarbons is also presented. Finally, it proposes future research opportunities aimed at engendering modifiable and high-performance nanocarbons for emerging applications across medical industries. This work is envisioned as a cornerstone to guide interdisciplinary teams in crafting fluorescent nanocarbons with tailored attributes that can revolutionize cancer diagnostics and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Ghasemlou
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
- Center for Sustainable Products, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Navya Pn
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Katia Alexander
- School of Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Ali Zavabeti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Peter C Sherrell
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Elena P Ivanova
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Benu Adhikari
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Minoo Naebe
- Carbon Nexus, Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Suresh K Bhargava
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Materials and Industrial Chemistry (CAMIC), School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
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7
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Shames A, Panich A, Friedlander L, Cohen H, Butler J, Moreh R. Magnetic Resonance Study of Bulky CVD Diamond Disc. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1871. [PMID: 38673228 PMCID: PMC11052513 DOI: 10.3390/ma17081871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Diamonds produced using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) have found many applications in various fields of science and technology. Many applications involve polycrystalline CVD diamond films of micron thicknesses. However, a variety of optical, thermal, mechanical, and radiation sensing applications require more bulky CVD diamond samples. We report the results of a magnetic resonance and structural study of a thick, sizable polycrystalline CVD diamond disc, both as-prepared and treated with e-beam irradiation/high-temperature annealing, as well as gamma irradiation. The combination of various magnetic resonance techniques reveals and enables the attribution of a plentiful collection of paramagnetic defects of doublet and triplet spin origin. Analysis of spectra, electron, and nuclear spin relaxation, as well as nuclear spin diffusion, supports the conclusion of significant macro- and micro-inhomogeneities in the distribution of nitrogen-related defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Shames
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (A.S.)
| | - Alexander Panich
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (A.S.)
| | - Lonia Friedlander
- Ilse Katz Institute for Nano-Scale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Haim Cohen
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Exact Science, Ariel University, Ariel 4077625, Israel
| | - James Butler
- Cubic Carbon Ceramics, Huntingtown, MD 20639, USA
| | - Raymond Moreh
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel; (A.S.)
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8
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Hasan MM, Wang C, Pala N, Shur M. Diamond for High-Power, High-Frequency, and Terahertz Plasma Wave Electronics. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:460. [PMID: 38470789 DOI: 10.3390/nano14050460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
High thermal conductivity and a high breakdown field make diamond a promising candidate for high-power and high-temperature semiconductor devices. Diamond also has a higher radiation hardness than silicon. Recent studies show that diamond has exceptionally large electron and hole momentum relaxation times, facilitating compact THz and sub-THz plasmonic sources and detectors working at room temperature and elevated temperatures. The plasmonic resonance quality factor in diamond TeraFETs could be larger than unity for the 240-600 GHz atmospheric window, which could make them viable for 6G communications applications. This paper reviews the potential and challenges of diamond technology, showing that diamond might augment silicon for high-power and high-frequency compact devices with special advantages for extreme environments and high-frequency applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chunlei Wang
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Nezih Pala
- Electrical & Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, USA
| | - Michael Shur
- Electrical, Computer and Systems Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
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9
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Nir-Arad O, Shlomi DH, Manukovsky N, Laster E, Kaminker I. Nitrogen Substitutions Aggregation and Clustering in Diamonds as Revealed by High-Field Electron Paramagnetic Resonance. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:5100-5107. [PMID: 38112440 PMCID: PMC10910503 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Diamonds have been shown to be an excellent platform for quantum computing and quantum sensing applications. These applications are enabled by the presence of defects in the lattice, which are also known as color centers. The most common nitrogen-based defect in synthetic diamonds is the paramagnetic nitrogen substitution (P1) center. While the majority of quantum applications rely on nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers, the properties of the latter are heavily influenced by the presence and the spatial distribution of the P1 centers. Hence, understanding the spatial distribution and mutual interactions of P1 centers is crucial for the successful development of diamond-based quantum devices. Unlike NV centers, P1 centers do not have a spin-dependent optical signature, and their spin-related properties, therefore, have to be detected and characterized using magnetic resonance methods. We show that using high-field (6.9 and 13.8 T) pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) experiments, we can distinguish and quantify three distinct populations of P1 centers: isolated P1 centers, weakly interacting ones, and exchange-coupled ones that are clustered together. While such clustering was suggested before, these clusters were never detected directly and unambiguously. Moreover, by using electron-electron double resonance (ELDOR) pump-probe experiments, we demonstrate that the latter clustered population does not exist in isolation but coexists with the more weakly interacting P1 centers throughout the diamond lattice. Its presence thus strongly affects the quantum properties of the diamond. We also show that the existence of this population can explain recent hyperpolarization results in type Ib high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) diamonds. We propose a combination of high-field pulsed EPR, ELDOR, and DNP as a tool for probing the aggregation state and interactions among different populations of nitrogen substitution centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orit Nir-Arad
- School of Chemistry, Faculty
of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - David H. Shlomi
- School of Chemistry, Faculty
of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Nurit Manukovsky
- School of Chemistry, Faculty
of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Eyal Laster
- School of Chemistry, Faculty
of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Ilia Kaminker
- School of Chemistry, Faculty
of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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10
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Dong X, Wei Z, Wang T, An Y. Insulator-to-metal transition in the black diamond from molecular-dynamics-Landauer method. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:3826-3834. [PMID: 38297595 DOI: 10.1364/oe.515361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The critical condition and mechanism of the insulator-to-metal transition (IMT) for the black diamond were studied by the molecular-dynamics-Landauer method. The IMT will occur at sufficiently high contents of vacancies in the diamond. The critical concentration of vacancies for the IMT might be between V:C143 (0.69%) and V:C127 (0.78%). At a low concentration of vacancies (below 0.69%), the intermediate band (IB) consists of a filled band and a separate empty band, which makes the material to be an insulator. The IMT of the black diamond is due to the mergence between the two isolated IBs when the concentration of vacancies is high, and the merged IB is partially filled by electrons. The distribution of vacancies also influences the IMT of the black diamond.
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11
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Teraji T, Shinei C, Masuyama Y, Miyakawa M, Taniguchi T. Nitrogen concentration control during diamond growth for NV - centre formation. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2024; 382:20220322. [PMID: 38043575 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2022.0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV-) centres formed in diamond crystals are point defects that have potential applications in various quantum devices such as highly sensitive magnetic sensors. To improve the sensitivity of magnetic sensors using NV- centres, it is essential to precisely control the nitrogen concentration in the crystals. In this paper, we demonstrated that nitrogen concentration in diamond can be controlled with high precision for the following two representative growth methods. One is the high-pressure/high-temperature (HPHT) synthesis method and the other is the chemical vapour deposition (CVD) method. The nitrogen concentration of HPHT-grown diamond decreased semi-logarithmically with increasing contents of titanium or aluminium as nitrogen getter materials. The nitrogen concentration of CVD-grown diamond increased linearly with increasing the flow rate ratio of nitrogen to carbon. NV- centres were formed by controlling the total fluence of electron beams so that approximately 20% of the nitrogen became NV- centres. The coherence time of electron spin of NV- centres obtained by the Hahn-echo pulse sequence T2 of these diamond crystals was inversely proportional to the nitrogen concentration. A comparison of T2 of the NV- centres for HPHT-synthesized and CVD-grown diamonds showed no significant difference between them. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Diamond for quantum applications'.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Teraji
- Research Center for Electronic and Optical Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - C Shinei
- Research Center for Electronic and Optical Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Y Masuyama
- Quantum Materials and Applications Research Center, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki-machi, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan
| | - M Miyakawa
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - T Taniguchi
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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12
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Song Y, Lin X, Yu S, Bu Y, Song X. Hydrogen-migration governed dynamic magnetic coupling characteristics in nitrogen-vacancy-hydrogen nanodiamonds. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:25818-25827. [PMID: 37724461 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02875e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
The nitrogen-vacancy center doped with hydrogen (NVH) is one of the most common defects in diamonds, and the doping of hydrogen is known to enable mobility among three equivalent C-radicals in the defect, which noticeably affects the spin coupling among the radicals. Here, we for the first time uncover the dynamic nature of magnetic coupling induced by H-migration in the NVH center of nanodiamonds, using spin-polarized density functional theory calculations and enhanced sampling metadynamics simulations. The mobility of doping H enables the interior NVH region to become a variable magnetic space (antiferromagnetic/AFM versus ferromagnetic/FM). That is, the dynamic H has three frequently reachable binding C sites where H enables the center to exhibit variable AFM coupling (high up to J = -1282 cm-1) and that in other H-reachable regions including N sites, it enables the center to exhibit FM coupling (high up to J = 598 cm-1). The magnetic switching (AFM ↔ FM) and strength fluctuation strongly depend on the H-position which can adjust the ratio of the C radical orbitals in their mixing orbitals for a special three-electron three-center covalent C⋯H⋯C H-bonding and radical orbital distributions. Clearly, this work provides insights into the dynamic switching of magnetic coupling in such multi-radical centers of defect nanodiamonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamin Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuexing Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shaofen Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuxiang Bu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xinyu Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Berzins A, Smits J, Petruhins A, Rimsa R, Mozolevskis G, Zubkins M, Fescenko I. NV microscopy of thermally controlled stresses caused by thin Cr 2O 3 films. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:17950-17963. [PMID: 37381516 DOI: 10.1364/oe.489901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Many modern applications, including quantum computing and quantum sensing, use substrate-film interfaces. Particularly, thin films of chromium or titanium and their oxides are commonly used to bind various structures, such as resonators, masks, or microwave antennas, to a diamond surface. Due to different thermal expansions of involved materials, such films and structures could produce significant stresses, which need to be measured or predicted. In this paper, we demonstrate imaging of stresses in the top layer of diamond with deposited structures of Cr2O3 at temperatures 19°C and 37°C by using stress-sensitive optically detected magnetic resonances (ODMR) in NV centers. We also calculated stresses in the diamond-film interface by using finite-element analysis and correlated them to measured ODMR frequency shifts. As predicted by the simulation, the measured high-contrast frequency-shift patterns are only due to thermal stresses, whose spin-stress coupling constant along the NV axis is 21±1 MHz/GPa, that is in agreement with constants previously obtained from single NV centers in diamond cantilever. We demonstrate that NV microscopy is a convenient platform for optically detecting and quantifying spatial distributions of stresses in diamond-based photonic devices with micrometer precision and propose thin films as a means for local application of temperature-controlled stresses. Our results also show that thin-film structures produce significant stresses in diamond substrates, which should be accounted for in NV-based applications.
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14
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Segawa TF, Igarashi R. Nanoscale quantum sensing with Nitrogen-Vacancy centers in nanodiamonds - A magnetic resonance perspective. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 134-135:20-38. [PMID: 37321756 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanodiamonds containing fluorescent Nitrogen-Vacancy (NV) centers are the smallest single particles, of which a magnetic resonance spectrum can be recorded at room temperature using optically-detected magnetic resonance (ODMR). By recording spectral shift or changes in relaxation rates, various physical and chemical quantities can be measured such as the magnetic field, orientation, temperature, radical concentration, pH or even NMR. This turns NV-nanodiamonds into nanoscale quantum sensors, which can be read out by a sensitive fluorescence microscope equipped with an additional magnetic resonance upgrade. In this review, we introduce the field of ODMR spectroscopy of NV-nanodiamonds and how it can be used to sense different quantities. Thereby we highlight both, the pioneering contributions and the latest results (covered until 2021) with a focus on biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya F Segawa
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland; Laboratory for Solid State Physics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Ryuji Igarashi
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 4-9-1, Anagawa, Inage-Ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; Takasaki Advanced Radiation Research Institute, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 1233 Watanuki, Takasaki, Gunma 370-1292, Japan; JST, PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Japan.
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15
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Platonenko A, Mackrodt WC, Dovesi R. The Electronic Structures and Energies of the Lowest Excited States of the N s0, N s+, N s- and N s-H Defects in Diamond. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:1979. [PMID: 36903094 PMCID: PMC10004692 DOI: 10.3390/ma16051979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the energies and charge and spin distributions of the mono-substituted N defects, N0s, N+s, N-s and Ns-H in diamonds from direct Δ-SCF calculations based on Gaussian orbitals within the B3LYP function. These predict that (i) Ns0, Ns+ and Ns- all absorb in the region of the strong optical absorption at 270 nm (4.59 eV) reported by Khan et al., with the individual contributions dependent on the experimental conditions; (ii) Ns-H, or some other impurity, is responsible for the weak optical peak at 360 nm (3.44 eV); and that Ns+ is the source of the 520 nm (2.38 eV) absorption. All excitations below the absorption edge of the diamond host are predicted to be excitonic, with substantial re-distributions of charge and spin. The present calculations support the suggestion by Jones et al. that Ns+ contributes to, and in the absence of Ns0 is responsible for, the 4.59 eV optical absorption in N-doped diamonds. The semi-conductivity of the N-doped diamond is predicted to rise from a spin-flip thermal excitation of a CN hybrid orbital of the donor band resulting from multiple in-elastic phonon scattering. Calculations of the self-trapped exciton in the vicinity of Ns0 indicate that it is essentially a local defect consisting of an N and four nn C atoms, and that beyond these the host lattice is essential a pristine diamond as predicted by Ferrari et al. from the calculated EPR hyperfine constants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Platonenko
- Institute of Solid State Physics, University of Latvia, 8 Kengaraga Street, LV-1063 Riga, Latvia
| | - William C. Mackrodt
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via P. Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Roberto Dovesi
- Accademia delle Scienze di Torino, Via Accademia delle Scienze 6, 10123 Torino, Italy
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16
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Leung HM, Chu HC, Mao ZW, Lo PK. Versatile nanodiamond-based tools for therapeutics and bioimaging. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:2039-2055. [PMID: 36723092 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06495b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanodiamonds (NDs) are a remarkable class of carbon-based nanoparticles in nanomedicine which have recently become a hot topic of research due to their unique features including functionalization versatility, tunable opto-magnetic properties, chemical stability, minimal cytotoxicity, high affinity to biomolecules and biocompatibility. These attractive features make NDs versatile tools for a wide range of biologically relevant applications. In this feature article, we discuss the opto-magnetic properties of negatively charged nitrogen vacancy (NV-) centres in NDs as fluorescence probes. We further discuss the frequently used chemical methods for surface chemistry modification of NDs which are relevant for biomedical applications. The in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of modified NDs is also highlighted. Subsequently, we give an overview of recent state-of-the-art biomedical applications of NDs as versatile tools for bioimaging and detection, and as targeting nanocarriers for chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, gene therapy, antimicrobial and antiviral therapy, and bone tissue engineering. Finally, we pinpoint the main challenges for NDs in biomedical applications which lie ahead and discuss perspectives on future directions in advancing the field for practical applications and clinical translations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoi Man Leung
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Hoi Ching Chu
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Zheng-Wei Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Pik Kwan Lo
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China. .,Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
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17
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Kudryashov S, Danilov P, Smirnov N, Krasin G, Khmelnitskii R, Kovalchuk O, Kriulina G, Martovitskiy V, Lednev V, Sdvizhenskii P, Gulina Y, Rimskaya E, Kuzmin E, Chen J, Kovalev M, Levchenko A. "Stealth Scripts": Ultrashort Pulse Laser Luminescent Microscale Encoding of Bulk Diamonds via Ultrafast Multi-Scale Atomistic Structural Transformations. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:192. [PMID: 36616102 PMCID: PMC9824049 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The ultrashort-laser photoexcitation and structural modification of buried atomistic optical impurity centers in crystalline diamonds are the key enabling processes in the fabrication of ultrasensitive robust spectroscopic probes of electrical, magnetic, stress, temperature fields, and single-photon nanophotonic devices, as well as in "stealth" luminescent nano/microscale encoding in natural diamonds for their commercial tracing. Despite recent remarkable advances in ultrashort-laser predetermined generation of primitive optical centers in diamonds even on the single-center level, the underlying multi-scale basic processes, rather similar to other semiconductors and dielectrics, are almost uncovered due to the multitude of the involved multi-scale ultrafast and spatially inhomogeneous optical, electronic, thermal, and structural elementary events. We enlighten non-linear wavelength-, polarization-, intensity-, pulsewidth-, and focusing-dependent photoexcitation and energy deposition mechanisms in diamonds, coupled to the propagation of ultrashort laser pulses and ultrafast off-focus energy transport by electron-hole plasma, transient plasma- and hot-phonon-induced stress generation and the resulting variety of diverse structural atomistic modifications in the diamond lattice. Our findings pave the way for new forthcoming groundbreaking experiments and comprehensive enlightening two-temperature and/or atomistic modeling both in diamonds and other semiconductor/dielectric materials, as well as innovative technological breakthroughs in the field of single-photon source fabrication and "stealth" luminescent nano/microencoding in bulk diamonds for their commercial tracing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Oleg Kovalchuk
- Lebedev Physical Institute, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Geo-Scientific Research Enterprise Public Joint Stock Company «ALROSA», 678175 Mirny, Russia
| | - Galina Kriulina
- Lebedev Physical Institute, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Geology Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119899 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Vasily Lednev
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Yulia Gulina
- Lebedev Physical Institute, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Jiajun Chen
- Lebedev Physical Institute, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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18
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Yang T, Azuma T, Huang Y, Hui YY, Chiang C, Chang H. Stimulated emission cross sections and
temperature‐dependent
spectral shifts of neutral
nitrogen‐vacancy
centers in diamonds. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202200501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teng‐I Yang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan
| | - Terumitsu Azuma
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yu‐Wen Huang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yuen Yung Hui
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan
| | - Cheng‐Tien Chiang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Physics National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Huan‐Cheng Chang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry National Taiwan Normal University Taipei Taiwan
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19
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Yang TI, Huang YW, Bista P, Ding CF, Chen J, Chiang CT, Chang HC. Photoluminescence of Nitrogen-Vacancy Centers by Ultraviolet One- and Two-Photon Excitation of Fluorescent Nanodiamonds. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:11280-11287. [PMID: 36449371 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent nanodiamonds contain nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers as quantum defects. When exposed to a continuous-wave 325 nm laser or a femtosecond 344 nm laser, the particles emit red fluorescence from NV0 centers at ∼620 nm. Power dependence measurements of the emission strength revealed a predominantly linear behavior at the laser peak intensity lower than 1 GW·cm-2, contributed mainly by photoexcitation of electrons from the valence band of diamond to the NV0 centers, followed by relaxation via electron-hole recombination. In the higher power regions, however, nonresonant two-photon interband excitation of the diamond matrix dominates the photoluminescence processes. Best fits of the experimental data to semiempirical models revealed an ionization coefficient of ∼1 cm-1 for the one-photon valence-to-defect excitation and a saturation intensity of 180 ± 60 GW·cm-2 for the two-photon interband excitation. The study provides new insight into the photoionization of NV0 centers and the interband excitation properties of diamond in the UV region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng-I Yang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Huang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei10617, Taiwan
| | - Prabesh Bista
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei10617, Taiwan
- Molecular Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei10617, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Central University, Taoyuan320317, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Fang Ding
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei10617, Taiwan
- Department of Biomechatronic Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei10617, Taiwan
| | - Jeson Chen
- Department of Electric Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City242062, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Tien Chiang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei10617, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei10617, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Cheng Chang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei10617, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei10617, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei10617, Taiwan
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20
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Keat TJ, Coxon DJL, Staniforth M, Dale MW, Stavros VG, Newton ME, Lloyd-Hughes J. Dephasing Dynamics across Different Local Vibrational Modes and Crystalline Environments. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:237401. [PMID: 36563209 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.237401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The perturbed free induction decay (PFID) observed in ultrafast infrared spectroscopy was used to unveil the rates at which different vibrational modes of the same atomic-scale defect can interact with their environment. The N_{3}VH^{0} defect in diamond provided a model system, allowing a comparison of stretch and bend vibrational modes within different crystal lattice environments. The observed bend mode (first overtone) exhibited dephasing times T_{2}=2.8(1) ps, while the fundamental stretch mode had surprisingly faster dynamics T_{2}<1.7 ps driven by its more direct perturbation of the crystal lattice, with increased phonon coupling. Further, at high defect concentrations the stretch mode's dephasing rate was enhanced. The ability to reliably measure T_{2} via PFID provides vital insights into how vibrational systems interact with their local environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Keat
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Warwick Centre for Doctoral Training in Diamond Science and Technology, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - D J L Coxon
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Diamond Science and Technology, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - M Staniforth
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - M W Dale
- De Beers Group, Belmont Road, Maidenhead SL6 6JW, United Kingdom
| | - V G Stavros
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - M E Newton
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Warwick Centre for Doctoral Training in Diamond Science and Technology, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Diamond Science and Technology, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - J Lloyd-Hughes
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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21
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Berzins A, Grube H, Lazda R, Hannig MA, Smits J, Fescenko I. Tunable magnetic field source for magnetic field imaging microscopy. Ultramicroscopy 2022; 242:113624. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2022.113624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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22
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Nanodiamonds as Possible Tools for Improved Management of Bladder Cancer and Bacterial Cystitis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158183. [PMID: 35897760 PMCID: PMC9329713 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanodiamonds (NDs) are a class of carbon nanomaterials with sizes ranging from a few nm to micrometres. Due to their excellent physical, chemical and optical properties, they have recently attracted much attention in biomedicine. In addition, their exceptional biocompatibility and the possibility of precise surface functionalisation offer promising opportunities for biological applications such as cell labelling and imaging, as well as targeted drug delivery. However, using NDs for selective targeting of desired biomolecules within a complex biological system remains challenging. Urinary bladder cancer and bacterial cystitis are major diseases of the bladder with high incidence and poor treatment options. In this review, we present: (i) the synthesis, properties and functionalisation of NDs; (ii) recent advances in the study of various NDs used for better treatment of bladder cancer and (iii) bacterial cystitis; and (iv) the use of NDs in theranostics of these diseases.
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23
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Tailoring the Emission Wavelength of Color Centers in Hexagonal Boron Nitride for Quantum Applications. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12142427. [PMID: 35889651 PMCID: PMC9323195 DOI: 10.3390/nano12142427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Optical quantum technologies promise to revolutionize today’s information processing and sensors. Crucial to many quantum applications are efficient sources of pure single photons. For a quantum emitter to be used in such application, or for different quantum systems to be coupled to each other, the optical emission wavelength of the quantum emitter needs to be tailored. Here, we use density functional theory to calculate and manipulate the transition energy of fluorescent defects in the two-dimensional material hexagonal boron nitride. Our calculations feature the HSE06 functional which allows us to accurately predict the electronic band structures of 267 different defects. Moreover, using strain-tuning we can tailor the optical transition energy of suitable quantum emitters to match precisely that of quantum technology applications. We therefore not only provide a guide to make emitters for a specific application, but also have a promising pathway of tailoring quantum emitters that can couple to other solid-state qubit systems such as color centers in diamond.
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24
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Impact of Helium Ion Implantation Dose and Annealing on Dense Near-Surface Layers of NV Centers. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12132234. [PMID: 35808069 PMCID: PMC9268007 DOI: 10.3390/nano12132234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The implantation of diamonds with helium ions has become a common method to create hundreds-nanometers-thick near-surface layers of NV centers for high-sensitivity sensing and imaging applications; however, optimal implantation dose and annealing temperature are still a matter of discussion. In this study, we irradiated HPHT diamonds with an initial nitrogen concentration of 100 ppm using different implantation doses of helium ions to create 200-nm thick NV layers. We compare a previously considered optimal implantation dose of ∼1012 He+/cm2 to double and triple doses by measuring fluorescence intensity, contrast, and linewidth of magnetic resonances, as well as longitudinal and transversal relaxation times T1 and T2. From these direct measurements, we also estimate concentrations of P1 and NV centers. In addition, we compare the three diamond samples that underwent three consequent annealing steps to quantify the impact of processing at 1100 °C, which follows initial annealing at 800 °C. By tripling the implantation dose, we have increased the magnetic sensitivity of our sensors by 28±5%. By projecting our results to higher implantation doses, we demonstrate that it is possible to achieve a further improvement of up to 70%. At the same time, additional annealing steps at 1100 °C improve the sensitivity only by 6.6 ± 2.7%.
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25
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Zhang Z, Wang Q, Song Y, Bu Y, Song X. Endohedral σ-Diradical Nitrogen-Vacancy Diamond Nanoclusters with a Confined Magnetic Space and Strong Electronic Spin Couplings. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:3174-3184. [PMID: 35561251 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c01709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The electronic properties and their modulations for the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in various nanoscale diamonds are of profound current interest because of their potential applications. However, although the NV centers as chromophores in diamond are the most widely studied, surprisingly, little is known about their magnetic spin coupling properties up to now. Here, we for the first time show, using the spin-polarized DFT calculations, that the NV centers can act as unique endohedral σ-diradical magnets in diamond nanoclusters and exhibit quite strong ferromagnetic (FM) or antiferromagnetic (AFM) spin coupling characteristics due to their unique endotetrahedral structures with favorable radical-radical contacts. Although the neutral NV center (NV0) in its doublet ground state exhibits quite strong AFM spin coupling among three radical C-sites (i.e., an AFM triradical center), interestingly, excess electron injection can convert it to a FM diradical magnet (i.e., the triplet ground state NV-) with almost unchanged J-coupling magnitude, and the J-coupling of the nanocluster can be noticeably enhanced by F-termination of the surface due to triradical spin delocalization mediated by excess electron. However, interior modification (one C in the endotetrahedron core is substituted by N or B or is hydrogenated) can assign the nanocluster perfect AFM diradical character. The spin coupling strength presents a quasilinear correlation with the distance between the two C radicals in the NV core for the same size of the clusters and a high linear correlation with the energy difference between two singly occupied molecular orbitals. Clearly, the FM and AFM couplings as well as their switching behavior in such NV defect diamond nanoclusters featuring the endohedral σ-diradicals are a novel type of promising magnetic material motifs. These findings open up promising spintronic application prospects of the NV diamonds and provide helpful information for the design of inorganic magnetic materials and logic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilu Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yamin Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiang Bu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China
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26
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Chang W, Wang J, Zhang J, Ling Q, Li Y, Wang J. High Performance Gold Nanorods@DNA Self-Assembled Drug-Loading System for Cancer Thermo-Chemotherapy in the Second Near-Infrared Optical Window. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14051110. [PMID: 35631696 PMCID: PMC9145609 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In terms of synergistic cancer therapy, biological nanomaterials with a second near-infrared (NIR-II) window response can greatly increase photothermal effects and photoacoustic imaging performance. Herein, we report a novel stimuli-responsive multifunctional drug-loading system which was constructed by integrating miniature gold nanorods (GNR) as the NIR-II photothermal nanorods and cyclic ternary aptamer (CTA) composition as a carrier for chemotherapy drugs. In this system, doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX, a chemotherapy drug) binds to the G-C base pairs of the CTA, which exhibited a controlled release behavior based on the instability of G-C base pairs in the slightly acidic tumor microenvironment. Upon the 1064 nm (NIR-II biowindow) laser irradiation, the strong photothermal and promoted cargo release properties endow gold nanorods@CTA (GNR@CTA) nanoparticles displaying excellent synergistic anti-cancer effect. Moreover, the GNR@CTA of NIR also possesses thermal imaging and photoacoustic (PA) imaging properties due to the strong NIR region absorbance. This work enables to obtaining a stimuli-responsive “all-in-one” nanocarrier, which are promising candidate for bimodal imaging diagnosis and chemo-photothermal synergistic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; (W.C.); (J.W.); (J.Z.); (Q.L.)
- Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Junfeng Wang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; (W.C.); (J.W.); (J.Z.); (Q.L.)
| | - Jing Zhang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; (W.C.); (J.W.); (J.Z.); (Q.L.)
| | - Qing Ling
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; (W.C.); (J.W.); (J.Z.); (Q.L.)
- Anhui Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - Yumei Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (J.W.); Tel.: +86-(13)-055-271-587 (Y.L.); +86-(13)-055-165-161-176 (J.W.)
| | - Jie Wang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China; (W.C.); (J.W.); (J.Z.); (Q.L.)
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (J.W.); Tel.: +86-(13)-055-271-587 (Y.L.); +86-(13)-055-165-161-176 (J.W.)
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27
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Abstract
The Mengyin diamondiferous kimberlite cluster in Shandong province is one of the three major sources of natural diamond in China, where many brown diamonds are mined, but the genesis of their color is still controversial. In this paper, studies including microscopic examination, optical properties of orthogonal polarization, low temperature photoluminescence spectra, infrared spectra, Raman spectra, ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra, luminescence of cathodoluminescence, and transmission electron microscopy have been carried out on the uncut brown diamonds and their slice samples to constrain on the color genesis of brown diamond from the Mengyin deposit. The results show that the brown color is dominantly caused by plastic deformation, and some samples are also caused by non-deformation-related defects and inclusions.
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28
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Lozovoi A, Vizkelethy G, Bielejec E, Meriles CA. Imaging dark charge emitters in diamond via carrier-to-photon conversion. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabl9402. [PMID: 34995119 PMCID: PMC8741179 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl9402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The application of color centers in wide-bandgap semiconductors to nanoscale sensing and quantum information processing largely rests on our knowledge of the surrounding crystalline lattice, often obscured by the countless classes of point defects the material can host. Here, we monitor the fluorescence from a negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV−) center in diamond as we illuminate its vicinity. Cyclic charge state conversion of neighboring point defects sensitive to the excitation beam leads to a position-dependent stream of photo-generated carriers whose capture by the probe NV− leads to a fluorescence change. This “charge-to-photon” conversion scheme allows us to image other individual point defects surrounding the probe NV, including nonfluorescent “single-charge emitters” that would otherwise remain unnoticed. Given the ubiquity of color center photochromism, this strategy may likely find extensions to material systems other than diamond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur Lozovoi
- Department of Physics, CUNY-City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | | | | | - Carlos A. Meriles
- Department of Physics, CUNY-City College of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
- CUNY-Graduate Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
- Corresponding author.
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29
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Liu YC, Dzeng YC, Ting CC. Nitrogen Vacancy-Centered Diamond Qubit: The Fabrication, Design, and Application in Quantum Computing. IEEE NANOTECHNOLOGY MAGAZINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1109/mnano.2022.3175405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yai-Chi Liu
- Optmic Lab, Walnut, CA 91789 USA, and the Electrical Engineering Department, California State University, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA
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30
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Cai Z, Li M, Chen L, Fang S, Wang Z, Zhao H, Ma H, Jia X. Study on the effect of N–H–O co-doping on diamond growth and its mechanism under HPHT by FeNi solvent. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01666k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of diamonds with rich nitrogen (N), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) elements is a hot topic that needs to be solved in current research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghao Cai
- State Key Lab of Super-hard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Ming Li
- State Key Lab of Super-hard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Liangchao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Material Physics of Ministry of Education and School of Physical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Shuai Fang
- State Key Lab of Super-hard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- State Key Lab of Super-hard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- State Key Lab of Super-hard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Hongan Ma
- State Key Lab of Super-hard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaopeng Jia
- State Key Lab of Super-hard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China
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31
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Lin X, Bu Y. Magnetic couplings and applied electric field regulation in diradical SiC defect diamond-like nanoclusters. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01909d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We computationally characterize the diradical characters and explore the magnetic spin coupling characteristics of SiC defect diamond-like nanoclusters and their regulation by applied electric field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexing Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yuxiang Bu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
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32
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D W B, Osipov VY, Takai K. Long range interactions and related carbon-carbon bond reconstruction between interior and surface defects in nanodiamonds. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:14592-14600. [PMID: 34164634 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05914e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Interactions between interior substitutional nitrogen defects and surface unsaturated dangling bonds in synthetic nanodiamonds of ∼25 nm size were explored experimentally and theoretically. The experimental results demonstrate the disappearance of the specific paramagnetism of nitrogen centers in the smallest nanoparticles isolated after processing large micron diamonds in a ball mill, accompanied by the formation of unsaturated surface dangling bonds and internal defects. First principles modelling confirms the vanishing of the magnetic moments related with nitrogen centers even for distances from the surface defects greater than 1 nm. To understand this effect, we consider a bond reconstruction scheme with the formation of several carbon-carbon double bonds in the area between the interior and surface point defects. The scheme is in agreement with the changes in electron density through the distance between the two defects. The developed approach can be used to describe the interactions between various defects in carbon-based systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boukhvalov D W
- College of Science, Institute of Materials Physics and Chemistry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China. and Institute of Physics and Technology, Ural Federal University, Mira 19 Str., 620002, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - V Yu Osipov
- Ioffe Institute, Polytechnicheskaya 26, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia
| | - K Takai
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, Hosei University, 3-7-2, Kajino, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8584, Japan
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33
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Zhang T, Pramanik G, Zhang K, Gulka M, Wang L, Jing J, Xu F, Li Z, Wei Q, Cigler P, Chu Z. Toward Quantitative Bio-sensing with Nitrogen-Vacancy Center in Diamond. ACS Sens 2021; 6:2077-2107. [PMID: 34038091 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The long-dreamed-of capability of monitoring the molecular machinery in living systems has not been realized yet, mainly due to the technical limitations of current sensing technologies. However, recently emerging quantum sensors are showing great promise for molecular detection and imaging. One of such sensing qubits is the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center, a photoluminescent impurity in a diamond lattice with unique room-temperature optical and spin properties. This atomic-sized quantum emitter has the ability to quantitatively measure nanoscale electromagnetic fields via optical means at ambient conditions. Moreover, the unlimited photostability of NV centers, combined with the excellent diamond biocompatibility and the possibility of diamond nanoparticles internalization into the living cells, makes NV-based sensors one of the most promising and versatile platforms for various life-science applications. In this review, we will summarize the latest developments of NV-based quantum sensing with a focus on biomedical applications, including measurements of magnetic biomaterials, intracellular temperature, localized physiological species, action potentials, and electronic and nuclear spins. We will also outline the main unresolved challenges and provide future perspectives of many promising aspects of NV-based bio-sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Goutam Pramanik
- UGC DAE Consortium for Scientific Research, Kolkata Centre, Sector III, LB-8, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Michal Gulka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jixiang Jing
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zifu Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry and Materia Medical, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065 Chengdu, China
| | - Petr Cigler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 166 10 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zhiqin Chu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Joint Appointment with School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
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34
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Jung HS, Neuman KC. Surface Modification of Fluorescent Nanodiamonds for Biological Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:E153. [PMID: 33435443 PMCID: PMC7826955 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) are a new class of carbon nanomaterials that offer great promise for biological applications such as cell labeling, imaging, and sensing due to their exceptional optical properties and biocompatibility. Implementation of these applications requires reliable and precise surface functionalization. Although diamonds are generally considered inert, they typically possess diverse surface groups that permit a range of different functionalization strategies. This review provides an overview of nanodiamond surface functionalization methods including homogeneous surface termination approaches (hydrogenation, halogenation, amination, oxidation, and reduction), in addition to covalent and non-covalent surface modification with different functional moieties. Furthermore, the subsequent coupling of biomolecules onto functionalized nanodiamonds is reviewed. Finally, biomedical applications of nanodiamonds are discussed in the context of functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keir C. Neuman
- Laboratory of Single Molecule Biophysics, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
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35
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Mu P, Zhou G, Chen L, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Shen W, Wang Q, Wan B, Fang C, Jia X. Effect of Ni 2O 3 on diamond crystal growth in an Fe–Ni–C system under high temperature and high pressure. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce01773f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the oxygen-containing diamond large single crystals were successfully synthesized by adding Ni2O3 to the Fe–Ni–C system under HPHT. The oxygen affects the P–T conditions for diamond synthesis, and morphology of diamond.
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36
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Fang S, Wang Y, Chen L, Lu Z, Cai Z, Fang C, Zhao Z, Ma H, Jia X. The effect of pressure on synthetic diamond crystals at high temperatures and pressures in an Fe/Ni catalyst system. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce01452d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pressure is a necessary condition for the growth of natural diamond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- College of Physics
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Yongkui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- College of Physics
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Liangchao Chen
- School of Physics and Microelectronics
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450052
- China
| | - Zhiyun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- College of Physics
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Zhenghao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- College of Physics
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Chao Fang
- School of Physics and Microelectronics
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450052
- China
| | - Zhandong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- College of Physics
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Hongan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- College of Physics
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Xiaopeng Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- College of Physics
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
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37
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Fang S, Cai Z, Wang Y, Lu Z, Fang C, Zhao Z, Ma H, Chen L, Jia X. Growth and characterization of diamond single crystals grown in the Fe–S–C system by the temperature gradient method. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce01548b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Diagram of the apparatus for the HPHT diamond synthesis: (a) alloy hammer + pyrophyllite assembly block; (b) sample assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- College of Physics
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Zhenghao Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- College of Physics
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Yongkui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- College of Physics
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Zhiyun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- College of Physics
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Chao Fang
- School of Physics and Microelectronics
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450052
- China
| | - Zhandong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- College of Physics
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Hongan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- College of Physics
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Liangchao Chen
- School of Physics and Microelectronics
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou 450052
- China
| | - Xiaopeng Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials
- College of Physics
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
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38
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Head-Marsden K, Flick J, Ciccarino CJ, Narang P. Quantum Information and Algorithms for Correlated Quantum Matter. Chem Rev 2020; 121:3061-3120. [PMID: 33326218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Discoveries in quantum materials, which are characterized by the strongly quantum-mechanical nature of electrons and atoms, have revealed exotic properties that arise from correlations. It is the promise of quantum materials for quantum information science superimposed with the potential of new computational quantum algorithms to discover new quantum materials that inspires this Review. We anticipate that quantum materials to be discovered and developed in the next years will transform the areas of quantum information processing including communication, storage, and computing. Simultaneously, efforts toward developing new quantum algorithmic approaches for quantum simulation and advanced calculation methods for many-body quantum systems enable major advances toward functional quantum materials and their deployment. The advent of quantum computing brings new possibilities for eliminating the exponential complexity that has stymied simulation of correlated quantum systems on high-performance classical computers. Here, we review new algorithms and computational approaches to predict and understand the behavior of correlated quantum matter. The strongly interdisciplinary nature of the topics covered necessitates a common language to integrate ideas from these fields. We aim to provide this common language while weaving together fields across electronic structure theory, quantum electrodynamics, algorithm design, and open quantum systems. Our Review is timely in presenting the state-of-the-art in the field toward algorithms with nonexponential complexity for correlated quantum matter with applications in grand-challenge problems. Looking to the future, at the intersection of quantum information science and algorithms for correlated quantum matter, we envision seminal advances in predicting many-body quantum states and describing excitonic quantum matter and large-scale entangled states, a better understanding of high-temperature superconductivity, and quantifying open quantum system dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kade Head-Marsden
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Johannes Flick
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, New York, New York 10010, United States
| | - Christopher J Ciccarino
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Prineha Narang
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
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39
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Coxon DJL, Staniforth M, Breeze BG, Greenough SE, Goss JP, Monti M, Lloyd-Hughes J, Stavros VG, Newton ME. An Ultrafast Shakedown Reveals the Energy Landscape, Relaxation Dynamics, and Concentration of the N 3VH 0 Defect in Diamond. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:6677-6683. [PMID: 32680426 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Atomic-scale defects can control the exploitable optoelectronic performance of crystalline materials, and several point defects in diamond are emerging functional components for a range of quantum technologies. Nitrogen and hydrogen are common impurities incorporated into diamond, and there is a family of defects that includes both. The N3VH0 defect is a lattice vacancy where three nearest neighbor carbon atoms are replaced with nitrogen atoms and a hydrogen is bonded to the remaining carbon. It is regularly observed in natural and high-temperature annealed synthetic diamond and gives rise to prominent absorption features in the mid-infrared. Here, we combine time- and spectrally resolved infrared absorption spectroscopy to yield unprecedented insight into the N3VH0 defect's vibrational dynamics following infrared excitation of the C-H stretch. In doing so, we gain fundamental information about the energies of quantized vibrational states and corroborate our results with theory. We map out, for the first time, energy relaxation pathways, which include multiphonon relaxation processes and anharmonic coupling to the C-H bend mode. These advances provide new routes to quantify and probe atomic-scale defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J L Coxon
- EPSRC Centre for Doctoral Training in Diamond Science and Technology, Warwick, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Jonathan P Goss
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
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40
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Pharmacological profile of natural and synthetic compounds with rigid adamantane-based scaffolds as potential agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 529:1225-1241. [PMID: 32819589 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.06.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This review is dedicated to the comparative analysis of structure-activity relationships for more than 75 natural and synthetic derivatives of adamantane. Some of these compounds, such as amantadine and memantine, are currently used to treat dementia, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases and other neurodegenerative diseases. The data presented show that the pharmacological potential of 1-fluoro- and 1-phosphonic acid adamantane derivatives against Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases and other neurodegenerative diseases exceeds those of well-known amantadine and memantine. The information presented in this review highlights the promising directions of studies for biochemists, pharmacologists, medicinal chemists, physiologists, and neurologists, as well as to the pharmaceutical industry.
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