1
|
Wei B, Peng Y, Jeyakumar P, Lin L, Zhang D, Yang M, Zhu J, Ki Lin CS, Wang H, Wang Z, Li C. Soil pH restricts the ability of biochar to passivate cadmium: A meta-analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 219:115110. [PMID: 36574793 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Soil acidification is the main cause for aggravation of soil cadmium (Cd) pollution. Biochar treatment can increase the soil pH and decrease the Cd availability in soils. However, there is limited information in literature on the comprehensive assessment of the response of Cd fractions to biochar. Therefore, in the present meta-analysis study, we evaluate the response of Cd fractions to biochar application in soils with different pH and to further examine the effect of physicochemical properties of biochar on Cd. Results from the overall analysis indicated that biochar treatment increased the soil pH by 7.0%, thereby decreasing the amount of available Cd (37.3%). In acidic soil, biochar significantly reduced the acid-soluble fraction (Acid-Cd) of Cd by 36.8%, while Oxidizable fraction of Cd (Oxid-Cd, 20.9%) and Residual fraction of Cd (Resid-Cd, 22.2%) were significantly increased. In neutral soils, only Acid-Cd was significantly reduced (33.0%) in the presence of biochar. In alkaline soils, biochar caused significant reduction in Acid-Cd of 12.4% and an increase in Oxid-Cd and Resid-Cd of 26.6% and 47.8%, respectively. Further, our findings showed that biochar with cation exchange capacity >100 cmol+/kg effectively decreased Acid-Cd (32.4%), while biochar with the percentage of hydrogen <2% was more contributory in increasing Resid-Cd (64.3%). These results demonstrate the importance of soil pH in regulating the biological effectiveness of Cd in soil and the complexation between the functional groups of biochar and Cd, and provide key information for the remediation of Cd pollution in soils with different pH by biochar.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beilei Wei
- College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation & Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Yunchang Peng
- College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation & Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Paramsothy Jeyakumar
- Environmental Science Group, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Longxin Lin
- College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation & Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Dongliang Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation & Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Meiyan Yang
- Kunpeng Institute of Modern Agriculture at Foshan, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Foshan, 528200, China
| | - Jinning Zhu
- Nanjing Institute of Product Quality Inspection, No. 3 Jialingjiang East Street, Nanjing, 210019, China
| | - Carol Sze Ki Lin
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hailong Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Ziting Wang
- College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530000, Guangxi, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation & Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530000, China.
| | - Chong Li
- Kunpeng Institute of Modern Agriculture at Foshan, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Foshan, 528200, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Agricultural Synthetic Biology, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nam S, Lee N, Kim EY. Living with a Pandemic from Psycho-Social Perspectives: A Narrative Review. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 51:2472-2483. [PMID: 36561263 PMCID: PMC9745413 DOI: 10.18502/10.18502/ijph.v51i11.11164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This narrative review aims to identify psycho-social issues related to the COVID-19 pandemic, especially among vulnerable populations. Through understanding the psychosocial meanings underneath, the suffering from the pandemic and the transformative experiences toward better society could be substantiated. Searching relevant studies and literature on psycho-social impacts in relation to COVID-19 was conducted from psycho-social points of view. Vulnerable populations such as the mentally ill, the poor, refugees, immigrants, the elderly, and other stigmatized groups were focused on. Reflections and plans on the worsened health disparities and increased stresses among vulnerable groups will help our society to be healthier and safer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soohyun Nam
- Department of Nursing, Hallym Polytechnic University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Nami Lee
- Human Rights Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Department of Public Health Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Corresponding Author:
| | - Eun-Yong Kim
- Department of Human Systems Medicine, Seoul National University Medical School, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shao S, Liu L, Tian Z. Does the environmental inequality matter? A literature review. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:3133-3156. [PMID: 33847864 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00921-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The environmental inequality theory reveals that the risk of environmental pollution exposure varies among regions and groups and that particular groups face a higher threat of environmental pollution. In recent years, studies on the environmental inequality issue in developed countries have been increasing, while related literature on developing countries is very scarce. It has been found that some factors, such as race and economic status, have a close relationship with the risk of environmental pollution exposure faced by individuals. For the first time, this paper provides an extensive review of existing theoretical and empirical studies on environmental inequality. We review, in detail, the evolution of the environmental inequality theory, including the definition and measurement of environmental inequality. Further, we provide a systematic refresher on the main performance of environmental inequality, including health, education, labor productivity, and real estate prices. We also identify several causes of environmental inequality, such as ethnic differences, economic status, human capital, and household registration systems. Finally, we discuss prospects for the future research on this issue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Shao
- School of Business, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
- School of Urban and Regional Science, Institute of Finance and Economics Research, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Liwen Liu
- School of Urban and Regional Science, Institute of Finance and Economics Research, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhihua Tian
- School of Economics, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Audio-Visual Preferences for the Exercise-Oriented Population in Urban Forest Parks in China. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13060948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explore the audio-visual preferences of exercisers in urban forest parks in China and to make practical suggestions for park landscape design. Taking Beigushan Forest Park in Lianyungang City, Jiangsu Province as a case, based on field research and questionnaire survey, this study analyzed the audio-visual preference characteristics of exercisers in the park, revealed the correlation between audio-visual preference and exercisers’ behaviors and individual characteristics, and explored the influence of audio-visual preferences on exercise feelings by establishing a structural equation model. It was found that (1) the forest and its avenue landscape and birdsong are most preferred by exercisers; (2) the audio-visual preferences of people with different exercise forms differ, for example, people who slowly walk, run, and briskly walk have stronger preferences for natural soundscape and visual landscape, while people who use fitness equipment have stronger inclusiveness for human activity sound and prefer public facility-based landscapes. In addition, some individual characteristics such as exercise intensity and exercise frequency significantly affect exercisers’ audio-visual preferences; (3) visual landscape preferences have a greater direct impact on exercise feelings, with natural waterscape having the greatest direct impact, but overall soundscape preferences do not have a high degree of direct impact on exercise feelings, with natural sound still having a strong positive impact. These findings provide a more quantitative basis for the landscape design of urban forest parks from the perspective of exercise behavior.
Collapse
|
5
|
Patra A, Phuleria HC. Inequalities in occupational exposures among people using popular commute modes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 298:118797. [PMID: 35016987 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.118797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Several recent studies have looked into the differences in air qualities inside popular commute modes. The impact of daily commuting patterns and work-related trips on inhalation doses, however, are not investigated. The purpose of this study is to quantify the variation in air pollutants within popular commute modes in Mumbai, India, and to estimate the variation in exposure as a result of occupational or work-related trips across different sub-groups. Real-time pollutants, both gaseous and particulate matters (PM), were measured on a pre-defined route during rush and non-rush hours on buses, cars, auto-rickshaws, sub-urban trains, and motorbikes through several trips (N = 98). Household surveys were conducted to estimate the exposures of different occupational subgroups (cab-driver, auto-rickshaw drivers, delivery persons) and people commuting to their offices daily. Participants (N = 800) from various socioeconomic backgrounds in the city were asked about their job categories, work-activity patterns, and work-related commute trips. Mass concentrations of particles in different size ranges (PM1, PM2.5, and PM10) were substantially higher (p < 0.05) inside auto-rickshaws (44.6 μg/m3, 84.7 μg/m3, and 138.3 μg/m3) compared to other modes. Inside cars, gaseous pollutants such as carbon monoxide (CO) and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) were significantly higher (p < 0.05). Although both gaseous and particulate concentrations were lower (p < 0.05) inside buses, bus-commuters were found to be highly exposed to the pollutants due to the extended trip time (∼1.2 times longer than other modes) and driving conditions. Office commuters inhale a large fraction of their daily doses (25-30%) during their work-related travel. Occupational sub-groups, on the other hand, inhale ∼90% of the pollutants during their work. In a day, an auto-rickshaw driver inhales 10-15% more (p < 0.05) pollutants than cab driver or delivery personnel. Therefore, this study highlights the inequalities in occupational exposure as a combined effect of in-cabin air qualities and commute patterns due to occupational obligations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arpan Patra
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Harish C Phuleria
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India; Interdisciplinary Programme (IDP) in Climate Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400076, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Martinez-Soto A, Avendaño Vera CC, Boso A, Hofflinger A, Shupler M. Energy poverty influences urban outdoor air pollution levels during COVID-19 lockdown in south-central Chile. ENERGY POLICY 2021; 158:112571. [PMID: 34511701 PMCID: PMC8418915 DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The effect of COVID-19 lockdowns on ambient air pollution levels in urban south-central Chile, where outdoor air pollution primarily originates indoors from wood burning for heating, may differ from trends in cities where transportation and industrial emission sources dominate. This quasi-experimental study compared hourly fine (PM2.5) and coarse (PM10) particulate matter measurements from six air monitors (three beta attenuation monitors; three low-cost sensors) in commercial and low/middle-income residential areas of Temuco, Chile between 2019 and 2020. The potential impact of varying annual meterological conditions on air quality was also assessed. During COVID-19 lockdown, average monthly ambient PM2.5 concentrations in a commercial and middle-income residential neighborhood of Temuco were up to 50% higher (from 12 to 18 μg/m3) and 59% higher (from 22 to 35 μg/m3) than 2019 levels, respectively. Conversely, PM2.5 levels decreased by up to 52% (from 43 to 21 μg/m3) in low-income areas. The fine fraction of PM10 in April 2020 was 48% higher than in April 2017-2019 (from 50% to 74%) in a commercial area. These changes did not appear to result from meterological differences between years. During COVID-19 lockdown, higher outdoor PM2.5 pollution from wood heating existed in more affluent areas of Temuco, while PM2.5 concentrations declined among poorer households refraining from wood heating. To reduce air pollution and energy poverty in south-central Chile, affordability of clean heating fuels (e.g. electricity) should be a policy priority.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aner Martinez-Soto
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Constanza C Avendaño Vera
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Alex Boso
- Núcleo en Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Butamallín Research Center for Global Change, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Alvaro Hofflinger
- Núcleo en Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Butamallín Research Center for Global Change, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Matthew Shupler
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shupler M, Mwitari J, Gohole A, Anderson de Cuevas R, Puzzolo E, Čukić I, Nix E, Pope D. COVID-19 impacts on household energy & food security in a Kenyan informal settlement: The need for integrated approaches to the SDGs. RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS 2021. [PMID: 34276242 DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.27.20115113v1.full.pdf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
This longitudinal study presents the joint effects of a COVID-19 community lockdown on household energy and food security in an informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya. Randomly administered surveys were completed from December 2019-March 2020 before community lockdown (n = 474) and repeated in April 2020 during lockdown (n = 194). Nearly universal (95%) income decline occurred during the lockdown and led to 88% of households reporting food insecurity. During lockdown, a quarter of households (n = 17) using liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), a cleaner cooking fuel typically available in pre-set quantities (e.g. 6 kg cylinders), switched to polluting cooking fuels (kerosene, wood), which could be purchased in smaller amounts or gathered for free. Household size increases during lockdown also led to participants' altering their cooking fuel, and changing their cooking behaviors and foods consumed. Further, households more likely to switch away from LPG had lower consumption prior to lockdown and had suffered greater income loss, compared with households that continued to use LPG. Thus, inequities in clean cooking fuel access may have been exacerbated by COVID-19 lockdown. These findings demonstrate the complex relationship between household demographics, financial strain, diet and cooking patterns, and present the opportunity for a food-energy nexus approach to address multiple Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): achieving zero hunger (SDG 2) and universal affordable, modern and clean energy access (SDG 7) by 2030. Ensuring that LPG is affordable, accessible and meets the dietary and cooking needs of families should be a policy priority for helping improve food and energy security among the urban poor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Shupler
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - James Mwitari
- School of Public Health, Amref International University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Arthur Gohole
- School of Public Health, Amref International University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Elisa Puzzolo
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Global LPG Partnership (GLPGP), 654 Madison Avenue, New York, United States
| | - Iva Čukić
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Nix
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Pope
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shupler M, Mwitari J, Gohole A, Anderson de Cuevas R, Puzzolo E, Čukić I, Nix E, Pope D. COVID-19 impacts on household energy & food security in a Kenyan informal settlement: The need for integrated approaches to the SDGs. RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS 2021; 144:None. [PMID: 34276242 PMCID: PMC8262075 DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2021.111018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This longitudinal study presents the joint effects of a COVID-19 community lockdown on household energy and food security in an informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya. Randomly administered surveys were completed from December 2019-March 2020 before community lockdown (n = 474) and repeated in April 2020 during lockdown (n = 194). Nearly universal (95%) income decline occurred during the lockdown and led to 88% of households reporting food insecurity. During lockdown, a quarter of households (n = 17) using liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), a cleaner cooking fuel typically available in pre-set quantities (e.g. 6 kg cylinders), switched to polluting cooking fuels (kerosene, wood), which could be purchased in smaller amounts or gathered for free. Household size increases during lockdown also led to participants' altering their cooking fuel, and changing their cooking behaviors and foods consumed. Further, households more likely to switch away from LPG had lower consumption prior to lockdown and had suffered greater income loss, compared with households that continued to use LPG. Thus, inequities in clean cooking fuel access may have been exacerbated by COVID-19 lockdown. These findings demonstrate the complex relationship between household demographics, financial strain, diet and cooking patterns, and present the opportunity for a food-energy nexus approach to address multiple Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): achieving zero hunger (SDG 2) and universal affordable, modern and clean energy access (SDG 7) by 2030. Ensuring that LPG is affordable, accessible and meets the dietary and cooking needs of families should be a policy priority for helping improve food and energy security among the urban poor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Shupler
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - James Mwitari
- School of Public Health, Amref International University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Arthur Gohole
- School of Public Health, Amref International University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Elisa Puzzolo
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Global LPG Partnership (GLPGP), 654 Madison Avenue, New York, United States
| | - Iva Čukić
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Nix
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Pope
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|