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Hou C, Zhou C, Li N, Song Y, You X, Zhao J, Zhou X, Shen Z, Zhang Y. Interaction Effects between the Main Components of Protein-Rich Biomass during Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:7826-7837. [PMID: 38653213 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The interaction effects between the main components (proteins (P), carbohydrates (C), and lipids (L)) of protein-rich biomass during microwave-assisted pyrolysis were investigated in depth with an exploration of individual pyrolysis and copyrolysis (PC, PL, and CL) of model compounds. The average heating rate of P was higher than those of C and L, and the interactions in all copyrolysis groups reduced the max instant heating rate. The synergistic extent (S) of PC and PL for bio-oil yield was 16.78 and 18.24%, respectively, indicating that the interactions promoted the production of bio-oil. Besides, all of the copyrolysis groups exhibited a synergistic effect on biochar production (S = 19.43-28.24%), while inhibiting the gas generation, with S ranging from -20.17 to -6.09%. Regarding the gaseous products, apart from H2, P, C, and L primarily generated CO2, CO, and CH4, respectively. Regarding bio-oil composition, the interactions occurring within PC, PL, and CL exhibited a significantly synergistic effect (S = 47.81-412.96%) on the formation of N-heterocyclics/amides, amides/nitriles, and acids/esters, respectively. Finally, the favorable applicability of the proposed interaction effects was verified with microalgae. This study offers valuable insights for understanding the microwave-assisted pyrolysis of protein-rich biomass, laying the groundwork for further research and process optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Chenxi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Yuanbo Song
- Institute of New Rural Development, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, P. R. China
| | - Xiaogang You
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Zhao
- Shanghai Rural Revitalization Research Center, Shanghai 200002, P. R. China
| | - Xuefei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
- Institute of New Rural Development, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, P. R. China
| | - Yalei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
- Institute of New Rural Development, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 20092, P. R. China
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Zhou Y, Wang Z, Hu W, Zhou Q, Chen J. Norfloxacin adsorption by urban green waste biochar: characterization, kinetics, and mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:29088-29100. [PMID: 38568303 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33085-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Biochar, as a potential adsorbent, has been widely employed to remove pollutants from sewage. In this study, a lignin-based biochar (CB-800) was prepared by a simple high-temperature pyrolysis using urban green waste (Cinnamomum camphora leaves) as a feedstock to remove norfloxacin (NOR) from water. Batch adsorption test results indicated that CB-800 had a strong removal capacity for NOR at a wide range of pH values. The maximum adsorption achieved in the study was 50.90 ± 0.64 mg/g at 298 K. The pseudo-first and second-order kinetic models and the Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm fitted the experimental data well, indicating that NOR adsorption by CB-800 was a complex process involving both physi-sorption and chemi-sorption. The physical properties of CB-800 were characterized by SEM and BET. The mesoporous structures were formed hierarchically on the surface of CB-800 (with an average pore size of 2.760 nm), and the spatial structure of NOR molecules was more easily adsorbed by mesoporous structures. Combined with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, it was showed that the main NOR adsorption mechanisms by CB-800 included ion exchange, π-electron coordination, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic adsorption. Meanwhile, the reduction of C = O and pyridine nitrogen, and the presence of C-F2, also indicated the occurrence of substitution, addition, and redox. This study not only determined the reaction mechanism between biochar and NOR, but also provides guidance to waste managers for the removal of NOR from water by biochar. It is envisaged that the results will broaden the utilization of urban green waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- School of Biological Recourse and Environmental Science, Jishou University, Jishou, 416000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ziyan Wang
- School of Biological Recourse and Environmental Science, Jishou University, Jishou, 416000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyong Hu
- School of Biological Recourse and Environmental Science, Jishou University, Jishou, 416000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- School of Biological Recourse and Environmental Science, Jishou University, Jishou, 416000, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Control and Remediation of Heavy Metal Pollution From Mn-Zn Mining, Jishou, Hunan, China
| | - Jiao Chen
- School of Materials and Environmental Engineering, Chengdu Technological University, Chengdu, 611730, China
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Granados-Balbuena SY, Díaz-Pacheco A, García-Meza MG, Tapia-López L, Cruz-Narváez Y, Ocaranza-Sánchez E. Phytochemical profile of petals from black Dahlia pinnata by flow injection analysis-electrospray ionization-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2023; 34:1009-1021. [PMID: 37518673 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dahlia pinnata Cav. is a flower native to Mexico that has many applications; in particular, its petals have been used for ornamental, food, and medicinal purposes, for example to treat skin rashes and skin cracks. It has been reported that the medicinal properties of plants are generally related to the phytochemical constituents they possess. However, there are few studies on black D. pinnata. OBJECTIVES The present study was aimed at qualitatively and quantitatively determining the phytochemical profile of petals from black D. pinnata. METHODOLOGY Phytochemicals from Dahlia petals were extracted by consecutive maceration (hexane, dichloromethane, and methanol); then, the extracts were analyzed through colorimetric assays and UV-Vis spectroscopy for qualitative identification and quantification of phytochemical compounds, respectively. The methanolic extract was analyzed by flow injection analysis-electrospray ionization-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FIA-ESI-FTICR-MS) in negative and positive mode. RESULTS Quantitative phytochemical profiling of the methanolic extract by UV-Vis spectroscopy indicated high contents of phenolic compounds (34.35 ± 3.59 mg EQ/g plant) and sugars (23.91 ± 1.99 mg EQ/g plant), while the qualitative profiling by FIA-ESI-FTICR-MS allowed the tentative identification of several flavonoids and phenolic acids. Kaempferol-3-rutinoside, pelargonidin-3-(6″-malonylglucoside)-5-glucoside, rutin, kaempferol-3-(2″,3″-diacetyl-4″-p-coumaroylrhamnoside), and myricetin-3-(2‴-galloylrhamnoside) were the main compounds detected. CONCLUSION The results expand our knowledge of the phytochemical constituents of petals from black D. pinnata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulem Yali Granados-Balbuena
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Tepetitla de Lardizábal, Tlaxcala, Mexico
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Ingeniería Campus Tlaxcala del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Guillermo Valle, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Adrian Díaz-Pacheco
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Ingeniería Campus Tlaxcala del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Guillermo Valle, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - María Guadalupe García-Meza
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Tepetitla de Lardizábal, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Lilia Tapia-López
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Tepetitla de Lardizábal, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Yair Cruz-Narváez
- Laboratorio de Posgrado de Operaciones Unitarias, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Química e Industrias Extractivas, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Erik Ocaranza-Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Tepetitla de Lardizábal, Tlaxcala, Mexico
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Li J, Zeng K, Zhong D, Flamant G, Nzihou A, White CE, Yang H, Chen H. Algae Pyrolysis in Molten NaOH-Na 2CO 3 for Hydrogen Production. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:6485-6493. [PMID: 37043626 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c01325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Biomass pyrolysis within the alkaline molten salt is attractive due to its ability to achieve high hydrogen yield under relatively mild conditions. However, poor contact between biomass, especially the biomass pellet, and hydroxide during the slow heating process, as well as low reaction temperatures, become key factors limiting the hydrogen production. To address these challenges, fast pyrolysis of the algae pellet in molten NaOH-Na2CO3 was conducted at 550, 650, and 750 °C. Algae were chosen as feedstock for their high photosynthetic efficiency and growth rate, and the concept of coupling molten salt with concentrated solar energy was proposed to address the issue of high energy consumption at high temperatures. At 750 °C, the pollutant gases containing Cl and S were completely removed, and the HCN removal rate reached 44.92%. During the continuous pyrolysis process, after a slight increase, the hydrogen yield remained stable at 71.48 mmol/g-algae and constituted 86.10% of the gas products, and a minimum theoretical hydrogen production efficiency of algae can reach 84.86%. Most importantly, the evolution of physicochemical properties of molten NaOH-Na2CO3 was revealed for the first time. Combined with the conversion characteristics of feedstock and gas products, this study provides practical guidance for large-scale application of molten salt including feedstock, operation parameters, and post-treatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China
| | - Kuo Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China
| | - Dian Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China
| | - Gilles Flamant
- Processes, Materials and Solar Energy Laboratory, PROMES-CNRS, 7 rue du Four Solaire, 66120 Odeillo Font Romeu, France
| | - Ange Nzihou
- Université de Toulouse, IMT Mines Albi, RAPSODEE CNRS UMR 5302, Campus Jarlard, F.81013 Albi, Cedex 09, France
- Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Claire E White
- Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Haiping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China
| | - Hanping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China
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Devaux J, Mignot M, Rouvière F, François I, Afonso C, Heinisch S. On-line reversed-phase liquid chromatography x supercritical fluid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry: a powerful tool for the characterization of advanced biofuels. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1697:463964. [PMID: 37068402 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.463964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Bio-oils obtained by thermochemical or biochemical conversion of biomass represent a promising source of energy to complement fossil fuels, in particular for maritime or air transport for which the use of hydrogen or electricity appears complicated. As these bio-oils are very rich in water and heteroatoms, additional treatments are necessary before they can be used as biofuel. In order to improve the efficiency of these treatments, it is important to have a thorough knowledge of the composition of the bio-oil. The characterization of bio-oils is difficult because they are very complex mixtures with thousands of compounds covering a very wide range of molecular weight and polarity. Due to the high degree of orthogonality between the two chromatographic dimensions, the on-line combination of reversed-phase liquid chromatography and supercritical fluid chromatography (on-line RPLC x SFC) can significantly improve the characterization of such complex matrices. The hyphenation was optimized by selecting, in SFC, the stationary phase, the co-solvent, the make-up solvent prior to high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and the injection solvent. Additionally, a new interface configuration is described. Quality descriptors such as the occupation of the separation space, the peak shapes and the signal intensity were considered to determine the optimal conditions. The best results were obtained with bare silica, a co-solvent composed of acetonitrile and methanol (50/50, v/v), a make-up solvent composed of methanol (90%) and water (10%) with formic acid (0.1%), an addition of co-solvent through an additional pump for SFC separation in a 2.1 mm column, and an hydro-organic solvent as injection solvent. The optimized setup was used to analyze two microalgae bio-oils: the full bio-oil coming from hydrothermal liquefaction and Soxhlet extraction of microalgae, and the gasoline cut obtained after distillation of the full bio-oil. Results in on-line RPLC x SFC-qTOF were particularly interesting, with very good peak shapes and high reproducibility. Moreover, the high degree of orthogonality for microalgae bio-oils of RPLC and SFC was highlighted by the very large occupation of the separation space. Isomeric profiles of compound families could be obtained in RPLC x SFC-qTOF and many isomers not separated in SFC alone were separated in RPLC and vice versa, thus showing the complementarity of the two chromatographic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Devaux
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280 CNRS, 5 rue de la Doua, Villeurbanne 69100, France; COBRA, Normandie Université, Université de Rouen, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, UMR 6014, IRCOF 1 rue Tesnière, Mont Saint Aignan 76821, France; International Joint Laboratory - iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, BP 27, Harfleur 76700, France
| | - Mélanie Mignot
- COBRA, Normandie Université, Université de Rouen, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, UMR 6014, IRCOF 1 rue Tesnière, Mont Saint Aignan 76821, France; International Joint Laboratory - iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, BP 27, Harfleur 76700, France
| | - Florent Rouvière
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280 CNRS, 5 rue de la Doua, Villeurbanne 69100, France
| | - Isabelle François
- Chromisa Scientific, Schoolstraat 3, Sint-Lievens-Houtem 9520, Belgium
| | - Carlos Afonso
- COBRA, Normandie Université, Université de Rouen, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, UMR 6014, IRCOF 1 rue Tesnière, Mont Saint Aignan 76821, France; International Joint Laboratory - iC2MC: Complex Matrices Molecular Characterization, TRTG, BP 27, Harfleur 76700, France
| | - Sabine Heinisch
- Université de Lyon, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280 CNRS, 5 rue de la Doua, Villeurbanne 69100, France.
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Luo M, Wang L, Li H, Bu Y, Zhao Y, Cai J. Hierarchical porous biochar from kelp: Insight into self-template effect and highly efficient removal of methylene blue from water. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 372:128676. [PMID: 36706822 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Biochar is known to efficiently remove dyes especially for biochar with hierarchical pores and partial N-species. Here, a facile pyrolysis is used to yield N-doped biochar from kelp without additives, showing surface areas of 771 m2/g as temperature up to 1000 °C and hierarchical small-sized mesopores (2-4 nm) and wide meso-macropores (8-60 nm). A possible self-template mechanism from inorganics is proposed to form hierarchical pore architecture in biochar and used for methylene blue (MB) removal. Biochar pyrolyzed at 1000 °C is found to be efficient for MB removal with uptake of 379.8 mg/g under ambient conditions, one of the largest ever recorded uptakes for other biochar without activation, owing to synergistic effects of high surface areas, mesopores, and graphitized N-species. These results confirm that a facile pyrolysis for transformation of kelp into efficient dyes adsorbent is a cost-effective process for economic and environmental protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Liuting Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Haixia Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Yu Bu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Yinxu Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
| | - Jinjun Cai
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China; School of Engineering Materials & Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom.
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Li G, Hao Y, Yang T, Xiao W, Pan M, Huo S, Lyu T. Enhancing Bioenergy Production from the Raw and Defatted Microalgal Biomass Using Wastewater as the Cultivation Medium. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:637. [PMID: 36354546 PMCID: PMC9687627 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9110637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Improving the efficiency of using energy and decreasing impacts on the environment will be an inevitable choice for future development. Based on this direction, three kinds of medium (modified anaerobic digestion wastewater, anaerobic digestion wastewater and a standard growth medium BG11) were used to culture microalgae towards achieving high-quality biodiesel products. The results showed that microalgae culturing with anaerobic digestate wastewater could increase lipid content (21.8%); however, the modified anaerobic digestion wastewater can boost the microalgal biomass production to 0.78 ± 0.01 g/L when compared with (0.35-0.54 g/L) the other two groups. Besides the first step lipid extraction, the elemental composition, thermogravimetric and pyrolysis products of the defatted microalgal residues were also analysed to delve into the utilisation potential of microalgae biomass. Defatted microalgae from modified wastewater by pyrolysis at 650 °C resulted in an increase in the total content of valuable products (39.47%) with no significant difference in the content of toxic compounds compared to other groups. Moreover, the results of the life cycle assessment showed that the environmental impact (388.9 mPET2000) was lower than that of raw wastewater (418.1 mPET2000) and standard medium (497.3 mPET2000)-cultivated groups. Consequently, the method of culturing microalgae in modified wastewater and pyrolyzing algal residues has a potential to increase renewable energy production and reduce environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yuhang Hao
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Tenglun Yang
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Wenbo Xiao
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Minmin Pan
- Department for Solar Materials, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Shuhao Huo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Tao Lyu
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
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Li L, Zhang F, Tu R, Yu H, Wang H, Sun Y, Jiang E, Xu X. N,N-Dimethylformamide solvent assisted hydrothermal pretreatment of Chlorella for coproduction of sugar, nitrogenous compounds and carbon dots. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126143. [PMID: 34678449 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae are considered as a promising alternative to fossil fuels due to their ease of cultivation, short growth cycle and no occupation of cultivated land. In this study, N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent was employed to assist hydrothermal pretreatment of Chlorella for coproduction of sugar, nitrogenous compounds and carbon dots (CDs). The effect of pretreatment conditions on the composition and pyrolysis bio-oil distribution of hydrothermal solid residues as well as CDs characteristic were investigated by varying the temperature (180-220 ℃) and reaction time (1-9 h). The results showed that pretreated residues had higher cellulose. And the yield of sugar and N-contained compounds reached 41.59% and 63.57% in the pyrolysis bio-oil of pretreated algae residues, respectively. Moreover, CDs obtained from hydrothermal solution fluoresced red under 365 nm excitation. The paper provides a new method for the complete utilization of microalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghao Li
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wush-an Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wush-an Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ren Tu
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wush-an Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Haipeng Yu
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wush-an Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wush-an Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wush-an Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Enchen Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wush-an Road, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiwei Xu
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wush-an Road, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Liu Y, Wu S, Zhang H, Xiao R. Fast pyrolysis of torrefied holocellulose for producing long-chain ether precursors in a fluidized bed. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 341:125770. [PMID: 34418845 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Combining torrefaction with fast pyrolysis is an achievable route for producing long-chain ether precursors. The results of structural characterization for native and torrefied holocellulose indicated that with increasing torrefaction temperature, the crystallinity index (CrI) decreased slightly and then sharply increased; hydroxyls, O-acetyl branches, ether bond and β-1,4-glycosidic bond were eliminated but carbonyls increased. Maximum mass loss rate and apparent activation energy increased after torrefaction. With an increase in torrefaction temperature, gaseous yield continuously dropped, and liquid product yield climbed to the highest point of 49.04% for holocellulose torrefied at 240 °C (240CS). Torrefaction was unfavorable for the production of small-molecule gases. The bio-oil analysis demonstrated that the yield of acetic acid decreased from 6.35% to 1.43% with torrefaction temperature increasing from 105 °C to 260 °C. Significantly, yields of targeted compounds were dramatically improved after torrefaction, and 240CS afforded the maximum carbon yield of 14.79%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 221116, China
| | - Shiliang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 221116, China.
| | - Huiyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 221116, China
| | - Rui Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 221116, China
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