1
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Liu X, Chen M, Wang D, Du F, Xu N, Sun W, Han Z. Cr(VI) removal during cotransport of nano-iron-particles combined with iron sulfides in groundwater: Effects of D. vulgaris and S. putrefaciens. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 472:134583. [PMID: 38749250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Iron-based materials such as nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) are effective candidates to in situ remediate hexachromium (Cr(VI))-contaminated groundwater. The anaerobic bacteria could influence the remediation efficiency of Cr(VI) during its cotransport with nZVI in porous media. To address this issue, the present study investigated the adsorption and reduction of Cr(VI) during its cotransport with green tea (GT) modified nZVI (nZVI@GT) and iron sulfides (FeS and FeS2) in the presence of D. vulgaris or S. putrefaciens in water-saturated sand columns. Experimental results showed that the nZVI@GT preferred to heteroaggregate with FeS2 rather than FeS, forming nZVI@GT-FeS2 heteroaggregates. Although the presence of D. vulgaris further induced nZVI@GT-FeS2 heteroaggregates to form larger clusters, it pronouncedly improved the dissolution of FeS and FeS2 for more Cr(VI) reduction associated with lower Cr(VI) flux through sand. In contrast, S. putrefaciens could promote the dispersion of the heteroaggregates of nZVI@GT-FeS2 and the homoaggregates of nZVI@GT or FeS by adsorption on the extracellular polymeric substances, leading to the improved transport of Fe-based materials for a much higher Cr(VI) immobilization in sand media. Overall, our study provides the essential perspectives into a chem-biological remediation technique through the synergistic removal of Cr(VI) by nZVI@GT and FeS in contaminated groundwater. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATION: The green-synthesized nano-zero-valent iron particles (nZVI@GT) using plant extracts (or iron sulfides) have been used for in situ remediation of Cr(VI) contaminated groundwater. Nevertheless, the removal of Cr(VI) (including Cr(VI) adsorption and Cr(III) generation) could be influenced by the anaerobic bacteria governing the transport of engineered nanoparticles in groundwater. This study aims to reveal the inherent mechanisms of D. vulgaris and S. putrefaciens governing the cotransport of nZVI@GT combined with FeS (or FeS2) to further influence the Cr(VI) removal in simulated complex groundwater media. Our findings provides a chemical and biological synergistic remediation strategy for nZVI@GT application in Cr(VI)-contaminated groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Ming Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Dengjun Wang
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Feng Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Nan Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
| | - Wu Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Han
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222005, China
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2
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Xu Z, Wang S, Chen Y, Xu H, Wang Y, Huang W, Song X. Superior nitrate and chromium reduction synergistically driven by multiple electron donors: Performance and the related biochemical mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 358:124507. [PMID: 38968984 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Nitrate and Cr(VI) are the typical and prevalent co-contaminants in the groundwater, how to synchronously and effectively diminish them has received growing attention. The most problem that currently limits the nitrate and Cr(VI) reduction technology for groundwater remediation is with emphasis on exploring the optimal electron donors. This study investigated the feasibility of utilizing the synergistical effect of inorganic electron donors (pyrite, sulfur) and inherently limited organics to promote synchronous nitrate and Cr(VI) removal, which meets the requirement of naturally low-carbon and eco-friendly technologies. The NO3--N and Cr(VI) removal efficiencies in the pyrite and sulfur involved mixotrophic biofilter (PS-BF: approximately 90.8 ± 0.6% and 99.1 ± 2.1%) were substantially higher than that in a volcanic rock supported biofilter (V-BF: about 49.6% ± 2.8% and 50.0% ± 9.3%), which was consistent with the spatial variations of their concentrations. Abiotic and biotic batch tests directly confirmed the decisive role of pyrite and sulfur for NO3--N and Cr(VI) removal via chemical and microbial pathways. A server decline in sulfate production correlated with decreasing COD consumption revealed that there was sulfur disproportionation induced by limited organics. Metagenomic analysis suggested that chemoautotrophic microbes like Sulfuritalea and Thiobacillus were key players responsible for sulfur oxidation, nitrate and Cr(VI) reduction. The metabolic pathway analysis suggested that genes encoding functional enzymes related to complete denitrification, S oxidation, and dissimilatory sulfate reduction were upregulated, however, genes encoding Cr(VI) reduction enzymes (e.g. chrA, chrR, nemA, and azoR) were downregulated in PS-BF, which further explained the synergistical effect of multiple electron donors. These findings provide insights into their potential cooperative interaction of multiple electron donors on greatly promoting nitrate and Cr(VI) removal and have implications for the remediation technology of nitrate and Cr(VI) co-contaminated groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongshuo Xu
- Donghua University, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai, 201600, China.
| | - Shihao Wang
- Donghua University, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai, 201600, China
| | - Yinnan Chen
- Donghua University, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai, 201600, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore
| | - Yuhui Wang
- Donghua University, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai, 201600, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Donghua University, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai, 201600, China
| | - Xinshan Song
- Donghua University, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai, 201600, China
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3
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Hu H, Bai Y, Zhou C, Jia W, Lens PNL, Hu Z, Caffrey D, Zhan X. Nitrate Chemodenitrification by Iron Sulfides to Ammonium under Mild Conditions and Transformation Mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:9804-9814. [PMID: 38771927 PMCID: PMC11154956 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Autotrophic denitrification utilizing iron sulfides as electron donors has been well studied, but the occurrence and mechanism of abiotic nitrate (NO3-) chemodenitrification by iron sulfides have not yet been thoroughly investigated. In this study, NO3- chemodenitrification by three types of iron sulfides (FeS, FeS2, and pyrrhotite) at pH 6.37 and ambient temperature of 30 °C was investigated. FeS chemically reduced NO3- to ammonium (NH4+), with a high reduction efficiency of 97.5% and NH4+ formation selectivity of 82.6%, but FeS2 and pyrrhotite did not reduce NO3- abiotically. Electrochemical Tafel characterization confirmed that the electron release rate from FeS was higher than that from FeS2 and pyrrhotite. Quenching experiments and density functional theory calculations further elucidated the heterogeneous chemodenitrification mechanism of NO3- by FeS. Fe(II) on the FeS surface was the primary site for NO3- reduction. FeS possessing sulfur vacancies can selectively adsorb oxygen atoms from NO3- and water molecules and promote water dissociation to form adsorbed hydrogen, thereby forming NH4+. Collectively, these findings suggest that the NO3- chemodenitrification by iron sulfides cannot be ignored, which has great implications for the nitrogen, sulfur, and iron cycles in soil and water ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Hu
- Civil
Engineering, School of Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Yang Bai
- Civil
Engineering, School of Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Chong−wen Zhou
- Combustion
Chemistry Centre, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Ryan
Institute, University of Galway, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
- School
of Energy and Power Engineering, Beihang
University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Weihang Jia
- School
of Energy and Power Engineering, Beihang
University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Piet N. L. Lens
- Department
of Microbiology, University of Galway, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Zhenhu Hu
- Department
of Municipal Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - David Caffrey
- School of
Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Xinmin Zhan
- Civil
Engineering, School of Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
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Wang Y, Yang Y, Shi J, An W, Lyu T, Zhang P. Processes and mechanisms in remediation of aqueous chromium contamination by sulfidated nano-scale zerovalent iron (S-nZVI): Experimental and computational investigations. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:134031. [PMID: 38518701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Sulfidated nano-scale zerovalent iron (S-nZVI) has emerged as an advanced functional nanomaterial for efficiently remediating Cr(VI) contamination in aqueous environments. However, there is an insufficient understanding of its coherent process, removal pathway, and hydrochemical reactive mechanisms, presenting potential challenges for its future environmental applications. To address this gap, this study successfully synthesized S-nZVI through a chemical precipitation method and effectively applied it for the removal of Cr(VI). Additional characterization revealed that the removal of Cr(VI) followed a sequence of rapid chemisorption and intraparticle diffusion processes, concomitant with an increase in pH and a decrease in oxidation-reduction potential. The remediation mechanism encompassed a synergistic reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) and simultaneous immobilization via Cr2FeO4 coprecipitation. The highest Cr(VI) removal capacity of 75 mg/g was attained during dynamic removal experiments in the sand column packed with S-nZVI. Further computational analysis, employing density functional theory calculations based on the experimental data, revealed the involvement of multiple molecular orbitals of Cr(VI) in the removal process. It also elucidated a step-by-step reduction pathway for Cr(VI) characterized by decreasing free energy. These findings provide evidence-based insights into Cr(VI) remediation using S-nZVI and can serve as valuable technical support for future environmental management of heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Yuesuo Yang
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Jinyu Shi
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Wengang An
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Tao Lyu
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau.
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5
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Liu Z, Yang Q, Zhu P, Liu Y, Tong X, Cao T, Tomson MB, Alvarez PJJ, Zhang T, Chen W. Cr(VI) Reduction and Sequestration by FeS Nanoparticles Formed in situ as Aquifer Material Coating to Create a Regenerable Reactive Zone. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:7186-7195. [PMID: 38598770 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Remediation of large and dilute plumes of groundwater contaminated by oxidized pollutants such as chromate is a common and difficult challenge. Herein, we show that in situ formation of FeS nanoparticles (using dissolved Fe(II), S(-II), and natural organic matter as a nucleating template) results in uniform coating of aquifer material to create a regenerable reactive zone that mitigates Cr(VI) migration. Flow-through columns packed with quartz sand are amended first with an Fe2+ solution and then with a HS- solution to form a nano-FeS coating on the sand, which does not hinder permeability. This nano-FeS coating effectively reduces and immobilizes Cr(VI), forming Fe(III)-Cr(III) coprecipitates with negligible detachment from the sand grains. Preconditioning the sand with humic or fulvic acid (used as model natural organic matter (NOM)) further enhances Cr(VI) sequestration, as NOM provides additional binding sites of Fe2+ and mediates both nucleation and growth of FeS nanoparticles, as verified with spectroscopic and microscopic evidence. Reactivity can be easily replenished by repeating the procedures used to form the reactive coating. These findings demonstrate that such enhancement of attenuation capacity can be an effective option to mitigate Cr(VI) plume migration and exposure, particularly when tackling contaminant rebound post source remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhai Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Rd., Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qihong Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Rd., Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Panpan Zhu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Rd., Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yaqi Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Rd., Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xin Tong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Rd., Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Tianchi Cao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Rd., Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Mason B Tomson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Pedro J J Alvarez
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Tong Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Rd., Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Wei Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Rd., Tianjin 300350, China
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6
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Zhao L, Li C, Li H, Shu Z, Luo Y, Yang H, Chen Q, Xu W, Zhang W, Tan X. Efficient Cr(VI) removal by pyrite/porous biochar: Critical role of potassium salt and sulphur. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 346:123641. [PMID: 38428791 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The excessive accumulation of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) in the environment poses a risk to environment and human health. In the present study, a potassium bicarbonate-modified pyrite/porous biochar composite (PKBC) was prepared in a one-step process and applied for the efficient removal of Cr(VI) in wastewater. The results showed that PKBC can significantly remove Cr(VI) within 4 h over a wide range of pH (2-11). Meanwhile, the PKBC demonstrated remarkable resistance towards interference from complex ions. The addition of potassium bicarbonate increased the pore structure of the material and promoted the release of Fe2+. The reduction of Cr(VI) in aqueous solution was primarily attributed to the Fe(II)/Fe(III) redox cycle. The sulphur species achieved Fe(II)/Fe(III) cycle through electron transfer with iron, thus ensuring the continuous reduction capacity of PKBC. Besides, the removal rate was also maintained at more than 85% in the actual water samples treatment process. This work provides a new way to remove hexavalent chromium from wastewater and demonstrates the potential critical role of potassium bicarbonate and sulphur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Chuang Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Hong Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Zihan Shu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Yang Luo
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Hailan Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Qiang Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Weihua Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Xiaofei Tan
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410082, PR China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
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7
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Wang W, Yang L, Gao D, Yu M, Jiang S, Li J, Zhang J, Feng X, Tan W, Liu F, Yin M, Yin H. Characteristics of iron (hydr)oxides and Cr(VI) retention mechanisms in soils from tropical and subtropical areas of China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133107. [PMID: 38043424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Though both iron (hydr)oxides and soil organic matter (SOM) significantly influence heavy metal behaviors in soils, studies on the characteristics of natural minerals and the synergic effects of the two on Cr(VI) transformation are limited. This study investigated Cr(VI) retention mechanisms in four soils from tropical and subtropical regions of China based on a comprehensive characterization of Fe (hydr)oxides. These soils exhibited varying quantities of hematite, ferrihydrite and goethite, with distinct Al substitution levels and varied exposed crystallographic facets. Adsorption experiments revealed a positive correlation between Fe (hydr)oxide content and Cr(VI) fixation amount on colloid, which was influenced by the mineral types, Al substitution levels and facet exposures. Further, Cr(VI) was sequestered on soil by adsorption and reduction. In soils enriched with crystalline Fe (hydr)oxides, Cr(VI) reduction was primarily governed by SOM, while in soils enriched with poorly crystalline Fe (hydr)oxides, mineral-associated Fe(II) also contributed to Cr(VI) reduction. Aging experiments demonstrated that SOM and mineral-associated Fe(II) expedited Cr (VI) passivation and diminished the Cr leaching. These results improve our understanding of natural Fe (hydr)oxide structures and their impact on Cr(VI) behavior in soils, and shed light on complex soil-contaminant interactions and remediation of Cr(VI) polluted soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Minghao Yu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shuqi Jiang
- Faculty of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiangshan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Xionghan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wenfeng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ming Yin
- Shiyan Ecological Environment Monitoring Center of Hubei Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment, Shiyan 442000, China.
| | - Hui Yin
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtse River), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural affairs, College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Wuhan 430070, China.
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8
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Wang C, Chen L, Xu J, Zhang L, Yang X, Zhang X, Zhang C, Gao P, Zhu L. Environmental behaviors and toxic mechanisms of engineered nanomaterials in soil. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 242:117820. [PMID: 38048867 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) are inevitably released into the environment with the exponential application of nanotechnology. Parts of ENMs eventually accumulate in the soil environment leading to potential adverse effects on soil ecology, crop production, and human health. Therefore, the safety application of ENMs on soil has been widely discussed in recent years. More detailed safety information and potential soil environmental risks are urgently needed. However, most of the studies on the environmental effects of metal-based ENMs have been limited to single-species experiments, ecosystem processes, or abiotic processes. The present review formulated the source and the behaviors of the ENMs in soil, and the potential effects of single and co-exposure ENMs on soil microorganisms, soil fauna, and plants were introduced. The toxicity mechanism of ENMs to soil organisms was also reviewed including oxidative stress, the release of toxic metal ions, and physical contact. Soil properties affect the transport, transformation, and toxicity of ENMs. Toxic mechanisms of ENMs include oxidative stress, ion release, and physical contact. Joint toxic effects occur through adsorption, photodegradation, and loading. Besides, future research should focus on the toxic effects of ENMs at the food chain levels, the effects of ENMs on plant whole-lifecycle, and the co-exposure and long-term toxicity effects. A fast and accurate toxicity evaluation system and model method are urgently needed to solve the current difficulties. It is of great significance for the sustainable development of ENMs to provide the theoretical basis for the ecological risk assessment and environmental management of ENMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqi Wang
- School of Environment & Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Le'an Chen
- School of Environment & Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Environment & Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Lanlan Zhang
- School of Environment & Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yang
- School of Environment & Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiaokai Zhang
- School of Environment & Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- School of Environment & Ecology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.
| | - Peng Gao
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, and Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, United States
| | - Lusheng Zhu
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
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9
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Shu Z, Liu Q, Liu E, Pan Z, Yan S, Zhang L, Song W, Wang Z. Overlooked role of aqueous chromate (VI) as a photosensitizer in enhancing the photochemical reactivity of ferrihydrite and production of hydroxyl radical. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 466:133557. [PMID: 38309168 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
The reactive oxygen species (ROS) photochemically generated from natural iron minerals have gained significant attention. Amidst the previous studies on the impact of heavy metal ions on ROS generation, our study addresses the role of the anion Cr(VI), with its intrinsic photoactivity, in influencing ROS photochemical generation with the co-presence of minerals. We investigated the transformation of inorganic/organic pollutants (Cr(VI) and benzoic acid) at the ferrihydrite interface, considering sunlight-mediated conversion processes (300-1000 nm). Increased photochemical reactivity of ferrihydrite was observed in the presence of aqueous Cr(VI), acting as a photosensitizer. Meanwhile, a positive correlation between hydroxyl radical (•OH) production and concentrations of aqueous Cr(VI) was observed, with a 650% increase of •OH generation at 50 mg L-1 Cr(VI) compared to systems without Cr(VI). Our photochemical batch experiments elucidated three potential pathways for •OH photochemical production under varying wet chemistry conditions: (1) ferrihydrite hole-mediated pathway, (2) chromium intermediate O-I-mediated pathway, and (3) chromium intermediates CrIV/V-mediated pathway. Notably, even in the visible region (> 425 nm), the promotion of aqueous Cr(VI) on •OH accumulation was observed in the presence of ferrihydrite and TiO2 suspensions, attributed to Cr(VI) photosensitization at the mineral interface. This study sheds light on the overlooked role of aqueous Cr(VI) in the photochemical reactivity of minerals, thereby enhancing our understanding of pollutant fate in acid mining-impacted environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Shu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qiuyao Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Enyang Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zezhen Pan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Fudan University, Shanghai 200062, China.
| | - Shuwen Yan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Liwu Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Weihua Song
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zimeng Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Fudan University, Shanghai 200062, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
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10
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Zhang H, Xu Z, Zhou P, Zhang Y, Wang Y. Simultaneous nitrate and chromium removal mechanism in a pyrite-involved mixotrophic biofilter. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:123882-123892. [PMID: 37996574 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31070-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Microbially mediated NO3--N and Cr(VI) reduction is being recognized as an eco-friendly and cost-effective remediation strategy. Iron sulfide mineral, as a natural inorganic electron donor, has a strong influence on NO3--N and Cr(VI) transformation, respectively. However, little is known about the simultaneous nitrate and chromium removal performance and underlying mechanism in an iron sulfide mineral-involved mixotrophic biofilter. This study demonstrated that the NO3--N and Cr(VI) removal efficiencies were stable at 62 ± 8% and 56 ± 10%, and most of them were eliminated in the 0-100-mm region of the biofilter. Cr(VI) was reduced to insoluble Cr(III) via microbial and chemical pathways, which was confirmed by the SEM-EDS morphology and the XPS spectra of biofilm and pyrite particles. SO42- was as a main byproduct of pyrite oxidation; however, the bacterial SO42- reduction synchronously occurred, evidenced by the variations of TOC and SO42- concentrations. These results suggested that there were complicated and intertwined biochemical relations between NO3--N/Cr(VI)/SO42-/DO (electron acceptors) and pyrite/organics (electron donors). Further investigation indicated that both the maximal biomass and greatest denitrifiers' relative abundances in microbial sample S1 well explained why the pollutants were removed in the 0-100-mm region. A variety of denitrifiers such as Pseudoxanthomona, Acidovorax, and Simplicispira were enriched, which probably were responsible for both NO3--N and Cr(VI) removal. Our findings advance the understanding of simultaneous nitrate and chromium removal in pyrite-involved mixotrophic systems and facilitate the new strategy development for nitrate and chromium remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haigeng Zhang
- Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zhongshuo Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201600, China.
| | - Panpan Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201600, China
| | - Yulei Zhang
- Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yuhui Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201600, China
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11
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Bhattacharya M, Barbhuiya NH, Singh SP. Performance evaluation of sulfidated nanoscale iron for hexavalent chromium removal from groundwater in sequential batch study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:123055-123066. [PMID: 37979111 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30960-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Chromium [Cr] contamination in groundwater is one of the serious environmental concerns due to the carcinogenicity of its water-soluble and mobile hexavalent [Cr(VI)] form. In spite of the existence of multiple precipitation and adsorption-based Cr(VI) remediation technologies, the usage of sulfidated nano zerovalent iron (S-nZVI) has recently attracted researchers due to its high selectivity. Although S-nZVI effectively immobilized Cr(VI), its long-term performance in multiple shifted equilibrium has not been explored. In this contribution, influences of S-nZVI dosage, initial concentration of Cr(VI), pH, ionic strength, total hardness, sulfate, carbonate, and silicate were probed in ultrapure water. Further experiments were performed in synthetic groundwater to investigate the effects of initial concentration of Cr(VI) in the pH range of 4-8 for 1 g L-1 S-nZVI dosage. Cr(VI) removal rate was quantified in groundwater without pH fixation. Finally, a comparative study between conventional nano zerovalent iron (nZVI) and S-nZVI was conducted in sequential batch reactors to investigate their respective efficiencies during repeated usage. Mechanistic interpretation of the processes governing the immobilization of Cr(VI) was done by integrating the results of these experiments with the metadata. While aggregation due to magnetic properties and rapid oxidation of Fe decreased the efficiency of nZVI with repeated usage, sulfidation minimized the passivation and favored an extended reducing environment because of continuous electron transfer from iron and sulfur components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mainak Bhattacharya
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Najmul Haque Barbhuiya
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Swatantra P Singh
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India.
- Interdisciplinary Program in Climate Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India.
- Centre for Research in Nanotechnology & Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India.
- Centre of Excellence On Membrane Technologies for Desalination, Brine Management, and Water Recycling (DeSaltM), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India.
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12
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Ma C, Liu M, Yang Z, Zheng Q, Mei J, Yang S. Highly efficient Cr (VI) removal from electroplating wastewater by regenerable copper sulfides: Mechanism and magical induction effect for Cr resource recovery. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 236:116799. [PMID: 37524156 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
The current sorbents used to remove Cr (VI) from electroplating wastewater are faced with some challenges including the difficulty in separating, regenerating, and safely disposing of adsorbed Cr species. To address these challenges, CuSx/TiO2 was developed to recover Cr (VI) from electroplating wastewater. CuSx/TiO2 had superior performance in removing Cr (VI), with the rate and capacity of approximately 9.36 mg g-1 h-1 and 68.8 mg g-1 at initial pH 4.0, respectively. Additionally, Cu2+ released from CuSx/TiO2 during Cr (VI) removal would come back to its external surface as the Cu(OH)2 precipitate at initial pH 4.0, which helped to prevent the generation of secondary pollution. The Cu(OH)2 precipitate would be decomposed into CuOx after calcination, which would then be transformed back into CuSx by re-sulfuration for regeneration. Hence, CuSx showed a magical induction effect on Cr (VI) recovery, and Cr (VI) from electroplating wastewater might be gradually enriched as Cr2O3 in the sandwich between CuSx and TiO2 through multiple regenerations and removals, which could be considered as a chromium ore resource for industrial applications when the amount of enriched Cr2O3 reached more than 30 wt%. Overall, CuSx/TiO2 showed great potential as a promising sorbent for Cr (VI) removal from electroplating wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Ma
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | - Mengle Liu
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | - Zichen Yang
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | - Qianxian Zheng
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | - Jian Mei
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China.
| | - Shijian Yang
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
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13
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Li Y, Chen X, Tian X, Liang J, Zhao Z, Ye J, Liu Y, Tong M. Sulfite Poses a Risk of Hexavalent Chromium Rebound in Vadose Zone: A Challenge of the Stability of Cr xFe 1-x(OH) 3. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:15203-15212. [PMID: 37729390 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Cr(VI) rebound is the primary risk associated with the reduction remediation of Cr(VI)-contaminated soil. The potential impact of sulfites, which can be produced by microbial activities or originate from sulfur-containing remediation agents, on the Cr(VI) rebound in the vadose zone has been overlooked. When sulfites are present, the stability of CrxFe1-x(OH)3 is compromised and significantly inferior to that of Cr(OH)3, as demonstrated in this paper. First, Fe acts as a catalyst for the conversion of adsorbed sulfite to SO4·-, which subsequently triggers the oxidation of Cr(III) and results in the rebound of Cr(VI). The heterogeneous catalysis by Fe on the surface of CrxFe1-x(OH)3 plays a predominant role, contributing to 78% of the actual oxidation of Cr(III) among all employed catalytic processes. The presence of ambient Cl- can exacerbate the rebound effect of Cr(VI) by promoting the generation of HOCl. Furthermore, a portion of released Cr(VI) was reduced to Cr(III) by dissolved sulfite in the presence of dissolved Fe as a catalyst, thereby increasing the dissolution and migration risk associated with CrxFe1-x(OH)3. Hence, the presence of sulfites results in a significant increase in the Cr(VI) rebound and Cr(III) release from CrxFe1-x(OH)3. This challenges the conventional understanding of the stability of CrxFe1-x(OH)3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, P. R. China
| | - Xinlei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Tian
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, P. R. China
| | - Jialiang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, P. R. China
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jiangyu Ye
- Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, P. R. China
| | - Yangsheng Liu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Meiping Tong
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
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14
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Cai H, Du X, Lin Z, Tao X, Zou M, Liu J, Zhang L, Dang Z, Lu G. Enhanced arsenic(III) sequestration via sulfidated zero-valent iron in aerobic conditions: Adsorption and oxidation coupling processes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 459:132190. [PMID: 37536156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Sulfidated zero-valent iron (S-ZVI) has shown significant potential for the removal of arsenic(III). However, little attention has been paid to the mechanism of As(III) sequestration enhancement and how the phase transformation for S-ZVI strengthens this process in aerobic conditions. In this work, sulfidated ZVI was created by ball-milling (S-ZVIbm) and liquid-mixing (S-ZVIlm) of ZVI with elemental sulfur(S0) to investigate the performance and mechanisms of As(III) sequestration in air-saturated water. Sulfidation was found to significantly enhance the As(III) removal rate constant, which was 2.8 ∼ 6.7 times (S-ZVIbm) and 3.1 ∼ 17.1 times (S-ZVIlm) higher than that without sulfidation. FeS was identified as the predominant sulfur species in the S-ZVI samples using S K-edge XANES spectra. The enhanced electron transfer and ZVI corrosion after sulfidation were verified via electrochemical tests. XANES and Mössbauer spectra suggested that lepidocrocite(γ-FeOOH) was the predominant corrosion product generated on the ZVI surface with the presence of oxygen, and DFT calculations further confirmed the improved performance of γ-FeOOH for As(III) sequestration. Besides, As(III) oxidation occurred dominantly on the heterogeneous surface rather than in solution, and the As(III) sequestration pathway of adsorption followed by oxidation was proposed. This study provides new insight into the enhanced As(III) sequestration by S-ZVI in aerobic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Cai
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaodong Du
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ziting Lin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xueqin Tao
- College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Mengyao Zou
- College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China.
| | - Jingyong Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhi Dang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guining Lu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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15
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Wan Y, Luo H, Cai Y, Dang Z, Yin H. Selective removal of total Cr from a complex water matrix by chitosan and biochar modified-FeS: Kinetics and underlying mechanisms. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 454:131475. [PMID: 37104956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Cr(VI) is difficult to remove from wastewater via a one-step method because it is a type of oxyanion. Developing ARPs to selectively remove total Cr is critical for Cr(VI) remediation, including Cr(VI) adsorption-reduction and Cr(III) complexation. Hereon, chitosan and biochar modified-FeS (CTS-FeS@BC) was prepared to apply in the selective removal of total Cr from wastewaters. The results showed that the activity of amorphous FeS on CTS-FeS@BC for Cr(VI) removal (110.0 mg/g FeS) was significantly enhanced by CTS and BC, and efficiency was inhibited slightly by many anions and humic acid (HA). Meanwhile, the removal of total Cr by CTS-FeS@BC (99.1 mg/g FeS) via ARPs was improved by 1.2 and 40.3 times when compared with CTS-FeS and raw FeS, respectively. Besides, CTS-FeS@BC exhibited an outstanding selectivity for total Cr removal in metal cations-Cr binary solutions and in a complex water matrix. The mechanism of ARPs on CTS-FeS@BC demonstrated by the results of the 1,10-phenanthroline experiment and the distribution of Cr species was that Cr(VI) was first adsorbed by outer-sphere complexation for reduction, and then adsorbed Cr(III) combined with Fe(III) species to generate Fe(III)-Cr(III) complex for total Cr removal. Overall, this study provides an ARP to effectively solve Cr pollution in wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wan
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Haoyu Luo
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuhao Cai
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhi Dang
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hua Yin
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Wastes Pollution Control and Recycling, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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16
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Dai Y, Dong Y, Duan L, Zhang B, Wang S, Zhao S. Unraveling the neglected role of elemental sulfur in chromate removal by sulfidated microscale zero-valent iron. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 449:131025. [PMID: 36801721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Elemental sulfur (S0), as an oxidation product of low-valent sulfur, is widely believed to inhibit the reactivity of sulfidated zero-valent iron (S-ZVI). However, this study found that the Cr(VI) removal and recyclability of S-ZVI with S0 as the dominant sulfur species were superior to those FeS or iron polysulfides (FeSx, x > 1) dominated ones. The more S0 directly mixed with ZVI, the better Cr(VI) removal obtained. This was ascribed to the formation of micro-galvanic cells, the semiconductor properties of cyclo-octasulfur S0 with sulfur atom substituted by Fe2+, and the in situ generations of highly reactive iron monosulfide (FeSaq) or polysulfides precursors (FeSx,aq). The Cr(VI) sequestration of FeSx,aq was 1.2-2 times that of FeSaq, and the reaction rate of amorphous iron sulfides (FexSy) in the removal of Cr(VI) by S-ZVI was 8- and 66-fold faster than that of crystalline FexSy and micron ZVI, respectively. The interaction of S0 with ZVI required direct contact and needed to overcome the spatial barrier caused by FexSy formation. These findings reveal the role of S0 in Cr(VI) removal by S-ZVI and guide the future development of in situ sulfidation technologies to utilize the highly reactive FexSy precursors for field remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinshun Dai
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Yamin Dong
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Liangfeng Duan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Baiyu Zhang
- The Northern Region Persistent Organic Pollution (NRPOP) Control Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3×5, Canada
| | - Shuguang Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Shan Zhao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China.
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