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Cao C, Wu YY, Lv ZY, Wang JW, Wang CW, Zhang H, Wang JJ, Chen H. Uptake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from PAH-contaminated soils to carrots and Chinese cabbages under the greenhouse and field conditions. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 360:142405. [PMID: 38782134 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with the properties of structural stability, semi-volatility, and hydrophobicity are toxic and persistent in environments; thus, their transport and fate in agroecosystems is essential for reducing PAH accumulation in the edible parts of crops. Here, we cultivated cabbages (Brassica pekinensis L.) and carrots (Daucus carota L.) in PAH-contaminated soils under the greenhouse and field conditions. After harvesting, we observed a 9.5-46% reduction in soil ∑PAH concentrations. There were 37% of bioconcentration factors (BCFbs) > 1 and 93% of translocation factors (TFab) > 1, while low-molecular-weight (LMW) PAHs had higher BCFbs than high-molecular-weight (HMW) PAHs. The PAH concentrations showed significant and positive correlations among soils, the belowground parts, and the aboveground parts. The toxicity equivalent concentration (TEQBaP) followed the order of cabbage (greenhouse) > cabbage (field) > carrot (greenhouse) > carrot (field), suggesting potentially higher health risks in cabbage relative to carrot and vegetables under the greenhouse relative to field condition. Our study suggested growing carrots under field conditions as a management strategy for reducing the risks of vegetables grown in PAH-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Cao
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Sustainable Development of Oasis, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Yu-Yao Wu
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Sustainable Development of Oasis, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Zhen-Ying Lv
- Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ji-Wei Wang
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Sustainable Development of Oasis, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Chen-Wen Wang
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China; Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Sustainable Development of Oasis, Lanzhou, 730070, Gansu, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, 610225, China
| | - Jun-Jian Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Science, Clemson University, South Carolina, 29634, United States.
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Wang Y, Slotsbo S, Sørensen PB, Holmstrup M. Low soil Moisture Slows Uptake and Elimination Rates of Phenanthrene in Springtails. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2024; 112:25. [PMID: 38280922 PMCID: PMC10821838 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-024-03854-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of soil water status on the toxicokinetics of phenanthrene in the springtail Folsomia candida allowing estimation of uptake and elimination rates at two contrasting soil water potentials. Fitting a three-phase model to the observations showed that uptake rate (ku) was almost two times higher in moist soil (-2 kPa) than in dry soil (-360 kPa). During the first days of the exposure, elimination rate (ke) was not significantly different in moist and dry soil, but after eight days ke had increased significantly more in moist soil than in dry soil. Our results confirm the general notion that the exposure route via soil pore water is important. Understanding the significance of soil moisture in exposure and effects of contaminants on soil invertebrates is crucial for assessing the ecological risks associated with soil pollution in a changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Building 1120, C.F. Møllers Allé 4, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
| | - Stine Slotsbo
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Building 1120, C.F. Møllers Allé 4, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
| | - Peter B Sørensen
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Building 1120, C.F. Møllers Allé 4, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
| | - Martin Holmstrup
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Building 1120, C.F. Møllers Allé 4, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark.
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Zeng J, Li Y, Dai Y, Zhu Q, Wu Y, Lin X. Soil drying legacy does not affect phenanthrene fate in soil but modifies bacterial community response. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023:121909. [PMID: 37245790 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Alteration of the structure of soil microbial communities following the elimination of hydrophobic organic pollutants (e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs) is generally assessed using DNA-based techniques, and soil is often required to dry prior to pollutant addition, to facilitate a better mix when establishing microcosms. However, the drying practice may have a legacy effect on soil microbial community structure, which would in turn influence the biodegradation process. Here, we used 14C-labeled phenanthrene to examine the potential side effects of precedent short-term drought events. The results indicate that the drying practice had legacy effects on soil microbial community structure, illustrated by irreversible shifts in the communities. The legacy effects had no significant impact on phenanthrene mineralization and non-extractable residue formation. However, they altered the response of bacterial communities to PAH degradation, leading to a decrease in the abundance of potential PAH degradation genes plausibly attributed to moderately abundant taxa. Based on a comparison of the varied effects of different drying intensity levels, an accurate description of microbial responses to phenanthrene degradation strongly relies on the establishment of stable microbial communities before PAH amendment. Concurrent alterations in the communities resulting from environmental perturbation could greatly mask minor alterations from the degradation of recalcitrant hydrophobic PAH. In practice, to minimize the legacy effects, a soil equilibration step with a reduced drying intensity is indispensable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing East Road, 71, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yanjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing East Road, 71, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Yeliang Dai
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing East Road, 71, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Qinghe Zhu
- State Environmental Protection Engineering Center for Urban Soil Contamination Control and Remediation, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yucheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing East Road, 71, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xiangui Lin
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing East Road, 71, Nanjing, 210008, China.
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