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Kundu M, Krishnan P, Vashist A, Sethi S, Kumar R, Chawla G, Dhillon MK. Development of the sustainable green nanosensor using corn silk extract for nitrate detection in leafy vegetables. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 260:116447. [PMID: 38820723 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Nitrate is prevalent in environment and present in foods of plant origin as part of nitrogen cycle. It is now one of the most pervasive and persistent contaminants in animal food chain. Present work is focussed on development of a novel green nanosensor using corn silk extract for nitrate detection in leafy vegetables (Spinacia oleracea, Amaranthus viridis and Amaranthus cruentus). The green reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and a nanocomposite (G-Fe3O4@rGO) was synthesized for the first-time using corn silk extract and used for fabrication of the nanosensor. Various characterization techniques were used to expose the optical, crystallographic and surface morphology details of the nanosubstrates. Electrochemical studies of the fabricated nanosensor were conducted using the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique. The performance of NiR/G-Fe3O4@rGO/ITO green nanosensor was the best, in terms of the electrochemical performance parameters among different fabricated nanosensors in the study. The developed green nanosensor demonstrated high sensitivity of 122.1 Ohm/log(mg/L)/cm2 and lower limit of detection 0.076 mg/L for detection of nitrate in leafy vegetables. The green nanosensor exhibited higher recovery rates (>86%) and high precision in nitrate detection in leafy vegetables (RSD <5.2%). Validation studies were conducted with HPLC technique also. The results of green nanosensor were found in good agreement with HPLC studies (p < 0.05) highlighting the market acceptability with usefulness and effectiveness of the nanosensor for food quality and safety evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kundu
- Division of Agricultural Physics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Prameela Krishnan
- Division of Agricultural Physics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Ananta Vashist
- Division of Agricultural Physics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Shruti Sethi
- Division of Food Science & Postharvest Technology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Gautam Chawla
- Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Dhillon
- Division of Entomology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
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Wahyuni WT, Rahman HA, Afifah S, Anindya W, Hidayat RA, Khalil M, Fan B, Putra BR. Comparison of the analytical performance of two different electrochemical sensors based on a composite of gold nanorods with carbon nanomaterials and PEDOT:PSS for the sensitive detection of nitrite in processed meat products. RSC Adv 2024; 14:24856-24873. [PMID: 39119281 PMCID: PMC11307257 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra04629c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Herein, two platforms for electrochemical sensors were developed based on a combination of gold nanorods (AuNRs) with electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ErGO) or with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and PEDOT:PSS for nitrite detection. The first and second electrodes were denoted as AuNRs/ErGO/PEDOT:PSS/GCE and AuNRs/MWCNT/PEDOT:PSS/GCE, respectively. Both materials for electrode modifiers were then characterized using UV-Vis and Raman spectroscopy, SEM, and HR-TEM. In addition, both sensors exhibit good electrochemical and electroanalytical performance for nitrite detection when investigated using voltammetric techniques. The synergistic effect between the AuNRs and their composites enhanced the electrocatalytic activity toward nitrite oxidation compared with the unmodified electrode, and the electroanalytical performance of the second electrode was superior to the first electrode. This is because the high surface area and conductivity of the MWCNTs in the second electrode provide the highest electrochemically active area (0.1510 cm2) among the other electrodes. Moreover, the second electrode exhibited a higher value for the surface coverage and the diffusion coefficient than the first electrode for nitrite detection. The electroanalytical performances of the first and second electrode for nitrite detection in terms of concentration range are 0.8-100 μM and 0.2-100 μM, limit of detection (0.2 μM and 0.08 μM), and measurement sensitivity (0.0451 μA μM-1 cm-2 and 0.0634 μA μM-1 cm-2). Good selectivity was also shown from both sensors in the presence of NaCl, Na2SO4, Na3PO4, MgSO4, NaHCO3, NaNO3, glucose, and ascorbic acid as interfering species for nitrite detection. Furthermore, both sensors were employed to detect nitrite as a food preservative in the beef sample, and the results showed no significant difference compared with the spectrophotometric technique. These results indicate that both proposed nitrite sensors may be further applied as promising electrochemical sensing platforms for in situ nitrite detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wulan Tri Wahyuni
- Department of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry Division, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University Bogor 16680 Indonesia
- Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, IPB University Bogor 16680 Indonesia
| | - Hemas Arif Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry Division, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University Bogor 16680 Indonesia
| | - Salmi Afifah
- Department of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry Division, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University Bogor 16680 Indonesia
| | - Weni Anindya
- Department of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry Division, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University Bogor 16680 Indonesia
| | - Rayyan Azzahra Hidayat
- Department of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry Division, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University Bogor 16680 Indonesia
| | - Munawar Khalil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Indonesia Depok 16424 Indonesia
| | - Bingbing Fan
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Budi Riza Putra
- Research Center for Metallurgy, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) PUSPIPTEK Gd. 470 South Tangerang Banten 15315 Indonesia
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Wang K, Wang R, Fang Y, Liu C, Zhu H, Rong X, Zhu B. Exploration of a new approach for detection of nitrite with hydroxyl radical fluorescence probe in aqueous solutions. Talanta 2024; 275:126118. [PMID: 38688087 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Nitrite (NO2-) has been widely recognized by the international community as an important substance affecting water quality safety and human health, and the detection of NO2- has always been a hot topic for researchers. Fluorescent probe method is an emerging and ideal way for detecting NO2-. Due to the high dependence of the reported reactive NO2- fluorescent probes on strong acidic systems, using the idea of photochemistry, a fluorescence analysis method for detecting NO2- was proposed in this work to change the necessity of strong acidic solutions in probe detection process. A 365 nm UV-LED lamp was used to irradiate NO2- in aqueous solution to convert it into hydroxyl radicals (HO·), and capture the photodegradation product of NO2- using coumarin-3-carboxylic acid as probe 3-CCA that can react with HO· to generate only one type of strong fluorescent substance. This probe has excellent photostability, selectivity, and anti-interference ability, and can realize the quantitative detection of NO2- (0-15 μM) in pure aqueous solution with pH of 7.4. In addition, its application in actual water samples is also satisfactory, with a recovery rate of (85.91 %-107.30 %). Importantly, we hope that this photolysis strategy can open up the novel thinking to develop suitable fluorescent probes for the analysis and detection of some hardly detected analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Yikun Fang
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Caiyun Liu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China.
| | - Hanchuang Zhu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Xiaodi Rong
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Baocun Zhu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China.
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Zhao X, Lu Y, Wu J, Yang Y, Li B, Li H, Sun Y, Yan X, Liu X, Lu G. Construction of portable hydrogel kits with self-ratio optical bimodal detection and smartphone imaging for on-site nitrite screening. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 263:116622. [PMID: 39096762 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Accurate on-site detection of nitrite in complex matrices remains a significant challenge. Herin, we construct a self-ratio optical bimodal portable kit via co-assembling NaErF4:0.5%Tm@NaYF4@NaYbF4:0.5%Tm@NaYF4 (Er:Tm@Yb:Tm) and nitrogen-doped carbon platinum nanomaterials (Pt/CN) in sodium alginate (SA) hydrogel. Pt/CN nanomaterials are synthesized by high-temperature sintering using a zinc-based zeolite imidazolium framework as a sacrificial template. The Pt/CN nanozyme possesses excellent oxidase-like activity to produce the oxidation state 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (oxTMB). Nitrite mediates diazotization of oxTMB to trigger the change of absorption signals, accompanying the ratio fluorescence response of the Er:Tm@Yb:Tm. Crucially, Er:Tm@Yb:Tm and Pt/CN are embedded in SA hydrogel to fabricate a portable kit with efficient and sensitive performance. An image processing algorithm is used to analyze the nitrite-induced signal change of the portable hydrogel kit, resulting in detection limits of 0.63 μM. This method has great potential for point-of-care applications due to its reliability, long-term stability, accuracy, sensitivity, and portability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Gas Sensors of Jilin Province, College of Electronic Science & Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Yang Lu
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Gas Sensors of Jilin Province, College of Electronic Science & Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Jiahang Wu
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Gas Sensors of Jilin Province, College of Electronic Science & Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Yuhan Yang
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Gas Sensors of Jilin Province, College of Electronic Science & Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Bai Li
- Colorectal & Anal Surgery Department, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, PR China
| | - Hongxia Li
- Department of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, PR China
| | - Yanfeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Gas Sensors of Jilin Province, College of Electronic Science & Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Xu Yan
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Gas Sensors of Jilin Province, College of Electronic Science & Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China.
| | - Xiaomin Liu
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Gas Sensors of Jilin Province, College of Electronic Science & Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China.
| | - Geyu Lu
- State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Gas Sensors of Jilin Province, College of Electronic Science & Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, PR China
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Mikhail IE, Murray E, Bluett S, Astrakhantseva S, Paull B. Simultaneous separation and detection of monochloramine, nitrite, and nitrate by step-gradient mixed-mode ion chromatography: Translation from benchtop to portable ion chromatograph. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1304:342557. [PMID: 38637041 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrite (NO2-) and nitrate (NO3-) can be produced in the distribution systems of chloraminated drinking water due to the nitrification of ammonia. The most applied inorganic chloramine for this purpose, namely monochloramine (NH2Cl), is also released into aquatic environments from water treatment plants' effluent and within industrial waste streams. Within the treatment process, the continuous monitoring of disinfectant levels is necessary to limit the harmful disinfectant by-product (DBP) formation. Currently, NH2Cl can interfere with nutrient analysis in water samples, and there are no analytical techniques available for the simultaneous analysis of NH2Cl, NO2-, and NO3-. RESULTS A green analytical method based on mixed-mode ion chromatography, specifically ion exchange and ion exclusion modes, was developed for the simultaneous separation and detection of NH2Cl, NO2-, and NO3-. The separation was achieved using a Dionex IonPac AG15 column guard column and a step gradient elution involving deionized water and 120.0 mM NaCl. The method was developed using a benchtop HPLC with a custom-made multi-wavelength UV absorbance detector with a 50-mm flow cell to enable the sensitive detection of NH2Cl, NO2-, and NO3- at 240 nm, 220 nm, and 215 nm, respectively. The developed method was then transferred to a portable ion chromatography (IC) system, the Aquamonitrix analyser. The total run time was less than 10 min for both systems. The benchtop HPLC method had a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.07 μg mL-1 as Cl2 for NH2Cl, 0.01 μg mL-1 for NO2-, and 0.03 μg mL-1 for NO3-. The LODs obtained using the portable Aquamonitrix analyser were found to be 0.36 μg mL-1 as Cl2, 0.02 μg mL-1, and 0.11 μg mL-1 for NH2Cl, NO2-, and NO3-, respectively. Excellent linearity (r ≥ 0.9999) was achieved using the portable analyser over the studied concentration ranges. The developed system was applied to the analysis of spiked municipal drinking water samples and showed excellent repeatability for the three analytes at three different concentration levels (RSD of triplicate recovery experiments ≤ 1.9 %). Moreover, the variation in retention time was negligible for the three target analytes with RSD ≤ 0.8 % over 12 runs. SIGNIFICANCE We are reporting the first ion chromatographic method for the simultaneous separation and detection of NH2Cl, NO2-, and NO3- in water samples. The monitoring of NH2Cl, NO2-, and NO3- is critical for the determination of disinfectant dosing, water quality, and nitrification status. The developed method can be applied using a benchtop HPLC or via the portable automated IC system to monitor for the three target compounds analysis in water treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibraam E Mikhail
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences (Chemistry), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Eoin Murray
- Research & Development, Aquamonitrix Ltd., Tullow, Carlow, Ireland; Research & Development, T.E. Laboratories Ltd. (TelLab), Tullow, Carlow, Ireland
| | - Simon Bluett
- Research & Development, Aquamonitrix Ltd., Tullow, Carlow, Ireland
| | - Snezhana Astrakhantseva
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences (Chemistry), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - Brett Paull
- Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science (ACROSS), School of Natural Sciences (Chemistry), University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia.
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Yin R, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhao J, Shang C. Far-UVC Photolysis of Peroxydisulfate for Micropollutant Degradation in Water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:6030-6038. [PMID: 38517061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c09120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Increasing radical yields to reduce UV fluence requirement for achieving targeted removal of micropollutants in water would make UV-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) less energy demanding in the context of United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals and carbon neutrality. We herein demonstrate that, by switching the UV radiation source from conventional low-pressure UV at 254 nm (UV254) to emerging Far-UVC at 222 nm (UV222), the fluence-based concentration of HO• in the UV/peroxydisulfate (UV/PDS) AOP increases by 6.40, 2.89, and 6.00 times in deionized water, tap water, and surface water, respectively, with increases in the fluence-based concentration of SO4•- also by 5.06, 5.81, and 55.47 times, respectively. The enhancement to radical generation is confirmed using a kinetic model. The pseudo-first-order degradation rate constants of 16 micropollutants by the UV222/PDS AOP in surface water are predicted to be 1.94-13.71 times higher than those by the UV254/PDS AOP. Among the tested water matrix components, chloride and nitrate decrease SO4•- but increase HO• concentration in the UV222/PDS AOP. Compared to the UV254/PDS AOP, the UV222/PDS AOP decreases the formation potentials of carbonaceous disinfection byproducts (DBPs) but increases the formation potentials of nitrogenous DBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
- Institute for the Environment and Health, Nanjing University Suzhou Campus, Suzhou 215163, China
| | - Yuliang Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Yongyi Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Chii Shang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Control & Treatment of Heavy Metal Pollution, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Ao X, Zhang X, Sun W, Linden KG, Payne EM, Mao T, Li Z. What is the role of nitrate/nitrite in trace organic contaminants degradation and transformation during UV-based advanced oxidation processes? WATER RESEARCH 2024; 253:121259. [PMID: 38377923 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The effectiveness of UV-based advanced oxidation processes (UV-AOPs) in degrading trace organic contaminants (TrOCs) can be significantly influenced by the ubiquitous presence of nitrate (NO3-) and nitrite (NO2-) in water and wastewater. Indeed, NO3-/NO2- can play multiple roles of NO3-/NO2- in UV-AOPs, leading to complexities and conflicting results observed in existing research. They can inhibit the degradation of TrOCs by scavenging reactive species and/or competitively absorbing UV light. Conversely, they can also enhance the elimination of TrOCs by generating additional •OH and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Furthermore, the presence of NO3-/NO2- during UV-AOP treatment can affect the transformation pathways of TrOCs, potentially resulting in the nitration/nitrosation of TrOCs. The resulting nitro(so)-products are generally more toxic than the parent TrOCs and may become precursors of nitrogenous disinfection byproducts (N-DBPs) upon chlorination. Particularly, since the impact of NO3-/NO2- in UV-AOPs is largely due to the generation of RNS from NO3-/NO2- including NO•, NO2•, and peroxynitrite (ONOO-/ONOOH), this review covers the generation, properties, and detection methods of these RNS. From kinetic, mechanistic, and toxicologic perspectives, future research needs are proposed to advance the understanding of how NO3-/NO2- can be exploited to improve the performance of UV-AOPs treating TrOCs. This critical review provides a comprehensive framework outlining the multifaceted impact of NO3-/NO2- in UV-AOPs, contributing insights for basic research and practical applications of UV-AOPs containing NO3-/NO2-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuwei Ao
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Environmental and Energy Technology of MOST, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Environmental and Energy Technology of MOST, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Wenjun Sun
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Suzhou) Tsinghua, Suzhou, 215163, China.
| | - Karl G Linden
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 4001 Discovery Drive, Boulder, CO 80303, United States.
| | - Emma M Payne
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, 4001 Discovery Drive, Boulder, CO 80303, United States
| | - Ted Mao
- Research Institute for Environmental Innovation (Suzhou) Tsinghua, Suzhou, 215163, China; MW Technologies, Inc., Ontario L8N1E, Canada
| | - Zifu Li
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Environmental and Energy Technology of MOST, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
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8
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Fahemi N, Angizi S, Hatamie A. Integration of Ultrathin Bubble Walls and Electrochemistry: Innovation in Microsensing for Forensic Nitrite Detection and Microscale Metallic Film Deposition. Anal Chem 2024. [PMID: 38324919 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
We present a strategy for electrochemical measurements using a durable minute bubble wall with a thickness of 27 μm (D = 1.8 cm) as an innovative electrochemical medium. The composition, thickness, and volume of the tiny bubble film were investigated and estimated using the spectroscopic method and the Beer-Lambert law. A carbon microelectrode (D = 10 μm) was then employed as the working electrode, inserted through the bubble wall to function as the solution interface. First, the potential of this method for microelectrodeposition of metallic Ag and Pd films in a tiny bubble was investigated. Interestingly, microscopic images of the deposited film clearly demonstrated that the bubble thickness determines and confines the electrochemical deposition zone. In other words, innovative template-free microelectrodeposition was achieved. In the second phase of our work, microelectroanalysis of trace levels of nitrite ions was performed within the bubble wall and on a foam-covered hand, between the fingers directly, with a low limit of detection of 28 μM. This technique holds significance in criminal investigations, as the presence of NO2- ions on the hand indicates the potential presence of gunshot residue and aids in identifying suspects. In comparison to current methods, this approach is rapid, simple, cost-effective, and amenable to on-site applications, eliminating the need for sample treatment. Ultimately, the utilization of a bubble wall as a novel electrochemical microreactor can open new ways in microelectrochemical analysis, presenting novel opportunities and applications in the field of electrochemical sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoo Fahemi
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Prof. Sobouti Boulevard, P.O. Box 45195-1159, Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
| | - Shayan Angizi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Amir Hatamie
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Prof. Sobouti Boulevard, P.O. Box 45195-1159, Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Kemivägen 10, Gothenburg 412 96, Sweden
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Li Z, Hu Y, Wang L, Liu H, Ren T, Wang C, Li D. Selective and Accurate Detection of Nitrate in Aquaculture Water with Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) Using Gold Nanoparticles Decorated with β-Cyclodextrins. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:1093. [PMID: 38400251 PMCID: PMC10893249 DOI: 10.3390/s24041093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
A surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) method for measuring nitrate nitrogen in aquaculture water was developed using a substrate of β-cyclodextrin-modified gold nanoparticles (SH-β-CD@AuNPs). Addressing the issues of low sensitivity, narrow linear range, and relatively poor selectivity of single metal nanoparticles in the SERS detection of nitrate nitrogen, we combined metal nanoparticles with cyclodextrin supramolecular compounds to prepare a AuNPs substrate enveloped by cyclodextrin, which exhibits ultra-high selectivity and Raman activity. Subsequently, vanadium(III) chloride was used to convert nitrate ions into nitrite ions. The adsorption mechanism between the reaction product benzotriazole (BTAH) of o-phenylenediamine (OPD) and nitrite ions on the SH-β-CD@AuNPs substrate was studied through SERS, achieving the simultaneous detection of nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen. The experimental results show that BTAH exhibits distinct SERS characteristic peaks at 1168, 1240, 1375, and 1600 cm-1, with the lowest detection limits of 3.33 × 10-2, 5.84 × 10-2, 2.40 × 10-2, and 1.05 × 10-2 μmol/L, respectively, and a linear range of 0.1-30.0 μmol/L. The proposed method provides an effective tool for the selective and accurate online detection of nitrite and nitrate nitrogen in aquaculture water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- National Innovation Center for Digital Fishery, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Integrated Circuit, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Farming Technologies for Aquatic Animal and Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yang Hu
- National Innovation Center for Digital Fishery, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Farming Technologies for Aquatic Animal and Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Liu Wang
- National Innovation Center for Digital Fishery, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Farming Technologies for Aquatic Animal and Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Houfang Liu
- School of Integrated Circuit, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tianling Ren
- School of Integrated Circuit, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Cong Wang
- National Innovation Center for Digital Fishery, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Farming Technologies for Aquatic Animal and Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Daoliang Li
- National Innovation Center for Digital Fishery, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Farming Technologies for Aquatic Animal and Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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Kodamatani H, Sugihara K, Mezyk SP, Ishida KP, Roback SL, Plumlee MH. Methyl nitrate as a byproduct in advanced water treatment systems: Liquid chromatographic determination method and cause of formation. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 344:140308. [PMID: 37769907 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Neutral low-molecular-weight organics such as methyl nitrate that can readily pass through reverse osmosis (RO) membranes employed in potable water reuse facilities attract interest owing to public health considerations. In this study, a novel determination method based on high-performance liquid chromatography, online photochemical conversion to peroxynitrite, and luminol chemiluminescence detection was developed for methyl nitrate measurement in treated water. The maximum photochemical conversion efficiency of methyl nitrate to peroxynitrite was found to be 6.5% using a 222-nm excimer lamp. The calibration curve for the developed method was linear between 1.0 × 10-9 and 1.0 × 10-7 M, and the limit of detection was 0.3 nM (0.03 μg/L) given an injection volume of 200 μL. The methyl nitrate concentrations in RO permeate from reclaimed wastewater and product water after subsequent treatment by a UV/H2O2 advanced oxidation process (AOP) were 2.2 and 22.5 nM (0.17 and 1.7 μg/L), respectively. UV irradiation of RO permeate in the laboratory using a low-pressure Hg lamp confirmed the formation of methyl nitrate in the permeate in the absence of H2O2 and residual chloramines. This chemiluminescent detection method for methyl nitrate will promote a greater understanding of the origin and formation of this treatment byproduct in reclaimed wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Kodamatani
- Chemistry Program, Department of Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan.
| | - Kenta Sugihara
- Chemistry Program, Department of Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Stephen P Mezyk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, CA, 90840, USA
| | - Kenneth P Ishida
- Research and Development Department, Orange County Water District, Fountain Valley, CA, 92708, USA
| | - Shannon L Roback
- Social Ecology, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Megan H Plumlee
- Research and Development Department, Orange County Water District, Fountain Valley, CA, 92708, USA
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Li D, Xu S, Jin H, Wang J, Yan F. Copper Nanoparticles Confined in a Silica Nanochannel Film for the Electrochemical Detection of Nitrate Ions in Water Samples. Molecules 2023; 28:7515. [PMID: 38005239 PMCID: PMC10673492 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The nitrate ion (NO3-) is a typical pollutant in environmental samples, posing a threat to the aquatic ecosystem and human health. Therefore, rapid and accurate detection of NO3- is crucial for both the aquatic sciences and government regulations. Here we report the fabrication of an amino-functionalized, vertically ordered mesoporous silica film (NH2-VMSF) confining localized copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) for the electrochemical detection of NO3-. NH2-VMSF-carrying amino groups possess an ordered perpendicular nanochannel structure and ultrasmall nanopores, enabling the confined growth of CuNPs through the electrodeposition method. The resulting CuNPs/NH2-VMSF-modified indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode (CuNPs/NH2-VMSF/ITO) combines the electrocatalytic reduction ability of CuNPs and the electrostatic attraction capacity of NH2-VMSF towards NO3-. Thus, it is a rapid and sensitive electrochemical method for the determination of NO3- with a wide linear detection range of 5.0-1000 μM and a low detection limit of 2.3 μM. Direct electrochemical detection of NO3- in water samples (tap water, lake water, seawater, and rainwater) with acceptable recoveries ranging from 97.8% to 109% was performed, demonstrating that the proposed CuNPs/NH2-VMSF/ITO sensor has excellent reproducibility, regeneration, and anti-interference abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewang Li
- Donghai Laboratory, Zhoushan 316021, China; (D.L.); (H.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Shuai Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China;
| | - Haiyan Jin
- Donghai Laboratory, Zhoushan 316021, China; (D.L.); (H.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Jinqing Wang
- College of Metrology and Measurement Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China;
| | - Fei Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China;
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Pan Y, Jiang J, Kan X. Diazo-reaction based dual-mode colorimetric-electrochemical sensing of nitrite in pickled food. Analyst 2023; 148:4869-4876. [PMID: 37642153 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01196h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Development of an effective and convenient sensor for sensitive detection of nitrites is of great concern since excessive amounts of nitrites can be harmful to both human health and the environment. In this work, Cu-MOF modified exfoliated graphite paper (EGP) was employed as a signal reporter to enable the visual and electrochemical dual-mode sensing of nitrites. Cu-MOFs were in situ synthesized on EGP, which exhibited an excellent oxidase enzyme-like activity to oxidize 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) into its oxidation product (oxTMB). The multi-layer structure and the superior electrical conductivity of EGP not only facilitated the loading of the Cu-MOF nanozyme for colorimetric sensing but also enabled its use as an underlying backbone to support electroanalysis. Based on the recognition of nitrite through a highly specific diazo reaction between nitrite and oxTMB, the addition of nitrite caused the colorimetric sensing solution to change color from blue to green, which allowed for the colorimetric sensing of nitrite with a limit of detection (LOD) of 8.5 × 10-6 mol L-1. Meanwhile, the Cu-MOF/EGP electrochemical platform was employed for ratiometric detection of nitrite based on the electrochemical oxidation of nitrite and TMB. Compared with the colorimetric mode, the electrochemical mode possessed higher sensitivity with a LOD of 5.4 × 10-7 mol L-1, indicating the high sensitivity and accuracy of the proposed dual-mode sensing strategy. Furthermore, the determination of nitrite in different pickled food samples is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Pan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo-Biosensing, China.
| | - Jing Jiang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo-Biosensing, China.
| | - Xianwen Kan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, P. R. China
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education; Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Chemo-Biosensing, China.
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