1
|
Xing Z, Wang G, Liu S, Chen H, Dong X, Wang H, Liu Y. Legacy and emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in agricultural soils affected by fluorochemical manufacturing facilities, North China: Occurrence, region-specific distribution, substitution trend and source appointment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 474:134770. [PMID: 38838522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Accompanied with restriction of legacy per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), numbers of emerging PFASs are widely detected in the environment. However, information on environmental occurrences and behaviors of emerging PFASs were scarce in agricultural soils. In this study, the spatial distributions, sources, substitution trends and ecological risk assessment of 31 legacy and emerging PFASs were investigated in 69 agricultural soils from Fuxin, North China. The 26 out of 31 PFASs were detected with concentrations of 57.36 - 1271.06 pg/g dry weight. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA) were predominant in legacy and emerging PFASs, respectively. Based on principal component and dual carbon-nitrogen stable isotope analysis, atmosphere, fluorochemical activities and river irrigation were main sources of PFASs. Substitution trends indicated HFPO-DA and short chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (C4 - C7) as main alternatives of PFOA, and 6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid (6:2 FTSA) and sodium p-perfluorous nonenoxybenzene sulfonate (OBS) as major substitutes to perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS). The calculated risk quotient values (< 0.006) only indicated potential low ecological risk of 7 target PFASs in agricultural soils. The results of this study broadened out the information of PFAS contamination in agricultural soils, which were significant for PFAS supervision in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziao Xing
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, No. 1 Linghai Road, Dalian 116026, PR China
| | - Guoguang Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, No. 1 Linghai Road, Dalian 116026, PR China.
| | - Shuaihao Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, No. 1 Linghai Road, Dalian 116026, PR China
| | - Haiyue Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, No. 1 Linghai Road, Dalian 116026, PR China
| | - Xu Dong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, No. 1 Linghai Road, Dalian 116026, PR China
| | - Haixia Wang
- Navigation College, Dalian Maritime University, No.1 Linghai Road, Dalian 116026, PR China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, No. 1 Linghai Road, Dalian 116026, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li J, Hu C, Zhao B, Li J, Chen L. Proteomic and cardiac dysregulation by representative perfluoroalkyl acids of different chemical speciation during early embryogenesis of zebrafish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:172000. [PMID: 38552965 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) of different chemical speciation were previously found to cause diverse toxicity. However, the toxicological mechanisms depending on chemical speciation are still largely unknown. In this follow-up study, zebrafish embryos were acutely exposed to only one concentration at 4.67 μM of the acid and salt of representative PFAAs, including perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorobutane carboxylic acid (PFBA), and perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS), till 96 h post-fertilization (hpf), aiming to gain more mechanistic insights. High-throughput proteomics found that PFAA acid and salt exerted discriminative effects on protein expression pattern. Bioinformatic analyses based on differentially expressed proteins underlined the developmental cardiotoxicity of PFOA acid with regard to cardiac muscle contraction, vascular smooth muscle contraction, adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes, and multiple terms related to myocardial contraction. PFOA salt and PFBS acid merely disrupted the cardiac muscle contraction pathway, while cardiac muscle cell differentiation was significantly enriched in PFBA acid-exposed zebrafish larvae. Consistently, under PFAA exposure, especially PFOA and PFBS acid forms, transcriptional levels of key genes for cardiogenesis and the concentrations of troponin and epinephrine associated with myocardial contraction were significantly dysregulated. Moreover, a transgenic line Tg (my17: GFP) expressing green fluorescent protein in myocardial cells was employed to visualize the histopathology of developing heart. PFOA acid concurrently caused multiple deficits in heart morphogenesis and function, which were characterized by the significant increase in sinus venosus and bulbus arteriosus distance (SV-BA distance), the induction of pericardial edema, and the decrease in heart rate, further confirming the stronger toxicity of PFOA acid than the salt counterpart on heart development. Overall, this study highlighted the developmental cardiotoxicity of PFAAs, with potency ranking PFOA > PFBS > PFBA. The acid forms of PFAAs induced stronger cardiac toxicity than their salt counterparts, providing an additional insight into the structure-toxicity relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430072, China; Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chenyan Hu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Jiali Li
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lianguo Chen
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Du J, Zhang X, Li B, Huo S, Zhang J, Fu Y, Song M, Shao B, Li Y. The hepatotoxicity of hexafluoropropylene oxide trimer acid caused by apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial crosstalk. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 922:171234. [PMID: 38428612 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
As a ubiquitous pollutant in the environment, hexafluoropropylene oxide trimer acid (HFPO-TA) has been proven to have strong hepatotoxicity. However, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Consequently, in vivo and in vitro models of HFPO-TA exposure were established to investigate the detrimental effects of HFPO-TA on the liver. In vivo, we discovered that HFPO-TA enhanced endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondrial association, caused mitochondrial oxidative damage, activated ER stress, and induced apoptosis in mouse livers. In vitro experiments confirmed that IP3R overexpression on ER structure increased mitochondrial calcium levels, which led to mitochondrial damage and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in HepG2 cells exposed to HFPO-TA. Subsequently, damaged mitochondria released a large amount of mitochondrial ROS, which activated ER stress and ER stress-dependent apoptosis. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that HFPO-TA can induce apoptosis by regulating the crosstalk between ER and mitochondria, ultimately leading to liver damage. These findings reveal the significant hepatotoxicity of HFPO-TA and its potential mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xuliang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Bo Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Siming Huo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yang Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Department of Veterinary Medicine, Heze Vocational College, Heze 274031, China
| | - Miao Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Bing Shao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yanfei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xu C, Xu C, Zhou Q, Shen C, Peng L, Liu S, Yin S, Li F. Spatial distribution, isomer signature and air-soil exchange of legacy and emerging poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 343:123222. [PMID: 38145639 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Widespread occurrences of various poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in terrestrial environment calls for the growing interest in their transport behaviors. However, limited studies detected PFAS with structural diversity in tree barks, which reflect the long-term contamination in atmosphere and play a vital role in air-soil exchange behaviors. In this study, 26 PFAS congeners and typical branched isomers were investigated in surface soils and tree barks at 28 sites along the Taihu Lake, Taipu River, and Huangpu River. Concentrations of total PFAS in soils and tree barks were 0.991-29.4 and 7.99-188 ng/g dw, with PFPeA and PFDoA were the largest contributors in the two matrices. The highest PFAS levels were found in the Taihu Lake watershed, where textile manufacturing and metal plating activities highly prosper. With regard to the congener and isomer signatures, short-chain homologs dominated in soils (65.5%), whereas long-chain PFAS showed a major proportion in barks (41.9%). The composition of linear isomers of PFOS, PFOA and PFHxS implied that precursor degradation might be an important source of PFAS in addition to the 3M electrochemical fluorination (ECF). Additionally, the distance from the emission source, total organic carbon (TOC), logKOA and logKOW were considered potential influencing factors in PFAS distributions. Based on the multi-media fugacity model, about 71% of the fugacity fraction (ffs) values of the PFAS were below 0.3, indicating the dominant deposition from the atmosphere to the soil. The average fluxes of air-soil exchange for PFAS were -0.700 ± 11.0 ng/(m2·h). Notably, the estimated daily exposure to PFAS ranged from 9.57 × 10-2 to 8.59 × 10-1 ng/kg·bw/day for children and 3.31 × 10-2 to 3.09 × 10-1 ng/kg·bw/day for adults, suggesting low risks from outdoor inhalation and dermal uptake. Overall, results from distribution with structural diversity, air-soil exchange and preliminary risk assessment. This study provided in-depth insight of PFAS in multi-medium environment and bridged gaps between field data and policy-making for pollution control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenye Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Chenman Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Chensi Shen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Leni Peng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Shuren Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy (IRA), Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Shanshan Yin
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy (IRA), Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Fang Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China.
| |
Collapse
|