1
|
Yang Q, Qian H, Guo Y, Bai X, Li J, Chen C. Rapid Release of Halocarbons from Saline Water by Iron-Based Photochemistry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:20781-20791. [PMID: 38010203 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Methyl halides play important roles in stratospheric ozone depletion, but their formation mechanisms are not well defined. This study demonstrated that iron-based photochemistry significantly enhanced alkyl halide production by promoting the reaction of the representative monomer of lignin with halide ions in saline water under solar light irradiation. The methyl chloride (CH3Cl) emission from the light/Fe(III) process was 2 orders of magnitude higher than dark treatment and in the absence of iron. In addition, bromide and iodide showed better reactivity in the formation of the corresponding methyl bromide (CH3Br) and methyl iodide (CH3I). Alkyl halides identified from seawater, brackish water, and salt pan water under sunlight irradiation were positively correlated with the Fe(III) concentrations, indicating that iron-based photochemistry is ubiquitous. This work suggested that the photoinduced formation of methyl radical and redox cycling of iron triggered by the Fenton-like reaction are responsible for the enhanced release of alkyl halides. This study represents an abiotic formation pathway of alkyl halides, which accounts for a portion of the unidentified sources of halocarbons in the ocean.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- Department of Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Heng Qian
- Department of Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Yang Guo
- Department of Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Xueling Bai
- Department of Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, P. R. China
| | - Chuncheng Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mekic M, Schaefer T, Hoffmann EH, Aiyuk MBE, Tilgner A, Herrmann H. Temperature-Dependent Oxidation of Hydroxylated Aldehydes by •OH, SO 4•-, and NO 3• Radicals in the Atmospheric Aqueous Phase. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:6495-6508. [PMID: 37498295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c00700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
T-dependent aqueous-phase rate constants were determined for the oxidation of the hydroxy aldehydes, glyceraldehyde, glycolaldehyde, and lactaldehyde, by the hydroxyl radicals (•OH), the sulfate radicals (SO4•-), and the nitrate radicals (NO3•). The obtained Arrhenius expressions for the oxidation by the •OH radical are: k(T,GLYCERALDEHYDE+OH•) = (3.3 ± 0.1) × 1010 × exp((-960 ± 80 K)/T)/L mol-1 s-1, k(T,GLYCOLALDEHYDE+OH•) = (4.3 ± 0.1) × 1011 × exp((-1740 ± 50 K)/T)/L mol-1 s-1, k(T,LACTALDEHYDE+OH•) = (1.6 ± 0.1) × 1011 × exp((-1410 ± 180 K)/T)/L mol-1 s-1; for the SO4•- radical: k(T,GLYCERALDEHYDE+SO4•-) = (4.3 ± 0.1) × 109 × exp((-1400 ± 50 K)/T)/L mol-1 s-1, k(T,GLYCOLALDEHYDE+SO4•-) = (10.3 ± 0.3) × 109 × exp((-1730 ± 190 K)/T)/L mol-1 s-1, k(T,LACTALDEHYDE+SO4•-) = (2.2 ± 0.1) × 109 × exp((-1030 ± 230 K)/T)/L mol-1 s-1; and for the NO3• radical: k(T,GLYCERALDEHYDE+NO3•) = (3.4 ± 0.2) × 1011 × exp((-3470 ± 460 K)/T)/L mol-1 s-1, k(T,GLYCOLALDEHYDE+NO3•) = (7.8 ± 0.2) × 1011 × exp((-3820 ± 240 K)/T)/L mol-1 s-1, k(T,LACTALDEHYDE+NO3•) = (4.3 ± 0.2) × 1010 × exp((-2750 ± 340 K)/T)/L mol-1 s-1, respectively. Targeted simulations of multiphase chemistry reveal that the oxidation by OH radicals in cloud droplets is important under remote and wildfire influenced continental conditions due to enhanced partitioning. There, the modeled average aqueous •OH concentration is 2.6 × 10-14 and 1.8 × 10-14 mol L-1, whereas it is 7.9 × 10-14 and 3.5 × 10-14 mol L-1 under wet particle conditions. During cloud periods, the aqueous-phase reactions by •OH contribute to the oxidation of glycolaldehyde, lactaldehyde, and glyceraldehyde by about 35 and 29%, 3 and 3%, and 47 and 37%, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Majda Mekic
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Schaefer
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Erik H Hoffmann
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marvel B E Aiyuk
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Tilgner
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hartmut Herrmann
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Priyadarshini M, Ahmad A, Das I, Ghangrekar MM, Dutta BK. Efficacious degradation of ethylene glycol by ultraviolet activated persulphate: reaction kinetics, transformation mechanisms, energy demand, and toxicity assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:85071-85086. [PMID: 37227630 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27596-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene glycol or 1,2-ethanediol (EG) is a persistent and toxic substance in the environment and extensively applied in petrochemical, surfactants, antifreeze, asphalt emulsion paints, cosmetics, plastics, and polyester fiber industries. Degradation of EG by using ultraviolet (UV) activated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and persulfate (PS) or persulfate anion (S2O82-) based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) were explored. The result obtained demonstrate that UV/PS (85.7 ± 2.5%) has exhibited improved degradation efficiency of EG as compared to UV/H2O2 (40.4 ± 3.2%) at optimal operating conditions of 24 mM of EG concentration, 5 mM of H2O2, 5 mM of PS, 1.02 mW cm-2 of UV fluence, and pH of 7.0. Impacts of operating factors, including initial EG concentration, oxidant dosage, reaction duration, and the impact of different water quality parameters, were also explored in this present investigation. The degradation of EG in Milli-Q® water followed pseudo - first order reaction kinetics in both methods having a rate constant of about 0.070 min-1 and 0.243 min-1 for UV/H2O2 and UV/PS, respectively, at optimum operating conditions. Additionally, an economic assessment was also conducted under optimal experimental conditions, and the electrical energy per order and total operational cost for treating per m3 of EG-laden wastewater was observed to be about 0.042 kWh m-3 order-1 and 0.221 $ m-3 order-1, respectively, for UV/PS, which was slightly lower than UV/H2O2 (0.146 kWh m-3 order-1; 0.233 $ m-3 order-1). The potential degradation mechanisms were proposed based on intermediate by-products detected by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Moreover, real petrochemical effluent containing EG was also treated by UV/PS, demonstrating 74.7 ± 3.8% of EG and 40.7 ± 2.6% of total organic carbon removal at 5 mM of PS and 1.02 mW cm-2 of UV fluence. A toxicity tests on Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Vigna radiata (green gram) confirmed non-toxic nature of UV/PS treated water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monali Priyadarshini
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Azhan Ahmad
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| | - Indrasis Das
- Environmental Engineering Department, CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Adyar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600020, India
| | - Makarand Madhao Ghangrekar
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India.
| | - Binay K Dutta
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang J, Huang D, Chen F, Chen J, Jiang H, Zhu Y, Chen C, Zhao J. Rapid Redox Cycling of Fe(II)/Fe(III) in Microdroplets during Iron-Citric Acid Photochemistry. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:4434-4442. [PMID: 36883325 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fe(III) and carboxylic acids are common compositions in atmospheric microdroplet systems like clouds, fogs, and aerosols. Although photochemical processes of Fe(III)-carboxylate complexes have been extensively studied in bulk aqueous solution, relevant information on the dynamic microdroplet system, which may be largely different from the bulk phase, is rare. With the help of the custom-made ultrasonic-based dynamic microdroplet photochemical system, this study examines the photochemical process of Fe(III)-citric acid complexes in microdroplets for the first time. We find that when the degradation extent of citric acid is similar between the microdroplet system and the bulk solution, the significantly lower Fe(II) ratio is present in microdroplet samples due to the rapider reoxidation of photogenerated Fe(II). However, by replacing citric acid with benzoic acid, no much difference in the Fe(II) ratio between microdroplets and bulk solution is observed, which indicates distinct reoxidation pathways of Fe(II). Moreover, the presence of •OH scavenger, namely, methanol, greatly accelerates the reoxidation of photogenerated Fe(II) in both citric acid and benzoic acid situations. Further experiments reveal that the high availability of O2 and the citric acid- or methanol-derived carbon-centered radicals are responsible for the rapider reoxidation of Fe(II) in iron-citric acid microdroplets by prolonging the length of HO2•- and H2O2-involved radical reaction chains. The results in this study may provide a new understanding about iron-citric acid photochemistry in atmospheric liquid particles, which can further influence the photoactivity of particles and the formation of secondary organic aerosols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhao Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Di Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Fengxia Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hongyu Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yifan Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chuncheng Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jincai Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li F, Zhou S, Du L, Zhao J, Hang J, Wang X. Aqueous-phase chemistry of atmospheric phenolic compounds: A critical review of laboratory studies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:158895. [PMID: 36130630 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds (PhCs) are crucial atmospheric pollutants typically emitted by biomass burning and receive particular concerns considering their toxicity, light-absorbing properties, and involvement in secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation. A comprehensive understanding of the transformation mechanisms on chemical reactions in atmospheric waters (i.e., cloud/fog droplets and aerosol liquid water) is essential to predict more precisely the atmospheric fate and environmental impacts of PhCs. Laboratory studies play a core role in providing the fundamental knowledge of aqueous-phase chemical transformations in the atmosphere. This article critically reviews recent laboratory advances in SOA formation from the aqueous-phase reactions of PhCs. It focuses primarily on the aqueous oxidation of PhCs driven by two atmospheric reactive species: OH radicals and triplet excited state organics, including the important chemical kinetics and mechanisms. The effects of inorganic components (i.e., nitrate and nitrite) and transition metal ions (i.e., soluble iron) are highlighted on the aqueous-phase transformation of PhCs and on the properties and formation mechanisms of SOA. The review is concluded with the current knowledge gaps and future perspectives for a better understanding of the atmospheric transformation and SOA formation potential of PhCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Li
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Sun Yat-sen University and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Shengzhen Zhou
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Sun Yat-sen University and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China; Guangdong Provincial Field Observation and Research Station for Climate Environment and Air Quality Change in the Pearl River Estuary, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System, Ministry of Education, Zhuhai 519082, China.
| | - Lin Du
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Sun Yat-sen University and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China; Guangdong Provincial Field Observation and Research Station for Climate Environment and Air Quality Change in the Pearl River Estuary, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System, Ministry of Education, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Jian Hang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Sun Yat-sen University and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China; Guangdong Provincial Field Observation and Research Station for Climate Environment and Air Quality Change in the Pearl River Estuary, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System, Ministry of Education, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang L, Li K, Liu Y, Gong K, Liu J, Ao J, Ge Q, Wang W, Ji M, Zhang L. Significantly Accelerated Hydroxyl Radical Generation by Fe(III)-Oxalate Photochemistry in Aerosol Droplets. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:250-260. [PMID: 36595358 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c05919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Fe(III)-oxalate complexes are ubiquitous in atmospheric environments, which can release reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as H2O2, O•2-, and OH• under light irradiation. Although Fe(III)-oxalate photochemistry has been investigated extensively, the understanding of its involvement in authentic atmospheric environments such as aerosol droplets is far from enough, since the current available knowledge has mainly been obtained in bulk-phase studies. Here, we find that the production of OH• by Fe(III)-oxalate in aerosol microdroplets is about 10-fold greater than that of its bulk-phase counterpart. In addition, in the presence of Fe(III)-oxalate complexes, the rate of photo-oxidation from SO2 to sulfate in microdroplets was about 19-fold faster than that in the bulk phase. The availability of efficient reactants and mass transfer due to droplet effects made dominant contributions to the accelerated OH• and SO42- formation. This work highlights the necessary consideration of droplet effects in atmospheric laboratory studies and model simulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Longqian Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Kejian Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Kedong Gong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianpeng Ao
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuyue Ge
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Minbiao Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Liwu Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai200092, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pozdnyakov IP, Tyutereva YE, Mikheilis AV, Grivin VP, Plyusnin VF. Primary photoprocesses for Fe(III) complexes with citric and glycolic acids in aqueous solutions. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2022.114274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
8
|
Photo-chemical aspects of iron complexes exhibiting photo-activated chemotherapy (PACT). J Inorg Biochem 2023; 238:112055. [PMID: 36335746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.112055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Iron is the trace element of natural selection by the biological systems due to its versatile coordination chemistry, and is recently explored for medicinal and diagnostic applications. Photo-activated states of iron complexes exhibiting substitution, dissociation, isomerization reactions, intramolecular redox reactions or energy transfer to other molecules have attracted the attention across the globe for the potent applications in photo-chemotherapy. There is a significant advancement on the development of iron-based complexes for photochemotherapeutic applications. Here in we reviewed the photo-activated states and photochemistry of iron complexes, and recent advances made in the area of photochemotherapy of iron complexes relevant to the photochemistry of iron complexes.
Collapse
|
9
|
Yang Z, Wang Z, Wang J, Li Y, Zhang G. Facet-Dependent Activation of Oxalic Acid over Magnetic Recyclable Fe 3S 4 for Efficient Pollutant Removal under Visible Light Irradiation: Enhanced Catalytic Activity, DFT Calculations, and Mechanism Insight. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:18008-18017. [PMID: 36480705 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c06571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Photo-Fenton-like reaction based on oxalic acid (OA) activation is a promising method for the fast degradation of pollutants due to the low cost and safety. Hence, the magnetic recyclable greigite (Fe3S4) with the exposed {011} facet (FS-011) was prepared using a facile one-pot hydrothermal method and activated OA under visible light irradiation for pollutant removal, in which the removal efficiency values of FS-011 for metronidazole (MNZ) and hexavalent chromium were 2.02 and 1.88 times higher than that of Fe3S4 with the exposed {112} facet, respectively. Density functional theory calculations revealed that OA was more easily adsorbed by the {011} facet of Fe3S4 than by the {112} facet, and the in situ-generated H2O2 preferred to diffuse away from the active sites of the {011} facet of Fe3S4 than from that of the {112} facet, which was conducive to the continuous adsorption and efficient activation of OA. Moreover, the analyses of Fukui index and dual descriptor confirmed the degradation mechanism that the imidazole ring of MNZ was easy to be attacked by electrophilic species, while the amino group of MNZ was easy to be attacked by nucleophilic species. These findings deeply analyzed the mechanism of enhanced OA activation by facet engineering and consolidated the theoretical basis for practical application of Fenton-like reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiong Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, Hubei430070, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, Hubei430070, China
| | - Junting Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, Hubei430070, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, Hubei430070, China
| | - Gaoke Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, Hubei430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Giorio C, D'Aronco S, Di Marco V, Badocco D, Battaglia F, Soldà L, Pastore P, Tapparo A. Emerging investigator series: aqueous-phase processing of atmospheric aerosol influences dissolution kinetics of metal ions in an urban background site in the Po Valley. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2022; 24:884-897. [PMID: 35611976 DOI: 10.1039/d2em00023g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Metals are an important atmospheric aerosol component; their impacts on health and the environment depend also on their solubility, dissolution kinetics and chemical form in which they are present in the aerosol (e.g., oxidation state, inorganic salt or oxide/hydroxide, organic complex). In this study, we investigated the impact of fog processing on the solubility and dissolution of metals in PM2.5 samples collected in an urban background site in Padova (Italy). For each sample, we determined the solubility and dissolution kinetics of 17 elements in a solution simulating fog water in the winter season in the Po Valley (pH 4.7, T 5 °C, and water content ∼0.5 g m-3). We also determined water-soluble inorganic and organic compounds having ligand properties. We used the model E-AIM IV to calculate the aerosol liquid water (ALW) content and pH, and we used the model Visual MinteQ to determine the speciation picture of the most important elements under conditions of both deliquescent aerosol (ALW and pH calculated using E-AIM IV, ambient temperature) and simulated fog. We found that the dissolution of Al, Cu, and Fe metal ions, predicted to be largely coordinated with organic compounds under fog conditions, was either immediate or considerably faster in samples collected on days with observed fog events compared with those collected on days having drier conditions. For readily soluble elements, such as As, Cd, Cr, Sr, and Zn, such an effect was not observed. Our study highlights the importance of coordination chemistry in atmospheric aerosol and fog in determining the bioavailability of particle-bound metals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Giorio
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB21EW, UK.
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Sara D'Aronco
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB21EW, UK.
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Valerio Di Marco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Denis Badocco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Battaglia
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB21EW, UK.
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Lidia Soldà
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Pastore
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Tapparo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jiao X, Zeng R, Lan G, Zuo S, He J, Wang C. Mechanistic study on photochemical generation of I •/I 2•- radicals in coastal atmospheric aqueous aerosol. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 825:154080. [PMID: 35218835 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The reactive iodine species may exhibit significant impacts on many global atmospheric issues and the I•/I2•- radicals play key roles for inducing the formation of these reactive iodine species. However, the current understanding on the formation of I•/I2•- radicals in atmospheric aqueous aerosol is still quite limited. The results reported herein suggest that I•/I2•- can be produced simultaneously in aqueous aerosol by several sunlight-driven photochemical pathways including direct photo-dissociation of soluble organic iodine (SOI) at rates of 0.10-1.34 × 10-9 M ns-1 and 0.99-5.68 × 10-7 M μs-1, •OH-mediated oxidation of I- at 0.03-1.41 × 10-8 M ns-1 and 0.05-4.10 × 10-6 M μs-1, and 3DOM⁎-induced oxidation of I- at 1.57-1.65 × 10-9 M ns-1 and 0.99-5.68 × 10-7 M μs-1 for generation of I• and I2•-, respectively. Meanwhile, the pathway of eaq--initiated stepwise reduction of IO3- to I2(aq) and further photolyzed into I• plays negligible role in formation of I•/I2•- due to the low reaction rates and severe quenching effect of eaq- by dissolved O2. Our work presented the new data on mechanism and kinetics for comprehensive elucidation of I•/I2•- formation in coastal atmospheric aqueous aerosol and would help to better understand the transformation mechanism of iodine species, pathways of iodine cycling and the associated environmental impacts involving atmospheric reactive iodine radicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Jiao
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Rui Zeng
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Guangcai Lan
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Siyu Zuo
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham-Ningbo China, Ningbo 315100, China; The Nottingham Ningbo China Beacons of Excellence Research and Innovation Institute, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Chengjun Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang Y, Brigante M, Mailhot G, Talaga D, Wu Y, Dong W, Sobanska S. Toward a better understanding of ferric-oxalate complex photolysis: The role of the aqueous/air interface of droplet. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 289:133127. [PMID: 34864008 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the photo reactivity of ferric oxalate (Fe(III)-Ox) complex in atmospheric particles was investigated. Raman spectroscopy was used to explore the mechanism and kinetics of Fe(III)-Ox photolysis occurring at the aqueous/gas interface, inside the droplet and in bulk solution. Ferrous carbonate (FeCO3) was detected indicating that carbonate ion (CO32-) formed inside the droplets would compete with oxalate ligands for iron complexation. A higher concentration of photoproduct Fe(II)-Ox was observed at the surface and inside of the droplets than in bulk solution. In particular, Fe(III)-Ox on the droplet surface was quickly reduced with light and Fe(II)-Ox concentration gradually decreased with irradiation time. The evolution of Fe(II)-Ox concentration was similar inside the droplet and in bulk solution with a trend of first increasing and then gradually decreasing during irradiation time. Although FeCO3 would hinder Fenton intermediate reaction, the photolysis rate of Fe(III)-Ox in droplets was almost two orders of magnitude times faster than that observed during bulk experiment. In general, the photolysis mechanism and kinetics of Fe(III)-Ox in aqueous/air interface, inside of droplet and bulk solution were distinct, and the production of oxide species from the atmospheric Fe(III)-Ox droplets was underestimated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China; Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR CNRS 5255, Univ. Bordeaux, Talence, F-33405, France
| | - Marcello Brigante
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Gilles Mailhot
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - David Talaga
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR CNRS 5255, Univ. Bordeaux, Talence, F-33405, France
| | - Yanlin Wu
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Wenbo Dong
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Sophie Sobanska
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR CNRS 5255, Univ. Bordeaux, Talence, F-33405, France.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang Y, Wang J, Li Z, Wang H, He X, Wang C. A novel method based on membrane distillation for treating acid mine drainage: Recovery of water and utilization of iron. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 279:130605. [PMID: 33894512 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and highly efficient treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD) is still challenging due to the low pH and high metal concentrations in it. This research focuses on a novel treatment method of AMD using direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) and photocatalysis to recover water and utilize iron. In the DCMD process without pretreatment, the flux decreased by 93.38%. If pretreated by adding sodium oxalate, scale formation potential was effectively mitigated due to the removal of calcium and complexing of iron. For the treatment of the pretreated AMD (PAMD), 60% of water was recovered in the DCMD process with the flux decrease of 22%. The concentrate obtained from the DCMD process demonstrated high photocatalytic activity in the methylene blue (MB) degradation in an aqueous solution. In addition, the Fe (III)-oxalate complexes in the concentrate were reduced to insoluble Fe (II)-oxalate with visible light irradiation, which could be separated by sedimentation and used as a Fenton catalyst. Hence, this novel method exhibits great advantages on effectively inhibiting DCMD membrane fouling during AMD treatment, producing high-quality distillate with low conductivity, and realizing near zero-discharge of AMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Jianbing Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Zhongyi Li
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China; The Second High School Attached to Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100088, China.
| | - Huijiao Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Xuwen He
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Chunrong Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Subelzu N, Schöneich C. Near UV and Visible Light Induce Iron-Dependent Photodegradation Reactions in Pharmaceutical Buffers: Mechanistic and Product Studies. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:4163-4179. [PMID: 32986444 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Near UV (λ = 320-400 nm) and visible light (λ = 400-800 nm) can lead to the oxidation of pharmaceutical proteins, which can affect efficiency and promote immunogenicity. However, no concise mechanism has been established for the photo-oxidation of pharmaceutical proteins under near UV and visible light. Here, we show that carboxylic acid buffer-Fe3+ complexes can function as photosensitizers, causing peptide degradation via the formation of various radicals and oxidants. Three pharmaceutical relevant carboxylic acid buffers (citrate, acetate, and succinate) were tested under near UV and visible light. Oxidation reactions were monitored for model peptides containing readily oxidizable amino acids, such as methionine- or leucine-enkephalin and proctolin peptide. Oxidation products were evaluated by RP-HPLC coupled to UV or fluorescent detection and RP-HPLC-MS/MS. Specifically for citrate buffer, the light-induced formation of H2O2, •OH, •CO2-, and formaldehyde was demonstrated. The peptides displayed oxidation of Met, hydroxylation of Tyr and Phe, as well as the formation of novel products from Tyr. Experiments with 18O2 resulted in the incorporation of 18O into various reaction products, consistent with a metal-catalyzed activation of O2 into reactive oxygen species. The addition of EDTA and DTPA did not prevent the oxidation of the peptides and, in some cases, enhanced the oxidation. Our results demonstrate that pharmaceutical buffer-Fe3+ complexes, exposed to UV and visible light, can promote various pathways of oxidation reactions in pharmaceutical formulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Subelzu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2095 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| | - Christian Schöneich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2095 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yang C, Zhang C, Luo X, Liu X, Cao F, Zhang YL. Isomerization and Degradation of Levoglucosan via the Photo-Fenton Process: Insights from Aqueous-Phase Experiments and Atmospheric Particulate Matter. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:11789-11797. [PMID: 32897062 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
So far, studies on the conversion of stereochemistry under photo-Fenton conditions and their atmospheric implication are still rare. Here, we found that the biomass burning marker, the chiral compound levoglucosan (L), undergoes oxidative degradation under photo-Fenton conditions and can be isomerized into mannosan (M) and galactosan (G) simultaneously. Among the formic acid, acetic acid, and oxalic acid in the degradation products of levoglucosan, it was found that the yield of formation of formic acid in the photo-Fenton pathway can be as high as 86%. It is worth noting that both levoglucosan and its isomers are present in the atmosphere and their concentrations are strongly correlated. At the same time, the range of their concentration ratios, L/(G + M), measured in the photo-Fenton experiments in the laboratory was found to agree well with that measured in atmospheric PM2.5 samples. However, the sources of L, G, and M in the atmosphere are complex, and the photo-Fenton reaction may be an essential pathway for the distribution of L, G, and M in the atmosphere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Yang
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xiaosan Luo
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Fang Cao
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yan-Lin Zhang
- School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang C, Yang C, Liu X, Cao F, Zhang YL. Insight into the photochemistry of atmospheric oxalate through hourly measurements in the northern suburbs of Nanjing, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 719:137416. [PMID: 32145492 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Oxalate-iron is an integral part of the photochemical system in the atmosphere. Here, we combined high-resolution online observations and laboratory simulations to discuss the distribution of oxalate and oxalate-iron photochemical system in Nanjing atmosphere at the molecular level. The results show that the oxidation state of iron in the oxalate-iron photochemical system changes significantly and regularly. Among them, Fe (II)/Fe (III) is 3.82 during the day and 0.76 at night. At the same time, Cl- may accelerate the generation of hydroxyl radicals in the system and promote the photooxidation rate of oxalate. Oxalate can be converted into formate (C1) and acetate (C2) in the photochemical system, but <4% of degraded oxalate is converted, which means that the photochemical system may not be the main source of formate and acetate in the atmosphere. Besides, the ratio of C1/C2 < 1 in the conversion is opposite to the ratio of C1/C2 > 1 in the general secondary conversion, which means that not all ratio of C1/C2 in the photochemical pathway is >1. These results are beneficial for us to understand the effect of the oxalate-iron photochemical system on the distribution of oxalate in the atmosphere, and also help us to analyze the conversion of organics in the atmospheric aqueous phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Zhang
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education (KLME), Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Chi Yang
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education (KLME), Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education (KLME), Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Fang Cao
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education (KLME), Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yan-Lin Zhang
- Yale-NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education (KLME), Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters (CIC-FEMD), Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhou Q, Li Y, Yang H, Gao Y. A collaborative strategy for enhanced reduction of Cr(VI) by Fe(0) in the presence of oxalate under sunlight: Performance and mechanism. J Environ Sci (China) 2020; 90:385-394. [PMID: 32081334 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nanometer-size zero-valent iron (NZVI) is an efficient reducing agent, but its surface is easily passivated with an oxide layer, leading to reaction inefficiency. In our study, oxalate (OA) was introduced into this heterogeneous system of NZVI, which could form ferrioxalate complexes with the NZVI surface-bound Fe3+ and dissolved Fe3+ in the solution. Photolysis of ferrioxalate complexes can facilitate the generation of Fe2+ from Fe3+ and CO2•- radical, both species have strong reduction capacity. Hence, a "photo-oxalate-Fe(0)" system through sunlight induction was established, which not only prohibited the formation of a surface passivation layer, but also displayed a synergetic mechanism of ferrioxalate photolysis to enhance reduction, exhibiting remarkably higher degradation activity (several times faster) toward the model pollutant Cr(VI) than the mechanism with NZVI alone. Factor tests suggested that both NZVI dosage and OA content markedly affected the reduction rate. Low pH was beneficial to the reduction efficiency. Moreover, recyclability experiment showed that the reduction rate decreased from 0.21706 to 0.03977 min-1 after three cycles of reuse due to the NZVI losing reaction activity generally, but the system still maintained considerable reduction capacity. Finally, a mechanism was revealed whereby NZVI would transform to Fe oxides after the exhaustion of its reductive power, and the photolysis of ferrioxalate to promote the cycling of iron species played the predominant role in providing extra reduction ability. These features confirm that introduction of OA into Cr(VI) reduction by NZVI through sunlight induction is advantageous and promising.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Yang Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Heng Yang
- Chengdu Integrated Testing Center of Rocks and Ores, Sichuan Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development Bureau, Chengdu 610081, China
| | - Yun Gao
- Anhui Electric Power Construction Second Engineering Co. Ltd., China Energy Construction Group, Hefei 230000, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang Z, Qiu W, Pang S, Jiang J. Effect of chelators on the production and nature of the reactive intermediates formed in Fe(II) activated peroxydisulfate and hydrogen peroxide processes. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 164:114957. [PMID: 31421513 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.114957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Iron chelators are often used to improve the performance of Fe(II) activated peroxides (e.g., peroxydisulfate (PDS) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)) for oxidative water treatment over a wide pH range due to the enhanced solubility of iron in the presence of chelators at high pH. In this study, we compared the effect of various chelators on the production and nature of the reactive intermediate formed in Fe(II)/PDS and Fe(II)/H2O2 systems by using methyl phenyl sulfoxide (PMSO) as a probe, which could distinguish ferryl ion (Fe(IV)) from free radicals (•OH and SO4•-) due to their marked difference in product formation. Six representative chelators (oxalate acid (OA), citric acid (CA), nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), pyrophosphate (PPP), and tetrapolyphosphate (TPP)) which covered the commonly used polycarboxylates, aminocarboxylates, and polyphosphates ligands were selected. In chelator assisted Fe(II)/PDS systems, the highest PMSO transformation efficiency at pH 3-9 was obtained in cases with polycarboxylates, due to their higher reactivity to PDS activation, lower steric hindrance, and stronger ability in promoting Fe(II)/Fe(III) cycle. Comparatively, in chelator assisted Fe(II)/H2O2 systems, TPP addition achieved the best performance in PMSO transformation at pH > 5. Moreover, the yield of Fe(IV) indicative product (methyl phenyl sulfone, PMSO2) decreased with increasing chelator/Fe(II) molar ratio, but was independent on pH in cases of PDS, indicating that chelator altered reactive intermediate nature from Fe(IV) to SO4•- and Fe(IV) yield was not sensitive to pH. In cases of H2O2, chelator decreased PMSO2 production while promoting PMSO loss at near-neutral pH, suggesting that Fe(II)-chelator complexes also tended to catalyze H2O2 to generate •OH rather than Fe(IV).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Wei Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Suyan Pang
- Key Laboratory of Songliao Aquatic Environment, Ministry of Education, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Jilin Jianzhu University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Jin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China; Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Xu T, Zhu R, Shang H, Xia Y, Liu X, Zhang L. Photochemical behavior of ferrihydrite-oxalate system: Interfacial reaction mechanism and charge transfer process. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 159:10-19. [PMID: 31075500 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneous photochemical reactions associated with natural iron (hydr)oxides and oxalic acid have attracted a great deal of scientific attention in the application of organic pollutants degradation. However, the reaction mechanism is still unclear due to the complicated iron cycles and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. In this study, the in situ attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was implemented to investigate the adsorption process and photochemical behavior of oxalic acid on the surface of ferrihydrite. A comprehensive reaction mechanism from the perspective of charge transfer process, including homogeneous-heterogeneous iron cycling and ROS generation, was illustrated in detail. We found that oxalic acid was first adsorbed on the surface of ferrihydrite with a mononuclear bidentate binding geometry. Interestingly, this mononuclear bidentate complex on the surface of ferrihydrite was stable under visible light irradiation. Subsequently, the whole complex departed from ferrihydrite surface through non-reduction dissolution with the form of Fe(C2O4)+. In the solution, the Fe(C2O4)+ complexes would quickly convert to Fe(C2O4)2- complexes. Under visible light irradiation, the electrons generated from the photolysis of Fe(C2O4)2- complex reacted with O2 to form O2•-/•OOH. Meanwhile, Fe(III) was reduced to Fe(II). Finally, the produced O2•-/•OOH could react with Fe(II) through a one-step way to generate •OH, which possessed higher •OH formation efficiency than that through the two-step way of H2O2 as the intermediates. This study helps us with understanding of in-situ photochemical reaction mechanism of ferrihydrite-oxalic acid system, and also provides guidance to effectively utilize widespread iron (hydr)oxides and organic acids in natural environment to develop engineered systems for water treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental & Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Runliang Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mineral Physics and Materials, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 511 Kehua Street, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Shang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental & Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Yabei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental & Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental & Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lizhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental & Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Al Nimer A, Rocha L, Rahman MA, Nizkorodov SA, Al-Abadleh HA. Effect of Oxalate and Sulfate on Iron-Catalyzed Secondary Brown Carbon Formation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:6708-6717. [PMID: 31034222 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Oxalate and sulfate are ubiquitous components of ambient aerosols with a high complexation affinity to iron. However, their effect on iron-driven secondary brown carbon formation in solution from soluble aromatic and aliphatic reagents was not studied. We report masses and hydrodynamic particle sizes of insoluble particles formed from the dark aqueous phase reaction of catechol, guaiacol, fumaric, and muconic acids with Fe(III) in the presence of oxalate or sulfate. Results show that oxalate decreases particle yield in solution from the reaction of Fe(III), with a stronger effect for guaiacol than catechol. For both compounds, the addition of sulfate results in the formation of more polydisperse (0.1-5 μm) and heavier particles than those from control experiments. Reactions with fumaric and muconic acids show that oxalate (not sulfate) and pH are determining factors in the efficiency of particle formation in solution. Polymerization reactions occur readily in the presence of sulfate in solution producing particles with iron-coordinated and/or pore-trapped sulfate anions. The addition of oxalate to the reactions of Fe(III) with all organics, except guaiacol, produced fewer and larger polymeric particles (>0.5 μm). These results imply that even in the presence of competing ligands, the formation of insoluble and colored particles from soluble organic precursors still dominates over the formation of soluble iron complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aseel Al Nimer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Wilfrid Laurier University , Waterloo , ON N2L 3C5 , Canada
| | - Laura Rocha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Wilfrid Laurier University , Waterloo , ON N2L 3C5 , Canada
| | - Mohammad A Rahman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Wilfrid Laurier University , Waterloo , ON N2L 3C5 , Canada
| | - Sergey A Nizkorodov
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Irvine , CA 92697 , United States
| | - Hind A Al-Abadleh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Wilfrid Laurier University , Waterloo , ON N2L 3C5 , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhang G, Lin Q, Peng L, Yang Y, Jiang F, Liu F, Song W, Chen D, Cai Z, Bi X, Miller M, Tang M, Huang W, Wang X, Peng P, Sheng G. Oxalate Formation Enhanced by Fe-Containing Particles and Environmental Implications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:1269-1277. [PMID: 30354091 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b05280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We used a single particle mass spectrometry to online detect chemical compositions of individual particles over four seasons in Guangzhou. Number fractions (Nfs) of all the measured particles that contained oxalate were 1.9%, 5.2%, 25.1%, and 15.5%, whereas the Nfs of Fe-containing particles that were internally mixed with oxalate were 8.7%, 23.1%, 45.2%, and 31.2% from spring to winter, respectively. The results provided the first direct field measurements for the enhanced formation of oxalate associated with Fe-containing particles. Other oxidized organic compounds including formate, acetate, methylglyoxal, glyoxylate, purivate, malonate, and succinate were also detected in the Fe-containing particles. It is likely that reactive oxidant species (ROS) via Fenton reactions enhanced the formation of these organic compounds and their oxidation product oxalate. Gas-particle partitioning of oxalic acid followed by coordination with Fe might also partly contribute to the enhanced oxalate. Aerosol water content likely played an important role in the enhanced oxalate formation when the relative humidity is >60%. Interactions with Fe drove the diurnal variation of oxalate in the Fe-containing particles. The study could provide a reference for model simulation to improve understanding on the formation and fate of oxalate, and the evolution and climate impacts of particulate Fe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection , Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
| | - Qinhao Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection , Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
| | - Long Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection , Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100039 , P. R. China
| | - Yuxiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection , Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100039 , P. R. China
| | - Feng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection , Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100039 , P. R. China
| | - Fengxian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection , Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100039 , P. R. China
| | - Wei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection , Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
| | - Duohong Chen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Air Quality Monitoring , Guangdong Environmental Monitoring Center , Guangzhou 510308 , PR China
| | - Zhang Cai
- John and Willie Leone Family Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States
| | - Xinhui Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection , Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
| | - Mark Miller
- Department of Environmental Sciences , Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , New Brunswick , New Jersey 08901 , United States
| | - Mingjin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection , Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
| | - Weilin Huang
- Department of Environmental Sciences , Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey , New Brunswick , New Jersey 08901 , United States
| | - Xinming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection , Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
| | - Ping'an Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection , Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
| | - Guoying Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection , Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry , Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Pang H, Zhang Q, Wang H, Cai D, Ma Y, Li L, Li K, Lu X, Chen H, Yang X, Chen J. Photochemical Aging of Guaiacol by Fe(III)-Oxalate Complexes in Atmospheric Aqueous Phase. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:127-136. [PMID: 30484312 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b04507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fe(III)-oxalate complexes are likely abundant in clouds, fogs and aerosol water. They are photoreactive and can act as an important source of reactive oxygen species (·OH, H2O2 and HO2·) in tropospheric aqueous phases. Although the mechanisms involved in ferrioxalate photolysis have been investigated extensively, few kinetic and mechanistic information is available on the aging of dissolved organic compounds by this photochemical system. In this work, the Fe(III)-oxalate mediated photooxidation of guaiacol (GUA), a model for phenolic compounds emitted from biomass burning, was investigated under typical pH conditions of the atmospheric water. The effect of Fe(III) concentration, oxalate concentration and pH on the photooxidation of GUA was studied in detail. Our results revealed that oxalate can inhibit the oxidation of GUA by Fe(III) under the dark condition. However, the iron-catalyzed photooxidation of GUA can be strongly promoted in the presence of oxalate due to the formation of photoactive Fe(III)-oxalate complexes. GUA was rapidly oxidized to form a number of polymeric, functionalized and open-ring products with low volatility. Detailed reaction pathways for the photooxidation of GUA by Fe(III)-oxalate complexes were proposed based on the results of high-resolution mass spectrometry. This work suggests that ferrioxalate photochemistry can play an important role in the transformation of dissolved organics in atmospheric aqueous phases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Pang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Environmental Toxicology , University of California , Davis , California 95616 , United States
| | - Hongli Wang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of the Urban Air Pollution Complex , Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences , Shanghai 200233 , China
| | - Dongmei Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China
| | - Yingge Ma
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of the Urban Air Pollution Complex , Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences , Shanghai 200233 , China
| | - Li Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of the Urban Air Pollution Complex , Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences , Shanghai 200233 , China
| | - Kangning Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China
| | - Xiaohui Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China
| | - Hong Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China
| | - Xin Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China
- Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security , Shanghai 200092 , China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Arroyo PC, Malecha KT, Ammann M, Nizkorodov SA. Influence of humidity and iron(iii) on photodegradation of atmospheric secondary organic aerosol particles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:30021-30031. [PMID: 30480278 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03981j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The absorption of solar actinic radiation by atmospheric secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particles drives condensed-phase photochemical processes, which lead to particle mass loss by the production of CO, CO2, hydrocarbons, and various oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs). We examined the influence of relative humidity (RH) and Fe(iii) content on the OVOC release and subsequent mass loss from secondary organic aerosol material (SOM) during UV irradiation. The samples were generated in a flow tube reactor from the oxidation of d-limonene by ozone. The SOM was collected with a Micro Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor (MOUDI) on CaF2 windows. To selected samples, a variable amount of FeCl3 was added before irradiation. The resulting SOM samples, with or without added FeCl3, were irradiated with a 305 nm light-emitting diode and the release of several OVOCs, including acetic acid, acetone, formic acid and acetaldehyde, was measured with a Proton Transfer Reaction Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer (PTR-ToF-MS). The release of OVOCs from photodegradation of SOM at typical ambient mid-values of RH (30-70%) was 2-4 times higher than under dry conditions. The release of OVOCs was slightly enhanced in the presence of low concentrations of iron (0.04 Fe molar ratio) but it was suppressed at higher concentrations (0.50 Fe molar ratio) of iron indicating the existence of a complicated radical chemistry driving the photodegradation of SOM. Our findings suggest that the presence of iron in atmospheric aerosol particles will either increase or decrease release of OVOCs due to the photodegradation of SOM depending on whether the relative iron concentration is low or high, respectively. At atmospherically relevant RH conditions, the expected fractional mass loss induced by these photochemical processes from limonene SOA particles would be between 2 and 4% of particle mass per hour. Therefore, photodegradation is an important aging mechanism for this type of SOA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Corral Arroyo
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
|
25
|
Zhang C, Lu X, Zhai J, Chen H, Yang X, Zhang Q, Zhao Q, Fu Q, Sha F, Jin J. Insights into the formation of secondary organic carbon in the summertime in urban Shanghai. J Environ Sci (China) 2018; 72:118-132. [PMID: 30244738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2017.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To investigate formation mechanisms of secondary organic carbon (SOC) in Eastern China, measurements were conducted in an urban site in Shanghai in the summer of 2015. A period of high O3 concentrations (daily peak > 120 ppb) was observed, during which daily maximum SOC concentrations exceeding 9.0 μg/(C·m3). Diurnal variations of SOC concentration and SOC/organic carbon (OC) ratio exhibited both daytime and nighttime peaks. The SOC concentrations correlated well with Ox (= O3 + NO2) and relative humidity in the daytime and nighttime, respectively, suggesting that secondary organic aerosol formation in Shanghai is driven by both photochemical production and aqueous phase reactions. Single particle mass spectrometry was used to examine the formation pathways of SOC. Along with the daytime increase of SOC, the number fraction of elemental carbon (EC) particles coated with OC quickly increased from 38.1% to 61.9% in the size range of 250-2000 nm, which was likely due to gas-to-particle partitioning of photochemically generated semi-volatile organic compounds onto EC particles. In the nighttime, particles rich in OC components were highly hygroscopic, and number fraction of these particles correlated well with relative humidity and SOC/OC nocturnal peaks. Meanwhile, as an aqueous-phase SOC tracer, particles that contained oxalate-Fe(III) complex also peaked at night. These observations suggested that aqueous-phase processes had an important contribution to the SOC nighttime formation. The influence of aerosol acidity on SOC formation was studied by both bulk and single particle level measurements, suggesting that the aqueous-phase formation of SOC was enhanced by particle acidity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ci Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Xiaohui Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jinghao Zhai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Qi Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Qianbiao Zhao
- Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, Shanghai 200235, China
| | - Qingyan Fu
- Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, Shanghai 200235, China
| | - Fei Sha
- Environment Management Bureau of Shanghai Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200125, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Environment Management Bureau of Shanghai Pudong New Area, Shanghai 200125, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Huang Y, Barraza KM, Kenseth CM, Zhao R, Wang C, Beauchamp JL, Seinfeld JH. Probing the OH Oxidation of Pinonic Acid at the Air–Water Interface Using Field-Induced Droplet Ionization Mass Spectrometry (FIDI-MS). J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:6445-6456. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b05353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanlong Huang
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Kevin M. Barraza
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Christopher M. Kenseth
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Ran Zhao
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - J. L. Beauchamp
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - John H. Seinfeld
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Laskin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Alexander Laskin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Sergey A Nizkorodov
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Irvine, California 92697, United States
| |
Collapse
|