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Wang L, Liang D, Liu J, Du L, Vejerano E, Zhang X. Unexpected catalytic influence of atmospheric pollutants on the formation of environmentally persistent free radicals. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:134854. [PMID: 35533943 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) have been recognized as harmful and persistent environmental pollutants. In polluted regions, many acidic and basic atmospheric pollutants, which are present at high concentrations, may influence the extent of the formation of EPFRs. In the present paper, density functional theory (DFT) and ab-initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) calculations were performed to investigate the formation mechanisms of EPFRs with the influence of the acidic pollutants sulfuric acid (SA), nitric acid (NA), organic acid (OA), and the basic pollutants, ammonia (A), dimethylamine (DMA) on α-Al2O3 (0001) surface. Results indicate that both acidic and basic pollutants can enhance the formation of EPFRs by acting as "bridge" or "semi-bridge" roles by proceeding via a barrierless process. Acidic pollutants enhance the formation of EPFRs by first transferring its hydrogen atom to the α-Al2O3 surface and subsequently reacting with phenol to form an EPFR. In contrast, basic pollutants enhance the formation of EPFRs by first abstracting a hydrogen atom from phenol to form a phenoxy EPFR and eventually interacting with the α-Al2O3 surface. These new mechanistic insights will inform in understanding the abundant EPFRs in polluted regions with high mass concentrations of acidic and basic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Danli Liang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jiarong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China; Key Laboratory of National Land Space Planning and Disaster Emergency Management of Inner Mongolia, School of Resources, Environment and Architectural Engineering, Chifeng University, Chifeng, 024000, China
| | - Lin Du
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Eric Vejerano
- Center for Environmental Nanoscience and Risk, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, United States
| | - Xiuhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
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2
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Olenius T, Roldin P. Role of gas-molecular cluster-aerosol dynamics in atmospheric new-particle formation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10135. [PMID: 35710742 PMCID: PMC9203563 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14525-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
New-particle formation from vapors through molecular cluster formation is a central process affecting atmospheric aerosol and cloud condensation nuclei numbers, and a significant source of uncertainty in assessments of aerosol radiative forcing. While advances in experimental and computational methods provide improved assessments of particle formation rates from different species, the standard approach to implement these data in aerosol models rests on highly simplifying assumptions concerning gas-cluster-aerosol dynamics. To quantify the effects of the simplifications, we develop an open-source tool for explicitly simulating the dynamics of the complete particle size spectrum from vapor molecules and molecular clusters to larger aerosols for multi-compound new-particle formation. We demonstrate that the simplified treatment is a reasonable approximation for particle formation from weakly clustering chemical compounds, but results in overprediction of particle numbers and of the contribution of new-particle formation to cloud condensation nuclei for strongly clustering, low-concentration trace gases. The new explicit approach circumvents these issues, thus enabling robust model-measurement comparisons, improved assessment of the importance of different particle formation agents, and construction of optimal simplifications for large-scale models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinja Olenius
- Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, 60176, Norrköping, Sweden.
| | - Pontus Roldin
- Division of Nuclear Physics, Department of Physics, Lund University, P. O. Box 118, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
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Zhang W, Guo Z, Zhang W, Ji Y, Li G, An T. Contribution of reaction of atmospheric amine with sulfuric acid to mixing particle formation from clay mineral. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 821:153336. [PMID: 35077791 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
During dust storm, mineral particle is frequently observed to be mixed with anthropogenic pollutants (APs) and forms mixing particle which arises more complex influences on regional climate than unmixed mineral particle. Even though mixing particle formation mechanism received significant attention recently, most studies focused on the heterogeneous reaction of inorganic APs on single composition of mineral. Here, the heterogeneous reaction mechanism of amine (a proxy of organic APs) with sulfuric acid (SA) on kaolinite (Kao, a proxy of mineral dust), and its contribution to mixing particle formation are investigated under variable atmospheric conditions. Two heterogeneous reactions of Kao-SA-amine and Kao-H2O-SA-amine in absence/presence of water were comparably investigated using combined theoretical and experimental methods, respectively. The contribution from such two heterogeneous reactions to mixing particle formation was evaluated, respectively, exploring the effect of methyl groups (1-3 -CH3), relative humidity (RH) (11-100%) and temperature (220-298.15 K). Water was observed to play a significant role in promoting heterogeneous reaction of amines with SA on Kao surface, reducing formation energy of mixing particle containing ammonium salt converted by SA. Moreover, the promotion effect from water is enhanced with the increasing RH and the decreasing temperature. For methylamine and dimethylamine containing 1-2 -CH3, the heterogeneous reaction of Kao-H2O-SA-amine contributes more to mixing particle formation. However, for trimethylamine containing 3 -CH3, the heterogeneous reaction of Kao-SA-amine is the dominant source to mixing particle formation. For mixing particle generated from the above two heterogeneous reactions, ammoniums salts are supposed to be predominant components which is of strong hygroscopicity and further leads to significant influence on climate by altering radiative forcing of mixed particle and participating in the cloud condensation nuclei and ice nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weina Zhang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development (Department of Education), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhenhao Guo
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weiping Zhang
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development (Department of Education), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuemeng Ji
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development (Department of Education), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guiying Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development (Department of Education), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development (Department of Education), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Geospatial Correlation Analysis between Air Pollution Indicators and Estimated Speed of COVID-19 Diffusion in the Lombardy Region (Italy). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182212154. [PMID: 34831909 PMCID: PMC8617767 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182212154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background: the Lombardy region in Italy was the first area in Europe to record an outbreak of COVID-19 and one of the most affected worldwide. As this territory is strongly polluted, it was hypothesized that pollution had a role in facilitating the diffusion of the epidemic, but results are uncertain. Aim: the paper explores the effect of air pollutants in the first spread of COVID-19 in Lombardy, with a novel geomatics approach addressing the possible confounding factors, the reliability of data, the measurement of diffusion speed, and the biasing effect of the lockdown measures. Methods and results: all municipalities were assigned to one of five possible territorial classes (TC) according to land-use and socio-economic status, and they were grouped into districts of 100,000 residents. For each district, the speed of COVID-19 diffusion was estimated from the ambulance dispatches and related to indicators of mean concentration of air pollutants over 1, 6, and 12 months, grouping districts in the same TC. Significant exponential correlations were found for ammonia (NH3) in both prevalently agricultural (R2 = 0.565) and mildly urbanized (R2 = 0.688) areas. Conclusions: this is the first study relating COVID-19 estimated speed of diffusion with indicators of exposure to NH3. As NH3 could induce oxidative stress, its role in creating a pre-existing fragility that could have facilitated SARS-CoV-2 replication and worsening of patient conditions could be speculated.
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Wang H, Zeng X, Zhang X, Liu H, Xing H. Ammonia exposure induces oxidative stress and inflammation by destroying the microtubule structures and the balance of solute carriers in the trachea of pigs. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 212:111974. [PMID: 33508713 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.111974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) is the most alkaline gaseous compound in the atmosphere and the primary gas pollutant in the piggery. It can cause irritation and damage to the airway after inhalation. However, the effects and toxicity mechanism of NH3 on the trachea are still unclear. In order to evaluate the toxic effects of NH3 inhalation on pig trachea, the changes of oxidative stress parameters (SOD, GSH, GSH-Px, and MDA), tissue structure and transcriptome in the trachea of pigs were examined after 30 days of exposure to NH3. Our results showed SOD, GSH-Px and GSH in the trachea in the NH3-treatment group were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) compared with the control group, on the contrary, MDA content was significantly higher (P < 0.05). The analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) showed that 2542 DEGs (1109 up-regulated DEGs and 1433 down-regulated DEGs) were significantly changed under NH3 exposure, including many DEGs associated with inflammation, oxidative stress, microtubule activity and SLC family, and the qRT-PCR verification results of these DEGs were consistent with the transcriptome results. The results indicated that NH3 exposure could break down the mucosal barrier of the respiratory tract, induce oxidative stress and inflammation, reduce the activity of microtubules and disrupt the balance of SLC transporters. In this study, transcriptome analysis was used for the first time to explore the toxic mechanism of NH3 on pig trachea, providing new insights for better assessing the toxicity mechanism of NH3, as well as references for comparative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyin Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Honggui Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Houjuan Xing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, People's Republic of China.
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Chen D, Hu G, Zhang S, Zhang H, Teng X. Ammonia-triggered apoptosis via immune function and metabolic process in the thymuses of chickens by proteomics analysis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 198:110619. [PMID: 32344265 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3), an environmental pollutant with a pungent odor, is not only an important volatile in fertilizer production and ranching, but also main basic component of haze. In present study, we found that ultrastructural changes and 3167 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) using proteomics analysis in the thymuses of chickens exposed to NH3 on day 42. Obtained DEPs were enriched using GO and KEGG; and 66 DEPs took part in immune function, metabolic process, and apoptosis in the thymuses of chickens treated with NH3. 9 genes of DEPs were validated using qRT-PCR, and mRNA expression of 2 immune-related genes (CTSG and NFATC2), 3 metabolic process-related genes (APOA1, GOT1, and GOLGA3), and 4 apoptosis-related genes (PIK3CD, CTSS, CAMP, and NSD2) were consistent with DEPs in chicken thymuses. Our results indicated that excess NH3 led to immunosuppression, metabolic disorder, and apoptosis in chicken thymuses. Present study gives a novel insight into the mechanism of NH3 toxicity and demonstrated that immune response, metabolism process, and apoptosis were important in the mechanism of NH3 toxicity of chicken exposure to high concentration of NH3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dechun Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Guanghui Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Xiaohua Teng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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Xie WM, Li SJ, Shi WM, Zhang HL, Fang F, Wang GX, Zhang LM. Quantitatively ranking the influencing factors of ammonia volatilization from paddy soils by grey relational entropy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:2319-2327. [PMID: 31776910 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06952-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia (NH3) volatilization from paddy soils is a main source of atmospheric NH3 and the magnitude is affected by many factors. Because of the complex field condition, it is difficult to identify the relative importance of individual factor on NH3 volatilization process in different locations and at different times. In this study, the grey relational entropy method was used to evaluate the relative impact of four main factors (i.e., nitrogen fertilizer application rate, NH4-N concentration, pH, and temperature of the floodwater) on NH3 volatilization loss from three different field experiments. The results demonstrated that floodwater NH4-N concentration was the most important factor governing NH3 volatilization process. Floodwater pH was the second most important factor, followed by temperature of the floodwater and nitrogen fertilizer application rate. We further validated the grey relational entropy method with NH3 volatilization loss data from other published study and confirmed the order of importance for the four factors. We hope the findings of this study will be helpful for guiding design to reduce paddy soil NH3 emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ming Xie
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Shi-Jun Li
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Wei-Ming Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Hai-Lin Zhang
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078-6028, USA
| | - Fang Fang
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Guo-Xiang Wang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Li-Min Zhang
- School of Environment, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, China.
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Sundén AEK, Støchkel K, Hvelplund P, Brøndsted Nielsen S, Dynefors B, Hansen K. Stabilities of protonated water-ammonia clusters. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:184306. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5023620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. E. K. Sundén
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - K. Støchkel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - P. Hvelplund
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - S. Brøndsted Nielsen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - B. Dynefors
- Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - K. Hansen
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Center for Joint Quantum Studies and Department of Physics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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