1
|
Bai C, Cai Y, Sun T, Li G, Wang W, Wong PK, An T. Mechanism of antibiotic resistance spread during sub-lethal ozonation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria with different resistance targets. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 259:121837. [PMID: 38810347 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
The increase and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) in aquatic environments and the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) greatly impact environmental and human health. It is necessary to understand the mechanism of action of ARB and ARGs to formulate measures to solve this problem. This study aimed to determine the mechanism of antibiotic resistance spread during sub-lethal ozonation of ARB with different antibiotic resistance targets, including proteins, cell walls, and cell membranes. ARB conjugation and transformation frequencies increased after exposure to 0-1.0 mg/L ozone for 10 min. During sub-lethal ozonation, compared with control groups not stimulated by ozone, the conjugative transfer frequencies of E. coli DH5α (CTX), E. coli DH5α (MCR), and E. coli DH5α (GEN) increased by 1.35-2.02, 1.13-1.58, and 1.32-2.12 times, respectively; the transformation frequencies of E. coli DH5α (MCR) and E. coli DH5α (GEN) increased by 1.49-3.02 and 1.45-1.92 times, respectively. When target inhibitors were added, the conjugative transfer frequencies of antibiotics targeting cell wall and membrane synthesis decreased 0.59-0.75 and 0.43-0.76 times, respectively, while that for those targeting protein synthesis increased by 1-1.38 times. After inhibitor addition, the transformation frequencies of bacteria resistant to antibiotics targeting the cell membrane and proteins decreased by 0.76-0.89 and 0.69-0.78 times, respectively. Cell morphology, cell membrane permeability, reactive oxygen species, and antioxidant enzymes changed with different ozone concentrations. Expression of most genes related to regulating different antibiotic resistance targets was up-regulated when bacteria were exposed to sub-lethal ozonation, further confirming the target genes playing a crucial role in the inactivation of different target bacteria. These results will help guide the careful utilization of ozonation for bacterial inactivation, providing more detailed reference information for ozonation oxidation treatment of ARB and ARGs in aquatic environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Conglin Bai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development (Department of Education), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yiwei Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development (Department of Education), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tong Sun
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development (Department of Education), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guiying Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development (Department of Education), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wanjun Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development (Department of Education), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Po Keung Wong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development (Department of Education), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Contaminants Exposure and Health, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development (Department of Education), School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang Z, Han X, Su X, Yang X, Wang X, Yan J, Qian Q, Wang H. Analysis of key circRNA events in the AOP framework of TCS acting on zebrafish based on the data-driven. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 280:116507. [PMID: 38838465 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic widely used in various personal care products. Research has found that exposure to TCS can cause toxic effects on organisms including neurotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, disorders of lipid metabolism, and abnormal vascular development, and the corresponding toxic mechanisms are gradually delving into the level of abnormal expression of miRNA regulating gene expression. Although the downstream mechanism of TCS targeting miRNA abnormal expression to induce toxicity is gradually improving, its upstream mechanism is still in a fog. Starting from the abnormal expression data of circRNA in zebrafish larvae induced by TCS, this study conducted a hierarchical analysis of the expression levels of all circRNAs, differential circRNAs, and trend circRNAs, and identified 29 key circRNA events regulating miRNA abnormal expression. In combination with GO and KEGG, the effects of TCS exposure were analyzed from the function and signaling pathway of the corresponding circRNA host gene. Furthermore, based on existing literature evidence about the biological toxicity induced by TCS targeting miRNA as data support, a competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNA) network characterizing the regulatory relationship between circRNA and miRNA was constructed and optimized. Finally, a comprehensive Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) framework of multiple levels of events including circRNA, miRNA, mRNA, pathway, and toxicity endpoints was established to systematically elucidate the toxic mechanism of TCS. Moreover, the rationality of the AOP framework was verified from the expression level of miRNA and adverse outcomes such as neurotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response by knockdown of circRNA48. This paper not only provides the key circRNA events for exploring the upstream mechanism of miRNA regulating gene expression but also provides an AOP framework for comprehensively demonstrating the toxicity mechanism of TCS on zebrafish, which is a theoretical basis for subsequent hazard assessment and prevention and control of TCS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zejun Wang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Xiaowen Han
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Xincong Su
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Xuedong Wang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Jin Yan
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Qiuhui Qian
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Huili Wang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu Y, Wang H, Ye S, Liang Z, Chen Z, Wang X, Zhou L, Yan B. Goethite adaptation prompts alterations in antibiotic susceptibility and suppresses development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 916:170248. [PMID: 38244632 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the impact of environmental factors on antibiotic sensitivity and the emergence of antibiotic resistance in microorganism is crucial for antibiotics management and environmental risk assessment. Natural materials, like mineral particles, are prevalent in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. However, it remains unclear how microorganism adapt to the physical stress of mineral particles and whether this adaptation influences antibiotic sensitivity and the evolution of antibiotic resistance. In this study, the model bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli) was exposed to the mineral particle goethite for 30 generations. Adaptive morphogenesis, including an increase in the fraction of spherical bacteria, variations in bacterial mobility, a slightly increased cell membrane thickness, and genome-wide changes in the transcriptomic profile, were observed in adapted E. coli samples to counteract the stress. Moreover, the goethite adapted E. coli showed increased susceptibility to antibiotics including amoxicillin and tetracycline, and decreased susceptibility to kanamycin compared to its ancestral counterparts. These alterations in antibiotic susceptibility in the adapted E. coli were not heritable, as evidenced by the gradual recovery of antibiotic tolerance in cells with the cessation of goethite exposure. Transcriptomic data and a series of experiments suggested that these changes may be associated with variations in cell membrane property and iron metabolism. In addition, the evolution of antibiotic resistance in adapted cells occurred at a slower rate compared to their ancestral counterparts. For instance, E. coli adapted to goethite at a concentration of 1 mg/mL did not acquire antibiotic resistance even after 13 generations, probably due to its poor biofilm-formation capacity. Our findings underscore the occurrence of microbial adaptation to goethite, which influenced antibiotic sensitivity and decelerated the development of resistance in microorganisms. This insight contributes to our comprehension of the natural dynamics surrounding the evolution of antibiotic resistance and opens new perspectives for addressing this issue through nanotechnology-based approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongtao Xu
- Institute of Environmental Research at Great Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Haiqing Wang
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Aeronautics, Binzhou, Shandong 256600, China
| | - Sheng Ye
- Institute of Environmental Research at Great Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Zhenda Liang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Great Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Zhiquan Chen
- Institute of Environmental Research at Great Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Institute of Environmental Research at Great Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China.
| | - Li Zhou
- Institute of Environmental Research at Great Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China.
| | - Bing Yan
- Institute of Environmental Research at Great Bay Area, Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Stanton IC, Tipper HJ, Chau K, Klümper U, Subirats J, Murray AK. Does Environmental Exposure to Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Product Residues Result in the Selection of Antimicrobial-Resistant Microorganisms, and is this Important in Terms of Human Health Outcomes? ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2024; 43:623-636. [PMID: 36416260 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The environment plays a critical role in the development, dissemination, and transmission of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) enter the environment through direct application to the environment and through anthropogenic pollution. Although there is a growing body of evidence defining minimal selective concentrations (MSCs) of antibiotics and the role antibiotics play in horizontal gene transfer (HGT), there is limited evidence on the role of non-antibiotic PPCPs. Existing data show associations with the development of resistance or effects on bacterial growth rather than calculating selective endpoints. Research has focused on laboratory-based systems rather than in situ experiments, although PPCP concentrations found throughout wastewater, natural water, and soil environments are often within the range of laboratory-derived MSCs and at concentrations shown to promote HGT. Increased selection and HGT of AMR by PPCPs will result in an increase in total AMR abundance in the environment, increasing the risk of exposure and potential transmission of environmental AMR to humans. There is some evidence to suggest that humans can acquire resistance from environmental settings, with water environments being the most frequently studied. However, because this is currently limited, we recommend that more evidence be gathered to understand the risk the environment plays in regard to human health. In addition, we recommend that future research efforts focus on MSC-based experiments for non-antibiotic PPCPS, particularly in situ, and investigate the effect of PPCP mixtures on AMR. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:623-636. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kevin Chau
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Uli Klümper
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Technische Universitӓt Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jessica Subirats
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aimee K Murray
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Cornwall, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ghoshal M, Bechtel TD, Gibbons JG, McLandsborough L. Transcriptomic analysis using RNA sequencing and phenotypic analysis of Salmonella enterica after acid exposure for different time durations using adaptive laboratory evolution. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1348063. [PMID: 38476938 PMCID: PMC10929716 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1348063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study is the final part of a two-part series that delves into the molecular mechanisms driving adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) of Salmonella enterica in acid stress. The phenotypic and transcriptomic alterations in the acid-evolved lineages (EL) of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis after 70 days of acid stress exposure were analyzed. Materials and methods The stability of phenotypic changes observed after 70 days in acetic acid was explored after stress removal using a newly developed evolutionary lineage EL5. Additionally, the impact of short-term acid stress on the previously adapted lineage EL4 was also examined. Results The results indicate that the elevated antibiotic minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) observed after exposure to acetic acid for 70 days was lost when acid stress was removed. This phenomenon was observed against human antibiotics such as meropenem, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and streptomycin. The MIC of meropenem in EL4 on day 70 was 0.094 mM, which dropped to 0.032 mM when removed from acetic acid stress after day 70. However, after stress reintroduction, the MIC swiftly elevated, and within 4 days, it returned to 0.094 mM. After 20 more days of adaptation in acetic acid, the meropenem MIC increased to 0.125 mM. The other human antibiotics that were tested exhibited a similar trend. The MIC of acetic acid in EL4 on day 70 was observed to be 35 mM, which remained constant even after the removal of acetic acid stress. Readaptation of EL4 in acetic acid for 20 more days caused the acetic acid MIC to increase to 37 mM. Bacterial whole genome sequencing of EL5 revealed base substitutions in several genes involved in pathogenesis, such as the phoQ and wzc genes. Transcriptomic analysis of EL5 revealed upregulation of virulence, drug resistance, toxin-antitoxin, and iron metabolism genes. Unstable Salmonella small colony variants (SSCV) of S. Enteritidis were also observed in EL5 as compared to the wild-type unevolved S. Enteritidis. Discussion This study presents a comprehensive understanding of the evolution of the phenotypic, genomic, and transcriptomic changes in S. Enteritidis due to prolonged acid exposure through ALE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mrinalini Ghoshal
- Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Tyler D. Bechtel
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - John G. Gibbons
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Lynne McLandsborough
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang L, Zhang T, Cai T, Xiang Q, Liu X, Zhu D. The pH-specific response of soil resistome to triclocarban and arsenic co-contamination. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 464:132952. [PMID: 37952336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals as well as disinfectants affect the spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in soil microbes, however, their cumulative impacts on the proliferation of ARGs are not well studied. In addition, both the chemical stability/availability and ARG profiles are affected by the soil pH, but it has never been considered in the systematic evaluation of soil resistome. In the present study, a microcosm experiment was conducted to study the combined effects of arsenic and triclocarban on the resistome in soil samples with variable pH (pH 4-7). The simultaneous additions of arsenic and triclocarban increase the ARG abundance at pH > 6, because of the intensive co-selective pressures triggered by the increase in concentrations of available arsenic and triclocarban. The occurrence of multidrug ARGs increases with the addition of arsenic and triclocarban, due to the preferred selection of their functional flexibility. The presence of arsenic and triclocarban is strongly related to the spread of MGEs affecting the soil resistome. Furthermore, pH alters the patterns of microbial inhabitants, increasing the relative abundance of Bacteroidota and Proteobacteria and contributing to the prevalence of tetracycline and sulfonamide ARGs at neutral pH. These findings have insight that the effects of arsenic and triclocarban co-contamination on the soil antibiotic resistome is pH dependent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, PR China
| | - Tianlun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Tiangui Cai
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, PR China
| | - Qian Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China; Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
| | - Dong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xin R, Zhang K, Yu D, Zhang Y, Ma Y, Niu Z. Cyanobacterial extracellular antibacterial substances could promote the spread of antibiotic resistance: impacts and reasons. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2023; 25:2139-2147. [PMID: 37947439 DOI: 10.1039/d3em00306j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have shown that antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) can be facilitated by a variety of antibacterial substances. Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic bacteria that are widely distributed in the ocean. Some extracellular substances produced by marine cyanobacteria have been found to possess antibacterial activity. However, the impact of these extracellular substances on ARGs is unclear. Therefore, we established groups of seawater microcosms that contained different concentrations (1000, 100, 10, 1, 0.1, 0.01, and 0 μg mL-1) of cyanobacterial extracellular substances (CES), and tracked the changes of 17 types of ARGs, the integron gene (intI1), as well as the bacterial community at different time points. The results showed that CES could enrich most ARGs (15/17) in the initial stage, particularly at low concentrations (10 and 100 μg mL-1). The correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between several ARGs and intI1. It is suggested that the abundance of intI1 increased with CES may contribute to the changes of these ARGs, and co-resistance of CES may be the underlying reason for the similar variation pattern of some ARGs. Moreover, the results of qPCR and high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA showed that CES had an inhibitory impact on the growth of bacterial communities. High concentrations of CES were found to alter the structure of bacterial communities. Co-occurrence networks showed that bacteria elevated in the high concentration group of CES and might serve as the potential hosts for a variety of ARGs. In general, marine cyanobacteria could play an important role in the global dissemination of ARGs and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARBs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Xin
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Kai Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory for Synergistic Prevention of Water and Soil Environmental Pollution, School of Geographic Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Dongjin Yu
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yongzheng Ma
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Zhiguang Niu
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
- The International Joint Institute of Tianjin University, Fuzhou 350207, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liang Y, Gong Y, Jiang Q, Yu Y, Zhang J. Environmental endocrine disruptors and pregnane X receptor action: A review. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 179:113976. [PMID: 37532173 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
The pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a kind of orphan nuclear receptor activated by a series of ligands. Environmental endocrine disruptors (EEDs) are a wide class of molecules present in the environment that are suspected to have adverse effects on the endocrine system by interfering with the synthesis, transport, degradation, or action of endogenous hormones. Since EEDs may modulate human/rodent PXR, this review aims to summarize EEDs as PXR modulators, including agonists and antagonists. The modular structure of PXR is also described, interestingly, the pharmacology of PXR have been confirmed to vary among different species. Furthermore, PXR play a key role in the regulation of endocrine function. Endocrine disruption of EEDs via PXR and its related pathways are systematically summarized. In brief, this review may provide a way to understand the roles of EEDs in interaction with the nuclear receptors (such as PXR) and the related pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yiyao Gong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Qiuyan Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yifan Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang D, Lu S. A holistic review on triclosan and triclocarban exposure: Epidemiological outcomes, antibiotic resistance, and health risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 872:162114. [PMID: 36764530 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) and triclocarban (TCC) are antimicrobials that are widely applied in personal care products, textiles, and plastics. TCS and TCC exposure at low doses may disturb hormone levels and even facilitate bacterial resistance to antibiotics. In the post-coronavirus disease pandemic era, chronic health effects and the spread of antibiotic resistance genes associated with TCS and TCC exposure represent an increasing concern. This study sought to screen and review the exposure levels and sources and changes after the onset of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, potential health outcomes, bacterial resistance and cross-resistance, and health risk assessment tools associated with TCS and TCC exposure. Daily use of antimicrobial products accounts for most observed associations between internal exposure and diseases, while secondary exposure at trace levels mainly lead to the spread of antibiotic resistance genes. The roles of altered gut microbiota in multi-system toxicities warrant further attention. Sublethal dose of TCC selects ARGs without obviously increasing tolerance to TCC. But TCS induce persistent TCS resistance and reversibly select antibiotic resistance, which highlights the benefits of minimizing its use. To derive reference doses (RfDs) for humans, more sensitive endpoints observed in populational studies need to be confirmed using toxicological tests. Additionally, the human equivalent dose is recommended to be incorporated into the health risk assessment to reduce uncertainty of extrapolation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duo Zhang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Shaoyou Lu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liang H, Zhang J, Hu J, Li X, Li B. Fluoroquinolone Residues in the Environment Rapidly Induce Heritable Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Escherichia coli. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:4784-4795. [PMID: 36917150 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Extensive antibiotic use increases the environmental presence of their residues and may accelerate the development of antibiotic resistance, although this remains poorly understood at environmentally relevant concentrations. Herein, susceptible Escherichia coli K12 was continuously exposed to five antibiotics at such concentrations for 100 days. The de novo-evolved mutants rapidly obtained fluoroquinolone resistance within 10 days, as indicated by the 4- and 16-fold augmentation of minimum inhibitory concentrations against enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, respectively. Moreover, the mutants maintained heritable fluoroquinolone resistance after the withdrawal of antibiotics for 30 days. Genomic analysis identified Asp87Gly or Ser83Leu substitutions in the gyrA gene in the mutants. Transcriptomics data showed that the transcriptional response of the mutants to fluoroquinolones was primarily involved in biofilm formation, cellular motility, porin, oxidative stress defense, and energy metabolism. Homologous recombination and molecular docking revealed that mutations of gyrA primarily mainly conferred fluoroquinolone resistance, while mutations at different positions of gyrA likely endowed different fluoroquinolone resistance levels. Collectively, this study revealed that environmentally relevant concentrations of antibiotics could rapidly induce heritable antibiotic resistance; therefore, the discharge of antibiotics into the environment should be rigorously controlled to prevent the development of antibiotic resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hebin Liang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control,Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jiayu Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control,Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jiahui Hu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control,Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bing Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control,Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sazykin IS, Sazykina MA. The role of oxidative stress in genome destabilization and adaptive evolution of bacteria. Gene X 2023; 857:147170. [PMID: 36623672 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The review is devoted to bacterial genome destabilization by oxidative stress. The article discusses the main groups of substances causing such stress. Stress regulons involved in destabilization of genetic material and mechanisms enhancing mutagenesis, bacterial genome rearrangements, and horizontal gene transfer, induced by oxidative damage to cell components are also considered. Based on the analysis of publications, it can be claimed that rapid development of new food substrates and ecological niches by microorganisms occurs due to acceleration of genetic changes induced by oxidative stress, mediated by several stress regulons (SOS, RpoS and RpoE) and under selective pressure. The authors conclude that non-lethal oxidative stress is probably-one of the fundamental processes that guide evolution of prokaryotes and a powerful universal trigger for adaptive destabilization of bacterial genome under changing environmental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I S Sazykin
- Southern Federal University, 194/2 Stachki Avenue, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russian Federation
| | - M A Sazykina
- Southern Federal University, 194/2 Stachki Avenue, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russian Federation.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lee KM, Han SM, Lee HJ, Kang M, Jeong TY, Son J, Min H, Cha S, Oh HB, Oh WK, Lee J. Influence of mobile phase composition on the analytical sensitivity of LC-ESI-MS/MS for the concurrent analysis of bisphenols, parabens, chlorophenols, benzophenones, and alkylphenols. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 221:115305. [PMID: 36642120 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Phenols are significant environmental endocrine disruptors that can have adverse health effects on exposed individuals. Correlating phenol exposure to potential health implications requires the development of a comprehensive and sensitive analytical method capable of analyzing multiple phenols in a single sample preparation and analytical run. Currently, no such method is available for multiple classes of phenols due to electrospray ionization (ESI) limitations in concurrent ionization and lack of sensitivity to certain phenols, particularly alkylphenols. In this study, we investigated the influence of mobile phase compositions in ESI on concurrent ionization and analytical sensitivity of liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) during the analysis of multiple classes of phenols, and we propose a comprehensive and sensitive analytical method for various classes of phenols (i.e., bisphenols, parabens, benzophenones, chlorophenols, and alkylphenols). The proposed method was affected by 0.5 mM ammonium fluoride under methanol conditions. It enabled the concurrent ionization of all the phenols and significantly improved the analytical sensitivity for bisphenols and alkylphenols, which typically have poor ionization efficiency. This method, combined with a "dilute and shoot" approach, allowed us to simultaneously quantify 38 phenols with good chromatographic behavior and sensitivity. Furthermore, the method was successfully applied to the analysis of 61 urine samples collected from aquatic (swimming) and land (indoor volleyball and outdoor football) athletes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Mi Lee
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea; Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Moon Han
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Jeong Lee
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsik Kang
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Young Jeong
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyun Son
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hophil Min
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwon Cha
- Department of Chemistry, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Bin Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Keun Oh
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jaeick Lee
- Doping Control Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarang-ro 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Soil Component: A Potential Factor Affecting the Occurrence and Spread of Antibiotic Resistance Genes. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020333. [PMID: 36830244 PMCID: PMC9952537 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) in soil have become research hotspots in the fields of public health and environmental ecosystems, but the effects of soil types and soil components on the occurrence and spread of ARGs still lack systematic sorting and in-depth research. Firstly, investigational information about ARB and ARGs contamination of soil was described. Then, existing laboratory studies about the influence of the soil component on ARGs were summarized in the following aspects: the influence of soil types on the occurrence of ARGs during natural or human activities and the control of exogenously added soil components on ARGs from the macro perspectives, the effects of soil components on the HGT of ARGs in a pure bacterial system from the micro perspectives. Following that, the similarities in pathways by which soil components affect HGT were identified, and the potential mechanisms were discussed from the perspectives of intracellular responses, plasmid activity, quorum sensing, etc. In the future, related research on multi-component systems, multi-omics methods, and microbial communities should be carried out in order to further our understanding of the occurrence and spread of ARGs in soil.
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang J, Xu J, Lei H, Liang H, Li X, Li B. The development of variation-based rifampicin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus deciphered through genomic and transcriptomic study. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 442:130112. [PMID: 36303348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Rifampicin (RIF) resistance imposes a challenge on the antimicrobial treatment of pathogen infections. Figuring out the development mechanism of RIF resistance is critical to improving antimicrobial therapy strategy in clinics and biological treatment strategy of RIF polluted sewage in environmental engineering. The RIF resistance development of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) with exposure to RIF at sub-inhibitory concentrations was comprehensively investigated via genomic and transcriptomic approaches in this study. RIF minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) for S. aureus rapidly increased from 0.032 to 256 mg/L. Membrane permeability decrease, biofilm formation enhancement, and ROS production increase associated with RIF resistance were observed in RIF-induced strains. Through comparative genomic analysis, mutations in rpoB and rpoC were considered to be associated with RIF resistance in S. aureus mutants. Pan-genome-wide single-nucleotide variant analysis indicated that mutations at rpoB-1412, rpoB-1451, and rpoB-1457 were prevalent in 13849 public genomes of S. aureus, while mutations at rpoB-2256, and rpoC-3092 were first discovered in this study. The panorama of adaptative alteration of cellular physiological processes was observed via transcriptomic analysis. The oxidation pressure responses, metabolism, transporters, virulence factors, and multiple steps of DNA and RNA machinery were found to be perturbed by RIF in S. aureus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jie Xu
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Huaxin Lei
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hebin Liang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bing Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Microorganism Application and Risk Control, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tang Z, Zhang Y, Xiao S, Gao Y, Duan Y, Liu B, Xiong C, Yang Z, Wu Y, Zhou S. Insight into the impacts and mechanisms of ketone stress on the antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:83746-83755. [PMID: 35771331 PMCID: PMC9245865 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21600-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of toxic organic has posed a substantial pressure on the proliferation of bacterial resistance. While aromatic organics have been demonstrated to enhance the antibiotic resistance in bacteria, no information is yet available on the effects of non-aromatic organics on the variations of bacterial resistance. Here, we investigated the effects of a typical ketone (i.e., methylisobutanone (MIBK)) on the variations of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli (E. coli). The results showed that the growth of resistant E. coli under environmental concentration of 50 μg/L MIBK was firstly inhibited as explained by the transient disruption in the cell membrane and then recovered possibly due to the reactive oxygen species. Exposure to 50 μg/L MIBK gradually raised the abundance of representative resistance gene (ampR) in E. coli. In contrast, the high concentration of 50 mg/L MIBK continuously inhibited the growth of resistant E. coli by disrupting cell membrane and notably promoted the proliferation of ampR through enhancing the horizontal transformation and up-regulating the expression of efflux pump gene. These findings provided the first evidence for the evolution of bacterial resistance in response to ketone organics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenping Tang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse Technology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Rare Metal Minerals Exploitation and Geological Disposal of Wastes, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Shasha Xiao
- School of Civil Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Yuanyuan Gao
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Rare Metal Minerals Exploitation and Geological Disposal of Wastes, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Yi Duan
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse Technology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
- School of Civil Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Boyang Liu
- School of Civil Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Cong Xiong
- School of Civil Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Zhengqing Yang
- School of Civil Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Yueyue Wu
- Institute of Pathogenic Biology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Shuai Zhou
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse Technology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Rare Metal Minerals Exploitation and Geological Disposal of Wastes, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
- School of Civil Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Barrett H, Sun J, Gong Y, Yang P, Hao C, Verreault J, Zhang Y, Peng H. Triclosan is the Predominant Antibacterial Compound in Ontario Sewage Sludge. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:14923-14936. [PMID: 35594374 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sewage treatment plants (STPs) accumulate both antibiotic and nonantibiotic antimicrobial compounds that can select for antibiotic resistant bacteria. Herein, we aimed to identify the predominant antibacterial compounds impacting E. coli from Ontario sewage sludge consisting of thousands of unknown compounds. Among the 10 extracted sludge samples, 6 extracts exerted significant growth inhibition effects in E. coli. A total of 103 compounds were tentatively detected across the 10 sludge samples by suspect screening, among which the bacterial enoyl-ACP reductase (FabI) inhibitor triclocarban was detected at the highest abundance. A hypomorphic FabI knockdown E. coli strain was highly susceptible to the sludge extracts, confirming FabI inhibitors as the primary antibacterial compounds in the sludge. Protein affinity pulldown identified triclosan as the major ligand binding to a His-tagged FabI protein from the sludge, despite the higher abundance of triclocarban in the same samples. Effect-directed analysis was used to determine the contributions of triclosan to the observed antibacterial potencies. Antibacterial effects were only detected in F17 and F18 across 20 fractions, which was consistent with the elution of triclosan and triclocarban in the same two fractions. Further, potency mass balance analysis confirmed that triclosan explained the majority (58-113%) of inhibition effects from sludge extracts. This study highlighted triclosan as the predominant antibacterial compound in sewage sludge impacting E. coli despite the co-occurrence of numerous other antibiotics and nonantibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Holly Barrett
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Jianxian Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Yufeng Gong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Paul Yang
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks (MECP), Toronto, ON M7A 1N3, Canada
| | - Chunyan Hao
- Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks (MECP), Toronto, ON M7A 1N3, Canada
| | - Jonathan Verreault
- Centre de recherche en toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN), Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
- School of the Environment, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Shi K, Zhang H, Xu H, Liu Z, Kan G, Yu K, Jiang J. Adsorption behaviors of triclosan by non-biodegradable and biodegradable microplastics: Kinetics and mechanism. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 842:156832. [PMID: 35760165 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) pollution has been becoming serious and widespread in the global environment. Although MPs have been identified as vectors for contaminants, adsorption and desorption behaviors of chemicals with non-biodegradable and biodegradable MPs during the aging process is limited. In this work, the adsorption behaviors of triclosan (TCS) by non-biodegradable polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP), and biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) were investigated. The differences in morphology, chemical structures, crystallization, and hydrophilicity were investigated after the ultraviolet aging process and compared with the virgin MPs. The results show that the water contact angles of the aged MPs were slightly reduced compared with the virgin MPs. The aged MPs exhibited a stronger adsorption capacity for TCS because of the physical and chemical changes in MPs. The virgin biodegradable PLA had a larger adsorption capacity than the non-biodegradable PE and PP. The adsorption capacity presented the opposite trend after aging. The main adsorption mechanism of MPs relied on hydrophobicity interaction, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic interaction. The work provides new insights into TCS as hazardous environmental contaminants, which will enhance the vector potential of non-biodegradable and biodegradable MPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Shi
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong 264209, PR China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, PR China
| | - Hong Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong 264209, PR China.
| | - HaoMing Xu
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong 264209, PR China
| | - Zhe Liu
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong 264209, PR China
| | - Guangfeng Kan
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong 264209, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, PR China
| | - Kai Yu
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong 264209, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, PR China
| | - Jie Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150090, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Viana AS, Botelho AMN, Feder A, Moustafa AM, Santos Silva DN, Martini CL, Ferreira ALP, Silva-Carvalho MC, Ferreira-Carvalho BT, Planet PJ, Sá Figueiredo AM. High frequency of increased triclosan MIC among CC5 MRSA and risk of misclassification of the SCCmec into types. J Antimicrob Chemother 2022; 77:3340-3348. [PMID: 36173394 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkac322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Typing of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) elements is commonly used for studies on the molecular epidemiology of MRSA. OBJECTIVES To perform an investigation centred on uncovering the reasons for misclassification of MRSA clonal complex 5 (CC5) SCCmec type II clinical isolates in our laboratory. METHODS MRSA isolates from CC5 were subjected to WGS and SCCmec typing. RESULTS This investigation led to the discovery that the classification failure was due to an insertion of IS1272 carrying the fabI gene on a transposable element (TnSha1) that confers increased MIC to the biocide triclosan. Genomic analysis revealed that fabI was present in 25% of the CC5 MRSA isolates sampled. The frequency of TnSha1 in our collection was much higher than that observed among publicly available genomes (0.8%; n = 24/3142 CC5 genomes). Phylogenetic analyses revealed that genomes in different CC5 clades carry TnSha1 inserted in different integration sites, suggesting that this transposon has entered CC5 MRSA genomes on multiple occasions. In at least two genotypes, ST5-SCCmecII-t539 and ST5-SCCmecII-t2666, TnSha1 seems to have entered prior to their divergence. CONCLUSIONS Our work highlights an important misclassification problem of SCCmecII in isolates harbouring TnSha1 when Boye's method is used for typing, which could have important implications for molecular epidemiology of MRSA. The importance of increased-MIC phenotype is still a matter of controversy that deserves more study given the widespread use of triclosan in many countries. Our results suggest expanding prevalence that may indicate strong selection for this phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Slotfeldt Viana
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Nunes Botelho
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Andries Feder
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ahmed Magdi Moustafa
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19106, USA
| | | | - Caroline Lopes Martini
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Adriana Lucia Pires Ferreira
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil.,Diagnósticos da América S.A., Duque de Caxias, RJ, 25085-007, Brazil
| | - Maria Cícera Silva-Carvalho
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| | | | - Paul Joseph Planet
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19106, USA
| | - Agnes Marie Sá Figueiredo
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-902, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wu Y, Yan H, Zhu X, Liu C, Chu C, Zhu X, Chen B. Biochar Effectively Inhibits the Horizontal Transfer of Antibiotic Resistance Genes via Restraining the Energy Supply for Conjugative Plasmid Transfer. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:12573-12583. [PMID: 35944241 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c02701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) through plasmid-mediated conjugation poses a major threat to global public health. Biochar, a widely used environmental remediation material, has remarkable impacts on the fate of ARGs. However, although biochar was reported being able to inhibit the HGT of ARGs via conjugation and transformation, little is known about the intracellular process that mediates the inhibition effects. On the other hand, as typical natural organic matter, fulvic acid is a common environmental influencer, and how it interferes with the effect of biochar on the HGT of ARGs is unknown. Therefore, this study investigated the effects on the conjugative transfer of ARGs between Escherichia coli MG1655 and E. coli HB101 carrying plasmid RP4, with biochars pyrolyzed at three temperatures and with the corresponding biochars coating with fulvic acid. Results showed that biochar with higher pyrolyzed temperature had a more substantial inhibitory effect on the conjugative transfer of the RP4 plasmid. The inhibitory effect of biochar was mainly attributed to (i) down-regulation of plasmid transfer gene expression, including the formation of conjugative transfer channel and plasmid replication, due to restrained adenosine triphosphate (ATP) energy supply and (ii) decreased cell membrane permeability. Conversely, the fulvic acid coating diminished this inhibition effect of biochar, mainly by providing more ATP and strengthening intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) defense. Our findings shed light on the intracellular process that mediates the effects of biochar on the conjugative transfer of ARGs, which would provide support for using biochar to reduce the spread of ARGs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Wu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huicong Yan
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhu
- College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Congcong Liu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chiheng Chu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhu
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Baoliang Chen
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Process and Control, Hangzhou 310058, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Characterisation of the triclosan efflux pump TriABC and its regulator TriR in Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58. Microbiol Res 2022; 263:127112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
21
|
A Study on Preparation and Property Evaluations of Composites Consisting of TPU/Triclosan Membranes and Tencel ®/LMPET Nonwoven Fabrics. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14122514. [PMID: 35746090 PMCID: PMC9228673 DOI: 10.3390/polym14122514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated eco-friendly antibacterial medical protective clothing via the nonwoven process and characteristic evaluations. Firstly, Tencel® fibers and low melting point polyester (LMPET) fibers (re-sliced and granulated from recycled PET bottles) were mixed at different ratios and then needle punched at diverse needle rolling depths. The influences of manufacturing parameters on the Tencel®/LMPET nonwoven fabrics were examined in terms of mechanical properties, water vapor transmission rate, and stiffness. Next, Tencel®/LMPET nonwoven fabrics were combined with thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/Triclosan antibacterial membranes that contained different contents of triclosan using melt processing technology. The resulting Tencel®/LMPET/TPU/Triclosan composites were characterized via different measurements; an optimal bursting strength of 86.86 N, an optimal horizontal tensile strength of 41.90 N, and an optimal stiffness along the MD and CD of 8.60 cm were recorded. Furthermore, the Tencel®/LMPET/TPU/Triclosan composites exhibited a distinct inhibition zone in the antibacterial measurement, and the hydrostatic pressure met the requirements of the EN 14126:2003 and GB 19082-200 disposable medical protective gear test standards.
Collapse
|
22
|
Dang Q, Zhao X, Yang T, Gong T, He X, Tan W, Xi B. Coordination of bacterial biomarkers with the dominant microbes enhances triclosan biodegradation in soil amended with food waste compost and cow dung compost. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 824:153837. [PMID: 35181369 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Increasing concerns regarding the micropollutant triclosan (TCS) derive from its potential threats to human health and ecological security. Compost addition have been verified to be effective in soil remediation, however, the biodegradation of TCS under compost amendment in soil remain unclear. This study investigated the removal of TCS in soils amended with food waste compost (FS), cow dung compost (CS) and sludge compost (SS), respectively, explored the key TCS-degraders and biological mechanisms of TCS removal. Compost addition significantly enhanced the removal of TCS (p < 0.05) in the order of FS > CS > SS. The dosage of 20% (w/w) was the most efficient one and the ultimate concentrations of TCS were decreased by 76.67%, 67.90% and 56.79% compared with CK, respectively. The abundance of key dominant bacterial genus (7 in FS and 4 in CS) and fungal genus (3 in FS and CS) was stimulated due to the increase of soil nutrient factors (including dissolved organic carbon, DOC; soil organic matter, SOM; ammonium nitrogen, NH4+; nitrate nitrogen, NO3-) and the decrease of pH. A negative correlation between these dominant microbes and TCS concentration indicated their potential effect on TCS degradation. A total of four bacterial biomarkers, namely Saccharomonospora, Aequorivita, Bacillaceae and Fodinicurvataceae (both at family level) were the key TCS-degraders. Structural equation model (SEM) indicated that the improvement of soil nutrient factors in FS and CS promoted TCS biodegradation by improving the activity of bacterial biomarkers, as while, the key dominant microbes showed good tolerance to TCS stress. However, there were no significant biological effects on TCS in SS group. Network analysis further confirmed that it was the coordination of bacterial biomarkers with the dominant microbes that enhanced TCS biodegradation in soil amended with food waste compost and cow dung compost.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuling Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Tianxue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Tiancheng Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Identification and Risk Control, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiaosong He
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Wenbing Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Beidou Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wu X, Liu Z, Li M, Bartlam M, Wang Y. Integrated metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analysis reveals actively expressed antibiotic resistomes in the plastisphere. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 430:128418. [PMID: 35144012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The plastisphere is viewed as a reservoir for the antibiotic resistome in water environments and may pose health concerns. However, the expression profiles of the resistome in the plastisphere are largely unknown. Here, we profiled the occurrence, abundance, and transcriptional level of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), plasmid associated ARGs, microbial composition and ARG bacterial hosts in the plastisphere and urban river water using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, metagenomic sequencing, and metatranscriptomic sequencing methods. A total of 173 ARGs conferring resistance to 24 major classes of antibiotics commonly prescribed to humans and animals were detected in the plastisphere. Of these, 75 genes were observed with transcriptional activity, indicating that the antibiotic resistome in the plastisphere was not only present, but also actively expressed. Human pathogens belonging to family Enterobacteriaceae were identified as bacterial hosts of ARGs in the plastisphere. The opportunistic and multidrug resistant human pathogen Enterobacter cloacae was found to actively express tetG and confer tetracycline resistance to the plastisphere. Furthermore, 39 genes were identified as "plasmid associated ARGs" in the plastisphere, displaying a higher proportion of transcript abundance compared with water. The above results suggest that the plastisphere is a hotspot for antibiotic resistome acquisition, expression, and dissemination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Wu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai International Advanced Research Institute (Shenzhen Futian), Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zongbao Liu
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Meng Li
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Mark Bartlam
- College of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai International Advanced Research Institute (Shenzhen Futian), Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Yingying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai International Advanced Research Institute (Shenzhen Futian), Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhao H, Wang M, Cui Y, Zhang C. Can We Arrest the Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance? The Differences between the Effects of Silver Nanoparticles and Silver Ions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:5090-5101. [PMID: 35344362 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are effective antimicrobial substances that show promise in combatting multidrug resistance. The potential application and release of AgNPs into the environment may neutralize the selective advantage of antibiotic resistance. Systemic knowledge regarding the effect of NPs on the evolution of antibiotic resistance is lacking. Our results showed that bacteria slowly developed adaptive tolerance to ciprofloxacin (CIP) under cyclic CIP and silver ion (Ag+) cotreatment, and no resistance/tolerance was discernible when CIP and AgNP exposure was alternated. In contrast, rapid CIP resistance was induced under continuous selection by treatment with only CIP. To combat the effects of CIP and Ag+, bacteria developed convergent evolutionary strategies with similar adaptive mechanisms, including anaerobic respiration transitioning (to reduce oxidative stress) and stringent response (to survive harsh environments). Alternating AgNP exposure impeded evolutionary resistance by accelerating B12-dependent folate and methionine cycles, which reestablished DNA synthesis and partially offset high oxidative stress levels, in contrast with the effect of CIP-directed evolutionary pressure. Nevertheless, CIP/AgNP treatment was ineffective in attenuating virulence, and CIP/Ag+ exposure even induced the virulence-critical type III secretion system. Our results increase the basic understanding of the impacts of NPs on evolutionary biology and suggest prospective nanotechnology applications for arresting evolutionary antibiotic resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiru Zhao
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Meiling Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yueting Cui
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chengdong Zhang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Fang J, Jin L, Meng Q, Shan S, Wang D, Lin D. Biochar effectively inhibits the horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes via transformation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 423:127150. [PMID: 34530277 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The rapid spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) has posed a risk to human health. Here, the effects of biochar (BC) on the horizontal transfer of ARG-carrying plasmids to Escherichia coli via transformation were systematically investigated. BC could significantly inhibit the transformation of ARGs and the inhibition degree increased with pyrolysis temperature. Rice straw-derived BC showed a stronger inhibitory effect on the transformation of ARGs than that of peanut shell-derived BC from the same pyrolysis temperature. The inhibitory effect of BC from low pyrolysis temperature (300 ℃) was mainly caused by BC dissolutions, while it was mainly attributed to BC solids for high pyrolysis temperature (700 ℃) BC. BC dissolutions could induce intramolecular condensation and even agglomeration of plasmids, hindering their transformation into competent bacteria. The cell membrane permeability was slightly decreased in BC dissolutions, which might also contribute to the inhibitory effect. Plasmid can be adsorbed by BC solids and the adsorption increased with BC pyrolysis temperature. Meanwhile, BC-adsorbed plasmid could hardly be transformed into E. coli. BC solids could also deactivate E. coli and thereby inhibit their uptake of ARGs. These findings provide a way using BC to limit the spread of ARGs in the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fang
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China.
| | - Liang Jin
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Qingkang Meng
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Shengdao Shan
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Dengjun Wang
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36948, USA
| | - Daohui Lin
- Department of Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Liang H, Wang F, Mu R, Huang J, Zhao R, Li X, Yu K, Li B. Metagenomics analysis revealing the occurrence of antibiotic resistome in salt lakes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 790:148262. [PMID: 34380279 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in dozens of environments have been well documented, the distribution of ARGs in salt lake ecosystems has been less intensively investigated. In this study, the broad-spectrum ARG profiles, microbial community composition and the comprehensive associations between microbiome and antimicrobial resistome in four salt lakes were investigated using a metagenomic approach. A total of 175 ARG subtypes affiliated with 19 ARG types were detected, and ARGs conferring resistance to multidrug, bacitracin, and macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS) accounted for 71.2% of the total ARG abundance. However, the abundance of ARGs significantly decreased with the increasing salinity in the lakes. Both ARG profiles and microbial community structure presented remarkable discrepancies in different lakes, as well as in different sample types. Microbes such as genera Azoarcus, Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, and Kocuria, significantly co-occurred with multiple ARGs, indicating that these bacteria are potential ARG hosts in salt lake ecosystems. Collectively, this work provides new insights into the occurrence and distribution of ARGs in salt lake ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hebin Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Fan Wang
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519082, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Atmosphere-Ocean System, Ministry of Education, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Rong Mu
- School of Environment and Energy, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Renxin Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Shenzhen Environmental Science and New Energy Laboratory, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ke Yu
- School of Environment and Energy, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Bing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Urban Water Recycling and Environmental Safety, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Liao H, Li X, Yang Q, Bai Y, Cui P, Wen C, Liu C, Chen Z, Tang J, Che J, Yu Z, Geisen S, Zhou S, Friman VP, Zhu YG. Herbicide Selection Promotes Antibiotic Resistance in Soil Microbiomes. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38:2337-2350. [PMID: 33592098 PMCID: PMC8136491 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msab029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbicides are one of the most widely used chemicals in agriculture. While they are known to be harmful to nontarget organisms, the effects of herbicides on the composition and functioning of soil microbial communities remain unclear. Here we show that application of three widely used herbicides—glyphosate, glufosinate, and dicamba—increase the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in soil microbiomes without clear changes in the abundance, diversity and composition of bacterial communities. Mechanistically, these results could be explained by a positive selection for more tolerant genotypes that acquired several mutations in previously well-characterized herbicide and ARGs. Moreover, herbicide exposure increased cell membrane permeability and conjugation frequency of multidrug resistance plasmids, promoting ARG movement between bacteria. A similar pattern was found in agricultural soils across 11 provinces in China, where herbicide application, and the levels of glyphosate residues in soils, were associated with increased ARG and MGE abundances relative to herbicide-free control sites. Together, our results show that herbicide application can enrich ARGs and MGEs by changing the genetic composition of soil microbiomes, potentially contributing to the global antimicrobial resistance problem in agricultural environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanpeng Liao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xi Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qiue Yang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yudan Bai
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Peng Cui
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Chang Wen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jiahuan Tang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jiangang Che
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhen Yu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management, Guangdong Institute of Eco-environmental Science & Technology, Guangzhou 510650, China
| | - Stefan Geisen
- Laboratory of Nematology, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6700AA, Netherlands
| | - Shungui Zhou
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Ville-Petri Friman
- Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lin Z, Yuan T, Zhou L, Cheng S, Qu X, Lu P, Feng Q. Impact factors of the accumulation, migration and spread of antibiotic resistance in the environment. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2021; 43:1741-1758. [PMID: 33123928 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-020-00759-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a great concern, which leads to global public health risks and ecological and environmental risks. The presence of antibiotic-resistant genes and antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the environment exacerbates the risk of spreading antibiotic resistance. Among them, horizontal gene transfer is an important mode in the spread of antibiotic resistance genes, and it is one of the reasons that the antibiotic resistance pollution has become increasingly serious. At the same time, free antibiotic resistance genes and resistance gene host bacterial also exist in the natural environment. They can not only affect horizontal gene transfer, but can also migrate and aggregate among environmental media in many ways and then continue to affect the proliferate and transfer of antibiotic resistance genes. All this shows the seriousness of antibiotic resistance pollution. Therefore, in this review, we reveal the sensitive factors affecting the distribution and spread of antibiotic resistance through three aspects: the influencing factors of horizontal gene transfer, the host bacteria of resistance genes and the migration of antibiotic resistance between environmental media. This review reveals the huge role of environmental migration in the spread of antibiotic resistance, and the environmental behavior of antibiotic resistance deserves wider attention. Meanwhile, extracellular antibiotic resistance genes and intracellular antibiotic resistance genes play different roles, so they should be studied separately.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zibo Lin
- School of Environmental Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Coal-based Greenhouse Gas Control and Utilization, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221008, China
| | - Tao Yuan
- Department of Construction Equipment and Municipal Engineering, Jiangsu Vocational Institute of Architectural Technology, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Coal-based Greenhouse Gas Control and Utilization, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221008, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Building Energy Saving and Construct Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Lai Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Coal-based Greenhouse Gas Control and Utilization, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221008, China
| | - Sen Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Coal-based Greenhouse Gas Control and Utilization, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221008, China
| | - Xu Qu
- School of Environmental Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Coal-based Greenhouse Gas Control and Utilization, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221008, China
| | - Ping Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Coal-based Greenhouse Gas Control and Utilization, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221008, China.
| | - Qiyan Feng
- School of Environmental Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221000, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Coal-based Greenhouse Gas Control and Utilization, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221008, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
McFarland AG, Bertucci HK, Littman E, Shen J, Huttenhower C, Hartmann EM. Triclosan Tolerance Is Driven by a Conserved Mechanism in Diverse Pseudomonas Species. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e02924-20. [PMID: 33483311 PMCID: PMC8091609 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02924-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Perturbation of natural microbial communities by antimicrobials, such as triclosan, can result in selection for antibiotic tolerance, which is of particular concern when pathogens are present. Members of the genus Pseudomonas are found in many natural microbial communities and frequently demonstrate increased abundance following triclosan exposure. The pathogen and well-studied model organism Pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibits high triclosan tolerance; however, it is unknown if all Pseudomonas species share this trait or if there are susceptible strains. We characterized the triclosan tolerance phenotypes of diverse Pseudomonas isolates obtained from triclosan-exposed built environments and identified both tolerant and sensitive strains. High tolerance is associated with carriage of the enoyl-acyl carrier reductase (ENR) isozyme gene fabV, compared to the lesser protective effects of efflux or presence of ENRs. Given its unique importance, we examined fabV distribution throughout Pseudomonas species using large-scale phylogenomic analyses. We find fabV presence or absence is largely invariant at the species level but demonstrates multiple gain and loss events in its evolutionary history. We further provide evidence of its presence on mobile genetic elements. Our results demonstrate the surprising variability in triclosan tolerance in Pseudomonas and confirm fabV to be a useful indicator for high triclosan tolerance in Pseudomonas These findings provide a framework for better monitoring of Pseudomonas in triclosan-exposed environments and interpreting effects on species and gene composition.IMPORTANCE Closely related species are typically assumed to demonstrate similar phenotypes driven by underlying conserved genotypes. When monitoring for the effect of antimicrobials on the types of species that may be selected for, this assumption may prove to be incorrect, and identification of additional genetic markers may be necessary. We isolated several phylogenetically diverse members of Pseudomonas from indoor environments and tested their phenotypic tolerance toward the commonly used antimicrobial triclosan. Although Pseudomonas isolates are broadly regarded to be highly triclosan tolerant, we demonstrate the presence of both triclosan-tolerant and -susceptible strains, separated by a difference in tolerance of nearly 3 orders of magnitude. Bioinformatic and experimental investigation demonstrated that the presence of the gene fabV was associated with high tolerance. We demonstrate that fabV is not evenly distributed in all Pseudomonas species and that its presence could be a useful predictor of high triclosan tolerance suitable for antimicrobial monitoring efforts involving triclosan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G McFarland
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Hanna K Bertucci
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Erica Littman
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Jiaxian Shen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Curtis Huttenhower
- Harvard Chan Microbiome in Public Health Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Infectious Disease and Microbiome Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Erica M Hartmann
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Li M, Zhang C. Are silver nanoparticles better than triclosan as a daily antimicrobial? Answers from the perspectives of gut microbiome disruption and pathogenicity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 756:143983. [PMID: 33302073 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
As an alternative to triclosan (TCS), the widespread use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in daily products shows genuine potential. However, information regarding whether AgNPs are substantially better than TCS in their potential disruption of the gut microbiome and health effects is lacking. Using a simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (SHIME), we systemically compared the effects of TCS and AgNPs (at 1 μg/L and 30 μg/L) on the human gut microbiome in terms of changes in gut homeostasis, microbial community structure, antibiotic resistance profiles and abundances of opportunistic pathogens. Generally, TCS exerted more severe effects than AgNPs on gut disturbances (i.e., decreased production of short-chain fatty acids, increased contents of ammonium and total bile acids, and increased β-glucosidase activities) in a dose-dependent manner, whereas no clear dose effect was observed for the AgNP treatment because of potential nanoparticle transformation. The more serious effect of TCS than AgNPs on the microbiota composition was indicated by the dynamic increase in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio determined using 16S rDNA sequencing. Metagenomic analyses revealed a more pronounced effect of TCS than AgNPs on the selection and dissemination of multiple resistance genes to antibiotics, TCS, and even Ag via the enrichment of genes encoding efflux pumps and mobile genetic elements. Consequently, the overgrowth of opportunistic pathogens was observed upon TCS exposure due to an imbalanced microbiome, in contrast to a slight increase in the abundance of some beneficial bacteria (i.e., Bifidobacterium) induced by the AgNP treatment. In conclusion, from the perspective of effects on gut health, AgNPs may prevail over TCS to some extent. However, the stress and potential selection of Ag resistance indicates the need for targeted surveillance of AgNP commercialization for daily use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Li
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Chengdong Zhang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhang Q, Xia T, Zhang C. Chronic Exposure to Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Induces Commensal-to-Pathogen Transition in Escherichia coli. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:13186-13196. [PMID: 32960578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c04968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Due to daily exposure to nanostructured titanium dioxide (nTiO2) for various purposes, concerns have been raised regarding the potential health impact of this material. Few studies have researched the chronic effect of nTiO2 on commensal gut bacteria, and the exposure scenario is typified by long durations, low doses, and dark conditions. We repeatedly exposed Escherichia coli to 5 mg/L nTiO2 for 200 subcultures (400 days) in the dark. Adaptive morphogenesis (i.e., filamentation, thickening of the cell wall, and biofilm formation) was observed, which diminished the sensitivity of the cells to oxidative stress and multiple antibiotics. The bacterial mobility was enhanced by approximately 66%, which was ascribed to the significant increases in flagellar assembly and fimbria biosynthesis. These adaptive traits were associated with increased pathogenicity, as corroborated by a higher death rate of macrophages in vitro and more severe bacterial infection in mice in vivo. The adaptive evolution was attributed to hydroxyl radical production by 5 mg/L nTiO2 in the dark due to surface oxygen vacancies. Therefore, although nTiO2 is generally considered inert in the absence of light, additional precautions should be taken when it is applied in food and daily products considering its potential toxic effects on the commensal microbial community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiurong Zhang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100857, China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Tian Xia
- Division of Nanomedicine, Department of Medicine, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles 90095, California, United States
| | - Chengdong Zhang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100857, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhang Q, Zhang C. Chronic Exposure to Low Concentration of Graphene Oxide Increases Bacterial Pathogenicity via the Envelope Stress Response. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:12412-12422. [PMID: 32910654 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c04538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide (GO), which has diverse antimicrobial mechanisms, is a promising material to address antibiotic resistance. Considering the emergence of antibiotic tolerance/resistance due to prolonged exposure to sublethal antibiotics, it is imperative to assess the microbiological effects and related adaptive mechanisms under chronic exposure to sublethal levels of GO, which have rarely been explored. After repetitive exposure to 5 mg/L GO for 200 subcultures (400 days), evolved Escherichia coli (E. coli) cells (EGO) differed significantly from their ancestor cells according to transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses. Contact with GO surfaces transformed E. coli by activating the Cpx envelope stress response (ESR), resulting in more than twofold greater extracellular protease release and biofilm formation. The ESR also modulated the envelope structure and function via increases in membrane fluidity, permeation, and lipopolysaccharide content to fulfill growth requirements and combat envelope stress. As a consequence of metabolic adjustment, EGO cells showed advantages of surviving in an acidic and oxidative environment, which resembles the cytosol of host cells. With these adaptive features, EGO cells exhibited higher pathogenicity than ancestor E. coli cells as evidenced by increased bacterial invasion and intracellular survival and a more severe inflammatory response in macrophage cells. To conclude, we seek to raise awareness of the possible occurrence of microbial adaptation to antimicrobial nanomaterials, which may be implicated in cross-adaptation to harsh environments and eventually the prevalence of virulence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiurong Zhang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100857, China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Chengdong Zhang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100857, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zeng W, Xu W, Xu Y, Liao W, Zhao Y, Zheng X, Xu C, Zhou T, Cao J. The prevalence and mechanism of triclosan resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from urine samples in Wenzhou, China. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2020; 9:161. [PMID: 33008474 PMCID: PMC7531082 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-020-00823-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The widespread application of triclosan contributes to its residual deposition in urine, which provides an environment of long-term exposure to triclosan for the intestinal Escherichia coli. We determined the triclosan and antibiotic resistance characteristics of E. coli strains isolated from urine samples and further investigated the resistance mechanism and molecular epidemic characteristics of triclosan-resistant E. coli isolates. Methods A total of 200 non-repetitive E. coli strains were isolated from urine samples and then identified. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of triclosan and antibiotics, fabI mutation, efflux pump activity, the expression of 14 efflux pump encoding genes, and epidemiological characteristics were determined by the agar dilution method, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) inhibition test, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), multilocus sequence typing (MLST), and pulse-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) for all triclosan-resistant isolates. Furthermore, we also investigated the effect of triclosan exposure in vitro on antibiotic susceptibility and the efflux pump encoding gene expressions of triclosan-susceptible strains via serial passage experiments. Results Of the 200 E. coli isolates, 2.5% (n = 5) were found to be resistant to triclosan, and multidrug resistance (MDR) and cross-resistance phenotypes were noted for these triclosan-resistant strains. The triclosan-sensitive strains also exhibited MDR phenotypes, probably because of the high resistance rate to AMP, CIP, LVX, and GEN. Gly79Ala and Ala69Thr amino acid changes were observed in the triclosan-resistant strains, but these changes may not mediate resistance of E. coli to triclosan, because mutations of these two amino acids has also been detected in triclosan-susceptible strains. Moreover, except for DC8603, all other strains enhanced the efflux pumps activity. As compared with ATCC 25922, except for fabI, increased expressions were noted for all efflux pump encoding genes such as ydcV, ydcU, ydcS, ydcT, cysP, yihV, acrB, acrD, and mdfA among the studied strains with varying PFGE patterns and STs types. Unexpectedly, 5 susceptible E. coli isolates showed rapidly increasing triclosan resistance after exposure to triclosan in vitro for only 12 days, while MDR or cross-resistance phenotypes and the overexpression of efflux pump genes were recorded among these triclosan-induced resistant isolates. Conclusions This is the first study to report that short-term triclosan exposure in vitro increases triclosan resistance in susceptible E. coli isolates. After acquiring resistance, these strains may present MDR or cross-resistance phenotypes. Moreover, triclosan resistance mainly involves the overexpression of fabI and efflux pumps in E. coli isolates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiliang Zeng
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wenya Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ye Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wenli Liao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yajie Zhao
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiangkuo Zheng
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chunquan Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Tieli Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Jianming Cao
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhang C, Dong S, Chen C, Zhang Q, Zhou D. Co-substrate addition accelerated amoxicillin degradation and detoxification by up-regulating degradation related enzymes and promoting cell resistance. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 394:122574. [PMID: 32278124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
β-Lactam antibiotics are the most commonly used antibiotics, and are difficult to remove by conventional biological treatments because of their persistent and toxic nature. The addition of co-substrates has been successfully employed to improve the removal of refractory pollutants. So, we hypothesized that the co-substrate strategy would increase antibiotic degradation and benefit microbial survival. In this work, we reported that co-substrate (acetate) addition up-regulated key degrading enzymes and resistance related genes in a model bacteria strain (L. aquatilis) when being treated with 0.055 mM amoxicillin (AMO). β-Lactamase, amidases, transaminase, and amide C-N hydrolase showed increased activation. As a result, AMO removal reached ∼95 %, a ∼60 % increase over the control. Furthermore, the addition of acetate drove the down-stream TCA cycle, which accelerated the detoxification of the intermediates and reduced the microbial inhibition by the antibiotic products to as low as ∼15 %. Besides, the expression levels of genes encoding the efflux pump, penicillin binding proteins, and β-Lactamase were up-regulated, and the inhibition of peptidoglycan biosynthesis was down-regulated. The cell density was enhanced by ∼170 % and showed improved DNA replication. In conclusion, the addition of the co-substrate accelerated AMO degradation and detoxification by up-regulating degrading enzymes and promoting cell resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chongjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Engineering Lab for Water Pollution Control and Resources Recovery of Jilin Province, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Shuangshi Dong
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Congli Chen
- Engineering Lab for Water Pollution Control and Resources Recovery of Jilin Province, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Qifeng Zhang
- Engineering Lab for Water Pollution Control and Resources Recovery of Jilin Province, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Dandan Zhou
- Engineering Lab for Water Pollution Control and Resources Recovery of Jilin Province, School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130117, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Yan W, Bai R, Wang S, Tian X, Li Y, Wang S, Yang F, Xiao Y, Lu X, Zhao F. Antibiotic resistance genes are increased by combined exposure to sulfamethoxazole and naproxen but relieved by low-salinity. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 139:105742. [PMID: 32315890 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Combined pollution of antibiotic and non-antibiotic pharmaceutical residues is ubiquitous in realistic polluted environments, which is regarded as a complicated emerging pollution. Herein, high-throughput sequencing and high-throughput quantitative PCR were applied to profile the overall changes in microbial communities and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) of biofilms in response to a combination of naproxen and sulfamethoxazole pollution. After continuous operation for 120 days, naproxen or/and sulfamethoxazole were efficiently removed, and the salinity of 1.00% enhanced the removal rate of sulfamethoxazole. The high-throughput sequencing revealed that Eubacterium spp. with abundances of over 40.00% dominated in all samples, and combined pollution of naproxen and sulfamethoxazole more readily promoted the occurrence of multidrug-resistant microbes, including Pseudomonas and Methylophilus. The high-throughput quantitative PCR results showed that the combined pollution of naproxen and sulfamethoxazole increased the total abundance of ARGs to approximately 9 copies per cell. In contrast, increasing the salinity to 1.00% greatly reduced the overall abundance of ARGs to below 2 copies per bacterial cell. Mantel test and Procrustes analysis indicated that microbiomes from different treatments had tight links to their respective antibiotic resistomes. Furthermore, network analysis revealed that multidrug-resistant microbes were potential hosts for greatly enriched numbers of ARGs in the combined treatment. As increased salinity eliminated those multidrug-resistant but salt-sensitive microbes, the abundance of ARGs was significantly decreased. These results showed the high probability of the transmission of ARGs in biofilms exposed to combined pollution of naproxen and sulfamethoxazole, which could be relieved by increased salinity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weifu Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China
| | - Rui Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Siqi Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, PR China
| | - Xiaochun Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China
| | - Yan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Shuhua Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, PR China
| | - Fan Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yong Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China.
| | - Xiaoquan Lu
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, PR China; Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Feng Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Yasir M, Turner AK, Bastkowski S, Baker D, Page AJ, Telatin A, Phan MD, Monahan L, Savva GM, Darling A, Webber MA, Charles IG. TraDIS-Xpress: a high-resolution whole-genome assay identifies novel mechanisms of triclosan action and resistance. Genome Res 2020; 30:239-249. [PMID: 32051187 PMCID: PMC7050523 DOI: 10.1101/gr.254391.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the genetic basis for a phenotype is a central goal in biological research. Much has been learnt about bacterial genomes by creating large mutant libraries and looking for conditionally important genes. However, current genome-wide methods are largely unable to assay essential genes which are not amenable to disruption. To overcome this limitation, we developed a new version of "TraDIS" (transposon directed insertion-site sequencing) that we term "TraDIS-Xpress" that combines an inducible promoter into the transposon cassette. This allows controlled overexpression and repression of all genes owing to saturation of inserts adjacent to all open reading frames as well as conventional inactivation. We applied TraDIS-Xpress to identify responses to the biocide triclosan across a range of concentrations. Triclosan is endemic in modern life, but there is uncertainty about its mode of action with a concentration-dependent switch from bacteriostatic to bactericidal action unexplained. Our results show a concentration-dependent response to triclosan with different genes important in survival between static and cidal exposures. These genes include those previously reported to have a role in triclosan resistance as well as a new set of genes, including essential genes. Novel genes identified as being sensitive to triclosan exposure include those involved in barrier function, small molecule uptake, and integrity of transcription and translation. We anticipate the approach we show here, by allowing comparisons across multiple experimental conditions of TraDIS data, and including essential genes, will be a starting point for future work examining how different drug conditions impact bacterial survival mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Yasir
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, United Kingdom
| | - A Keith Turner
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Bastkowski
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, United Kingdom
| | - David Baker
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Page
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Telatin
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, United Kingdom
| | - Minh-Duy Phan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia
| | - Leigh Monahan
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - George M Savva
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron Darling
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Mark A Webber
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, United Kingdom
- University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Ian G Charles
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, United Kingdom
- University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Shrestha P, Zhang Y, Chen WJ, Wong TY. Triclosan: antimicrobial mechanisms, antibiotics interactions, clinical applications, and human health. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, TOXICOLOGY AND CARCINOGENESIS 2020; 38:245-268. [PMID: 32955413 DOI: 10.1080/26896583.2020.1809286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The large-scale applications of Triclosan in industrial and household products have created many health and environmental concerns. Despite the fears of its drug-resistance and other issues, Triclosan is still an effective drug against many infectious organisms. Knowing the cross-interactions of Triclosan with different antibiotics, bacteria, and humans can provide much-needed information for the risk assessment of this drug. We review the current understanding of the antimicrobial mechanisms of Triclosan, how microbes become resistant to Triclosan, and the synergistic and antagonistic effects of Triclosan with different antibiotics. Current literature on the clinical applications of Triclosan and its effect on fetus/child development are also summarized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prabin Shrestha
- Biological Sciences Department, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Wen-Jen Chen
- Biological Sciences Department, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Tit-Yee Wong
- Biological Sciences Department, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Karmakar S, Abraham TJ, Kumar S, Kumar S, Shukla SP, Roy U, Kumar K. Triclosan exposure induces varying extent of reversible antimicrobial resistance in Aeromonas hydrophila and Edwardsiella tarda. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 180:309-316. [PMID: 31102840 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) is a biocide commonly used in household and personal care items to prevent the microbial growth and is currently considered as an emerging pollutant. It has a ubiquitous distribution which can substantially contribute towards antimicrobial resistance. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of TCS exposure on the antibiotic sensitivity of aquatic bacteria. Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC® 49140™ and Edwardsiella tarda ATCC® 15947™ exposed to TCS for short (30 min) and long duration (serial passages). The agar-disc diffusion assay during the serial passages of TCS exposure and subsequent exposure withdrawal showed clinically insignificant changes in the zone of inhibition for six selected antibiotics in both bacterial strains at all exposure concentrations. Four folds concentration-dependent increase in the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of TCS was observed in both the strains following TCS exposure. Similarly, a concentration-dependent increase in the MICs of oxytetracycline (OTC) up to 4 folds in A. hydrophila, and up to 8 folds in E. tarda, was also documented during the TCS exposure. In all the cases, withdrawal of TCS exposure effectively reduced the MICs of TCS and OTC in blank passages suggesting a decline in acquired resistance. The frequencies of mutation during 30 min TCS exposure for E. tarda and A. hydrophila ranged between >10-6 and 10-7 levels. Nevertheless, the TCS exposure did not cause any detectable mutation on the fabV gene of A. hydrophila indicating that the TCS may elicit phenotypic adaptation or other resistance mechanism. Although the reduction in MICs due to exposure withdrawal did not restore the bacterial susceptibility up to the initial level, the study proved that the reduced TCS use could significantly help reduce the antimicrobial-resistance and cross-resistance in pathogenic bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sutanu Karmakar
- Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - T J Abraham
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Fishery Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, 700094, India
| | - Saurav Kumar
- Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Sanath Kumar
- Fisheries Resources, Harvest and Post-Harvest Management Division, ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - S P Shukla
- Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Utsa Roy
- Fish Genetics and Biotechnology Division, ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Kundan Kumar
- Aquatic Environment and Health Management Division, ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, India.
| |
Collapse
|