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Davis CW, Brown DM, Swansborough C, Hughes CB, Camenzuli L, Saunders LJ, Lyon DY. Predicting Hydrocarbon Primary Biodegradation in Soil and Sediment Systems Using System Parameterization and Machine Learning. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2024; 43:1352-1363. [PMID: 38546229 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Technical complexity associated with biodegradation testing, particularly for substances of unknown or variable composition, complex reaction products, or biological materials (UVCB), necessitates the advancement of non-testing methods such as quantitative structure-property relationships (QSPRs). Models for describing the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons (HCs) have been previously developed. A critical limitation of available models is their inability to capture the variability in biodegradation rates associated with variable test systems and environmental conditions. Recently, the Hydrocarbon Biodegradation System Integrated Model (HC-BioSIM) was developed to characterize the biodegradation of HCs in aquatic systems with the inclusion of key test system variables. The present study further expands the HC-BioSIM methodology to soil and sediment systems using a database of 2195 half-life (i.e., degradation time [DT]50) entries for HCs in soil and sediment. Relevance and reliability criteria were defined based on similarity to standard testing guidelines for biodegradation testing and applied to all entries in the database. The HC-BioSIM soil and sediment models significantly outperformed the existing biodegradation HC half-life (BioHCWin) and virtual evaluation of chemical properties and toxicities (VEGA) quantitative Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research (IRFMN) models in soil and sediment. Average errors in predicted DT50s were reduced by up to 6.3- and 8.7-fold for soil and sediment, respectively. No significant bias as a function of HC class, carbon number, or test system parameters was observed. Model diagnostics demonstrated low variability in performance and high consistency of parameter usage/importance and rule structure, supporting the generalizability and stability of the models for application to external data sets. The HC-BioSIM provides improved accuracy of Persistence categorization, with correct classification rates of 83.9%, and 90.6% for soil and sediment, respectively, demonstrating a significant improvement over the existing BioHCWin (70.7% and 58.6%) and VEGA (59.5% and 18.5%) models. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1352-1363. © 2024 Concawe. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig W Davis
- ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences, Annandale, New Jersey, USA
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2
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Xu Y, Xiong B, Huang YMM, Xu J, He Y, Lu Z. Exploring additives beyond phthalates: Release from plastic mulching films, biodegradation and occurrence in agricultural soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170763. [PMID: 38336072 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
It is widely recognized that applications of plastic films result in plastic pollution in agroecosystems. However, there is limited knowledge on the release and occurrence of additives beyond phthalates in agricultural soil. In this study, the rates of release and biodegradation of various additives, including phthalates, bisphenols, organophosphate esters, phenolic antioxidants, and ultraviolet absorbents from mulching films in soil were quantified by laboratory incubation. The rates of release and biodegradation ranged from 0.069 d-1 to 5.893 d-1 and from 1.43 × 10-3 d-1 to 0.600 d-1, respectively. Both of these rates were affected by temperature, flooding, and the properties of additives, films, and soils. An estimated 4000 metric tons of these additives were released into soil annually in China exclusively. The total concentrations of these additives in 80 agricultural soils varied between 228 and 3455 μg kg-1, with phenolic antioxidants, phthalates, and bisphenols accounting for 54.1%, 25.2%, and 17.9% of the total concentrations, respectively. A preliminary risk assessment suggested that the current levels of these additives could potentially present moderate hazards to the soil ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Boya Xiong
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo-Engineering, University of Minnesota, 500 Pillsbury Dr SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Yu-Ming M Huang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
| | - Jianming Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yan He
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Zhijiang Lu
- Department of Environmental Science and Geology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, United States.
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3
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Biodegradation of chemicals tested in mixtures and individually: mixture effects on biodegradation kinetics and microbial composition. Biodegradation 2023; 34:139-153. [PMID: 36595149 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-022-10009-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradation in the aquatic environment occurs in the presence of many chemicals, while standard simulation biodegradation tests are conducted with single chemicals. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the presence of additional chemicals on (1) biodegradation kinetics of individual chemicals and (2) the microbial composition in test systems. Parallel mixture and single substance experiments were conducted for 9 chemicals (phenethyl benzoate, oxacycloheptadec-10-en-2-one, α-ionone, methyl 2-naphthyl ether, decan-5-olide, octan-2-one, 2'-acetonaphthanone, methyl N-methylanthranilate, (+)-menthone) using inoculum from a Danish stream. Biotic and abiotic test systems were incubated at 12 °C for 1-30 days. Primary biodegradation kinetics were then determined from biotic/abiotic peak area ratios using SPME GC/MS analysis. The effect of the mixture on biodegradation varied with test chemical and was more pronounced for chemicals with lag-phases above 14 days: two chemicals degraded in the mixture but not when tested alone (i.e., positive mixture effect), and two degraded when tested alone but not in the mixture (i.e., negative mixture effect). Microbial composition (16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing) was highly affected by 14 days incubation and the presence of the mixture (significant carbon source), but less by single chemicals (low carbon source). Growth on chemical mixtures resulted in consistent proliferation of Pseudomonas and Malikia, while specific chemicals increased the abundance of putative degraders belonging to Novosphingobium and Zoogloea. The chemical and microbiological results support (1) that simulation biodegradation kinetics should be determined in mixtures at low environmentally relevant concentrations and (2) that degradation times beyond some weeks are associated with more uncertainty.
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Zhang Y, Shi K, Cui H, Han J, Wang H, Ma X, Li Z, Zhang L, Nie S, Ma C, Wang A, Liang B. Efficient biodegradation of acetoacetanilide in hypersaline wastewater with a synthetic halotolerant bacterial consortium. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 441:129926. [PMID: 36099740 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The high concentrations of salt and refractory toxic organics in industrial wastewater seriously restrict biological treatment efficiency and functional stability. However, how to construct a salt-tolerant biocatalytic community and realize the decarbonization coupled with detoxification toward green bio-enhanced treatment, has yet to be well elucidated. Here, acetoacetanilide (AAA), an important intermediate for many dyes and medicine synthesis, was used as the model amide pollutant to elucidate the directional enrichment of halotolerant degradative communities and the corresponding bacterial interaction mechanism. Combining microbial community composition and molecular ecological network analyses as well as the biodegradation efficiencies of AAA and its hydrolysis product aniline (AN) of pure strains, the core degradative bacteria were identified during the hypersaline AAA degradation process. A synthetic bacterial consortium composed of Paenarthrobacter, Rhizobium, Rhodococcus, Delftia and Nitratireductor was constructed based on the top-down strategy to treat AAA wastewater with different water quality characteristics. The synthetic halotolerant consortium showed promising treatment ability toward the simulated AAA wastewater (AAA 100-500 mg/L, 1-5% salinity) and actual AAA mother liquor. Additionally, the comprehensive toxicity of AAA mother liquor significantly reduced after biological treatment. This study provides a green biological approach for the treatment of hypersaline and high concentration of organics wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Ke Shi
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hanlin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jinglong Han
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Xiaodan Ma
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhiling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shichen Nie
- Shandong Hynar Water Environmental Protection Co., Ltd., Caoxian, China
| | - Changshui Ma
- Tai'an Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Tai'an 271000, China
| | - Aijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Organic Pollution Prevention and Control, School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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5
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Prosser CM, Davis CW, Bragin GE, Camenzuli L. Using weight of evidence to assess degradation potential of UVCB hydrocarbon solvents. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2023. [PMID: 36600450 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Hydrocarbon solvents are a diverse group of petrochemical substances that are identified as unknown or variable composition, complex reaction products, or biological materials (UVCBs) and may contain tens of thousands of individual chemical constituents. As such, it is generally not possible to analytically resolve every chemical constituent in a hydrocarbon solvent. This, along with the low water solubility and/or high vapor pressure of constituents, precludes the use of many standardized tests designed to determine biodegradation in the environment (e.g., Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD] 309). A weight of evidence approach may be needed to reduce uncertainty to an acceptable level such that a determination on the biodegradation of the substance can be drawn. Based on the OECD 2019 weight of evidence guidance, we present a framework using various lines of evidence that can be used to evaluate the biodegradation of a UVCB solvent in a weight of evidence approach. The lines of evidence include whole substance testing, data on representative constituents, quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) models, and biological plausibility. Using these lines of evidence, "Hydrocarbon, C11-C14, normal alkane, isoalkane, cyclic, <2% aromatics" (EC# 926-141-6) was evaluated in a case study. Data from three whole substance tests, 43 constituents (representing 152 data points), three QSAR models and evidence of microbial degradation pathways were evaluated. Based on the available data, it is concluded that the solvent for the case study is not expected to persist in the environment. This framework sets out a real-world example of how the weight of evidence can be used to evaluate hydrocarbon solvents. While focused on persistence, similar approaches can be used to evaluate other endpoints such as bioaccumulation and toxicity. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;00:1-11. © 2023 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Craig W Davis
- ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences Inc., Annandale, New Jersey, USA
| | - Gail E Bragin
- ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences Inc., Annandale, New Jersey, USA
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6
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Birch H, Hammershøj R, Møller MT, Mayer P. Technical guidance on biodegradation testing of difficult substances and mixtures in surface water. MethodsX 2023; 10:102138. [PMID: 37007616 PMCID: PMC10050768 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2023.102138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this article is to address critical challenges in the OECD 309 "Aerobic mineralization in surface water - simulation biodegradation test" for volatile chemicals, highly hydrophobic chemicals, mixtures or UVCBs (unknown or variable composition, complex reaction products or biological materials). Several modifications are presented to address technical challenges (minimize and account for losses), make testing more environmentally relevant (lower concentrations) and generate data for multiple substances (more and better aligned data):•Minimizing and accounting for test substance losses: Aqueous solutions are handled using gas tight syringes, tests are conducted in gas tight vials, and automated analysis is performed directly on unopened test vials. Abiotic losses are accounted for via concentration ratios between test systems and abiotic controls that are incubated and measured in parallel.•Testing at low environmentally relevant concentrations: Substances are tested at low concentrations to avoid toxicity and solubility artefacts and analyzed using a sensitive analytical method. Substances are added without co-solvent (using passive dosing) or with a minimum of co-solvent (using microvolume spiking).•Testing of multiple chemicals in mixtures combined with constituent specific analysis: Primary biodegradation kinetics of chemicals are determined in tests of multi-constituent mixtures or UVCBs using constituent specific analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Birch
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
- Corresponding author.
| | - Rikke Hammershøj
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Environmental Engineering, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mette Torsbjerg Møller
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Philipp Mayer
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
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7
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Davenport R, Curtis‐Jackson P, Dalkmann P, Davies J, Fenner K, Hand L, McDonough K, Ott A, Ortega‐Calvo JJ, Parsons JR, Schäffer A, Sweetlove C, Trapp S, Wang N, Redman A. Scientific concepts and methods for moving persistence assessments into the 21st century. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2022; 18:1454-1487. [PMID: 34989108 PMCID: PMC9790601 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The evaluation of a chemical substance's persistence is key to understanding its environmental fate, exposure concentration, and, ultimately, environmental risk. Traditional biodegradation test methods were developed many years ago for soluble, nonvolatile, single-constituent test substances, which do not represent the wide range of manufactured chemical substances. In addition, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) screening and simulation test methods do not fully reflect the environmental conditions into which substances are released and, therefore, estimates of chemical degradation half-lives can be very uncertain and may misrepresent real environmental processes. In this paper, we address the challenges and limitations facing current test methods and the scientific advances that are helping to both understand and provide solutions to them. Some of these advancements include the following: (1) robust methods that provide a deeper understanding of microbial composition, diversity, and abundance to ensure consistency and/or interpret variability between tests; (2) benchmarking tools and reference substances that aid in persistence evaluations through comparison against substances with well-quantified degradation profiles; (3) analytical methods that allow quantification for parent and metabolites at environmentally relevant concentrations, and inform on test substance bioavailability, biochemical pathways, rates of primary versus overall degradation, and rates of metabolite formation and decay; (4) modeling tools that predict the likelihood of microbial biotransformation, as well as biochemical pathways; and (5) modeling approaches that allow for derivation of more generally applicable biotransformation rate constants, by accounting for physical and/or chemical processes and test system design when evaluating test data. We also identify that, while such advancements could improve the certainty and accuracy of persistence assessments, the mechanisms and processes by which they are translated into regulatory practice and development of new OECD test guidelines need improving and accelerating. Where uncertainty remains, holistic weight of evidence approaches may be required to accurately assess the persistence of chemicals. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:1454-1487. © 2022 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Philipp Dalkmann
- Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Environmental SafetyMonheimGermany
| | | | - Kathrin Fenner
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and TechnologyDübendorfSwitzerland
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Laurence Hand
- Syngenta, Product Safety, Jealott's Hill International Research CentreBracknellUK
| | | | - Amelie Ott
- School of EngineeringNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
- European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals (ECETOC)BrusselsBelgium
| | - Jose Julio Ortega‐Calvo
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de SevillaConsejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasSevillaSpain
| | - John R. Parsons
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem DynamicsUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Andreas Schäffer
- RWTH Aachen University, Institute for Environmental ResearchAachenGermany
| | - Cyril Sweetlove
- L'Oréal Research & InnovationEnvironmental Research DepartmentAulnay‐sous‐BoisFrance
| | - Stefan Trapp
- Department of Environmental EngineeringTechnical University of DenmarkBygningstorvetLyngbyDenmark
| | - Neil Wang
- Total Marketing & ServicesParis la DéfenseFrance
| | - Aaron Redman
- ExxonMobil Petroleum and ChemicalMachelenBelgium
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8
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Lai A, Clark AM, Escher BI, Fernandez M, McEwen LR, Tian Z, Wang Z, Schymanski EL. The Next Frontier of Environmental Unknowns: Substances of Unknown or Variable Composition, Complex Reaction Products, or Biological Materials (UVCBs). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:7448-7466. [PMID: 35533312 PMCID: PMC9228065 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Substances of unknown or variable composition, complex reaction products, or biological materials (UVCBs) are over 70 000 "complex" chemical mixtures produced and used at significant levels worldwide. Due to their unknown or variable composition, applying chemical assessments originally developed for individual compounds to UVCBs is challenging, which impedes sound management of these substances. Across the analytical sciences, toxicology, cheminformatics, and regulatory practice, new approaches addressing specific aspects of UVCB assessment are being developed, albeit in a fragmented manner. This review attempts to convey the "big picture" of the state of the art in dealing with UVCBs by holistically examining UVCB characterization and chemical identity representation, as well as hazard, exposure, and risk assessment. Overall, information gaps on chemical identities underpin the fundamental challenges concerning UVCBs, and better reporting and substance characterization efforts are needed to support subsequent chemical assessments. To this end, an information level scheme for improved UVCB data collection and management within databases is proposed. The development of UVCB testing shows early progress, in line with three main methods: whole substance, known constituents, and fraction profiling. For toxicity assessment, one option is a whole-mixture testing approach. If the identities of (many) constituents are known, grouping, read across, and mixture toxicity modeling represent complementary approaches to overcome data gaps in toxicity assessment. This review highlights continued needs for concerted efforts from all stakeholders to ensure proper assessment and sound management of UVCBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelene Lai
- Luxembourg
Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University
of Luxembourg, 6 avenue du Swing, 4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
- Institute
for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller University, Lessing Strasse 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Alex M. Clark
- Collaborative
Drug Discovery Inc., 1633 Bayshore Highway, Suite 342, Burlingame, California 94010, United States
| | - Beate I. Escher
- Helmholtz
Centre for Environmental Research GmbH—UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Environmental
Toxicology, Center for Applied Geosciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marc Fernandez
- Environment
and Climate Change Canada, 401 Burrard Street, Vancouver, British Columbia V6C 3R2, Canada
| | - Leah R. McEwen
- Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
- International
Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Zhenyu Tian
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Marine and Environmental
Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Zhanyun Wang
- Empa—Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Technology
and Society Laboratory, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Chair
of Ecological Systems Design, Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Emma L. Schymanski
- Luxembourg
Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University
of Luxembourg, 6 avenue du Swing, 4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
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Davis CW, Camenzuli L, Redman AD. Predicting Primary Biodegradation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Aquatic Systems: Integrating System and Molecular Structure Parameters using a Novel Machine-Learning Framework. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:1359-1369. [PMID: 35262215 PMCID: PMC9320815 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) models for predicting primary biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons have been previously developed. These models use experimental data generated under widely varied conditions, the effects of which are not captured adequately within model formalisms. As a result, they exhibit variable predictive performance and are unable to incorporate the role of study design and test conditions on the assessment of environmental persistence. To address these limitations, a novel machine-learning System-Integrated Model (HC-BioSIM) is presented, which integrates chemical structure and test system variability, leading to improved prediction of primary disappearance time (DT50) values for petroleum hydrocarbons in fresh and marine water. An expanded, highly curated database of 728 experimental DT50 values (181 unique hydrocarbon structures compiled from 13 primary sources) was used to develop and validate a supervised model tree machine-learning model. Using relatively few parameters (6 system and 25 structural parameters), the model demonstrated significant improvement in predictive performance (root mean square error = 0.26, R2 = 0.67) over existing QSPR models. The model also demonstrated improved accuracy of persistence (P) categorization (i.e., "Not P/P/vP"), with an accuracy of 96.8%, and false-positive and -negative categorization rates of 0.4% and 2.7%, respectively. This significant improvement in DT50 prediction, and subsequent persistence categorization, validates the need for models that integrate experimental design and environmental system parameters into biodegradation and persistence assessment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1359-1369. © 2022 ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences, Inc. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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10
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Redman AD, Bietz J, Davis JW, Lyon D, Maloney E, Ott A, Otte JC, Palais F, Parsons JR, Wang N. Moving persistence assessments into the 21st century: A role for weight-of-evidence and overall persistence. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2022; 18:868-887. [PMID: 34730270 PMCID: PMC9299815 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Assessing the persistence of chemicals in the environment is a key element in existing regulatory frameworks to protect human health and ecosystems. Persistence in the environment depends on many fate processes, including abiotic and biotic transformations and physical partitioning, which depend on substances' physicochemical properties and environmental conditions. A main challenge in persistence assessment is that existing frameworks rely on simplistic and reductionist evaluation schemes that may lead substances to be falsely assessed as persistent or the other way around-to be falsely assessed as nonpersistent. Those evaluation schemes typically assess persistence against degradation half-lives determined in single-compartment simulation tests or against degradation levels measured in stringent screening tests. Most of the available test methods, however, do not apply to all types of substances, especially substances that are poorly soluble, complex in composition, highly sorptive, or volatile. In addition, the currently applied half-life criteria are derived mainly from a few legacy persistent organic pollutants, which do not represent the large diversity of substances entering the environment. Persistence assessment would undoubtedly benefit from the development of more flexible and holistic evaluation schemes including new concepts and methods. A weight-of-evidence (WoE) approach incorporating multiple influencing factors is needed to account for chemical fate and transformation in the whole environment so as to assess overall persistence. The present paper's aim is to begin to develop an integrated assessment framework that combines multimedia approaches to organize and interpret data using a clear WoE approach to allow for a more consistent, transparent, and thorough assessment of persistence. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:868-887. © 2021 ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences, Inc. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jens Bietz
- Clariant Produkte (Deutschland) GmbHSulzbachGermany
| | - John W. Davis
- Dow, Inc.MidlandMichiganUSA
- John Davis Consulting, LLCMidlandMichiganUSA
| | | | | | - Amelie Ott
- Newcastle University, School of EngineeringNewcastle upon TyneUK
- European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals (ECETOC)BrusselsBelgium
| | | | - Frédéric Palais
- SOLVAY, HSE PRA‐PS, RICL—Antenne de GenasSaint‐FonsCedexFrance
| | - John R. Parsons
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem DynamicsUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Neil Wang
- TotalEnergies Marketing & ServicesParis la DéfenseFrance
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11
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Yan Y, Zhao B, Yang J, Zhang J, Li S, Xia Y. Enhancing recovery performance of the toluene-removing biofilter after the short/long interference-shutdown period. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 346:126592. [PMID: 34968643 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the feasibility of three methods on enhancing the recovery performance of biofilter after the interference and starvation periods was evaluated. Results show that despite the pressure drop risk, supplementation of 7.5% (w/v) Polyethylene glycol-600 (PEG-600) resulted in quick recovery on removal efficiency in both short- and long-term interference shutdown experiments. Tinidazole Tablets (2 mg/L), a Bacteroidetes-specific antibiotic, are more suitable to apply as a one-time shot to improve recovery of biofilter as the second dose of Tinidazole Tablets was no longer effective presumably caused by the increased drug resistance. It is worth noting that the maximum elimination capacity of 134 g/(m3·h) was observed with Pseudomonas putida (P. putida) BRJC1032 addition. The biodegradation kinetic, biological characteristics and microbial community evolution in biofilters were systematically analyzed for finding the suitable methods to enhance recovery performance, which is of great value for the further industrial application of the biofilter technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Yan
- School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Bixi Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Jiao Yang
- Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, PR China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Shunyi Li
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, PR China
| | - Yu Xia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
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12
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Sjøholm KK, Dechesne A, Lyon D, Saunders DMV, Birch H, Mayer P. Linking biodegradation kinetics, microbial composition and test temperature - Testing 40 petroleum hydrocarbons using inocula collected in winter and summer. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2022; 24:152-160. [PMID: 34985480 DOI: 10.1039/d1em00319d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Many factors affect the biodegradation kinetics of chemicals in test systems and the environment. Empirical knowledge is needed on how much test temperature, inoculum, test substances and co-substrates influence the biodegradation kinetics and microbial composition in the test. Water was sampled from the Gudenaa river in winter (2.7 °C) and summer (17 °C) (microbial inoculum) and combined with an aqueous stock solution of >40 petroleum hydrocarbons prepared by passive dosing. This resulted in low-concentration test systems that were incubated for 30 days at 2.7, 12 and 20 °C. Primary biodegradation kinetics, based on substrate depletion relative to abiotic controls, were determined with automated Solid Phase Microextraction coupled to GC/MS. Biodegradation kinetics were remarkably similar for summer and winter inocula when tested at the same temperature, except when cooling summer inoculum to 2.7 °C which delayed degradation relative to winter inoculum. Amplicon sequencing was applied to determine shifts in the microbial composition between season and during incubations: (1) the microbial composition of summer and winter inocula were remarkably similar, (2) the incubation and the incubation temperature had both a clear impact on the microbial composition and (3) the effect of adding >40 petroleum hydrocarbons at low test concentrations was limited but resulted in some proliferation of the known petroleum hydrocarbon degraders Nevskia and Sulfuritalea. Overall, biodegradation kinetics and its temperature dependency were very similar for winter and summer inoculum, whereas the microbial composition was more affected by incubation and test temperature compared to the addition of test chemicals at low concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Knudsmark Sjøholm
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Arnaud Dechesne
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - David M V Saunders
- Concawe, B-1160 Brussels, Belgium
- Shell Health, Shell International B.V., 2596 HR The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Heidi Birch
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Philipp Mayer
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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13
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Birch H, Sjøholm KK, Dechesne A, Sparham C, van Egmond R, Mayer P. Biodegradation Kinetics of Fragrances, Plasticizers, UV Filters, and PAHs in a Mixture─Changing Test Concentrations over 5 Orders of Magnitude. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:293-301. [PMID: 34936331 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c05583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradation of organic chemicals emitted to the environment is carried out by mixed microbial communities growing on multiple natural and xenobiotic substrates at low concentrations. This study aims to (1) perform simulation type biodegradation tests at a wide range of mixture concentrations, (2) determine the concentration effect on the biodegradation kinetics of individual chemicals, and (3) link the mixture concentration and degradation to microbial community dynamics. Two hundred ninety-four parallel test systems were prepared using wastewater treatment plant effluent as inoculum and passive dosing to add a mixture of 19 chemicals at 6 initial concentration levels (ng/L to mg/L). After 1-30 days of incubation at 12 °C, abiotic and biotic test systems were analyzed using arrow solid phase microextraction and GC-MS/MS. Biodegradation kinetics at the highest test concentrations were delayed for several test substances but enhanced for the reference chemical naphthalene. Test concentration thus shifted the order in which chemicals were degraded. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing indicated that the highest test concentration (17 mg C/L added) supported the growth of the genera Acidovorax, Novosphingobium, and Hydrogenophaga, whereas no such effect was observed at lower concentrations. The chemical and microbial results confirm that too high mixture concentrations should be avoided when aiming at determining environmentally relevant biodegradation data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Birch
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Karina Knudsmark Sjøholm
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Arnaud Dechesne
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Chris Sparham
- Safety & Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever, Bedford MK44 1LQ, U.K
| | - Roger van Egmond
- Safety & Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever, Bedford MK44 1LQ, U.K
| | - Philipp Mayer
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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14
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French-McCay DP, Robinson HJ, Spaulding ML, Li Z, Horn M, Gloekler MD, Kim YH, Crowley D, Mendelsohn D. Validation of oil fate and mass balance for the Deepwater Horizon oil spill: Evaluation of water column partitioning. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 173:113064. [PMID: 34695690 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Model predictions of oil transport and fate for the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill (Gulf of Mexico) were compared to field observations and absolute and relative concentrations of oil compounds in samples from 900 to 1400 m depth <11 km from the well. Chemical partitioning analyses using quantitative indices support a bimodal droplet size distribution model for oil released during subsea dispersant applications in June with 74% of the mass in >1 mm droplets that surfaced near the spill site within a few hours, and 1-8% as <0.13 mm microdroplets that remained below 900 m. Analyses focused on 900-1400 m depth <11 km from the well indicate there was substantial biodegradation of dissolved components, some biodegradation in microdroplets, recirculation of weathered microdroplets into the wellhead area, and marine oil snow settling from above 900 m carrying more-weathered particulate oil into the deep plume.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Malcolm L Spaulding
- Department of Ocean Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - Zhengkai Li
- Center for Drinking Water Quality, Rhode Island Department of Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | | | - Yong Hoon Kim
- Department of Earth and Space Sciences, West Chester University of Pennsylvania, West Chester, PA, USA
| | - Deborah Crowley
- Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI, USA
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15
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Seller C, Özel Duygan BD, Honti M, Fenner K. Biotransformation of Chemicals at the Water–Sediment Interface─Toward a Robust Simulation Study Setup. ACS ENVIRONMENTAL AU 2021; 1:46-57. [PMID: 37101935 PMCID: PMC10114792 DOI: 10.1021/acsenvironau.1c00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Studying aquatic biotransformation of chemicals in laboratory experiments, i.e., OECD 308 and OECD 309 studies, is required by international regulatory frameworks to prevent the release of persistent chemicals into natural water bodies. Here, we aimed to address several previously described shortcomings of OECD 308/309 studies regarding their variable outcomes and questionable environmental relevance by broadly testing and characterizing a modified biotransformation test system in which an aerated water column covers a thin sediment layer. Compared to standard OECD 308/309 studies, the modified system showed little inter-replicate variability, improved observability of biotransformation, and consistency with first-order biotransformation kinetics for the majority of 43 test compounds, including pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and artificial sweeteners. To elucidate the factors underlying the decreased inter-replicate variability compared to OECD 309 outcomes, we used multidimensional flow cytometry data and a machine learning-based cell type assignment pipeline to study cell densities and cell type diversities in the sediment and water compartments. Our here presented data on cell type composition in both water and sediment allows, for the first time, to study the behavior of microbial test communities throughout different biotransformation simulation studies. We found that sediment-associated microbial communities were generally more stable throughout the experiments and exhibited higher cell type diversity than the water column-associated communities. Consistently, our data indicate that aquatic biotransformation of chemicals can be most robustly studied in test systems providing a sufficient amount of sediment-borne biomass. While these findings favor OECD 308-type systems over OECD 309-type systems to study biotransformation at the water-sediment interface, our results suggest that the former should be modified toward lower sediment-water ratios to improve observability and interpretability of biotransformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Seller
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Birge D. Özel Duygan
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Microbiology, CHUV, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mark Honti
- MTA-BME Water Research Group, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kathrin Fenner
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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16
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Whale G, Parsons J, van Ginkel K, Davenport R, Vaiopoulou E, Fenner K, Schaeffer A. Improving our understanding of the environmental persistence of chemicals. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2021; 17:1123-1135. [PMID: 33913596 PMCID: PMC8596663 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Significant progress has been made in the scientific understanding of factors that influence the outcome of biodegradation tests used to assess the persistence (P) of chemicals. This needs to be evaluated to assess whether recently acquired knowledge could enhance existing regulations and environmental risk assessments. Biodegradation tests have limitations, which are accentuated for "difficult-to-test" substances, and failure to recognize these can potentially lead to inappropriate conclusions regarding a chemical's environmental persistence. Many of these limitations have been previously recognized and discussed in a series of ECETOC reports and workshops. These were subsequently used to develop a series of research projects designed to address key issues and, where possible, propose methods to mitigate the limitations of current assessments. Here, we report on the output of a Cefic LRI-Concawe Workshop held in Helsinki on September 27, 2018. The objectives of this workshop were to disseminate key findings from recent projects and assess how new scientific knowledge can potentially support and improve assessments under existing regulatory frameworks. The workshop provided a unique opportunity to initiate a process to reexamine the fundamentals of degradation and what current assessment methods can achieve by (1) providing an overview of the key elements and messages coming from recent research initiatives and (2) stimulating discussion regarding how these interrelate and how new findings can be developed to improve persistence assessments. Opportunities to try and improve understanding of factors affecting biodegradation assessments and better understanding of the persistence of chemicals (particularly UVCBs [substances of unknown or variable composition, complex reaction products, or biological materials]) were identified, and the workshop acted as a catalyst for further multistakeholder activities and engagements to take the persistence assessment of chemicals into the 21st century. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:1123-1135. © 2021 European Petroleum Refiners Association - Concawe Division. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John Parsons
- Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem DynamicsUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Kathrin Fenner
- Chemistry DepartmentUniversity of ZürichZürichSwitzerland
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17
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Ascomycetes versus Spent Mushroom Substrate in Mycoremediation of Dredged Sediments Contaminated by Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons: The Involvement of the Bacterial Metabolism. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13213040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Two mycoremediation approaches for the depletion of the total petroleum hydrocarbons in dredged sediments were compared: co-composting with spent mushroom substrate (SMS) from Pleurotus ostreatus and bioaugmentation with Lambertella sp. MUT 5852, an ascomycetes autochthonous to the sediment, capable of utilizing diesel oil its sole carbon source. After 28 days of incubation, 99% depletion was observed in presence of Lambertella sp. MUT 5852. No total petroleum hydrocarbon depletion was observed in sediment co-composting with the SMS after 60 days of incubation. 16S rDNA metabarcoding of the bacterial community was performed to evaluate the potential synergism between fungi and bacteria in the bioremediation process. The functional metagenomic prediction approach indicated that the biodiversity of the bacterial genera potentially involved in the degradation of TPH was higher in sediment bioaugmented with Lambertella sp. MUT 5852, which resulted in being mandatory for TPH depletion. Mechanisms of co-substrate inhibition of the hydrocarburoclastic bacterial species, due to the bioavailable organic matter of the SMS, are suggested to be involved in the observed kinetics of TPH depletion, failing in the case of SMS and successful in the case of Lambertella sp. MUT 5852.
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18
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Abstract
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are a relatively new type of solvent that have attracted the attention of the scientific community due to their environmentally friendly properties and their versatility in many applications. Many possible DESs have been described and, thus, it is not easy to unequivocally characterize and generalize their properties. This is especially important in the case of the (eco)toxicity information that can be found for these mixtures. In this review, we collect data on the human and environmental toxicity of DESs, with the aim of gathering and exploring the behavioral patterns of DESs. The toxicity data found were analyzed attending to different factors: hydrogen bond donors or acceptors that form part of the eutectic mixture, pH, and the presence of organic acids in the DES molar ratio of the components, or interactions with natural compounds. In the case of ecotoxicity, results generally depend on the biomodel studied, along with other factors that have been also revised. Finally, we also carried out a revision of the biodegradation of DESs.
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19
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Møller MT, Birch H, Sjøholm KK, Hammershøj R, Jenner K, Mayer P. Biodegradation of an essential oil UVCB - Whole substance testing and constituent specific analytics yield biodegradation kinetics of mixture constituents. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 278:130409. [PMID: 34126677 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Testing and assessing the persistency, bioaccumulative and toxic properties of UVCBs (substances of Unknown or Variable composition, Complex reaction products or Biological materials) pose major technical and analytical challenges. The main aim of this study was to combine whole substance biodegradation testing with constituent specific analytics for determining primary biodegradation kinetics of the main UVCB constituents. An additional aim was to link the primary biodegradation kinetics of the main constituents to the bioaccumulation potential and baseline toxicity potential of the UVCB. Two closed biodegradation experiments were conducted using similar test systems but different analyses. The model substance, cedarwood Virginia oil, was tested at a low concentration and wastewater treatment plant effluent served as inoculum. We used microvolume solvent spiking for a quantitative mass transfer of the UVCB, while avoiding that co-solvent degradation would lead to anaerobic conditions. The biodegradation of UVCB constituents was determined with automated solid-phase microextraction coupled to GC-MS/MS using targeted analysis for main constituents and non-targeted analysis for minor constituents and non-polar degradation products. Primary biodegradation kinetics of main constituents, accounting for 73% w/w of the mixture, were successfully determined with degradation rate constants ranging from 0.09 to 0.25 d-1. Minor constituents were also degraded and non-polar degradation products were not observed. Finally, the bioaccumulation potential and baseline toxicity potential of the mixture at test start were calculated and both parameters decreased then substantially. The strength of the new approach is the possibility of biodegradation testing of a whole UVCB at low concentration while generating constituent specific biodegradation kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Torsbjerg Møller
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Environmental Engineering, Building 115, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Heidi Birch
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Environmental Engineering, Building 115, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Karina Knudsmark Sjøholm
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Environmental Engineering, Building 115, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Rikke Hammershøj
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Environmental Engineering, Building 115, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Philipp Mayer
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Environmental Engineering, Building 115, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark.
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20
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Knudsmark Sjøholm K, Birch H, Hammershøj R, Saunders DMV, Dechesne A, Loibner AP, Mayer P. Determining the Temperature Dependency of Biodegradation Kinetics for 34 Hydrocarbons while Avoiding Chemical and Microbial Confounding Factors. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:11091-11101. [PMID: 34355887 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c02773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradation kinetics data are keystone for evaluating the environmental persistence and risk of chemicals. Biodegradation kinetics depend highly on the prevailing temperature, which influences microbial community structures, metabolic rates, and chemical availability. There is a lack of high-quality comparative biodegradation kinetics data that are determined at different test temperatures but with the same microbial inoculum and chemical availability. The present study was designed to determine the effect of test temperature on the biodegradation kinetics of hydrocarbons while avoiding confounding factors. We used inocula from a Northern river (2.7 °C) and a Central European river (12.5 °C). Aqueous stock solutions containing 45 individual hydrocarbons were generated by passive dosing and added to river water containing the native microorganisms. Compound-specific biodegradation kinetics were then determined at 2.7, 12, and 20 °C based on substrate depletion. Main findings comprise the following: (1) Degradation half-times (DegT50) of 34 test chemicals were determined at different test temperatures and were largely consistent with the Arrhenius equation (activation energy, 65.4 kJ/mol). (2) Differences in biodegradation kinetics between tested isomers were rather limited. (3) The recent lowering of standard test temperature from 20 to 12 °C results typically in a doubling of DegT50 values and can lead to a stricter persistency assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Knudsmark Sjøholm
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Heidi Birch
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Rikke Hammershøj
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - David M V Saunders
- Shell Health, Shell International B.V., 2596 HR The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Arnaud Dechesne
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Andreas P Loibner
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, BOKU - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, A-3430 Tulln, Austria
| | - Philipp Mayer
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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21
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Droz B, Drouin G, Maurer L, Villette C, Payraudeau S, Imfeld G. Phase Transfer and Biodegradation of Pesticides in Water-Sediment Systems Explored by Compound-Specific Isotope Analysis and Conceptual Modeling. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:4720-4728. [PMID: 33761249 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Current approaches are often limited to evaluating the contribution of pesticide dissipation processes in water-sediment systems as both degradation and phase transfer, that is, sorption-desorption, contribute to the apparent decrease of pesticide concentration. Here, the dissipation of widely used herbicides acetochlor and S-metolachlor was examined in laboratory by water-sediment microcosm experiments under oxic and anoxic conditions. Compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) emphasized insignificant carbon isotope fractionation in the sediment, indicating prevailing pesticide degradation in the water phase. Conceptual modeling accounting for phase transfer and biodegradation indicated that biodegradation may be underestimated when phase transfer is not included. Phase transfer does not affect carbon isotope fractionation for a wide spectrum of molecules and environmental conditions, underscoring the potential of pesticide CSIA as a robust approach to evaluate degradation in water-sediment systems. CSIA coupled with the identification of transformation products by high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry suggests the degradation of acetochlor and S-metolachlor to occur via nucleophilic substitution and the predominance of oxalinic acids as transformation products under both anoxic and oxic conditions. Altogether, combining the pesticide CSIA, the identification of transformation products, and the use of conceptual phase-transfer models improves the interpretation of pesticide dissipation in water-sediment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Droz
- Institut Terre et Environnement de Strasbourg (ITES), Université de Strasbourg/EOST/ENGEES, CNRS UMR 7063, 5 rue Descartes, F-67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Guillaume Drouin
- Institut Terre et Environnement de Strasbourg (ITES), Université de Strasbourg/EOST/ENGEES, CNRS UMR 7063, 5 rue Descartes, F-67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Loïc Maurer
- Plant Imaging and Mass Spectrometry (PIMS), Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, 67084 Strasbourg, France
- Département Mécanique, ICube Laboratoire des Sciences de l'ingénieur, de l'informatique et de l'imagerie, Université de Strasbourg/ENGEES, INSA, CNRS, 2 rue Boussingault, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Claire Villette
- Plant Imaging and Mass Spectrometry (PIMS), Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sylvain Payraudeau
- Institut Terre et Environnement de Strasbourg (ITES), Université de Strasbourg/EOST/ENGEES, CNRS UMR 7063, 5 rue Descartes, F-67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Gwenaël Imfeld
- Institut Terre et Environnement de Strasbourg (ITES), Université de Strasbourg/EOST/ENGEES, CNRS UMR 7063, 5 rue Descartes, F-67084 Strasbourg, France
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22
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Solhtalab M, Klein AR, Aristilde L. Hierarchical Reactivity of Enzyme-Mediated Phosphorus Recycling from Organic Mixtures by Aspergillus niger Phytase. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:2295-2305. [PMID: 33305954 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Biological recycling of inorganic phosphorus (Pi) from organic phosphorus (Po) compounds by phosphatase-type enzymes, including phytases, is an important contributor to the pool of bioavailable P to plants and microorganisms. However, studies of mixed-substrate reactions with these enzymes are lacking. Here, we explore the reactivity of a phytase extract from the fungus Aspergillus niger toward a heterogeneous mixture containing, in addition to phytate, different structures of environmentally relevant Po compounds such as ribonucleotides and sugar phosphates. Using a high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method to monitor simultaneously the parent Po compounds and their by-products, we captured sequential substrate-specific evolution of Pi from the mixture, with faster hydrolysis of multiphosphorylated compounds (phytate, diphosphorylated sugars, and di- and tri-phosphorylated ribonucleotides) than hydrolysis of monophosphorylated compounds (monophosphorylated sugars and monophosphorylated ribonucleotides). The interaction mechanisms and energies revealed by molecular docking simulations of each Po compound within the enzyme's active site explained the substrate hierarchy observed experimentally. Specifically, the favorable orientation for binding of the negatively charged phosphate moieties with respect to the positive potential surface of the active site was important. Collectively, our findings provide mechanistic insights about the broad but hierarchical role of phytase-type enzymes in Pi recycling from the heterogeneous assembly of Po compounds in agricultural soils or wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Solhtalab
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Annaleise R Klein
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Ludmilla Aristilde
- Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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23
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Qiu M, Hu A, Huang YMM, Zhao Y, He Y, Xu J, Lu Z. Elucidating degradation mechanisms of florfenicol in soil by stable-isotope assisted nontarget screening. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:123974. [PMID: 33265015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics in soil environments are a growing concern. Identifying transformation products is key to elucidating degradation pathways and mechanisms of antibiotics and other organic micropollutants. The primary challenge of transformation product identification is the interference of matrices. In this study, stable-isotope assisted nontarget screening was used to identify biodegradation products of florfenicol in soil. A total of 74 candidates were prioritized from thousands of mass features observed by a tiered peak filtering approach. Moreover, with the support of in silico prediction tools, the structures of 12 transformation products were elucidated, and 9 of them were reported for the first time. A biodegradation map of florfenicol consisting of amide hydrolysis, dechlorination, dehydration, defluorination, and sulfone reduction was established based on these identified products. A total of 8 products were also found in 6 field soil samples with manure application. Because of the structural similarity to florfenicol, some transformation products might still keep antimicrobial activity toward a variety of bacterial species. The strategies demonstrated in this study provide a basis for efficient identification of transformation products of other organic micropollutants in a variety of environmental matrices. The results also shed light on the degradation mechanisms, risk assessments, and regulations of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Qiu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Ailun Hu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yu-Ming M Huang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, United States
| | - Yun Zhao
- Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Yan He
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jianming Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Zhijiang Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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24
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Coll C, Bier R, Li Z, Langenheder S, Gorokhova E, Sobek A. Association between Aquatic Micropollutant Dissipation and River Sediment Bacterial Communities. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:14380-14392. [PMID: 33104348 PMCID: PMC7676288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c04393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Assessment of micropollutant biodegradation is essential to determine the persistence of potentially hazardous chemicals in aquatic ecosystems. We studied the dissipation half-lives of 10 micropollutants in sediment-water incubations (based on the OECD 308 standard) with sediment from two European rivers sampled upstream and downstream of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) discharge. Dissipation half-lives (DT50s) were highly variable between the tested compounds, ranging from 1.5 to 772 days. Sediment from one river sampled downstream from the WWTP showed the fastest dissipation of all micropollutants after sediment RNA normalization. By characterizing sediment bacteria using 16S rRNA sequences, bacterial community composition of a sediment was associated with its capacity for dissipating micropollutants. Bacterial amplicon sequence variants of the genera Ralstonia, Pseudomonas, Hyphomicrobium, and Novosphingobium, which are known degraders of contaminants, were significantly more abundant in the sediment incubations where fast dissipation was observed. Our study illuminates the limitations of the OECD 308 standard to account for variation of dissipation rates of micropollutants due to differences in bacterial community composition. This limitation is problematic particularly for those compounds with DT50s close to regulatory persistence criteria. Thus, it is essential to consider bacterial community composition as a source of variability in regulatory biodegradation and persistence assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Coll
- Department
of Environmental Science (ACES), Stockholm
University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic
Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Raven Bier
- Department
of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala
University, Norbyvägen 18D, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
- Stroud Water Research Center, AvondalePennsylvania, 19311, United States
| | - Zhe Li
- Department
of Environmental Science (ACES), Stockholm
University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Silke Langenheder
- Department
of Ecology and Genetics/Limnology, Uppsala
University, Norbyvägen 18D, 752 36 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elena Gorokhova
- Department
of Environmental Science (ACES), Stockholm
University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Sobek
- Department
of Environmental Science (ACES), Stockholm
University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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25
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Salvito D, Fernandez M, Jenner K, Lyon DY, de Knecht J, Mayer P, MacLeod M, Eisenreich K, Leonards P, Cesnaitis R, León‐Paumen M, Embry M, Déglin SE. Improving the Environmental Risk Assessment of Substances of Unknown or Variable Composition, Complex Reaction Products, or Biological Materials. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2020; 39:2097-2108. [PMID: 32780492 PMCID: PMC7693076 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Substances of unknown or variable composition, complex reaction products, or biological materials (UVCBs) pose unique risk assessment challenges to regulators and to product registrants. These substances can contain many constituents, sometimes partially unknown and/or variable, depending on fluctuations in their source material and/or manufacturing process. International regulatory agencies have highlighted the difficulties in characterizing UVCBs and assessing their toxicity and environmental fate. Several industrial sectors have attempted to address these issues by developing frameworks and characterization methods. Based on the output of a 2016 workshop, this critical review examines current practices for UVCB risk assessment and reveals a need for a multipronged and transparent approach integrating whole-substance and constituent-based information. In silico tools or empirical measurements can provide information on discrete and/or blocks of UVCB constituents with similar hazard properties. Read-across and/or whole-substance toxicity and fate testing using adapted emerging methods can provide whole-substance information. Continued collaboration of stakeholders representing government, industry, and academia will facilitate the development of practical testing strategies and guidelines for addressing regulatory requirements for UVCBs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:2097-2108. © 2020 Health and Environmental Sciences Institute. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Salvito
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Woodcliff LakeNew JerseyUSA
| | - Marc Fernandez
- Environment and Climate Change CanadaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | | | | | - Joop de Knecht
- Netherlands National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, BilthovenThe Netherlands
| | - Philipp Mayer
- Technical University of Denmark, Kongens LyngbyDenmark
| | | | - Karen Eisenreich
- Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics, US Environmental Protection AgencyWashingtonDC
| | - Pim Leonards
- Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | | | | | - Michelle Embry
- Health and Environmental Sciences InstituteWashingtonDCUSA
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26
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Hammershøj R, Sjøholm KK, Birch H, Brandt KK, Mayer P. Biodegradation kinetics testing of two hydrophobic UVCBs - potential for substrate toxicity supports testing at low concentrations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2020; 22:2172-2180. [PMID: 33000828 DOI: 10.1039/d0em00288g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The biodegradation kinetics of UVCB substances (unknown or variable composition, complex reaction products or biological materials) should be determined below the solubility limit to avoid experimental artefacts by the non-dissolved mixture. Recently, we reported delayed biodegradation kinetics of single petroleum hydrocarbons even at concentrations just below the solubility limit and attributed this to toxicity. The present study aimed to determine the concentration effect on biodegradation kinetics for constituents in two UVCBs, using surface water from a rural stream as the inoculum. Parallel biodegradation tests of diesel and lavender oil were conducted at concentrations just below the solubility limit and two orders of magnitude lower. The biodegradation kinetics of diesel oil constituents were generally similar at the two concentrations, which coincided with the stimulation of bacterial productivity (growth) at both concentrations, determined by [3H]leucine incorporation. By contrast, the biodegradation of lavender oil constituents was significantly delayed or even halted at the high test concentration. This was consistent with lavender oil stimulating bacterial growth at low concentration but inhibiting it at high concentration. The delayed biodegradation kinetics of lavender oil constituents at high concentration was best explained by mixture toxicity near the solubility limit. Consequently, biodegradation testing of hydrophobic UVCBs should be conducted at low, environmentally relevant concentrations ensuring that mixture toxicity does not affect the biodegradation kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke Hammershøj
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Environmental Engineering, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Karina K Sjøholm
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Environmental Engineering, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Heidi Birch
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Environmental Engineering, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Kristian K Brandt
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Philipp Mayer
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Environmental Engineering, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
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27
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Hammershøj R, Birch H, Sjøholm KK, Mayer P. Accelerated Passive Dosing of Hydrophobic Complex Mixtures-Controlling the Level and Composition in Aquatic Tests. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:4974-4983. [PMID: 32142613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b06062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Petroleum products and essential oils are complex mixtures of hydrophobic and volatile chemicals and are categorized as substances of unknown or variable composition, complex reaction products, or biological materials (UVCBs). In aquatic testing and research of such mixtures, it is challenging to establish initial concentrations without the addition of cosolvents, to maintain constant concentrations during the test, and to keep a constant mixture composition in dilution series and throughout test duration. Passive dosing was here designed to meet these challenges by maximizing the surface area (Adonor/Vmedium = 3.8 cm2/mL) and volume (Vdonor/Vmedium > 0.1 L/L) of the passive dosing donor in order to ensure rapid mass transfer and avoid donor depletion for all mixture constituents. Cracked gas oil, cedarwood Virginia oil, and lavender oil served as model mixtures. This study advances the field by (i) showing accelerated passive dosing kinetics for 68 cracked gas oil constituents with typical equilibration times of 5-10 min and for 21 cederwood Virginia oil constituents with typical equilibration times < 1 h, (ii) demonstrating how to control mixture concentration and composition in aquatic tests, and (iii) discussing the fundamental differences between solvent spiking, water-accommodated fractions, and passive dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke Hammershøj
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Heidi Birch
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Karina K Sjøholm
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Philipp Mayer
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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28
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Kiki C, Rashid A, Wang Y, Li Y, Zeng Q, Yu CP, Sun Q. Dissipation of antibiotics by microalgae: Kinetics, identification of transformation products and pathways. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 387:121985. [PMID: 31911384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Dissipation potential of four algae viz. Haematococcus pluvialis, Selenastrum capricornutum, Scenedesmus quadricauda and Chlorella vulgaris was investigated against ten antibiotics (sulfamerazine, sulfamethoxazole, sulfamonomethoxine, trimethoprim, clarithromycin, azithromycin, roxithromycin, lomefloxacin, levofloxacin and flumequine) in a series of synthetic wastewater batch culture experiments, maintained at 20, 50 and 100 μg L-1 initial concentration levels and incubated over a period of 40 days. Generally, the antibiotic removal was achieved with overall dissipation percentage (%) varying among the algal species and different antibiotics. Biodegradation was the major antibiotic removal mechanism from the dissolved fraction, with minor contributions of bioadsorption, bioaccumulation, and abiotic factors. The antibiotics dissipation followed the pseudo-first-order-kinetics with the fastest antibiotic degradation rate achieved by H. pluvialis. The Monod kinetics was successfully applied to explain the relationship between the algal growth and the removal of antibiotics and nutrients in the batch cultures. S. capricornutum and C. vulgaris showed more affinity for the macrolides and fluoroquinolones than sulfonamides, while, H. pluvialis and S. quadiricauda showed relatively higher preference for sulfonamides than the other antibiotic groups. A total of 10 transformation products were identified and the transformation pathway was proposed, accordingly. Most of the transformation products had lower toxicity compared with their parent antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Kiki
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Azhar Rashid
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture, Tarnab, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Yuwen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Yan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Qiaoting Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Chang-Ping Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China; Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Qian Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.
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29
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Fenner K, Screpanti C, Renold P, Rouchdi M, Vogler B, Rich S. Comparison of Small Molecule Biotransformation Half-Lives between Activated Sludge and Soil: Opportunities for Read-Across? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:3148-3158. [PMID: 32062976 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b05104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Compartment-specific degradation half-lives are essential pieces of information in the regulatory risk assessment of synthetic chemicals. However, their measurement according to regulatory testing guidelines is laborious and costly. Despite the obvious ecological and economic benefits of knowing environmental degradability as early as possible, its consideration in the early phases of rational chemical design is therefore challenging. Here, we explore the possibility to use half-lives determined in highly time- and work-efficient biotransformation experiments with activated sludge and mixtures of chemicals to predict soil half-lives from regulatory simulation studies. We experimentally determined half-lives for 52 structurally diverse agrochemical active ingredients in batch reactors with three concentrations of the same activated sludge. We then developed bi- and multivariate models for predicting half-lives in soil by regressing the experimentally determined half-lives in activated sludge against average soil half-lives of the same chemicals extracted from regulatory data. The models differed in how we accounted for sorption-related bioavailability differences in soil and activated sludge. The best-performing models exhibited good coefficients of determination (R2 of around 0.8) and low average errors (<factor of 3 in half-life predictions) and were robust in cross-validation. From a practical perspective, these results suggest that it may indeed be possible to read across from half-lives determined in highly efficient biotransformation experiments in activated sludge to soil half-lives, which are obtained from much more work- and resource-intense regulatory studies, and that these predictions are clearly superior to predictions based on the output of BIOWIN, a publicly available quantitative structure-biodegradation relationship (QSBR) model. From a theoretical perspective, these results suggest that soil and activated sludge microbial communities, although certainly different in terms of taxonomic composition, may be functionally similar with respect to the enzymatic transformation of environmentally relevant concentrations of a diverse range of chemical compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Fenner
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Screpanti
- Chemical Research, Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland
| | - Peter Renold
- Chemical Research, Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland
| | - Marwa Rouchdi
- Chemical Research, Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland
| | - Bernadette Vogler
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Rich
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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