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Ray M, Sethy SK, Maiti SK, Ali N, Bhosale AC, Negi YS, Chattopadhyay S. Triazole-rich 3D metal-organic framework incorporated solid electrolytes for superior proton conductivity and durability in fuel cells. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:20971-20983. [PMID: 39046419 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp02196g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Insufficient proton conductivity and oxidative stability of sulfonated hydrocarbons hinder their applicability as proton exchange membrane electrolytes in fuel cells. In this regard, fabrication of proton conducting mixed-matrix membranes (PC-MMMs) can be a superior approach to obtain desirable properties. In this work, a triazole ligand (1H-1,2,4 triazole) was coordinated to a zinc metal node to create a 3D metal-organic framework (MOF) and incorporated as an additive in a sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) matrix at 1, 3, and 5 weight percentage to fabricate PC-MMMs by the casting process. Several characterization tools such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterise these membranes and study their potential application as electrolyte(s) in PEMFCs (proton exchange membrane fuel cells). Membranes were also tested for water uptake, ion-exchange capacity and oxidative stability in Fenton's reagent. The performance of the polymeric composite membrane containing a 3 wt% MOF was then assessed in a H2/O2 single cell as it demonstrated the highest proton conductivity of 0.04 S cm-1 among all the compositions and a maximum current density of 1191 mA cm-2. The membrane was also subjected to an OCV hold test for 12 hours to study the chemical durability over a period of time. This report establishes that the inclusion of a triazole based MOF enhances the proton conductivity, performance, and thermal and chemical durability of composite membranes which can be considered as a promising electrolyte material at intermediate temperatures after a proper optimisation of different cell parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuparna Ray
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India.
| | - Sunil K Sethy
- Department of Hydro and Renewable Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Subrata Kumar Maiti
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India.
| | - Nasir Ali
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India.
| | - Amit C Bhosale
- Department of Hydro and Renewable Energy, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Yuvraj Singh Negi
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India.
| | - Sujay Chattopadhyay
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India.
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Ji F, Jiang F, Luo H, He WW, Han X, Shen W, Liu M, Zhou T, Xu J, Wang Z, Lan YQ. Hybrid Membrane of Sulfonated Poly(aryl ether ketone sulfone) Modified by Molybdenum Clusters with Enhanced Proton Conductivity. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2312209. [PMID: 38530091 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202312209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Developing novel proton exchange membranes (PEMs) with low cost and superior performance to replace Nafion is of great significance. Polyoxometalate-doped sulfonated poly(aryl ether ketone sulfone) (SPAEKS) allows for the amalgamation of the advantages in each constituent, thereby achieving an optimized performance for the hybrid PEMs. Herein, the hybrid membranes by introducing 2MeIm-{Mo132} into SPAEKS are obtained. Excellent hydrophilic properties of 2MeIm-{Mo132} can help more water molecules be retained in the hybrid membrane, providing abundant carriers for proton transport and proton hopping sites to build successive hydrophilic channels, thus lowering the energy barrier, accelerating the proton migration, and significantly fostering the proton conductivity of hybrid membranes. Especially, SP-2MIMo132-5 exhibits an enhanced proton conductivity of 75 mS cm-1 at 80 °C, which is 82.9% higher than pristine SPAEKS membrane. Additionally, this membrane is suitable for application in proton exchange membrane fuel cells, and a maximum power density of 266.2 mW cm-2 can be achieved at 80 °C, which far exceeds that of pristine SPAEKS membrane (54.6 mW cm-2). This work demonstrates that polyoxometalate-based clusters can serve as excellent proton conduction sites, opening up the choice of proton conduction carriers in hybrid membrane design and providing a novel idea to manufacture high-performance PEMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Ji
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Fengyu Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Luo
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Wen He
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xu Han
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Wangwang Shen
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Menglong Liu
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Jingmei Xu
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Wang
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Qian Lan
- School of Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
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Li J, Xu F, Chen W, Han Y, Lin B. Anion Exchange Membranes Based on Bis-Imidazolium and Imidazolium-Functionalized Poly(phenylene oxide) for Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Applications. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:16506-16512. [PMID: 37179649 PMCID: PMC10173422 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Although the Nafion membrane has a high energy efficiency, long service life, and operational flexibility when applied for vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) applications, its applications are limited due to its high vanadium permeability. In this study, anion exchange membranes (AEMs) based on poly(phenylene oxide) (PPO) with imidazolium and bis-imidazolium cations were prepared and used in VRFBs. PPO with long-pendant alkyl-side-chain bis-imidazolium cations (BImPPO) exhibits higher conductivity than the imidazolium-functionalized PPO with short chains (ImPPO). ImPPO and BImPPO have a lower vanadium permeability (3.2 × 10-9 and 2.9 × 10-9 cm2 s-1) than Nafion 212 (8.8 × 10-9 cm2 s-1) because the imidazolium cations are susceptible to the Donnan effect. Furthermore, under the current density of 140 mA cm-2, the VRFBs assembled with ImPPO- and BImPPO-based AEMs exhibited a Coulombic efficiency of 98.5% and 99.8%, respectively, both of which were higher than that of the Nafion212 membrane (95.8%). Bis-imidazolium cations with long-pendant alkyl side chains contribute to hydrophilic/hydrophobic phase separation in the membranes, thus improving the conductivity of membranes and the performance of VRFBs. The VRFB assembled with BImPPO exhibited a higher voltage efficiency (83.5%) at 140 mA cm-2 than that of ImPPO (77.2%). These results of the present study suggest that the BImPPO membranes are suitable for VRFB applications.
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