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Song L, Chi W, Hao Y, Ren J, Yang B, Cong F, Li Y, Yu L, Li X, Wang Y. Improving the properties of polylactic acid/polypropylene carbonate blends through cardanol-induced compatibility enhancement. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128886. [PMID: 38141698 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Cardanol (CD) is used as a reactive compatibilizer, and blended with polylactic acid (PLA) and polypropylene carbonate (PPC) resin (70/30(w/w)) to obtain a series of PLA/PPC/CD blends. The systematic study was conducted on the thermal properties, optical properties, rheological properties, mechanical properties, and microscopic morphology of the blend, by varying amounts of CD added to the blends. A detailed explanation and comprehensive analysis of the reaction mechanism between CD and PLA/PPC have been made. The study found that CD acts as a "bridge" between the PLA and PPC, forming the structure of a block copolymer (PLA-b-CD-b-PPC), and the copolymer can greatly improve the compatibility of PLA and PPC. When the amount of CD reaches 8 wt%, only one Tg is observed in the blend, simultaneously, PLA/PPC has already transitioned from a partially compatible system to a completely compatible system. At the same time, the addition of CD does not have any negative impact on the thermal stability of the PLA/PPC blend under processing temperature conditions, and the thermal stability of the PLA/PPC/CD blends can even be improved under extreme conditions. In addition, the addition of CD allows the PLA/PPC/CD blends to maintain a high light transmittance while reducing the opacity of the blend (the light transmittance remains above 92 %, and the opacity is reduced from 37 % to about 24 %), demonstrating excellent optical properties. Moreover, the elongation at break and impact strength of the PLA/PPC/CD blend both show a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of CD amount. When the CD amount varies within the range of 6- 8 wt%, the blends undergoes a brittle-ductile transition, and its toughness is greatly improved while the rigidity can also meet practical needs. When the amount of CD in the system increases to 12 wt%, the toughness of the blend reaches its peak, and its elongation at break and impact strength reach 513.24 % and 9211.5 J/m2 respectively (increased to 2442.84 % and 270.73 % of the PLA/PPC blend). Concurrently, the fracture surface of the blend exhibits large-scale plastic flow in the direction of the applied force, with marked shear yield phenomena, showing obvious characteristics of tough fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Song
- Polymer High Functional Film Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, China; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China.
| | - Weihan Chi
- Polymer High Functional Film Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, China; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Yongsheng Hao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Jiannan Ren
- AVIC Shenyang Aircraft Corporation, Shenyang 110850, China
| | - Bing Yang
- Polymer High Functional Film Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, China; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Fei Cong
- Polymer High Functional Film Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, China; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Yongchao Li
- Polymer High Functional Film Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, China; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Lingxiao Yu
- Polymer High Functional Film Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, China; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Xianliang Li
- Polymer High Functional Film Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, China; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Yuanxia Wang
- Polymer High Functional Film Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, China.
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Song L, Chi W, Zhang Q, Ren J, Yang B, Cong F, Li Y, Wang W, Li X, Wang Y. High-performance and functional fully bio-based polylactic acid/polypropylene carbonate blends by in situ multistep reaction-induced interfacial control. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128799. [PMID: 38110165 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Using a solvent-free radical grafting technique, glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and maleic anhydride (MAH) were used as functionalized graft monomers, styrene (St) as a copolymer monomer, and grafted onto polylactic acid (PLA). A series of PLA-g-(GMA/MAH-co-St) graft copolymers were prepared by adjusting the GMA/MAH ratio. Subsequently, the prepared graft copolymers were used as a compatibilizer with PLA and polypropylene carbonate (PPC) for melt blending to prepare PLA/PPC/PLA-g-(GMA/MAH-co-St) blends. The effects of changes in the GMA/MAH ratio in the graft copolymer on the thermodynamics, rheology, optics, degradation performance, mechanical properties, and microstructure of the blend were studied. The results found that GMA, MAH, and St were successfully grafted onto PLA, and the PLA-g-(GMA/MAH-co-St) graft copolymer obtained from the reaction had a good toughening effect on the PLA/PPC blend system, which significantly improved the mechanical properties of the PLA/PPC/PLA-g-(GMA/MAH-co-St) blend without reducing its degradation performance, resulting in a biodegradable blend material with excellent comprehensive performance. In the PLA-g-(GMA/MAH-co-St) grafting reaction system, when GMA/MAH = 1.5/1.5 (w/w), the grafting degree of the graft copolymer increased most significantly, from 0.83 phr to 1.51 phr. This composition of graft copolymer can effectively improve the compatibility between PLA and PPC. The resulting PLA/PPC blend can maintain good melt flow properties (MFR of 14.51 g/10 min), high transparency, and low haze (light transmittance of 91.56 %, haze of 20.5 %), while significantly improving its thermal stability (T95%, Tmax, and Et increased by 12.87 °C, 20.33 °C, and 32.00 kJ/mol, respectively). Moreover, when introducing PLA-g-(GMA/MAH-co-St) (GMA/MAH = 1.5/1.5 (wt/wt)) graft copolymer into the system, the toughness of the PLA/PPC/PLA-g-(GMA/MAH-co-St) blend system is optimal, with the notch impact strength and fracture elongation increasing to 184.6 % and 535.4 % of the PLA/PPC blend, respectively, at which point the fracture surface of the impact sample shows a wrinkled fracture feature indicative of toughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Song
- Polymer High Functional Film Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, China; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China.
| | - Weihan Chi
- Polymer High Functional Film Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, China; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Polymer High Functional Film Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, China
| | - Jiannan Ren
- AVIC Shenyang Aircraft Corporation, Shenyang 110850, China
| | - Bing Yang
- Polymer High Functional Film Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, China; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Fei Cong
- Polymer High Functional Film Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, China; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Yongchao Li
- Polymer High Functional Film Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, China; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Polymer High Functional Film Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, China; BatteroTech Corporation Limited, Shanghai 201417, China
| | - Xianliang Li
- Polymer High Functional Film Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, China; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Yuanxia Wang
- Polymer High Functional Film Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, China; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
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Song L, Chi W, Zhang Q, Ren J, Yang B, Cong F, Li Y, Wang W, Li X, Wang Y. Improvement of properties of polylactic acid/polypropylene carbonate blends using epoxy soybean oil as an efficient compatibilizer. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127407. [PMID: 37832613 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) was used as a compatibilizer and blended with polylactic acid (PLA) and polypropylene carbonate (PPC) resin to prepare a series of PLA/PPC/ESO blends with varying compositions. The influence of the variation in the amount of ESO added to the blend system on the thermal properties, optical properties, rheological properties, mechanical properties, and microscopic morphology of the blends was studied. The research indicates that ESO can react with PLA and PPC to form a chemical bond interface, which improves the compatibility of PLA and PPC to a certain extent. With the increase in the amount of ESO added to the blend (1- 5 phr), the complete decomposition temperature, storage modulus, loss modulus, complex viscosity, notched impact strength, and elongation at break of the blend all show a trend of continuous increase. At the same time, the melt flow rate, light transmittance, and tensile strength of the blend do not show significant fluctuations. When the amount of ESO in the system is 5 phr, compared with the PLA/PPC blend, the notched impact strength and elongation at break of the PLA/PPC/ESO blend increase from 4270.3 J/m2, 43.89 % to 8560.4 J/m2, 211.28 %, respectively, and its tensile strength and transmittance still remain around 63 MPa, 92 %. This improves the toughness of the blend while maintaining its rigidity, demonstrating excellent mechanical and optical properties. At this time, the microscopic morphology of the fracture surface of the impact sample also shows obvious characteristics of tough fracture. However, when the amount of ESO added to the blend is excessive (6 phr), the compatibility of the blending system decreases, which will degrade the performance of the blending material and ultimately destroy the phase morphology of the blend and reduce its mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Song
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China.
| | - Weihan Chi
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Jiannan Ren
- AVIC Shenyang Aircraft Corporation, Shenyang 110850, China
| | - Bing Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Fei Cong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Yongchao Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Xianliang Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Yuanxia Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
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Kafkopoulos G, Karakurt E, Martinho RP, Duvigneau J, Vancso GJ. Engineering of Adhesion at Metal-Poly(lactic acid) Interfaces by Poly(dopamine): The Effect of the Annealing Temperature. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2023; 5:5370-5380. [PMID: 37469884 PMCID: PMC10353006 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.3c00672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Control over adhesion at interfaces from strong bonding to release between thermoplastic polymers (TPs) and metal oxides is highly significant for polymer composites. In this work, we showcase a simple and inexpensive method to tune adhesion between a TP of growing interest, poly(lactic acid) (PLA), and two commercial metal alloys, based on titanium and stainless steel. This is realized by coating titanium and stainless steel wires with polydopamine (PDA), thermally treating them under vacuum at temperatures ranging from 25 to 250 °C, and then comolding them with PLA to form pullout specimens for adhesion tests. Pullout results indicate that PDA coatings treated at low temperatures up to a given threshold significantly improve adhesion between PLA and the metals. Conversely, at higher PDA annealing temperatures beyond the threshold, interfacial bonding gradually declines. The excellent control over interfacial adhesion is attributed to the thermally induced transformation of PDA. In this work, we show using thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared, and 13C solid-state NMR that the extent of the thermal transformation is dependent on the annealing temperature. By selecting the annealing temperature, we vary the concentration of primary amine and hydroxyl groups in PDA, which influences adhesion at the metal/PLA interface. We believe that these findings contribute to optimizing and broadening the applications of PDA in composite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Kafkopoulos
- Department of Materials Science and Technology (MTP) of Polymers and Sustainable Polymer Chemistry (SPC), University of Twente, Enschede 7522 NB, The Netherlands
| | - Ezgi Karakurt
- Department of Materials Science and Technology (MTP) of Polymers and Sustainable Polymer Chemistry (SPC), University of Twente, Enschede 7522 NB, The Netherlands
| | - Ricardo P Martinho
- Department of Molecules and Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede 7500 AE, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Duvigneau
- Department of Materials Science and Technology (MTP) of Polymers and Sustainable Polymer Chemistry (SPC), University of Twente, Enschede 7522 NB, The Netherlands
| | - G Julius Vancso
- Department of Materials Science and Technology (MTP) of Polymers and Sustainable Polymer Chemistry (SPC), University of Twente, Enschede 7522 NB, The Netherlands
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Liu L, Tu Z, Lu Y, Wei Z. Scale Synthesis of Poly(butylene carbonate- co-terephthalate) and Its Depolymerization–Repolymerization Recycling Process. Ind Eng Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c04007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Liu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhu Tu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhiyong Wei
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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6
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Effects of different catalysts on the mechanical, thermal, and rheological properties of poly(lactic acid)/polycarbonate blend. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-022-01106-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Effect of Different Comonomers Added to Graft Copolymers on the Properties of PLA/PPC/PLA-g-GMA Blends. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194088. [PMID: 36236042 PMCID: PMC9573763 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The melt-free radical grafting of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) onto poly (lactic acid) (PLA) with styrene (St), α-methylstyrene (AMS), and epoxy resin (EP) as comonomers in a twin-screw extruder was used to prepare PLA-g-GMA graft copolymers. The prepared graft copolymers were then used as compatibilizers to prepare PLA/PPC/PLA-g-GMA blends by melt blending with PLA and polypropylene carbonate (PPC), respectively. The effects of different comonomers in the PLA-g-GMA graft copolymers on the thermal, rheological, optical, and mechanical properties and microstructure of the blends were studied. It was found that the grafting degree of PLA-g-GMA graft copolymers was increased to varying degrees after the introduction of comonomers in the PLA-g-GMA grafting reaction system. When St was used as the comonomer, the grafting degree of the PLA-g-GMA graft copolymer increased most significantly, from 0.8 to 1.6 phr. St as a comonomer also most improved the compatibility between PLA and PPC, and the haze of the blends was reduced while maintaining high transmittance. In addition, the PLA-g-GMA graft copolymer with the introduction of St as a comonomer significantly improved the impact toughness of the blends, while the thermal stability and tensile strength of the blends remained largely unchanged.
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Zhang Q, Gao Y, Liu H, Shu S, Chen W. Effects of Endic Anhydride Grafted PPC on the Properties of PHBV Blends. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:6179. [PMID: 36079560 PMCID: PMC9457800 DOI: 10.3390/ma15176179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Poly(β-hydroxybutyrate-co-β-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) was modified with endic anhydride grafted poly(propylene carbonate) (EA-PPC), and then PHBV/EA-PPC composite polymers were prepared by melt blending under the catalysis of stannous octoate (Sn(Oct)2). The blends were characterized by an electronic universal testing machine, cantilever impact testing machine, and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), as well as dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Effects of the amount of Sn(Oct)2 on the mechanical properties, thermal properties, and morphology of the blends were discussed. The results showed that the addition of Sn(Oct)2 promoted the transesterification reaction between PHBV and EA-PPC, and the compatibility between PHBV and PPC was greatly improved. When the amount of Sn(Oct)2 was 3 wt%, the impact strength and elongation at break of the PHBV/EA-PPC blend increased from 3.7 kJ/m2 and 4.1% to 5.9 kJ/m2 and 387.5%, respectively, and there was no significant decrease in tensile strength. Additionally, four esterification reaction mechanisms for PHBV/EA-PPC blends were proposed.
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Choi E, Lee S, Gang H, Jeong YG. Influences of reactive compatibilization on the structure and physical properties of blends based on thermotropic liquid crystalline polyester and poly(1,4‐cyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate). POLYM ENG SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eun‐Ji Choi
- Department of Applied Organic Materials Engineering Chungnam National University Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - So‐Jeong Lee
- Department of Applied Organic Materials Engineering Chungnam National University Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Ha‐Eun Gang
- Department of Applied Organic Materials Engineering Chungnam National University Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Young Gyu Jeong
- Department of Applied Organic Materials Engineering Chungnam National University Daejeon Republic of Korea
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Kim HJ, Hillmyer MA, Ellison CJ. Enhanced Polyester Degradation through Transesterification with Salicylates. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:15784-15790. [PMID: 34529416 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polyesters constitute nearly 10% of the global plastic market, but most are essentially non-degradable under ambient conditions or in engineered environments. A range of degradable polyesters have been developed as more sustainable alternatives; however, limitations of practical degradability and scalability have hindered their viability. Here, we utilized transesterification approaches, including in situ polymerization-transesterification, between a salicylate and a polyester to incorporate salicylate units into commercial polyester backbones. The strategy is scalable and practically relevant given that high molar mass polymers can be obtained from melt-processing of commercial polyesters using common compounders or extruders. Polylactide containing sparse salicylate moieties shows enhanced hydrolytic degradability in aqueous buffer, seawater, and alkaline solutions without sacrificing the thermal, mechanical, and O2 barrier properties of the parent material. Additionally, salicylate sequences were incorporated into polycaprolactone and a derivative of poly(ethylene terephthalate), and those modified polymers also exhibited facile degradation behavior in alkaline solution, further expanding the scope of this approach. This work provides insights and direction for the development of high-performance yet more sustainable and degradable alternatives to conventional polyesters.
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Song L, Li Y, Meng X, Wang T, Shi Y, Wang Y, Shi S, Liu LZ. Crystallization, Structure and Significantly Improved Mechanical Properties of PLA/PPC Blends Compatibilized with PLA-PPC Copolymers Produced by Reactions Initiated with TBT or TDI. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13193245. [PMID: 34641060 PMCID: PMC8512864 DOI: 10.3390/polym13193245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly (lactic acid) (PLA)-Poly (propylene carbonate) (PPC) block copolymer compatibilizers are produced in incompatible 70wt%PLA/PPC blend by initiating transesterification with addition of 1% of tetra butyl titanate (TBT) or by chain extension with addition of 2% of 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (TDI). The above blends can have much better mechanical properties than the blend without TBT and TDI. The elongation at break is dramatically larger (114% with 2% of TDI and 60% with 1% of TBT) than the blend without TDI and TBT, with a slightly lower mechanical strength. A small fraction of the copolymer is likely formed in the PLA/PPC blend with addition of TBT, and a significant amount of the copolymer can be made with addition of TDI. The copolymer produced with TDI has PPC as a major content (~70 wt%) and forms a miscible interphase with its own Tg. The crystallinity of the blend with TDI is significantly lower than the blend without TDI, as the PLA blocks of the copolymer in the interphase is hardly to crystallize. The average molecular weight increases significantly with addition of TDI, likely compensating the lower mechanical strength due to lower crystallinity. Material degradation can occur with addition of TBT, but it is very limited with 1% of TBT. However, compared with the blends without TBT, the PLA crystallinity of the blend with 1%TBT increases sharply during the cooling process, which likely compensates the loss of mechanical strength due to the slightly material degradation. The added TDI does not have any significant impact on PLA lamellar packing, but the addition of TBT can make PLA lamellar packing much less ordered, presumably resulted from much smaller PPC domains formed in the blend due to better compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Song
- Advanced Manufacturing Institute of Polymer Industry, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (L.S.); (Y.L.); (X.M.); (T.W.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.)
- Shenyang Advanced Coating Material Industry Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Shenyang 110326, China;
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Yongchao Li
- Advanced Manufacturing Institute of Polymer Industry, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (L.S.); (Y.L.); (X.M.); (T.W.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.)
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Xiangyu Meng
- Advanced Manufacturing Institute of Polymer Industry, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (L.S.); (Y.L.); (X.M.); (T.W.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.)
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Advanced Manufacturing Institute of Polymer Industry, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (L.S.); (Y.L.); (X.M.); (T.W.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.)
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Advanced Manufacturing Institute of Polymer Industry, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (L.S.); (Y.L.); (X.M.); (T.W.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yuanxia Wang
- Advanced Manufacturing Institute of Polymer Industry, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (L.S.); (Y.L.); (X.M.); (T.W.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.)
| | - Shengnan Shi
- Shenyang Advanced Coating Material Industry Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Shenyang 110326, China;
| | - Li-Zhi Liu
- Advanced Manufacturing Institute of Polymer Industry, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China; (L.S.); (Y.L.); (X.M.); (T.W.); (Y.S.); (Y.W.)
- Correspondence:
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12
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Zhao Y, Li Y, Xie D, Chen J. Effect of chain extrender on the compatibility, mechanical and gas barrier properties of poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate)/poly(propylene carbonate) bio‐composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- Guangdong Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center Institute of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Yuan Li
- Guangdong Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center Institute of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Dong Xie
- Guangdong Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center Institute of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
| | - Junjia Chen
- Guangdong Biomaterials Engineering Technology Research Center Institute of Bioengineering, Guangdong Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China
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13
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Nim B, Opaprakasit M, Petchsuk A, Opaprakasit P. Microwave-assisted chemical recycling of polylactide (PLA) by alcoholysis with various diols. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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14
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Nicolino MVB, Lucas ADA, Branciforti MC. Reactive extrusion of poly (butylene succinate-co-adipate) and poly (ε-caprolactone) biodegradable blends through titanium-based transesterification catalyst. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Geng Y, He H, Liu H, Jing H. Preparation of polycarbonate/poly(lactic acid) with improved printability and processability for fused deposition modeling. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Geng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Tianhe District, Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Hui He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Tianhe District, Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Hao Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Tianhe District, Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Huaishuai Jing
- School of Materials Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Tianhe District, Guangzhou Guangdong China
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16
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Sustainable Blends of Poly(propylene carbonate) and Stereocomplex Polylactide with Enhanced Rheological Properties and Heat Resistance. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-020-2408-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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17
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Hirai T, Yagi K, Okamoto K, Onochi Y, Kawada J. In Situ Reactive Compatibilization of Polyamide 6 and Polycarbonate Blend by the Catalytic Effect of Phenol Novolac. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b05970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Hirai
- Material and Processing Department, Polymer Processing and Mechanics Laboratories, Toyota Central R&D Laboratories, Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute 480-1192, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yagi
- Material and Processing Department, Polymer Processing and Mechanics Laboratories, Toyota Central R&D Laboratories, Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute 480-1192, Japan
| | - Kazuo Okamoto
- Material and Processing Department, Polymer Processing and Mechanics Laboratories, Toyota Central R&D Laboratories, Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute 480-1192, Japan
| | - Yusaku Onochi
- Lightweight Material Development Group, Organic Material Dept., Organic Material Engineering Div., Toyota Motor Corporation, Toyota-cho, Toyota, Aichi 471-8572, Japan
| | - Jumpei Kawada
- Material and Processing Department, Polymer Processing and Mechanics Laboratories, Toyota Central R&D Laboratories, Inc., 41-1 Yokomichi, Nagakute 480-1192, Japan
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18
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19
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Calderón BA, Thompson CW, Barinelli VL, McCaughey MS, Sobkowicz MJ. Effect of exchange reactions and free radical grafting on the high‐speed reactive extrusion of poly(butylene succinate) and poly(propylene carbonate) blends. POLYM ENG SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara A. Calderón
- Department of Plastics Engineering University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell Massachusetts 01854
| | - Conor W. Thompson
- Department of Plastics Engineering University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell Massachusetts 01854
| | - Vincenzo L. Barinelli
- Department of Plastics Engineering University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell Massachusetts 01854
| | - Matthew S. McCaughey
- Department of Plastics Engineering University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell Massachusetts 01854
| | - Margaret J. Sobkowicz
- Department of Plastics Engineering University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell Massachusetts 01854
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20
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Preparation of chlorinated poly(propylene carbonate) and its effects on the mechanical properties of poly(propylene carbonate)/starch blends as a compatibilizer. Polym Bull (Berl) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-019-02762-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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21
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Lai W, Wu G. Reactive blending and transesterification-induced degradation of isosorbide-based polycarbonate blends. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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22
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Poly (lactic acid) blends: Processing, properties and applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 125:307-360. [PMID: 30528997 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Poly (lactic acid) or polylactide (PLA) is a commercial biobased, biodegradable, biocompatible, compostable and non-toxic polymer that has competitive material and processing costs and desirable mechanical properties. Thereby, it can be considered favorably for biomedical applications and as the most promising substitute for petroleum-based polymers in a wide range of commodity and engineering applications. However, PLA has some significant shortcomings such as low melt strength, slow crystallization rate, poor processability, high brittleness, low toughness, and low service temperature, which limit its applications. To overcome these limitations, blending PLA with other polymers is an inexpensive approach that could also tailor the final properties of PLA-based products. During the last two decades, researchers investigated the synthesis, processing, properties, and development of various PLA-based blend systems including miscible blends of poly l-lactide (PLLA) and poly d-lactide (PDLA), which generate stereocomplex crystals, binary immiscible/miscible blends of PLA with other thermoplastics, multifunctional ternary blends using a third polymer or fillers such as nanoparticles, as well as PLA-based blend foam systems. This article reviews all these investigations and compares the syntheses/processing-morphology-properties interrelationships in PLA-based blends developed so far for various applications.
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23
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Muthuraj R, Mekonnen T. Recent progress in carbon dioxide (CO2) as feedstock for sustainable materials development: Co-polymers and polymer blends. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.04.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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24
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Xie J, Wang Z, Zhao Q, Yang Y, Xu J, Waterhouse GIN, Zhang K, Li S, Jin P, Jin G. Scale-Up Fabrication of Biodegradable Poly(butylene adipate- co-terephthalate)/Organophilic-Clay Nanocomposite Films for Potential Packaging Applications. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:1187-1196. [PMID: 31457960 PMCID: PMC6641378 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b02062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The development of biodegradable packing materials is a global priority due to the huge volumes of plastic refuse entering landfills and the environment. In this study, a series of biodegradable nanocomposite films based on poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) and reinforced with an organophilic layered double hydroxide (OLDH) were scale-up fabricated. The OLDH nanosheets with a basal spacing of 4.07 nm were presynthesized on a large-scale by solvent-free high-energy ball milling. All of the PBAT/OLDH nanocomposite films (0.5-4 wt % OLDH) showed a uniform dispersion of OLDH nanosheets in the PBAT matrix. A PBAT/OLDH film containing 1 wt % OLDH (denoted herein as OLDH-1) demonstrated outstanding thermal, optical, mechanical, and water vapor barrier properties compared with a pure PBAT film (OLDH-0), including a 37% reduction in haze and a 41.9% increase in nominal tensile strain at break dramatically. Furthermore, the food packaging measurement revealed that the OLDH-1 film showed a better packaging effect than the pure PBAT film and commercial polyethylene packing materials. The feasibility of scale-up manufacture and the excellent processability, manufacturing scalability, mechanical performance, optical transparency, water vapor barrier properties, and food packaging performance of the PBAT/OLDH nanocomposite films encourage their future application as biodegradable packaging films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhuo Xie
- College
of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong
Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271000, Shandong, China
- National
Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer
Resources, National Engineering & Technology Research Center for
Slow and Controlled Release Fertilizers, College of Resources and
Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Zhou Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Nutrition Resources Integrated Utilization, Kingenta Ecological Engineering Co., Ltd, 19 Xingdaxi Street, Linshu 276700, Shandong, China
| | - Qinghua Zhao
- College
of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong
Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271000, Shandong, China
- Department
of Basic Courses, Shandong Medicine Technician
College, 999 Fengtian
Road, Tai’an 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Yuechao Yang
- National
Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer
Resources, National Engineering & Technology Research Center for
Slow and Controlled Release Fertilizers, College of Resources and
Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Xu
- College
of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong
Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Geoffrey I. N. Waterhouse
- College
of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong
Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271000, Shandong, China
- School
of Chemical Sciences, The University of
Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Kun Zhang
- College
of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong
Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Shan Li
- National
Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer
Resources, National Engineering & Technology Research Center for
Slow and Controlled Release Fertilizers, College of Resources and
Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Jin
- National
Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer
Resources, National Engineering & Technology Research Center for
Slow and Controlled Release Fertilizers, College of Resources and
Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271000, Shandong, China
| | - Geyang Jin
- National
Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer
Resources, National Engineering & Technology Research Center for
Slow and Controlled Release Fertilizers, College of Resources and
Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai’an 271000, Shandong, China
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25
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Fully Biodegradable Poly(lactic acid)/Poly(propylene carbonate) Shape Memory Materials with Low Recovery Temperature Based on in situ Compatibilization by Dicumyl Peroxide. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-018-2065-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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26
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Pan H, Li Z, Yang J, Li X, Ai X, Hao Y, Zhang H, Dong L. The effect of MDI on the structure and mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid) and poly(butylene adipate-co-butylene terephthalate) blends. RSC Adv 2018; 8:4610-4623. [PMID: 35539536 PMCID: PMC9077749 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra10745e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The FTIR spectrum of the PLA (a) and the PBAT (b) reacted with MDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Zonglin Li
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Jia Yang
- Changchun University of Technology
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Xin Li
- Changchun University of Technology
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Xue Ai
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering
- Shandong University of Science and Technology
- Qingdao 266510
- China
| | - Yanping Hao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Huiliang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Lisong Dong
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Changchun 130022
- China
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27
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Wang Z, Zhang M, Liu Z, Zhang S, Cao Z, Yang W, Yang M. Compatibilization of the poly(lactic acid)/poly(propylene carbonate) blends through in situ
formation of poly(lactic acid)-b
-poly(propylene carbonate) copolymer. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Wang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengying Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyang Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Cao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan 610065 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan 610065 People's Republic of China
| | - Mingbo Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan 610065 People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan 610065 People's Republic of China
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28
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Muthuraj R, Misra M, Mohanty AK. Biodegradable compatibilized polymer blends for packaging applications: A literature review. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajendran Muthuraj
- Institut de Recherche Dupuy de Lome (IRDL)‐CNRS FRE 3744University of South BrittanyLorient56100 France
| | - Manjusri Misra
- School of EngineeringUniversity of GuelphGuelph Ontario Canada
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre (BDDC), Crop Science Building, Department of Plant AgricultureUniversity of GuelphGuelph Ontario Canada
| | - Amar Kumar Mohanty
- School of EngineeringUniversity of GuelphGuelph Ontario Canada
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre (BDDC), Crop Science Building, Department of Plant AgricultureUniversity of GuelphGuelph Ontario Canada
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29
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Preparation of chlorinated poly(propylene carbonate) and its distinguished properties. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-017-1964-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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30
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Yang J, Pan H, Li X, Sun S, Zhang H, Dong L. A study on the mechanical, thermal properties and crystallization behavior of poly(lactic acid)/thermoplastic poly(propylene carbonate) polyurethane blends. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra07424g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PPCU was prepared by using PPC and polyols as the raw materials and diphenyl-methane-diisocyanate (MDI) as the extender chain. The impact strength and elongation at break of PLA were remarkably enhanced by blending with PPCU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yang
- Changchun University of Technology
- Changchun 130012
- China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Hongwei Pan
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Xin Li
- Changchun University of Technology
- Changchun 130012
- China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
| | - Shulin Sun
- Changchun University of Technology
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Huiliang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Lisong Dong
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Changchun 130022
- China
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31
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Valerio O, Misra M, Mohanty AK. Sustainable biobased blends of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(glycerol succinate-co-maleate) (PGSMA) with balanced performance prepared by dynamic vulcanization. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra06612k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A sustainable and industrially viable method for toughening poly(lactic acid) by dynamic vulcanization using glycerol and succinic acid based polyesters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Valerio
- School of Engineering
- University of Guelph
- Guelph
- Canada
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre
| | - Manjusri Misra
- School of Engineering
- University of Guelph
- Guelph
- Canada
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre
| | - Amar K. Mohanty
- School of Engineering
- University of Guelph
- Guelph
- Canada
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre
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