1
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Cai C, Chen Y, Ding C, Wei Z, Wang X. Eliminating trade-offs between optical scattering and mechanical durability in aerogels as outdoor passive cooling metamaterials. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:1502-1514. [PMID: 38230558 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01802d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Passive cooling is a promising approach for reducing the large energy consumption to achieve carbon neutrality. Foams/aerogels can be considered effective daytime cooling materials due to their good solar scattering and thermal insulation capacity. However, the contradiction between the desired high solar reflectivity and mechanical performance still limits their scalable production and real application. Herein, inspired by the "Floor-Pillar" concept in the building industry, a multi-structure assembly-induced ice templating technology was used to construct all-cellulosic aerogels with well-defined biomimetic structures. By using cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) as pillars and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as floors and methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) as a crosslinking material, an all-cellulosic aerogel (NCA) exhibiting high mechanical strength (mechanical strength = 0.3 MPa at 80% compression ratio, Young's modulus = 1 MPa), ultralow thermal conductivity (28 mW m-1 K-1), ultrahigh solar reflectance (97.5%), high infrared emissivity (0.93), as well as excellent anti-weather function can be achieved, exceeding the performance of most reported cellulosic aerogels. Furthermore, the mechanisms of the improved mechanical strength and stimulated superior solar reflectance of NCA were studied in detail using finite element simulations and COMSOL Multiphysics. As a result, the NCA can achieve a cooling efficiency of 7.5 °C during the daytime. The building energy stimulus demonstrated that 44% of cooling energy can be saved in China annually if the NCA is applied. This work lays the foundation for the preparation of biomass aerogels for energy-saving applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Cai
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resource, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
| | - Yi Chen
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resource, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
| | - Chunxiang Ding
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resource, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, China.
| | - Zechang Wei
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, 76203, USA.
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2
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Ääritalo T, Tirri T, Aubert M, Wilen CE. Synthesis of Silylamine and Siloxyamine Compounds: A Novel Approach to Flame Retardancy of Polypropylene and Epoxy resins. Polym Degrad Stab 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2023.110336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
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3
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Yang S, Liu X, Tao Y, Deng D, Kan Y, Du X, Liu X, Tang G. Metallurgical solid waste modified thermoplastic polyurethane composites: The thermal stability and combustion properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sujie Yang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China
| | - Xinliang Liu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China
| | - Yi Tao
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China
| | - Dan Deng
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering Jiaxing University Jiaxing China
| | - Yongchun Kan
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Xiaoyan Du
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China
| | - Xiuyu Liu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China
| | - Gang Tang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture Anhui University of Technology Ma'anshan China
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4
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Zhang C, Cai R, Xu C, Xia H, Zhu Y, Zhang S. A void surface flame retardant strategy for polymeric
polyHIPEs. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Ruiyun Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Chuanbang Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Hongwei Xia
- Wuxi New Hongtai Electric Technology Co., Ltd. Wuxi China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
| | - Shengmiao Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Advanced Polymeric Materials, Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China
- Wuxi New Hongtai Electric Technology Co., Ltd. Wuxi China
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5
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Chen Q, Zhang J, Li J, Sun J, Xu B, Li H, Gu X, Zhang S. Synthesis of a novel triazine-based intumescent flame retardant and its effects on the fire performance of expanded polystyrene foams. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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6
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Jiang Z, Ma S, Zhang G, Song D, Wang Y, Lao F. Effect of a chitosan-based flame retardant with a caged structure on unsaturated polyester resin. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2022.2029890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zicheng Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianping College of Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Su Ma
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongdong Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanlin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fujing Lao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianping College of Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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7
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Feng X, Li G. UV curable, flame retardant, and pressure-sensitive adhesives with two-way shape memory effect. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Sakhadeo NN, Patro TU. Exploring the Multifunctional Applications of Surface-Coated Polymeric Foams─A Review. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c04945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nihar N. Sakhadeo
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology, Girinagar, Pune, Maharashtra 411025, India
| | - T. Umasankar Patro
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology, Girinagar, Pune, Maharashtra 411025, India
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9
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Kuhnigk J, Standau T, Dörr D, Brütting C, Altstädt V, Ruckdäschel H. Progress in the development of bead foams – A review. J CELL PLAST 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/0021955x221087603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
For a long time, the number of available bead foam variants limited to standard polymers which restricted their functionality mainly to packaging, thermal insulation (e.g. in construction) and shock absorption (e.g. in transportation). In particular, standard polymers such as expanded polystyrene, expanded polyethylene and expanded polypropylene were used for components requiring good insulating properties and high energy absorption at low cost. Mainly since the last two decades, new polymer variants have found their way into the world of bead foams and are currently adding further functionalities, such as sustainability, flame retardancy, increased thermal stability and enhanced mechanical performance (e.g. improvements in energy absorption and impact resistance). Versatile fields of application open up, revolutionizing both industry and design sectors. This review article emphasizes the special development progress of new bead foam variants and their processing technologies. Upcoming opportunities of digital methods for modelling and simulation are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justus Kuhnigk
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Tobias Standau
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Dominik Dörr
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Christian Brütting
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Volker Altstädt
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
- Bavarian Polymer Institute and Bayreuth Institute of Macromolecular Research, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Holger Ruckdäschel
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
- Bavarian Polymer Institute and Bayreuth Institute of Macromolecular Research, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
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10
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Wang X, Zhou C, Dai S, Wang J, Pan Z, Zhou H. Function of chitosan in a
DOPO
‐based flame retardant modified epoxy resin. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Chenyu Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Shengsong Dai
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Junjie Wang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Zhiquan Pan
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
| | - Hong Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan China
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11
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The effects of aluminum and silicon phosphates on thermal stability and flammability of polystyrene. J CHEM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12039-021-02006-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Weinbrenner M, Weber R, Neumeyer T, Altstädt V. Influence of foam density on burning behavior of polymer bead foams. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Regino Weber
- Division Polymers Neue Materialien Bayreuth GmbH Bayreuth Germany
| | - Thomas Neumeyer
- Division Polymers Neue Materialien Bayreuth GmbH Bayreuth Germany
| | - Volker Altstädt
- Division Polymers Neue Materialien Bayreuth GmbH Bayreuth Germany
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13
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Luo Z, Chen Z, Wei J, Wang D, Chen H, Chen R. A transparent and intumescent phosphaphenanthrene/phenylpyrazole-containing epoxy resin system and its flame retardancy. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008321992412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel intumescent flame retardant, PPMD, was designed from phosphaphenanthrene and nitrogen heterocycles through the two-step gut reactions of 1,4-phthalaldehyde and 3-methyl-1-phe-nylpyrazol-5-ylamine. After determination of its structure by nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier-transform infrared analyses, PPMD was added to an epoxy resin (EP) to facilitate a curing process. Thus, EP/PPMD samples with excellent transparency and flame retardancy were acquired. For example, the EP sample satisfied the UL-94 V-0 standard and achieved a limiting oxygen index value of 30.5% because of the incorporation of 5 wt% PPMD. The cone calorimeter test of the EP/5% PPMD sample revealed that its total smoke production (TSP) and total heat release (THR) values of EP/5% PPMD was only 22.5% and 56.4% of the control group, respectively. Moreover, the average effective heat of combustion (av-EHC) value of EP/5% PPMD was reduced by 34.1%, indicating that PPMD possessed high flame-inhibition activity and smoke suppression efficiency. The flame-retardant mechanisms of PPMD were also investigated in gas phase by pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) and in condensed phase by XPS and IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijin Luo
- Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
- West Anhui University, Luan, China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Chizhou University, Chizhou, China
| | - Jun Wei
- Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Han Chen
- West Anhui University, Luan, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, China
- West Anhui University, Luan, China
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14
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Zhang YMZ, Huang MY, Zhou J, Li DZ, Lei Y. Synthesis and characterization of a chalcone-derived epoxy containing pyrazoline ring with excellent flame resistance. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008321993523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Traditional epoxy resins are made by the reaction of petroleum-based bisphenol A and epichlorohydrin. The disadvantages of these petroleum-based epoxy including certain biological toxicity and flammability. To solve these problems, we first synthesized a diphenol compound 3,5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-pyrazoline (TPP), which was prepared by condensation reaction of bio-based chalcone with hydrazine hydrate to replace standard petroleum-based bisphenol A. Then it was condensed with epichlorohydrin under alkaline condition to form a fully aromatic pyrazoline ring epoxy (TPP-EP). For further research, we use 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) as the curing agent. When compared with bisphenol A epoxy resin (DGEBA/DDM), TPP-EP/DDM possessed a higher glass transition temperature (233°C vs. 176°C), and even showed that the residual carbon (in N2) and the storage modulus (at 30°C) increased by 201% and 74%, respectively. What’s more, TPP-EP/DDM system also had good inherent flame retardancy. The limiting oxygen index of TPP-EP/DDM was 33.1, reaching the V-0 level tested by UL-94. From the cone test, the THR, p-HRR, p-SPR and TSP values of TPP-EP/DDM systems also showed different degrees of reduction. Since TPP-EP contained tertiary amine active groups that could be used as a kind of catalytic curing agents for epoxy resins, thus the compound had certain self-curing properties. This work was of great significance for the synthesis of pyrazoline bio-based environmentally friendly flame-retardant epoxy resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-min-zi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, SiChuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meng-yao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, SiChuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, SiChuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Da-zhe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, SiChuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, SiChuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
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15
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Preparation of a halogen-free flame retardant and its effect on the poly(L-lactic acid) as the flame retardant material. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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16
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Ma Z, Liu X, Xu X, Liu L, Yu B, Maluk C, Huang G, Wang H, Song P. Bioinspired, Highly Adhesive, Nanostructured Polymeric Coatings for Superhydrophobic Fire-Extinguishing Thermal Insulation Foam. ACS NANO 2021; 15:11667-11680. [PMID: 34170679 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c02254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Lightweight polymeric foam is highly attractive as thermal insulation materials for energy-saving buildings but is plagued by its inherent flammability. Fire-retardant coatings are suggested as an effective means to solve this problem. However, most of the existing fire-retardant coatings suffer from poor interfacial adhesion to polymeric foam during use. In nature, snails and tree frogs exhibit strong adhesion to a variety of surfaces by interfacial hydrogen-bonding and mechanical interlocking, respectively. Inspired by their adhesion mechanisms, we herein rationally design fire-retardant polymeric coatings with phase-separated micro/nanostructures via a facile radical copolymerization of hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) and sodium vinylsulfonate (VS). The resultant waterborne poly(VS-co-HEA) copolymers exhibit strong interfacial adhesion to rigid polyurethane (PU) foam and other substrates, better than most of the current adhesives because of the combination of interfacial hydrogen-bonding and mechanical interlocking. Besides a superhydrophobic feature, the poly(VS-co-HEA)-coated PU foam can self-extinguish a flame, exhibiting a desired V-0 rating during vertical burning and low heat and smoke release due to its high charring capability, which is superior to its previous counterparts. Moreover, the foam thermal insulation is well-preserved and agrees well with theoretical calculations. This work offers a facile biomimetic strategy for creating advanced adhesive fire-retardant polymeric coatings for many flammable substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhewen Ma
- School of Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Xiaochen Liu
- College of Physics, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- School of Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Lei Liu
- School of Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Bin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Cristian Maluk
- School of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Guobo Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, 4300, Australia
| | - Pingan Song
- Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central, 4300, Australia
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17
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Xu W, Zhong D, Chen R, Cheng Z, Qiao M. Boron phenolic resin/silica sol coating gives rigid polyurethane foam excellent and long‐lasting flame‐retardant properties. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenzong Xu
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Anhui Jianzhu University Hefei People's Republic of China
| | - Di Zhong
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Anhui Jianzhu University Hefei People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Chen
- Bengbu Tianyu High Temperature Resin Material Co., Ltd Bengbu People's Republic of China
| | - Zihao Cheng
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Anhui Jianzhu University Hefei People's Republic of China
| | - Mengxia Qiao
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Anhui Jianzhu University Hefei People's Republic of China
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18
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19
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20
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Fang M, Qian J, Wang X, Chen Z, Guo R, Shi Y. Synthesis of a Novel Flame Retardant Containing Phosphorus, Nitrogen, and Silicon and Its Application in Epoxy Resin. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:7094-7105. [PMID: 33748623 PMCID: PMC7970578 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A novel flame retardant (TDA) containing phosphorus, nitrogen, and silicon was synthesized successfully via a controllable ring-opening addition reaction between 1,3,5-triglycidyl isocyanurate, 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide, and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, and TDA was then blended with diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A to prepare flame-retardant epoxy resins (EPs). The chemical structure and components of TDA were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, 31P nuclear magnetic resonance, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis results indicated that after the introduction of TDA, cured EP maintained good thermal stability with a minimum initial decomposition temperature of 337.6 °C, and the char yields of a EP/TDA-5 sample significantly increased by 76.2% compared with that of the neat EP thermoset. Additionally, with the addition of 25.0 wt % TDA (1.05 wt % phosphorus loading), the limited oxygen index value of cured EP increased from 22.5% of pure EP to 33.4%, and vertical burning V-0 rating was easily achieved. Meanwhile, after the incorporation of TDA, the total heat release and total smoke production of the EP/TDA-5 sample obviously reduced by 28.9 and 27.7% in the cone calorimeter test, respectively. Flame-retardant performances and flame-retardant mechanisms were further analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, FTIR, energy-dispersive spectrometry, and pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The results reveal that the synergistic effect of phosphorus, nitrogen, and silicon plays an excellent flame-retardant role in both gaseous and condensed phases. In addition, the mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties of cured EP thermosets are well maintained rather than destroyed. All the results demonstrate that TDA endows epoxy resin with excellent flame retardancy and possesses great promise in the industrial field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Fang
- Key
Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related
Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science
and Engineering, East China University of
Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jun Qian
- Key
Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related
Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science
and Engineering, East China University of
Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xuezhi Wang
- Key
Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related
Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science
and Engineering, East China University of
Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Key
Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related
Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science
and Engineering, East China University of
Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ruilin Guo
- Key
Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related
Technology of the Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science
and Engineering, East China University of
Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yifeng Shi
- Hangzhou
Rongfang Pressure Sensitive New Material Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200237, China
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21
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Enhanced Thermal Insulation of the Hollow Glass Microsphere/Glass Fiber Fabric Textile Composite Material. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13040505. [PMID: 33562417 PMCID: PMC7915853 DOI: 10.3390/polym13040505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glass fiber fabrics/hollow glass microspheres (HGM)–waterborne polyurethane (WPU) textile composites were prepared using glass fiber, WPU, and HGM as skeleton material, binder, and insulation filler, respectively, to study the effect of HGM on the thermal insulation performance of glass fiber fabrics. Scanning electron microscopy, Instron 3367 tensile test instrument, thermal constant analysis, and infrared thermal imaging were used to determine the cross-sectional morphology, mechanical property, thermal conductivity, and thermal insulation property, respectively, of the developed materials. The results show that the addition of HGM mixed in WPU significantly enhanced thermal insulation performance of the textile composite with the reduction of thermal conductivity of 45.2% when the volume ratio of HGM to WPU is 0.8 compared with that of material without HGM. The composite can achieve the thermal insulation effect with a temperature difference of 17.74 °C at the temperature field of 70 °C. Meanwhile, the tensile strength of the composite is improved from 14.16 to 22.14 MPa. With these results, it is confirmed that designing hollow glass microspheres (HGM) is an effective way to develop and enhance the high performance of insulation materials with an obvious lightweight of the bulk density reaching about 50%.
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22
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Zhang G, Song D, Ma S, Wang Y, Xie X, Dong Y. A novel
P‐S‐Si
‐based cage‐structural monomer for flame‐retardant modification of unsaturated polyester resin. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Su Ma
- College of Chemistry and Life Science Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Yanlin Wang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaotian Xie
- College of Chemistry and Life Science Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Yanmao Dong
- College of Chemistry and Life Science Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou People's Republic of China
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Chen G, Yuan B, Wang Y, Chen X, Huang C, Shang S, Tao H, Liu J, Sun W, Yang P, Shi G. Nacre-biomimetic graphene oxide paper intercalated by phytic acid and its ultrafast fire-alarm application. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 578:412-421. [PMID: 32535423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.05.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel nacre-like flame-retardant paper based on graphene oxide (GO), and phytic acid (PTA) is fabricated via evaporation-induced self-assembly. This facile method is time saving and low energy consuming. A facile approach is proposed to improve thermal oxidative stability of GO paper by in situ phosphorus doping during flame exposure. Then fire-alarm system is designed based on the high-temperature thermal reduction characteristic of GO. The GO paper functionalized with PTA (GO-PTA) can provide ultrasensitive, reliable and longtime fire early-warning signal. Fire alarm can be triggered at approximately 0.50 s when GO-PTA samples are attacked by fire. Phosphorus atoms are in situ doped into graphene layers during fire exposure, endowing GO-PTA paper with outstanding thermal oxidative stability, and thus alarm duration time of GO is greatly improved. The work develops advanced fire detection and early-warning sensors that provide reliable and continuous signals, which provide more available time for fire evacuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongqing Chen
- School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Bihe Yuan
- School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xianfeng Chen
- School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chuyuan Huang
- School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Sheng Shang
- School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hongji Tao
- School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Weikang Sun
- School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Pan Yang
- School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Guibin Shi
- School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
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24
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Chen R, Luo Z, Yu X, Tang H, Zhou Y, Zhou H. Synthesis of chitosan-based flame retardant and its fire resistance in epoxy resin. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 245:116530. [PMID: 32718634 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel flame retardant CCD was synthesized by the condensation between cinnamalde and chitosan, followed by the addition reaction with 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide(DOPO), and CCD was named from the initials of the three raw materials. The intermediate product CC and the target product CCD was then characterized by infrared spectrometry and elemental analysis. The flame retardancy of EP thermosets modified by CCD was dramatically improved. Epoxy resin (EP) with 10wt% CCD passed vertical burning (UL-94) V-0 rating and possessed limited oxygen index (LOI) value of 31.6 %. Cone calorimeter test exhibited the introduction of 3.5g CCD into 35g EP decreased the total heat release by 38.8 % and decreased the total smoke product by 72.0 %. XPS, FTIR, SEM and Raman tests were proceeded to determine the char residue for EP/10 % CCD thermoset, and the results showed that char residue for EP/10 % CCD thermoset possessed dense and compact structure which played a positive effect in blocking the exchange of heat and gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430073, China; West Anhui University, Lu'an, 237012, China
| | - Zijin Luo
- Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - XueJun Yu
- Three Gorges Public Inspection and Testing Center, Yichang, 443000, China
| | - Hao Tang
- Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430073, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430073, China.
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25
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Baby A, Tretsiakova-McNally S, Arun M, Joseph P, Zhang J. Reactive and Additive Modifications of Styrenic Polymers with Phosphorus-Containing Compounds and Their Effects on Fire Retardance. Molecules 2020; 25:E3779. [PMID: 32825185 PMCID: PMC7504409 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Polystyrene, despite its high flammability, is widely used as a thermal insulation material for buildings, for food packaging, in electrical and automotive industries, etc. A number of modification routes have been explored to improve the fire retardance and boost the thermal stability of commercially important styrene-based polymeric products. The earlier strategies mostly involved the use of halogenated fire retardants. Nowadays, these compounds are considered to be persistent pollutants that are hazardous to public and environmental health. Many well-known halogen-based fire retardants, regardless of their chemical structures and modes of action, have been withdrawn from built environments in the European Union, USA, and Canada. This had triggered a growing research interest in, and an industrial demand for, halogen-free alternatives, which not only will reduce the flammability but also address toxicity and bioaccumulation issues. Among the possible options, phosphorus-containing compounds have received greater attention due to their excellent fire-retarding efficiencies and environmentally friendly attributes. Numerous reports were also published on reactive and additive modifications of polystyrene in different forms, particularly in the last decade; hence, the current article aims to provide a critical review of these publications. The authors mainly intend to focus on the chemistries of phosphorous compounds, with the P atom being in different chemical environments, used either as reactive, or additive, fire retardants in styrene-based materials. The chemical pathways and possible mechanisms behind the fire retardance are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aloshy Baby
- Belfast School of Architecture and the Built Environment, Ulster University, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, UK; (A.B.); (J.Z.)
| | - Svetlana Tretsiakova-McNally
- Belfast School of Architecture and the Built Environment, Ulster University, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, UK; (A.B.); (J.Z.)
| | - Malavika Arun
- Institute of Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne 8001, Victoria, Australia; (M.A.); (P.J.)
| | - Paul Joseph
- Institute of Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne 8001, Victoria, Australia; (M.A.); (P.J.)
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Belfast School of Architecture and the Built Environment, Ulster University, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, UK; (A.B.); (J.Z.)
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26
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Abdul Rashid MK, Ramli Sulong NH, Alengaram UJ. Fire resistance performance of composite coating with geopolymer‐based bio‐fillers for lightweight panel application. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Khairi Abdul Rashid
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Center for Innovation Construction Technology (CICT) University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Nor Hafizah Ramli Sulong
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Center for Innovation Construction Technology (CICT) University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Ubagaram Johnson Alengaram
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Center for Innovation Construction Technology (CICT) University of Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
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27
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Gu L, Yu Q, Zhang L. Preparation and characterization of the halogen‐free, smoke suppression, organic–inorganic hybrid flame‐retardant expandable polystyrene materials. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Limin Gu
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical EngineeringHebei University of Science and Technology Shijiazhuang Hebei Province China
| | - Qian Yu
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical EngineeringHebei University of Science and Technology Shijiazhuang Hebei Province China
| | - Linya Zhang
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical EngineeringHebei University of Science and Technology Shijiazhuang Hebei Province China
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28
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Ji W, Yao Y, Guo J, Fei B, Gu X, Li H, Sun J, Zhang S. Toward an understanding of how red phosphorus and expandable graphite enhance the fire resistance of expandable polystyrene foams. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenfei Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Organic‐Inorganic CompositesBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Yuan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic‐Inorganic CompositesBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Jia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Special Functional Waterproof MaterialsBeijing Oriental Yuhong Waterproof Technology Co., Ltd. Beijing China
| | - Bin Fei
- Institute of Textiles and ClothingThe Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China
| | - Xiaoyu Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic‐Inorganic CompositesBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer CompositesBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Hongfei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer CompositesBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organic‐Inorganic CompositesBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
- Institute of Textiles and ClothingThe Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer CompositesBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
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29
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Li L, Shao X, Zhao Z, Liu X, Jiang L, Huang K, Zhao S. Synergistic Fire Hazard Effect of a Multifunctional Flame Retardant in Building Insulation Expandable Polystyrene through a Simple Surface-Coating Method. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:799-807. [PMID: 31956831 PMCID: PMC6964526 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This work reports a strategy based on γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH550) and graphene oxide (GO)-functionalized 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) to fabricate P-N-Si integrated flame retardant [KDOPO-modified GO (DGO)] through mild Mannich and Silanization reactions to overcome the challenge of single gas-phase fire retardancy of DOPO. DGO-based phenolic epoxy resin (DGO/PER) is manufactured and coated on the surface of expandable polystyrene (EPS) foam plates to achieve fire safety, which is used as the thermally insulating external wall in buildings and constructions. The DGO/PER paintcoat imparts high fire safety to the EPS foam plate, exhibiting a high limiting oxygen index value of 29%, and a UL-94 V-0 classification is achieved with only 300 μm of layer thickness compared with the DOPO/PER paintcoat. Meanwhile, all combustion parameters such as peak heat release rate, heat release rate, total heat release, smoke release rate, total smoke rate, and ignition time present excellent promotions for EPS@DGO compared with EPS@DOPO. These dramatically reduced fire hazards are mainly attributed to the synergistic effects of DGO. Meanwhile, the DGO/PER flame-retardant paintcoat cannot deteriorate the thermal insulation performance of the EPS foam plate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zheng Zhao
- Key Lab of Rubber-plastics, Ministry
of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Rubber-plastics, School
of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao
University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Key Lab of Rubber-plastics, Ministry
of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Rubber-plastics, School
of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao
University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Licong Jiang
- Key Lab of Rubber-plastics, Ministry
of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Rubber-plastics, School
of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao
University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Key Lab of Rubber-plastics, Ministry
of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Rubber-plastics, School
of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao
University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Key Lab of Rubber-plastics, Ministry
of Education/Shandong Provincial Key Lab of Rubber-plastics, School
of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao
University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
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30
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Ji W, Wang D, Guo J, Fei B, Gu X, Li H, Sun J, Zhang S. The preparation of starch derivatives reacted with urea-phosphoric acid and effects on fire performance of expandable polystyrene foams. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 233:115841. [PMID: 32059893 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.115841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A novel bio-based flame retardant, ammonium phosphate starch carbamates (APSC) was synthesized from starch, phosphoric acid and urea to achieve better thermal stability and char formation. Flame retardant expandable polystyrene foams (EPS) were prepared by coating method with APSC. The fire resistance evaluation of EPS composites by limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning (UL-94) and cone calorimeter tests indicated that the addition of 47 wt.% of APSC enhanced the LOI from 17.6%-35.2%, with V-0 rating in UL-94, and decreased the peak heat release rate from 666 kW/m2 to 316 kW/m2. Moreover, the total smoke production was also sharply decreased from 70 m2 of pure EPS to 17 m2. By the presence of APSC, the substantial char formation prevented the heat and oxygen transfer, and interrupted the releasing of flammable products, thus protecting the EPS foam from burning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfei Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Special Functional Waterproof Materials, Beijing Oriental Yuhong Waterproof Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Bin Fei
- Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China; Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China.
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31
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Wang J, Guo Y, Zhao S, Huang R, Kong X. A novel intumescent flame retardant imparts high flame retardancy to epoxy resin. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Photoelectric‐Magnetic Functional Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Functional Coordination Compounds of Anhui Higher Education Institutes and School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringAnqing Normal University Anqing China
| | - Yu Guo
- School of Physics and Electrical EngineeringAnqing Normal University Anqing China
| | - ShunPing Zhao
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Photoelectric‐Magnetic Functional Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Functional Coordination Compounds of Anhui Higher Education Institutes and School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringAnqing Normal University Anqing China
| | - Rong‐Yi Huang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Photoelectric‐Magnetic Functional Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Functional Coordination Compounds of Anhui Higher Education Institutes and School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringAnqing Normal University Anqing China
| | - Xue‐Jun Kong
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Photoelectric‐Magnetic Functional Materials, Anhui Key Laboratory of Functional Coordination Compounds of Anhui Higher Education Institutes and School of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringAnqing Normal University Anqing China
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32
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Wang J, Xue L, Zhao B, Lin G, Jin X, Liu D, Zhu H, Yang J, Shang K. Flame Retardancy, Fire Behavior, and Flame Retardant Mechanism of Intumescent Flame Retardant EPDM Containing Ammonium Polyphosphate/Pentaerythrotol and Expandable Graphite. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12244035. [PMID: 31817279 PMCID: PMC6947204 DOI: 10.3390/ma12244035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The intumescent flame retardant ethylene–propylene–diene rubber (EPDM) was prepared using intumescent flame retardant (IFR), including ammonium polyphosphate (APP) /pentaerythrotol (PER) and expandable graphite (EG), as the flame retardant agent. The effects of IFR and EG on the flame retardancy, fire behavior, and thermal stability of the EPDM were investigated. The results show that IFR and EG have excellent synergistic flame retardant effects. When the mass ratio of IFR to EG is 3:1 and the total addition content is 40 phr, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of the EPDM material (EPDM/IFR/EG) can reach 30.4%, and it can pass a V-0 rating in the vertical combustion (UL-94) test. Meanwhile, during the cone calorimetry test, the heat release rate and total heat release of EPDM/IFR/EG are 69.0% and 33.3% lower than that of the pure EPDM, respectively, and the smoke release of the material also decreases significantly, suggesting that the sample shows good fire safety. In addition, the flame retardant mechanism of IFR and EG is systematically investigated by thermogravimetric analysis/infrared spectrometry (TG-IR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the results indicate that IFR and EG have only physical interaction. Moreover, the reason why IFR exhibits a poor flame retardant effect in EPDM materials is explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsheng Wang
- Tianjin Fire Research Institute of Ministry of Emergency Management, 110 Weijin Nan Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300381, China; (J.W.); (B.Z.); (G.L.); (X.J.); (D.L.)
| | - Lei Xue
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China; (L.X.); (H.Z.)
| | - Bi Zhao
- Tianjin Fire Research Institute of Ministry of Emergency Management, 110 Weijin Nan Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300381, China; (J.W.); (B.Z.); (G.L.); (X.J.); (D.L.)
| | - Guide Lin
- Tianjin Fire Research Institute of Ministry of Emergency Management, 110 Weijin Nan Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300381, China; (J.W.); (B.Z.); (G.L.); (X.J.); (D.L.)
| | - Xing Jin
- Tianjin Fire Research Institute of Ministry of Emergency Management, 110 Weijin Nan Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300381, China; (J.W.); (B.Z.); (G.L.); (X.J.); (D.L.)
| | - Dan Liu
- Tianjin Fire Research Institute of Ministry of Emergency Management, 110 Weijin Nan Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300381, China; (J.W.); (B.Z.); (G.L.); (X.J.); (D.L.)
| | - Haibo Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China; (L.X.); (H.Z.)
| | - Jinjun Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China; (L.X.); (H.Z.)
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (K.S.); Tel.: +86-022-23861237 (K.S.)
| | - Ke Shang
- Tianjin Fire Research Institute of Ministry of Emergency Management, 110 Weijin Nan Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300381, China; (J.W.); (B.Z.); (G.L.); (X.J.); (D.L.)
- Correspondence: (J.Y.); (K.S.); Tel.: +86-022-23861237 (K.S.)
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34
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Chen S, Ai L, Zeng J, Liu P. Synergistic Flame‐Retardant Effect of an Aryl Boronic Acid Compound and Ammonium Polyphosphate on Epoxy Resins. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201902795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and DevicesRe- search Institute of Materials ScienceSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Lianghui Ai
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and DevicesRe- search Institute of Materials ScienceSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Jinming Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and DevicesRe- search Institute of Materials ScienceSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Ping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and DevicesRe- search Institute of Materials ScienceSouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
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35
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Zhu ZM, Shang K, Wang LX, Wang JS. Synthesis of an effective bio-based flame-retardant curing agent and its application in epoxy resin: Curing behavior, thermal stability and flame retardancy. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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36
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Chen R, Dai S, Guo T, Tang H, Fan Y, Zhou H. Transparent low‐flammability epoxy resins with improved mechanical properties using tryptamine‐based DOPO derivative. POLYM ENG SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430073 China
| | - Shensong Dai
- Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430073 China
| | - Tong Guo
- Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430073 China
| | - Hao Tang
- Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430073 China
| | - Yuqi Fan
- Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430073 China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Wuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430073 China
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37
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A novel flame retardant derived from DOPO and piperazine and its application in epoxy resin: Flame retardance, thermal stability and pyrolysis behavior. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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38
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Li L, Chen Y, Wu X, Xu B, Qian L. Bi‐phase flame‐retardant effect of dimethyl methylphosphonate and modified ammonium polyphosphate on rigid polyurethane foam. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linshan Li
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical EngineeringBeijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 China
- Engineering Laboratory of Non‐Halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers Beijing 100048 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics Beijing 100048 China
| | - Yajun Chen
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical EngineeringBeijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 China
- Engineering Laboratory of Non‐Halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers Beijing 100048 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics Beijing 100048 China
| | - Xingde Wu
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical EngineeringBeijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 China
- Engineering Laboratory of Non‐Halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers Beijing 100048 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics Beijing 100048 China
| | - Bo Xu
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical EngineeringBeijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 China
- Engineering Laboratory of Non‐Halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers Beijing 100048 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics Beijing 100048 China
| | - Lijun Qian
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical EngineeringBeijing Technology and Business University Beijing 100048 China
- Engineering Laboratory of Non‐Halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers Beijing 100048 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics Beijing 100048 China
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39
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Fire Spread of Thermal Insulation Materials in the Ceiling of Piloti-Type Structure: Comparison of Numerical Simulation and Experimental Fire Tests Using Small- and Real-Scale Models. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11123389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Large-scale fires mainly due to the ignition of thermal insulation materials in the ceiling of piloti-type structures are becoming frequent. However, the fire spread in these cases is not well understood. Herein we performed small-scale and real-scale model tests, and numerical simulations using a fire dynamics simulator (FDS). The experimental and FDS results were compared to elucidate fire spread and effects of thermal insulation materials on it. Comparison of real-scale fire test and FDS results revealed that extruded polystyrene (XPS) thermal insulation material generated additional ignition sources above the ceiling materials upon melting and propagated and sustained the fire. Deformation of these materials during fire test generated gaps, and combustible gases leaked out to cause fire spread. When the ceiling materials collapsed, air flew in through the gaps, leading to flashover that rapidly increased fire intensity and degree of spread. Although the variations of temperatures in real-scale fire test and FDS analysis were approximately similar, melting of XPS and generation of ignition sources could not be reproduced using FDS. Thus, artificial settings that increase the size and intensity of ignition sources at the appropriate moment in FDS were needed to achieve results comparable to those recorded by heat detectors in real-scale fire tests.
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40
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Tang H, Zhu Z, Chen R, Wang J, Zhou H. Synthesis of DOPO‐based pyrazine derivative and its effect on flame retardancy and thermal stability of epoxy resin. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental TechnologyWuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430073 China
| | - ZongMin Zhu
- College of Materials Science and EngineeringWuhan Textile University Wuhan 430200 China
| | - Rui Chen
- College of Chemistry and Environmental TechnologyWuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430073 China
| | - JunJie Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental TechnologyWuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430073 China
| | - Hong Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Environmental TechnologyWuhan Institute of Technology Wuhan 430073 China
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41
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Wang G, Li W, Bai S, Wang Q. Synergistic Effects of Flame Retardants on the Flammability and Foamability of PS Foams Prepared by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Foaming. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:9306-9315. [PMID: 31460020 PMCID: PMC6648846 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Halogen-free flame-retardant polystyrene (PS) foams prepared by supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) foaming have been achieved. The flame-retardants include expandable graphite (EG) and melamine phosphate (MP), and their influence on the foamability, decomposition behavior, fire performance, and mechanical properties of PS foams were investigated. It has been shown that flame retardants can generate inert gases and catalyze the char formation from PS, and the formed thick char layer with a notable barrier property can greatly decrease the heat release of PS foams. The addition of triphenyl phosphate (TPP) or hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphazene (HPCTP), which acts as a flame-retardant plasticizer, can obviously improve the foamability and fire performance of the foams. TPP or HPCTP can generate active phosphorous species and phenoxyl radicals to enhance the gas phase flame-retardant effect; therefore, the flame-retarded PS foams (with 25 wt % MP/EG) achieve HF1 and V-0 ratings, with limiting oxygen index (LOI) values of 30.1 or 29.6%, respectively. The numerical assessment of synergistic effects of TPP and HPCTP on further enhancing flame retardancy of PS foams has been provided by the microcalorimeter (MCC) test. Further X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) investigation on char residues of PS foams demonstrates the formation of the P-O-C and other stable structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Wenzhi Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Special Functional Waterproof Materials, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Shibing Bai
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
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42
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Zhu ZM, Wang LX, Dong LP. Influence of a novel P/N-containing oligomer on flame retardancy and thermal degradation of intumescent flame-retardant epoxy resin. Polym Degrad Stab 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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43
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Ai L, Chen S, Zeng J, Yang L, Liu P. Synergistic Flame Retardant Effect of an Intumescent Flame Retardant Containing Boron and Magnesium Hydroxide. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:3314-3321. [PMID: 31459546 PMCID: PMC6648587 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, to develop an organic/inorganic synergistic flame retardant and to reduce the dosage and cost of flame retardants, organic/inorganic synergistic flame retardants, hexakis(4-boronic acid-phenoxy)-cyclophosphazene (CP-6B), and magnesium hydroxide (MH) were chosen. The flame retardant properties of CP-6B/MH in epoxy resin (EP) were discussed. EP/CP-6B/MH had better flame retardancy and heat resistance compared with EP/CP-6B and EP/MH. A limiting oxygen index of EP/3.0%CP-6B/0.5%MH of 31.9% was achieved, and vertical burning V-0 rating was achieved. Compared with EP, the cone calorimeter dates of EP/CP-6B/MH decreased. CP-6B/MH inhibited combustion and did little to damage mechanical properties. Besides, the flame retardant mechanism was studied by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. CP-6B/MH exerted good synergistic effects.
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44
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Wang Y, Jiang H, Ni J, Chen J, Zhou H, Wang X, Xin F. Study on the effect of PolyFR and its FR system on the flame retardancy and foaming behavior of polystyrene. RSC Adv 2019; 9:192-205. [PMID: 35521612 PMCID: PMC9059262 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09680e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmentally-friendly flame retardant, PolyFR, has an excellent effect on the flame retardancy and foaming behavior of polystyrene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqiao Wang
- School of Materials and Mechanical Engineering
- Beijing Technology and Business University
- Beijing 100048
- People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics
| | - Hanchuan Jiang
- School of Materials and Mechanical Engineering
- Beijing Technology and Business University
- Beijing 100048
- People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics
| | - Jingyue Ni
- School of Materials and Mechanical Engineering
- Beijing Technology and Business University
- Beijing 100048
- People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics
| | - Jianze Chen
- School of Materials and Mechanical Engineering
- Beijing Technology and Business University
- Beijing 100048
- People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics
| | - Hongfu Zhou
- School of Materials and Mechanical Engineering
- Beijing Technology and Business University
- Beijing 100048
- People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- School of Materials and Mechanical Engineering
- Beijing Technology and Business University
- Beijing 100048
- People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics
| | - Fei Xin
- School of Materials and Mechanical Engineering
- Beijing Technology and Business University
- Beijing 100048
- People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics
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45
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Realinho V, Arencón D, Antunes M, Velasco JI. Effects of a Phosphorus Flame Retardant System on the Mechanical and Fire Behavior of Microcellular ABS. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 11:polym11010030. [PMID: 30960014 PMCID: PMC6401830 DOI: 10.3390/polym11010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work deals with the study of phosphorus flame retardant microcellular acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS) parts and the effects of weight reduction on the fire and mechanical performance. Phosphorus-based flame retardant additives (PFR), aluminum diethylphosphinate and ammonium polyphosphate, were used as a more environmentally friendly alternative to halogenated flame retardants. A 25 wt % of such PFR system was added to the polymer using a co-rotating twin-screw extruder. Subsequently, microcellular parts with 10, 15, and 20% of nominal weight reduction were prepared using a MuCell® injection-molding process. The results indicate that the presence of PFR particles increased the storage modulus and decreased the impact energy determined by means of dynamic-mechanical-thermal analysis and falling weight impact tests respectively. Nevertheless, the reduction of impact energy was found to be lower in ABS/PFR samples than in neat ABS with increasing weight reduction. This effect was attributed to the lower cell sizes and higher cell densities of the microcellular core of ABS/PFR parts. All ABS/PFR foams showed a self-extinguishing behavior under UL-94 burning vertical tests, independently of the weight reduction. Gradual decreases of the second peak of heat release rate and time of combustion with similar intumescent effect were observed with increasing weight reduction under cone calorimeter tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Realinho
- Centre Català del Plàstic, Departament de Ciència dels Materials i Enginyeria Metal·lúrgica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC Barcelona Tech), C/Colom 114, E-08222 Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - David Arencón
- Centre Català del Plàstic, Departament de Ciència dels Materials i Enginyeria Metal·lúrgica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC Barcelona Tech), C/Colom 114, E-08222 Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marcelo Antunes
- Centre Català del Plàstic, Departament de Ciència dels Materials i Enginyeria Metal·lúrgica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC Barcelona Tech), C/Colom 114, E-08222 Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - José Ignacio Velasco
- Centre Català del Plàstic, Departament de Ciència dels Materials i Enginyeria Metal·lúrgica, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC Barcelona Tech), C/Colom 114, E-08222 Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.
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46
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Xia J, Su Y, Li W. Post-polymerization functionalization to a novel phosphorus- and nitrogen-containing polyether coating for flame retardant treatment of PET fabric. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Xia
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Fuzhou 350002 China
| | - Yumiao Su
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Fuzhou 350002 China
| | - Wenmu Li
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Fuzhou 350002 China
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47
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Atinafu DG, Dong W, Wang J, Huang X, Wang J, Gao H, Wang G. Synthesis and Characterization of Paraffin/Metal Organic Gel Derived Porous Carbon/Boron Nitride Composite Phase Change Materials for Thermal Energy Storage. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dimberu G. Atinafu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering; Beijing Key Laboratory of Function Materials for Molecule & Structure Construction; School of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology Beijing; 100083 Beijing P.R China
| | - Wenjun Dong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering; Beijing Key Laboratory of Function Materials for Molecule & Structure Construction; School of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology Beijing; 100083 Beijing P.R China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering; Beijing Key Laboratory of Function Materials for Molecule & Structure Construction; School of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology Beijing; 100083 Beijing P.R China
| | - Xiubing Huang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering; Beijing Key Laboratory of Function Materials for Molecule & Structure Construction; School of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology Beijing; 100083 Beijing P.R China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering; Beijing Key Laboratory of Function Materials for Molecule & Structure Construction; School of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology Beijing; 100083 Beijing P.R China
| | - Hongyi Gao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering; Beijing Key Laboratory of Function Materials for Molecule & Structure Construction; School of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology Beijing; 100083 Beijing P.R China
| | - Ge Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering; Beijing Key Laboratory of Function Materials for Molecule & Structure Construction; School of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology Beijing; 100083 Beijing P.R China
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48
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Mechanical, thermal and fire performance of an inorganic-organic insulation material composed of hollow glass microspheres and phenolic resin. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 530:163-170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.06.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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49
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Ai L, Chen S, Zeng J, Liu P, Liu W, Pan Y, Liu D. Synthesis and flame retardant properties of cyclophosphazene derivatives containing boron. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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50
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Zhu ZM, Rao WH, Kang AH, Liao W, Wang YZ. Highly effective flame retarded polystyrene by synergistic effects between expandable graphite and aluminum hypophosphite. Polym Degrad Stab 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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