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Guan K, Wu J, Zhou J, Li Y, Pei L, Shi X. Synthesis Strategy Guided by Decision Tree for Morphology Control of Metal Phosphonates. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:18758-18766. [PMID: 37919939 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The morphology control of metal phosphonates is always a difficulty because there are many challenges derived from the complexity of crystallization and the multivariable synthesis system. Responding to challenges, we propose a synthesis strategy guided by a decision tree for morphology control of metal phosphonates, through which directional design of the morphology-controlled synthesis can be realized. Specifically, any one synthetic condition involving the synthesis of metal phosphonates can be regarded as a decision problem to construct a binary decision tree. By means of the classification principle of the binary decision tree, the samples synthesized under the boundary value of each synthesis condition are classified based on crystal phase and morphology. The key synthetic conditions determining crystal phase and morphology can be precisely screened out to serve as decision nodes for the binary decision tree and are also rapidly optimized by the recursion level by level, whereas others cannot. Here, the β-polymorph of copper phenylphosphonate (β-CuPP) is selected as an example to elaborate the decision-tree-guided synthesis strategy for morphology control of metal phosphonates. From the constructed binary decision tree, it is clear that the right amount of methanol in the solvent is vital to obtain β-phase of CuPP, whereas the reactant concentration, pH value, and reaction time are important for morphology and phase transformation. Under the optimal synthetic conditions screened out by the binary decision tree, β-CuPP can thus be controlled to be hierarchically flower-like microsphere morphology through either the direct synthesis route or the solid-to-solid phase transformation route. This research work confirms that the decision-tree-guided synthesis is highly efficacious for the morphology control of metal phosphonates. Furthermore, the morphology-controlled synthesis guided by a decision tree may provide some valuable inspiration for morphology control of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and even coordinate compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqi Guan
- Institute of Chemistry for Functionalized Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, 850 Huanghe Road, Dalian 116029, China
| | - Jingxian Wu
- Institute of Chemistry for Functionalized Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, 850 Huanghe Road, Dalian 116029, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Institute of Chemistry for Functionalized Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, 850 Huanghe Road, Dalian 116029, China
| | - Yang Li
- Institute of Chemistry for Functionalized Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, 850 Huanghe Road, Dalian 116029, China
| | - Lingnan Pei
- Institute of Chemistry for Functionalized Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, 850 Huanghe Road, Dalian 116029, China
| | - Xin Shi
- Institute of Chemistry for Functionalized Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaoning Normal University, 850 Huanghe Road, Dalian 116029, China
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Novel exploration of the flame retardant potential of 1-oxo-4-hydroxymethyl-2,6,7-trioxa-l-phosphabicyclo[2.2.2]octane-functionalized metallophthalocyanines in epoxy composites. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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3
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Phosphor nitrile functionalized UiO-66-NH2/graphene hybrid flame retardants for fire safety of epoxy. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.128093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Wang W, Wang Z. Facile synthesis of carbon microspheres/tin ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonate hybrid for improving the mechanical, flame‐retardant, and thermal properties of epoxy resin. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenduo Wang
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai China
| | - Zhengzhou Wang
- Department of Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials (Tongji University) Ministry of Education Shanghai China
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Zhang X, Jiang X, Qin W, Zhang K, Xin Z, Zhao S. Effect of the lanthanum and cerium phenylphosphonates on the crystallization and mechanical properties of isotactic polypropylene. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02486-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Liu W, Nie L, Luo L, Yue J, Gan L, Lu J, Huang J, Liu C. Enhanced dispersibility and uniform distribution of iron phosphonate to intensify its synergistic effect on polypropylene‐based intumescent flame‐retardant system. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft‐Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing Southwest University Chongqing People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Application Technology for 3D Printing Chongqing 400714 People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Nie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft‐Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing Southwest University Chongqing People's Republic of China
| | - Liehong Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft‐Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing Southwest University Chongqing People's Republic of China
| | - Junfeng Yue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft‐Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing Southwest University Chongqing People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Gan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft‐Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing Southwest University Chongqing People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Lu
- College of Food Science and Chemical Engineering Hubei University of Arts and Science Xiangyang 441053 People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft‐Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing Southwest University Chongqing People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Application Technology for 3D Printing Chongqing 400714 People's Republic of China
| | - Changhua Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft‐Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing Southwest University Chongqing People's Republic of China
- Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Application Technology for 3D Printing Chongqing 400714 People's Republic of China
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Baby A, Tretsiakova-McNally S, Arun M, Joseph P, Zhang J. Reactive and Additive Modifications of Styrenic Polymers with Phosphorus-Containing Compounds and Their Effects on Fire Retardance. Molecules 2020; 25:E3779. [PMID: 32825185 PMCID: PMC7504409 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Polystyrene, despite its high flammability, is widely used as a thermal insulation material for buildings, for food packaging, in electrical and automotive industries, etc. A number of modification routes have been explored to improve the fire retardance and boost the thermal stability of commercially important styrene-based polymeric products. The earlier strategies mostly involved the use of halogenated fire retardants. Nowadays, these compounds are considered to be persistent pollutants that are hazardous to public and environmental health. Many well-known halogen-based fire retardants, regardless of their chemical structures and modes of action, have been withdrawn from built environments in the European Union, USA, and Canada. This had triggered a growing research interest in, and an industrial demand for, halogen-free alternatives, which not only will reduce the flammability but also address toxicity and bioaccumulation issues. Among the possible options, phosphorus-containing compounds have received greater attention due to their excellent fire-retarding efficiencies and environmentally friendly attributes. Numerous reports were also published on reactive and additive modifications of polystyrene in different forms, particularly in the last decade; hence, the current article aims to provide a critical review of these publications. The authors mainly intend to focus on the chemistries of phosphorous compounds, with the P atom being in different chemical environments, used either as reactive, or additive, fire retardants in styrene-based materials. The chemical pathways and possible mechanisms behind the fire retardance are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aloshy Baby
- Belfast School of Architecture and the Built Environment, Ulster University, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, UK; (A.B.); (J.Z.)
| | - Svetlana Tretsiakova-McNally
- Belfast School of Architecture and the Built Environment, Ulster University, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, UK; (A.B.); (J.Z.)
| | - Malavika Arun
- Institute of Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne 8001, Victoria, Australia; (M.A.); (P.J.)
| | - Paul Joseph
- Institute of Sustainable Industries and Liveable Cities, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne 8001, Victoria, Australia; (M.A.); (P.J.)
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Belfast School of Architecture and the Built Environment, Ulster University, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, UK; (A.B.); (J.Z.)
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Gu L, Yu Q, Zhang L. Preparation and characterization of the halogen‐free, smoke suppression, organic–inorganic hybrid flame‐retardant expandable polystyrene materials. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Limin Gu
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical EngineeringHebei University of Science and Technology Shijiazhuang Hebei Province China
| | - Qian Yu
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical EngineeringHebei University of Science and Technology Shijiazhuang Hebei Province China
| | - Linya Zhang
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical EngineeringHebei University of Science and Technology Shijiazhuang Hebei Province China
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Wei YX, Deng C, Chen H, Wan L, Wei WC, Wang YZ. Novel Core-Shell Hybrid Nanosphere towards the Mechanical Enhancement and Fire Retardance of Polycarbonate. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:28036-28050. [PMID: 30052025 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b07629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
It is a huge challenge to achieve highly efficient fire retardance with no mechanical damage to polymers. In our current research, a novel core-shell titanium dioxide@diphenylphosphinic (TiO2@DPP) nanosphere was first synthesized through a hydrothermal reacting process, and applied in simultaneously enhancing the fire retardance and mechanical properties of polycarbonate (PC). The well-designed TiO2@DPP exhibited a significant effect on combustion performance and mechanical reinforcement of PC. At only 0.10 wt % of TiO2@DPP, PC/TiO2@DPP passed the UL-94 V-0 rating, and its oxygen index value rose to 29.3%. Moreover, the peak value of the heat release rate was remarkably decreased by 34.1% in the combustion test, accompanied by the formation of more compacted char layer and the release of more incombustible gas. Equally important another aspect is that the PC containing only 0.10 wt % of TiO2@DPP possessed higher elongation at break and higher tensile strength than pure PC, correspondingly increased by 27.7 and 14.7%. The analysis of the flame-retardant mechanism revealed that the improved fire retardance of PC is primarily ascribed to the barrier action of a cross-linking network containing phosphorus and titanium, the dilution of nonflammable gases such as H2O, and the quenching effect of free radicals which are from the phosphorous group in the gas phase. All these experimental results demonstrate that the core-shell hybrid TiO2@DPP may achieve a simultaneous significant improvement in fire retardance and mechanical properties of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Xia Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Center for Degradable and Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), Analytical and Testing Center , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
| | - Cong Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Center for Degradable and Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), Analytical and Testing Center , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
| | - Hong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Center for Degradable and Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), Analytical and Testing Center , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
| | - Le Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Center for Degradable and Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), Analytical and Testing Center , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
| | - Wen-Chao Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Center for Degradable and Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), Analytical and Testing Center , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
| | - Yu-Zhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Center for Degradable and Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), Analytical and Testing Center , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064 , China
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Alter C, Neumann B, Stammler H, Hoge B. Bis(diethylamino)pentafluorophenylphosphane as Valuable Precursor for the Design of Tetrafluorophenylphosphanes, Tetrafluorophenylphosphinic and ‐phosphonic Acids. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201701402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Alter
- Fakultät für Chemie Centrum für Molekulare Materialien Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Fakultät für Chemie Centrum für Molekulare Materialien Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Hans‐Georg Stammler
- Fakultät für Chemie Centrum für Molekulare Materialien Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Berthold Hoge
- Fakultät für Chemie Centrum für Molekulare Materialien Universität Bielefeld Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Germany
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