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Kumar N, Gupta SK, Yadav B. Optimisation of process parameters of a thermal digester for the rapid conversion of food waste into value-added soil conditioner. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2023; 41:1632-1648. [PMID: 37073807 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x231167078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A novel thermal digester for converting food waste (FW) into nutrient-rich soil conditioner was designed and explored. The process variables, that is, temperature, the volume of the digestion chamber and the rotational speed of the digester were optimised using response surface methodology (RSM). The study revealed that the digester temperature of 150°C and rotational speed of 40 RPM required minimum time (180 minutes) for attaining the equilibrium moisture with a minimum energy consumption of 0.218 kWh kg-1. The process resulted in 80 ± 2.5% reduction in total volume of the FW. Detailed characterisation revealed that the end product was comparable to the organic fertiliser as per the Fertiliser Association of India norms. The digestion helps in breakdown of cellulose content of FW into hemicellulose which supports formation of primary and secondary walls, seed storage carbohydrates, and facilitates plant growth. 1H-Nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectra of the end product revealed mineralisation of organics during digestion. Decrease in ultraviolet (UV) absorbance value at 280 nm also revealed the humification of the end product. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis disclosed extremely low crystallinity and non-recalcitrant nature of the end product. A low humification index value (HI-3.43), high fertilising index (FI-4.8), and clean index (CI-5.0) revealed that the end product could safely be utilised as an organic fertiliser. The cost-benefit analysis revealed that thermal digestion technique is profitable and economically viable with benefit-cost ratio (BCR) of 1.35. The study offers a unique approach for the rapid and hassle-free production of value-added soil conditioner from FW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Kumar
- Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Gupta
- Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India
| | - Brahmdeo Yadav
- Birsa Institute of Technology, Sindri, Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India
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Kumari R, Samadder SR. A critical review of the pre-processing and metals recovery methods from e-wastes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 320:115887. [PMID: 35933880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
E-wastes being potential sources of numerous valuable metals are promoted to undergo recycling and recovery under the umbrella of urban mining and circular economy. Thus, the present study provides a critical review of the technological details of different metal recycling processes, pre-treatment methods, and the advancements made in these techniques. Critical evaluation of different metal recovery techniques has also been presented based on the available life cycle assessment (LCA), techno-economic, and industrial-scale studies. The study revealed that the integrated metal recovery techniques serve better in terms of recovery efficiency and environmental performance than any single recovery technique. Also, scaling up of biometallurgical, electrochemical, and super critical fluid extraction methods needs to be promoted due to their better environmental performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Kumari
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826004, India.
| | - Sukha Ranjan Samadder
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826004, India.
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Arumugham T, K R, Hasan SW, Show PL, Rinklebe J, Banat F. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of plant phytochemicals for biological and environmental applications - A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 271:129525. [PMID: 33445028 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently, supercritical fluid CO2 extraction (SFE) has emerged as a promising and pervasive technology over conventional extraction techniques for various applications, especially for bioactive compounds extraction and environmental pollutants removal. In this context, temperature and pressure regulate the solvent density and thereby effects the yield, selectivity, and biological/therapeutic properties of the extracted components. However, the nature of plant matrices primarily determines the extraction mechanism based on either density or vapor pressure. The present review aims to cover the recent research and developments of SFE technique in the extraction of bioactive plant phytochemicals with high antioxidant, antibacterial, antimalarial, and anti-inflammatory activities, influencing parameters, process conditions, the investigations for improving the yield and selectivity. In another portion of this review focuses on the ecotoxicology and toxic metal recovery applications. Nonpolar properties of Sc-CO2 create strong solvent strength via distinct intermolecular interaction forces with micro-pollutants and toxic metal complexes. This results in efficient removal of these contaminants and makes SFE technology as a superior alternative for conventional solvent-based treatment methods. Moreover, a compelling assessment on the therapeutic, functional, and solvent properties of SFE is rarely focused, and hence this review would add significant value to the SFE based research studies. Furthermore, we mention the limitations and potential of future perspectives related to SFE applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanigaivelan Arumugham
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Rambabu K
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Shadi W Hasan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285, Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea.
| | - Fawzi Banat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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Shen H, Xie W, Zhao M, Su Z, Su X, Lin Z. Preparation of Graphene ‐ Like Carbon Composites (GCC) by Hummers Method Using Fly Ash as Carbon Source and Its Removal of Lead from Wastewater. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201904947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huanglin Shen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXinjiang Normal University. Urumqi Xinjiang 830054 China
- School of Environment and EnergySouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Wenyu Xie
- Faculty of Environmental Science and EngineeringGuangdong University of Petrochemical Technology Maoming 525000 China
| | - Mengqi Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXinjiang University Urumqi 830046 China
| | - Zhi Su
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXinjiang Normal University. Urumqi Xinjiang 830054 China
| | - Xintai Su
- School of Environment and EnergySouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Zhang Lin
- School of Environment and EnergySouth China University of Technology Guangzhou 510006 China
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Yousefzadeh S, Yaghmaeian K, Mahvi AH, Nasseri S, Alavi N, Nabizadeh R. Comparative analysis of hydrometallurgical methods for the recovery of Cu from circuit boards: Optimization using response surface and selection of the best technique by two-step fuzzy AHP-TOPSIS method. JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Huang X, Luo D, Zhao D, Li N, Xiao T, Liu J, Wei L, Liu Y, Liu L, Liu G. Distribution, Source and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal(oid)s in Water, Sediments, and Corbicula Fluminea of Xijiang River, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16101823. [PMID: 31126009 PMCID: PMC6572011 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16101823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A total of 43 water and sediment samples, and 34 Corbicula fluminea samples were collected in Xijiang River in southern China to determine the spatial distribution and sources of 12 metals/metalloids (V, Co, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mn, Zn, Cd, Pb, As, Sb, and Tl) and to assess the pollution levels and ecological risks of the pollutants. The results showed that the levels of the metals/metalloids (except for Tl) in the river water from almost all of the sampling sites met the Chinese national surface water quality standards. However, the concentrations of the metals/metalloids in the sediments exceeded the background values by a factor of 1.03–56.56 except for V, Co, and Mn, and the contents of Zn, Cd, and Pb in the Corbicula fluminea soft tissue exceeded the limits of the Chinese Category I food Quality Standards. The spatial distribution analysis showed that the concentrations of the contaminants in the lower reaches of Xijiang River were higher than in the upper reaches. The bioaccumulation factor (BAF), biota-sediment accumulation factor (BSF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo), and the potential ecological risk index (RI) were obtained to assess the pollution levels and ecological risks. The results indicated that Cu, Cd, and Zn were the most prone to bio-accumulation in the Corbicula fluminea soft tissue, and the lower reaches showed a much higher pollution level and risk than the upper reaches. The metals/metalloids in the sediments posed serious threat on the aquatic ecosystem, of which Cd, As, and Sb are the most risky contaminants. The results of principal component analysis (PCA) indicated Cr, Ni, Cu, Mn, Cd, Pb, and As in the sediments came from relevant industrial activities, and V and Co originated from natural sources, and Sb from mining activities, Zn and Tl came from industrial activities and mining activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexia Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Linköping University-Guangzhou University Research Center on Urban Sustainable Development, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Dinggui Luo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Linköping University-Guangzhou University Research Center on Urban Sustainable Development, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radionuclides Pollution Control and Resources, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Dongye Zhao
- Environmental Engineering Program, Department of Civil Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Ning Li
- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Environmental Monitoring Station, Nanning 530028, China.
| | - Tangfu Xiao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jingyong Liu
- Ecological Environment Information System and Big Data Research Team, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Lezhang Wei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Linköping University-Guangzhou University Research Center on Urban Sustainable Development, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Linköping University-Guangzhou University Research Center on Urban Sustainable Development, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Lirong Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Guowei Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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