1
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Lu CH, Chang C, Huang YC, You JX, Liang M. Synthesis and Characterization of DOPO-Containing Poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide)s by Oxidative Coupling Polymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:303. [PMID: 38276710 PMCID: PMC10818327 DOI: 10.3390/polym16020303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
A set of polyphenylene oxides incorporating DOPO (9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide) functionality, denoted as DOPO-R-PPO, was synthesized by copolymerization of 2,6-dimethylphenol (2,6-DMP) with various DOPO-substituted tetramethyl bisphenol monomers. In the initial step, a Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction was employed to react 2,6-DMP with different acyl chlorides, leading to the formation of ketone derivatives substituted with 2,6-dimethylphenyl groups. Subsequently, the ketones, along with DOPO and 2,6-DMP, underwent a condensation reaction to yield a series of DOPO-substituted bisphenol derivatives. Finally, polymerizations of 2,6-dimethylphenol with these DOPO-substituted bisphenols were carried out in organic solvents using copper(I) bromide/N-butyldimethylamine catalysts (CuBr/DMBA) under a continuous flow of oxygen, yielding telechelic PPO oligomers with DOPO moieties incorporated into the polymer backbone. The chemical structures of the synthesized compounds were characterized using various analytical techniques, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance (31P NMR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). When compared to conventional poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide)s with a similar molecular weight range, all DOPO-PPOs exhibited higher glass transition temperatures, enhanced thermal degradability, and increased char yield formation at 800 °C without compromising solubility in organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mong Liang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chia-Yi University, Chia-Yi 600, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (C.C.); (Y.-C.H.); (J.-X.Y.)
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2
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Pei M, Wei K, Zhang D, Qin S. Polylactic acid flame‐retardant composite preparation and investigation of flame‐retardant characteristics. POLYM ENG SCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.26251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Pei
- School of Chemical Engineering Guizhou Minzu University Guiyang China
| | - Ke Wei
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials Guiyang China
| | - Daohai Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering Guizhou Minzu University Guiyang China
| | - Shuhao Qin
- School of Chemical Engineering Guizhou Minzu University Guiyang China
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials Guiyang China
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3
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Xiang Y, Gao Y, Xu G, He M, Qin S, Yu J. Thermal degradation behavior and flame retardant properties of PET/DiDOPO conjugated flame retardant composites*. Front Chem 2022; 10:1018998. [PMID: 36277341 PMCID: PMC9586204 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1018998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PET/DIDOPO conjugated flame retardant composites were prepared by melt blending of styrene bridged DOPO (DIDOPO) into polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The flame retardancy, rheological behavior, and thermal degradation behavior of the composite were characterized by vertical combustion test (UL-94), limit oxygen index test (LOI), rotational rheometer, and thermogravimetry (TG). The results showed that the flame retardant composite with V-0 grade was obtained when the amount of DIDOPO is 12.5wt%, and the corresponding LOI value was 56.87% higher than that of PET. The thermogravimetry-fourier infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR) test results showed that DIDOPO could promote the degradation of PET/DIDOPO materials, and release phosphorus-containing free radicals to quench the flame, therefore slowing down the combustion process, and mainly playing the key flame retardant role in gas-phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushu Xiang
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials, Guiyang, China
| | - Yun Gao
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials, Guiyang, China
| | - Guomin Xu
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials, Guiyang, China
| | - Min He
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials, Guiyang, China
| | - Shuhao Qin
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Shuhao Qin, ; Jie Yu,
| | - Jie Yu
- College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Compounding and Modification of Polymer Materials, Guiyang, China
- *Correspondence: Shuhao Qin, ; Jie Yu,
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4
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Yang K, Liu Y, Zheng Z, Lu G, Tang Z, Chen X. Synthesis and thermal degradation mechanism of a semi-aromatic copolyamide from renewable sources. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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5
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Sun C, Zhang W, Cui Y, Liu D. Synthesis of phosphazene‐triazine bi‐base sulfonate and its applications in flame‐retardant modified polycarbonate. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuangchuang Sun
- School of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing China
- Nanjing Lihan Chemical Co., Ltd. Nanjing China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Nanjing Lihan Chemical Co., Ltd. Nanjing China
| | - Yihua Cui
- School of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing China
| | - Dongyue Liu
- School of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Nanjing China
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6
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Dai P, Liang M, Ma X, Luo Y, He M, Gu X, Gu Q, Hussain I, Luo Z. Highly Efficient, Environmentally Friendly Lignin-Based Flame Retardant Used in Epoxy Resin. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:32084-32093. [PMID: 33344863 PMCID: PMC7745397 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We prepared novel flame retardants with concurrent excellent smoke-suppression properties based on lignin biomass modified by functional groups containing N and P. Each lignin-based flame retardant (Lig) was quantitatively added to a fixed amount of epoxy resin (EP), to make a Lig/EP composite. The best flame retardancy was achieved by a Lig-F/EP composite with elevated P content, achieving a V-0 rating of the UL-94 test and exhibiting excellent smoke suppression, with substantial reduction of total heat release and smoke production (by 46.6 and 53%, respectively). In this work, we characterized the flame retardants and the retardant/EP composites, evaluated their performances, and proposed the mechanisms of flame retardancy and smoke suppression. The charring layer of the combustion residual was analyzed using SEM and Raman spectroscopy to support the proposed mechanisms. Our work provides a feasible method for lignin modification and applications of new lignin-based flame retardants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Dai
- College
of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Mengke Liang
- College
of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Ma
- College
of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
- Institute
of Polymer Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Yanlong Luo
- College
of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
- Institute
of Polymer Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Ming He
- College
of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
- Institute
of Polymer Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Gu
- College
of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry
University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Qun Gu
- Department
of Chemistry, Edinboro University of Pennsylvania, 230 Scotland Road, Edinboro, Pennsylvania 16444, United States
| | - Imtiaz Hussain
- College
of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyang Luo
- College
of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
- Institute
of Polymer Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
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7
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Meena M, Jacob J. Pentaerythritol derived phosphorous based bicyclic compounds as promising flame retardants for thermoplastic polyurethane films. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahipal Meena
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Delhi New Delhi India
| | - Josemon Jacob
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Delhi New Delhi India
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8
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Yang H, Yue H, Zhao X, Song M, Guo J, Cui Y, Fernández-Blázquez JP, Wang DY. Polycarbonate/Sulfonamide Composites with Ultralow Contents of Halogen-Free Flame Retardant and Desirable Compatibility. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E3656. [PMID: 32824969 PMCID: PMC7503750 DOI: 10.3390/ma13173656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel halogen-free flame retardant containing sulfonamide, 1,3,5,7-tetrakis (phenyl-4-sulfonamide) adamantane (FRSN) was synthesized and used for improving the flame retardancy of largely used polycarbonate (PC). The flame-retardant properties of the composites with incorporation of varied amounts of FRSN were analyzed by techniques including limited oxygen index, UL 94 vertical burning, and cone calorimeter tests. The new FR system with sulfur and nitrogen elements showed effective improvements in PC's flame retardancy: the LOI value of the modified PC increased significantly, smoke emission suppressed, and UL 94 V-0 achieved. Typically, the composite with only 0.08 wt% of FRSN added (an ultralow content) can increase the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value to 33.7% and classified as UL 94 V-0 rating. Furthermore, the mechanical properties and SEM morphology indicated that the FRSN has very good compatibility with PC matrix, which, in turn, is beneficial to the property enhancement. Finally, the analysis of sample residues after burning tests showed that a high portion of char was formed, contributing to the PC burning protection. This synthesized flame retardant provides a new way of improving PC's flame retardancy and its mechanical property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangfeng Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering & Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (H.Y.); (X.Z.); (M.S.); (Y.C.)
| | - Hangbo Yue
- School of Chemical Engineering & Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (H.Y.); (X.Z.); (M.S.); (Y.C.)
- Guangzhou Vocational and Technical University of Science and Technology, Guangzhou 510550, China
| | - Xi Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering & Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (H.Y.); (X.Z.); (M.S.); (Y.C.)
| | - Minzimo Song
- School of Chemical Engineering & Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (H.Y.); (X.Z.); (M.S.); (Y.C.)
| | - Jianwei Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering & Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (H.Y.); (X.Z.); (M.S.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yihua Cui
- School of Chemical Engineering & Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (H.Y.); (X.Z.); (M.S.); (Y.C.)
| | | | - De-Yi Wang
- IMDEA Materials Institute, c/Eric Kandel 2, 28906 Getafe, Madrid, Spain; (J.P.F.-B.); (D.-Y.W.)
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9
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Ai YF, Pang FQ, Xu YL, Jian RK. Multifunctional Phosphorus-Containing Triazolyl Amine toward Self-Intumescent Flame-Retardant and Mechanically Strong Epoxy Resin with High Transparency. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c01277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Fang Ai
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Oriented Chemical Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Fu-Qu Pang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Yan-Lian Xu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Rong-Kun Jian
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
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10
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Tan C, Liu X, Jia H, Zhao X, Chen J, Wang Z, Tan J. Practical Synthesis of Phosphinic Amides/Phosphoramidates through Catalytic Oxidative Coupling of Amines and P(O)-H Compounds. Chemistry 2019; 26:881-887. [PMID: 31625634 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report a highly efficient ZnI2 -triggered oxidative cross-coupling reaction of P(O)-H compounds and amines. This operationally simple protocol provides unprecedented generic access to phosphinic amides/phosphoramidate derivatives in good yields and short reaction time. Besides, the reaction proceeds under mild conditions, which avoids the use of hazardous reagents, and is applicable to scale-up syntheses as well as late-stage functionalization of drug molecules. The stereospecific coupling is also achieved from readily available optically enriched P(O)-H compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Tan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for, Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xinyuan Liu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for, Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Huanxin Jia
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for, Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowen Zhao
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for, Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for, Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry &, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis of, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China Institution, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jiajing Tan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for, Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
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11
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One-Step Synthesis of Highly Efficient Oligo(phenylphosphonic Dihydroxypropyl Silicone Oil) Flame Retardant for Polycarbonate. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11121977. [PMID: 31805702 PMCID: PMC6960659 DOI: 10.3390/polym11121977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A highly efficient flame retardant and smoke suppression oligomer, oligo(phenylphosphonic dihydroxypropyl silicone oil) (PPSO), was synthesized by a one-step reaction. The chemical structure of PPSO was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (31P NMR), and 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance (29Si NMR). The flame-retardant effect of PPSO on the polycarbonate (PC) matrix was investigated by limiting oxygen index, UL-94 vertical burning test, and cone calorimetry, respectively. The results showed that PC/PPSO composites passed UL-94 V-0 rate testing with only 1.3 wt. % PPSO. Furthermore, the incorporation of PPSO can suppress the release of smoke. The flame-retardant mechanism was also investigated via thermogravimetric analysis-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR), field-emission scanning electronic microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy. From the result of pyrolysis gas and char residue, PPSO played a synergistic flame-retardant mechanism including the gas phase and the condensed phase.
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12
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Chang BP, Thakur S, Mohanty AK, Misra M. Novel sustainable biobased flame retardant from functionalized vegetable oil for enhanced flame retardancy of engineering plastic. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15971. [PMID: 31685842 PMCID: PMC6828712 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52039-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The flame retardancy of an engineering plastic, poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT), with a biobased flame retardant (FR) made from phosphorylated linseed oil (PLO) and phosphorylated downstream corn oil (PCO) was studied. Different phosphorus moieties were incorporated into the vegetable oil backbone through a ring-opening reaction. The chemical structure of the phosphorylated oil was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear resonance magnetic (NMR) spectroscopy. It was found that the incorporation of only 7.5 wt% of PLO was sufficient to change the UL-94 fire class of PBT from non-rating to V-0. The flame-retardancy mechanism of the PBT/PLO blends was evaluated from TGA-FTIR analysis. The combined effects of the gas phase mechanism and the dripping tendency of the blends aided to retard the flame propagation effectively. As the synthesized PLO and PCO contained high free fatty acids, the acid-ester exchange reaction occurred in the blends to form oligomers during the ignition. As a result, the blend dripped immediately and the drips carried all the heat to prevent fire. This work suggests that this sustainable biobased FR could be a desirable alternative to halogen-based FRs for PBT and other engineering polymers to develop more environmentally friendly FR products for various future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boon Peng Chang
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science Building, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Suman Thakur
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science Building, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Amar K Mohanty
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science Building, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.
- School of Engineering, Thornbrough Building, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Manjusri Misra
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science Building, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.
- School of Engineering, Thornbrough Building, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashid Nazir
- Additives and Chemistry Group, Advanced FibersEmpa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology St. Gallen Switzerland
| | - Sabyasachi Gaan
- Additives and Chemistry Group, Advanced FibersEmpa Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology St. Gallen Switzerland
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14
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Lin J, Li J, Li X, Guan Y, Wang G, Chen L. Flame retardancy and toughening modification of glass fiber-reinforced polycarbonate composites. Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-019-0181-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Wen W, Guo J, Zhao X, Li X, Yang H, Chen JK. Synthesis of an Efficient S/N-Based Flame Retardant and Its Application in Polycarbonate. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E441. [PMID: 30966476 PMCID: PMC6415229 DOI: 10.3390/polym10040441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the poor compatibility and water-resistance of sulfonate flame retardants for polycarbonate (PC), an efficient S/N-based flame retardant named 1,3,5,7-tetrakis(phenyl-4-sulfonyl-melamine)adamantane (ASN) has been developed. Fire properties studies of PC/ASN blends indicate that the addition of 0.10 wt % ASN imparts a V-0 rating and a limited oxygen index (LOI) value of 30.1% to PC specimens, and ASN can suppress the heat and toxic gas release of PC composites. Additionally, PC/ASN blends are believed to be exceptional materials for outdoor PC applications due to their superior water-resistance properties. Moreover, mechanical properties were further systematically investigated, and the correlative results indicate that the tensile strength and rigidity of specimens are improved with the addition of ASN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiu Wen
- School of Chemical Engineering & Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43, Sec. 4, Keelung Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Jianwei Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering & Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Xi Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering & Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Xiong Li
- School of Chemical Engineering & Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Hongmei Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering & Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jem-Kun Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43, Sec. 4, Keelung Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
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