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Song L, Chi W, Hao Y, Ren J, Yang B, Cong F, Li Y, Yu L, Li X, Wang Y. Improving the properties of polylactic acid/polypropylene carbonate blends through cardanol-induced compatibility enhancement. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128886. [PMID: 38141698 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Cardanol (CD) is used as a reactive compatibilizer, and blended with polylactic acid (PLA) and polypropylene carbonate (PPC) resin (70/30(w/w)) to obtain a series of PLA/PPC/CD blends. The systematic study was conducted on the thermal properties, optical properties, rheological properties, mechanical properties, and microscopic morphology of the blend, by varying amounts of CD added to the blends. A detailed explanation and comprehensive analysis of the reaction mechanism between CD and PLA/PPC have been made. The study found that CD acts as a "bridge" between the PLA and PPC, forming the structure of a block copolymer (PLA-b-CD-b-PPC), and the copolymer can greatly improve the compatibility of PLA and PPC. When the amount of CD reaches 8 wt%, only one Tg is observed in the blend, simultaneously, PLA/PPC has already transitioned from a partially compatible system to a completely compatible system. At the same time, the addition of CD does not have any negative impact on the thermal stability of the PLA/PPC blend under processing temperature conditions, and the thermal stability of the PLA/PPC/CD blends can even be improved under extreme conditions. In addition, the addition of CD allows the PLA/PPC/CD blends to maintain a high light transmittance while reducing the opacity of the blend (the light transmittance remains above 92 %, and the opacity is reduced from 37 % to about 24 %), demonstrating excellent optical properties. Moreover, the elongation at break and impact strength of the PLA/PPC/CD blend both show a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the increase of CD amount. When the CD amount varies within the range of 6- 8 wt%, the blends undergoes a brittle-ductile transition, and its toughness is greatly improved while the rigidity can also meet practical needs. When the amount of CD in the system increases to 12 wt%, the toughness of the blend reaches its peak, and its elongation at break and impact strength reach 513.24 % and 9211.5 J/m2 respectively (increased to 2442.84 % and 270.73 % of the PLA/PPC blend). Concurrently, the fracture surface of the blend exhibits large-scale plastic flow in the direction of the applied force, with marked shear yield phenomena, showing obvious characteristics of tough fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Song
- Polymer High Functional Film Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, China; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China.
| | - Weihan Chi
- Polymer High Functional Film Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, China; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Yongsheng Hao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Jiannan Ren
- AVIC Shenyang Aircraft Corporation, Shenyang 110850, China
| | - Bing Yang
- Polymer High Functional Film Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, China; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Fei Cong
- Polymer High Functional Film Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, China; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Yongchao Li
- Polymer High Functional Film Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, China; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Lingxiao Yu
- Polymer High Functional Film Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, China; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Xianliang Li
- Polymer High Functional Film Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, China; College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Yuanxia Wang
- Polymer High Functional Film Engineering Research Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110142, China.
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Song L, Chi W, Zhang Q, Ren J, Yang B, Cong F, Li Y, Wang W, Li X, Wang Y. Improvement of properties of polylactic acid/polypropylene carbonate blends using epoxy soybean oil as an efficient compatibilizer. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127407. [PMID: 37832613 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) was used as a compatibilizer and blended with polylactic acid (PLA) and polypropylene carbonate (PPC) resin to prepare a series of PLA/PPC/ESO blends with varying compositions. The influence of the variation in the amount of ESO added to the blend system on the thermal properties, optical properties, rheological properties, mechanical properties, and microscopic morphology of the blends was studied. The research indicates that ESO can react with PLA and PPC to form a chemical bond interface, which improves the compatibility of PLA and PPC to a certain extent. With the increase in the amount of ESO added to the blend (1- 5 phr), the complete decomposition temperature, storage modulus, loss modulus, complex viscosity, notched impact strength, and elongation at break of the blend all show a trend of continuous increase. At the same time, the melt flow rate, light transmittance, and tensile strength of the blend do not show significant fluctuations. When the amount of ESO in the system is 5 phr, compared with the PLA/PPC blend, the notched impact strength and elongation at break of the PLA/PPC/ESO blend increase from 4270.3 J/m2, 43.89 % to 8560.4 J/m2, 211.28 %, respectively, and its tensile strength and transmittance still remain around 63 MPa, 92 %. This improves the toughness of the blend while maintaining its rigidity, demonstrating excellent mechanical and optical properties. At this time, the microscopic morphology of the fracture surface of the impact sample also shows obvious characteristics of tough fracture. However, when the amount of ESO added to the blend is excessive (6 phr), the compatibility of the blending system decreases, which will degrade the performance of the blending material and ultimately destroy the phase morphology of the blend and reduce its mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Song
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China.
| | - Weihan Chi
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Jiannan Ren
- AVIC Shenyang Aircraft Corporation, Shenyang 110850, China
| | - Bing Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Fei Cong
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Yongchao Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Xianliang Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Yuanxia Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
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Ding Y, Ma H, Liu X, Qin S, Liu J, Qu G, Bai Y, Zhao L. Improvement of the mechanical and shape memory properties in polylactide/polyethylene glycol blends by reactive graphene oxide. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127346. [PMID: 37832621 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The widespread application of biodegradable polylactide (PLA) is hindered by its brittleness. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is commonly utilized as a plasticizer because of its favorable compatibility with PLA. However, the incorporation of PEG considerably diminishes the tensile strength of PLA. To address this issue, reactive isocyanate-modified graphene oxide (mGO) was synthesized and used as an enhancer in PLA/PEG blends. By virtue of the reaction between the isocyanate group in mGO and the terminal hydroxyl groups of PLA and PEG, graphene-based polyurethane (PU) in-situ formed and enhanced the interface between GO and the matrix. Consequently, the PLA/PEG/mGO composites exhibit simultaneously improved tensile and impact strengths, achieving an increase of 20.6% and 29.4%, respectively, compared to PLA/PEG blends. Moreover, the in situ formed PU reduces the relaxation time of the molecule motion and improved the entanglement density, thereby improving the shape-memory recovery rate and final recovery degree of the composites. This work provides a facile method to simultaneously improve the dispersion of GO and enhance its interface with polymer, thereby supplying well comprehensive properties of PLA and extending the applications of biodegradable polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ding
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Haotian Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Shengxue Qin
- College of mechanical and electronic engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Jie Liu
- College of mechanical and electronic engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Guanhang Qu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Yaozong Bai
- Sinoma lithium Battery Separator Co. Ltd, Zaozhuang 277599, China
| | - Lifen Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China.
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Guo L, Xu Y, Zhang X, Hu GH. In-situ compatibilization of polyamide 6/polycarbonate blends through interfacial localization of silica nanoparticles. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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Jiang G, Zhang J, Ding J, Chen Y. Design of
PLA
/
ENR
thermoplastic vulcanizates with balanced stiffness‐toughness based on rubber reinforcement and selective distribution of modified silica. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Jiang
- College of Material Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Jiahao Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Jianping Ding
- College of Material Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Yukun Chen
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou China
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Dong X, Liu L, Wang Y, Li T, Wu Z, Yuan H, Ma P, Shi D, Chen M, Dong W. The compatibilization of poly (propylene carbonate)/poly (lactic acid) blends in presence of core-shell starch nanoparticles. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 254:117321. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Tang Y, Tian QF, Liu YL, Wang YP, Li XH, Zhang ZJ, Ding T. Application of carboxylated ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer-modified nanosilica in tire tread rubber. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-020-00843-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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8
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Preparation of chlorinated poly(propylene carbonate) and its effects on the mechanical properties of poly(propylene carbonate)/starch blends as a compatibilizer. Polym Bull (Berl) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-019-02762-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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9
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Ai X, Wang D, Li X, Pan H, Kong J, Yang H, Zhang H, Dong L. The properties of chemical cross-linked poly(lactic acid) by bis(tert-butyl dioxy isopropyl) benzene. Polym Bull (Berl) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-018-2351-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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10
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Nematollahi M, Jalali-Arani A, Modarress H. High-performance bio-based poly(lactic acid)/natural rubber/epoxidized natural rubber blends: effect of epoxidized natural rubber on microstructure, toughness and static and dynamic mechanical properties. POLYM INT 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Nematollahi
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology; Amirkabir University of Technology; Tehran Iran
| | - Azam Jalali-Arani
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology; Amirkabir University of Technology; Tehran Iran
| | - Hamid Modarress
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Amirkabir University of Technology; Tehran Iran
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