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Fulignati S, Di Fidio N, Antonetti C, Raspolli Galletti AM, Licursi D. Challenges and Opportunities in the Catalytic Synthesis of Diphenolic Acid and Evaluation of Its Application Potential. Molecules 2023; 29:126. [PMID: 38202709 PMCID: PMC10779658 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Diphenolic acid, or 4,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)pentanoic acid, represents one of the potentially most interesting bio-products obtainable from the levulinic acid supply-chain. It represents a valuable candidate for the replacement of bisphenol A, which is strongly questioned for its toxicological issues. Diphenolic acid synthesis involves the condensation reaction between phenol and levulinic acid and requires the presence of a Brønsted acid as a catalyst. In this review, the state of the art related to the catalytic issues of its synthesis have been critically discussed, with particular attention to the heterogeneous systems, the reference benchmark being represented by the homogeneous acids. The main opportunities in the field of heterogeneous catalysis are deeply discussed, as well as the bottlenecks to be overcome to facilitate diphenolic acid production on an industrial scale. The regioselectivity of the reaction is a critical point because only the p,p'-isomer is of industrial interest; thus, several strategies aiming at the improvement of the selectivity towards this isomer are considered. The future potential of adopting alkyl levulinates, instead of levulinic acid, as starting materials for the synthesis of new classes of biopolymers, such as new epoxy and phenolic resins and polycarbonates, is also briefly considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Fulignati
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (S.F.); (N.D.F.); (C.A.); (D.L.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Reattività Chimica e Catalisi (CIRCC), Via Celso Ulpiani 27, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Di Fidio
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (S.F.); (N.D.F.); (C.A.); (D.L.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Reattività Chimica e Catalisi (CIRCC), Via Celso Ulpiani 27, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Claudia Antonetti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (S.F.); (N.D.F.); (C.A.); (D.L.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Reattività Chimica e Catalisi (CIRCC), Via Celso Ulpiani 27, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Raspolli Galletti
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (S.F.); (N.D.F.); (C.A.); (D.L.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Reattività Chimica e Catalisi (CIRCC), Via Celso Ulpiani 27, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico Licursi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Giuseppe Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (S.F.); (N.D.F.); (C.A.); (D.L.)
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Reattività Chimica e Catalisi (CIRCC), Via Celso Ulpiani 27, 70126 Bari, Italy
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2
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Gomez-Lopez A, Grignard B, Calvo I, Detrembleur C, Sardon H. Accelerating the Curing of Hybrid Poly(Hydroxy Urethane)-Epoxy Adhesives by the Thiol-Epoxy Chemistry. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2022; 4:8786-8794. [PMID: 36532887 PMCID: PMC9745729 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.2c01195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The polyaddition between dicyclic carbonates and diamines leading to poly(hydroxy urethane)s (PHUs) has emerged as the preferred method for the synthesis of green, non-isocyanate polyurethanes. However, when proposed for use as structural adhesives, the long times for completion of aminolysis of the 5-membered cyclic carbonates under ambient conditions force the use of complementary chemistries to accelerate the curing process. In this work, a system that combines an amino-terminated PHU (NH2-PHU-NH2), an epoxy resin, and a thiol compound was employed to develop high-shear strength PHU-epoxy hybrid adhesives able to cure at room temperature in short times. A NH2-PHU-NH2 prepolymer synthesized by using a sub-stoichiometric quantity of dicyclic carbonates was mixed with a bisphenol A-based epoxy resin for the preparation of the structural adhesive. While this adhesive showed good lap-shear strength and shear resistance under static load and temperature, the curing process was slow. In order to speed up the curing process, a thiol (trimethylolpropane tris(3-mercapto propionate)) was added and its impact on the curing process as well as on the adhesive properties was evaluated. The trifunctional thiol additive allowed for faster curing in the presence of the 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine basic catalyst. Moreover, a combination of NH2-PHU-NH2 and the thiol as curing agents for the epoxy resin resulted in adhesives with superior toughness, without any deterioration of the ultimate lap-shear strength or shear resistance under load and temperature, making these adhesives suitable for high-demand applications in the automotive industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Gomez-Lopez
- POLYMAT
and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry
and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University
of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Bruno Grignard
- Center
for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research
Unit, University of Liège, allée du 6 août, Building
B6A, Agora Square, 4000Liège, Belgium
| | - Iñigo Calvo
- R&D
Department, ORIBAY Group Automotive S.L., Portuetxe bidea 18, 20018Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Christophe Detrembleur
- Center
for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research
Unit, University of Liège, allée du 6 août, Building
B6A, Agora Square, 4000Liège, Belgium
| | - Haritz Sardon
- POLYMAT
and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry
and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University
of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
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3
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Mechanism of transfer hydrogenation of carbonyl compounds by zirconium and hafnium-containing metal-organic frameworks. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2022.112247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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4
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Liu W, Hang G, Mei H, Li L, Zheng S. Nanocomposites of Polyhydroxyurethane with POSS Microdomains: Synthesis via Non-Isocyanate Approach, Morphologies and Reprocessing Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14071331. [PMID: 35406205 PMCID: PMC9002781 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In this contribution, we reported the synthesis of a novel trifunctional POSS cyclic carbonate [POSS-3(5CC)]. With a difunctional five-member cyclic carbonate and a trifunctional polyetheramine as the precursor, the nanocomposites of polyhydroxyurethane (PHU) with POSS were synthesized. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the nanocomposites of PHUs with POSS were microphase-separated; the spherical POSS microdomains via POSS-POSS interactions were generated with the size of 20~40 nm in diameter. After the introduction of POSS microdomains, the nanocomposites displayed improved thermal and mechanical properties. More importantly, the nanocomposites still displayed the reprocessing properties of vitrimers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lei Li
- Correspondence: (L.L.); (S.Z.)
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5
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Bowman L, Younes GR, Marić M. Effects of Poly(propylene glycol)‐based Triamine on the Sol/gel Curing and Properties of Hybrid Non‐Isocyanate Polyurethanes. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.202100055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Louis‐Paul Bowman
- Department of Chemical Engineering McGill University Montreal Quebec H3A 0C5 Canada
| | - Georges R. Younes
- Department of Chemical Engineering McGill University Montreal Quebec H3A 0C5 Canada
| | - Milan Marić
- Department of Chemical Engineering McGill University Montreal Quebec H3A 0C5 Canada
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6
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Shi M, Yang J, Wang X. Preparation castor oil-modified high bio-based waterborne polyurethane and its application. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02719-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Gomez-Lopez A, Panchireddy S, Grignard B, Calvo I, Jerome C, Detrembleur C, Sardon H. Poly(hydroxyurethane) Adhesives and Coatings: State-of-the-Art and Future Directions. ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING 2021; 9:9541-9562. [PMID: 35692866 PMCID: PMC9173693 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.1c02558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Polyurethane (PU) adhesives and coatings are widely used to fabricate high-quality materials due to their excellent properties and their versatile nature, which stems from the wide range of commercially available polyisocyanate and polyol precursors. This polymer family has traditionally been used in a wide range of adhesive applications including the bonding of footwear soles, bonding of wood (flooring) to concrete (subflooring), in the automotive industry for adhering different car parts, and in rotor blades, in which large surfaces are required to be adhered. Moreover, PUs are also frequently applied as coatings/paints for automotive finishes and can be applied over a wide range of substrates such as wood, metal, plastic, and textiles. One of the major drawbacks of this polymer family lies in the use of toxic isocyanate-based starting materials. In the context of the REACH regulation, which places restrictions on the use of substances containing free isocyanates, it is now urgent to find greener routes to PUs. While non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs) based on the polyaddition of poly(cyclic carbonate)s to polyamines have emerged in the past decade as greener alternatives to conventional PUs, their industrial implementation is at an early stage of development. In this review article, recent advances in the application of NIPUs in the field of adhesives and coatings are summarized. The article also draws attention to the opportunities and challenges of implementing NIPUs at the industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Gomez-Lopez
- POLYMAT
and Polymer Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Satyannarayana Panchireddy
- Center
for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research
Unit, University of Liège, allée du 6 août, Building
B6A, Agora Square, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Bruno Grignard
- Center
for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research
Unit, University of Liège, allée du 6 août, Building
B6A, Agora Square, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Inigo Calvo
- ORIBAY
Group Automotive S.L. R&D Department, Portuetxe bidea 18, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Christine Jerome
- Center
for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research
Unit, University of Liège, allée du 6 août, Building
B6A, Agora Square, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Christophe Detrembleur
- Center
for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research
Unit, University of Liège, allée du 6 août, Building
B6A, Agora Square, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- E-mail: . Tel.: +3243663465
| | - Haritz Sardon
- POLYMAT
and Polymer Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- E-mail: . Tel.: +34943015303
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8
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Younes GR, Maric M. Increasing the Hydrophobicity of Hybrid Poly(propylene glycol)-Based Polyhydroxyurethanes by Capping with Hydrophobic Diamine. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c01293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georges R. Younes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Milan Maric
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C5, Canada
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9
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Dutta S, Bhat NS. Recent Advances in the Value Addition of Biomass‐Derived Levulinic Acid: A Review Focusing on its Chemical Reactivity Patterns. ChemCatChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202100032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Dutta
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Karnataka Surathkal Mangalore 575025 India
| | - Navya Subray Bhat
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Karnataka Surathkal Mangalore 575025 India
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10
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11
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Sternberg J, Sequerth O, Pilla S. Green chemistry design in polymers derived from lignin: review and perspective. Prog Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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12
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Li L, Ge W, Zhao B, Adeel M, Mei H, Zheng S. Polyhydroxyurethane thermosets from novolac epoxide: Synthesis and its nanostructured blends with poly(trifluoroethylacrylate)-block-poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) diblock copolymer. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.123314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Ma X, Chen J, Zhu J, Yan N. Lignin-Based Polyurethane: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 42:e2000492. [PMID: 33205584 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polyurethane (PU), as a polymer material with versatile product forms and excellent performance, is used in coatings, elastomers, adhesives, and foams widely. However, the raw materials (polyols and isocyanates) of PU are usually made using petroleum-derived chemicals. With the concern for depletion of petroleum resources and the associated negative impact on the environment, developing technologies that can use renewable raw materials as feedstock has become a research hotspot. Lignin, as an abundant, natural, and renewable organic carbon resource, has been explored as raw material for making polyurethanes because it possesses rich hydroxyl groups on its surface. Meanwhile, compared to vegetable oils, lignin does not compete with food supply and performance of the resulting products is superior. Lignin or modified lignin has been shown to impart the polyurethane material with additional functionalities, such as UV-blocking ability, hydrophobicity, and flame retardancy. However, the utilization of lignin has encountered some challenges, such as product isolation, heterogeneity, aggregation, steric hindrance, and low activity. This paper summarizes recent research progress on utilizing lignin and modified lignin for bio-based polyurethane synthesis with a focus on elastomers and foams. Opportunities and challenges for application of the lignin-based polyurethanes in various fields are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Ma
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ning Yan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 3B3, Canada
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14
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Tryznowski M, Żołek-Tryznowska Z. Surface Properties of Poly(Hydroxyurethane)s Based on Five-Membered Bis-Cyclic Carbonate of Diglycidyl Ether of Bisphenol A. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13225184. [PMID: 33212833 PMCID: PMC7698458 DOI: 10.3390/ma13225184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Poly(hydroxyurethane)s (PHU) are alternatives for conventional polyurethanes due to the use of bis-cyclic dicarbonates and diamines instead of harmful and toxic isocyanates. However, the surface properties of poly(hydroxyurethane)s are not well known. In this work, we focus on the analysis of the surface properties of poly(hydroxyurethane) coatings. Poly(hydroxyurethane)s were obtained by a catalyst-free method from commercially available carbonated diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (Epidian 6 epoxy resins) and various diamines: ethylenediamine, trimethylenediamine, putrescine, hexamethylenediamine, 2,2,4(2,4,4)-trimethyl-1,6-hexanediamine, m-xylylenediamine, 1,8-diamino-3,6-dioxaoctane, 4,7,10-trioxa-1,13-tridecanediamine, and isophorone diamine, using a non-isocyanate route. The structures of the obtained polymers were confirmed by FT-IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses were performed. The rheological characteristic of the obtained polymers is presented. The static contact angles of water, diidomethane, and formamide, deposited on PHU coatings, were measured. From the measured contact angles, the surface free energy was calculated using two different approaches: Owens-Wendt and van Oss-Chaudhury-Good. Moreover, the wetting envelopes of PHU coatings were plotted, which enables the prediction of the wetting effect of various solvents. The results show that in the investigated coatings, a mainly dispersive interaction occurs.
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15
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Wan J, Zhao J, Zhang X, Fan H, Zhang J, Hu D, Jin P, Wang DY. Epoxy thermosets and materials derived from bio-based monomeric phenols: Transformations and performances. Prog Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Bizet B, Grau É, Cramail H, Asua JM. Water-based non-isocyanate polyurethane-ureas (NIPUUs). Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00427h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review aims at discussing the achievements and the remaining challenges in the development of water-soluble NIPUUs, NIPUUs-based hydrogels and water-borne NIPUU dispersions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Bizet
- LCPO – UMR 5629
- Université de Bordeaux – CNRS – Bordeaux INP
- 33607 Pessac
- France
- POLYMAT
| | - Étienne Grau
- LCPO – UMR 5629
- Université de Bordeaux – CNRS – Bordeaux INP
- 33607 Pessac
- France
| | - Henri Cramail
- LCPO – UMR 5629
- Université de Bordeaux – CNRS – Bordeaux INP
- 33607 Pessac
- France
| | - José M. Asua
- POLYMAT
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU
- Joxe Mari Korta Center
- 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián
- Spain
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17
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Kundu A, De GC, Ghosh S. Green Synthesis of Novel Polyesterurethane Materials from Epoxides and Carbon Dioxide by New Set of One-Dimensional Coordination Polymer Catalyst. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:14074-14084. [PMID: 31497726 PMCID: PMC6714527 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Two novel polyesterurethane materials, PEU1 and PEU2, were synthesized via nontoxic and isocyanate-free route by simple conversion of two epoxides 1,2-epoxy-3-phenoxy propane (2) and styrene epoxide (3) utilizing CO2. Epoxides 2 and 3 were converted to the respective cyclic carbonates 4 and 5 by a new set of cobalt-based catalyst 1a in the presence of 10 bar of CO2 and 80 °C temperature without using cocatalyst tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB). The mechanistic pathway of the catalysis reaction for the cycloaddition of epoxides with CO2 to generate the cyclic carbonates was investigated by several spectroscopic techniques and utilizing analogous zinc-based 1D coordination polymer 1b, which does not act as an efficient catalyst in the absence of TBAB. Cyclic carbonates 4 and 5 were converted to the respective polyesterurethanes PEU1 and PEU2 sequentially by first synthesizing the ring-opened diols 6 and 7 reacting with ethylenediamine and subsequently annealing the respective diols 6 and 7 at 120 °C in the presence of terepthalyl chloride and triethylamine. The polyesterurethanes PEU1 and PEU2 were characterized by multinuclear NMR and FTIR. PEU1 was also characterized by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The thermal studies of PEU1 and PEU2 showed the stability up to 200-270 °C. The number-average and weight-average molecular weights were determined for PEU1 and PEU2 by GPC analysis. The weight-average molecular weight for PEU1 was found to be 5948 with a polydispersity of 1.1, and PEU2 showed the weight-average molecular weight as 4224 with a polydispersity of 1.06.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunangshu Kundu
- Department
of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam 781014, India
| | - Gobinda Chandra De
- Department
of Chemistry, Cooch Behar Panchanan Barma
University, Cooch Behar, West Bengal 736101, India
| | - Sushobhan Ghosh
- Department
of Chemistry, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam 781014, India
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18
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Sukumaran Nair A, Cherian S, Balachandran N, Panicker UG, Kalamblayil Sankaranarayanan SK. Hybrid Poly(hydroxy urethane)s: Folded-Sheet Morphology and Thermoreversible Adhesion. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:13042-13051. [PMID: 31460431 PMCID: PMC6705089 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid poly(hydroxy urethane)s (PHUs) are synthesized by copolymerizing aromatic/alicyclic cyclic carbonates with a polyether amine via addition polymerization. They result into polymers with an average molecular weight of 10 kDa and exhibit solubility in common organic solvents. The hybrid PHUs display T g up to 18 °C. PHUs are enriched with multiple H-bonded interactions and they are assessed using temperature-dependent 1H NMR and Fourier-transform infrared studies. PHUs possess folded-sheet morphology with nanogap between folds and nanowidth between chains. The secondary interactions bestow thermoreversible property to PHUs, and they display good adhesion to both polar (Al-Al) and nonpolar (HDPE-HDPE) substrates. Hybrid PHUs show improved optical transparency compared to homo PHUs. The PHUs are thermally stable up to 250 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anitha Sukumaran Nair
- Polymers
and Special Chemicals Group and Analytical, Spectroscopy and Ceramics
Group, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram 695022, India
| | - Suchithra Cherian
- Polymers
and Special Chemicals Group and Analytical, Spectroscopy and Ceramics
Group, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram 695022, India
| | - Nisha Balachandran
- Polymers
and Special Chemicals Group and Analytical, Spectroscopy and Ceramics
Group, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre, Thiruvananthapuram 695022, India
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19
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Yadav N, Seidi F, Crespy D, D'Elia V. Polymers Based on Cyclic Carbonates as Trait d'Union Between Polymer Chemistry and Sustainable CO 2 Utilization. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:724-754. [PMID: 30565849 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201802770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Given the large amount of anthropogenic CO2 emissions, it is advantageous to use CO2 as feedstock for the fabrication of everyday products, such as fuels and materials. An attractive way to use CO2 in the synthesis of polymers is by the formation of five-membered cyclic organic carbonate monomers (5CCs). The sustainability of this synthetic approach is increased by using scaffolds prepared from renewable resources. Indeed, recent years have seen the rise of various types of carbonate syntheses and applications. 5CC monomers are often polymerized with diamines to yield polyhydroxyurethanes (PHU). Foams are developed from this type of polymers; moreover, the additional hydroxyl groups in PHU, absent in classical polyurethanes, lead to coatings with excellent adhesive properties. Furthermore, carbonate groups in polymers offer the possibility of post-functionalization, such as curing reactions under mild conditions. Finally, the polarity of carbonate groups is remarkably high, so polymers with carbonates side-chains can be used as polymer electrolytes in batteries or as conductive membranes. The target of this Review is to highlight the multiple opportunities offered by polymers prepared from and/or containing 5CCs. Firstly, the preparation of several classes of 5CCs is discussed with special focus on the sustainability of the synthetic routes. Thereafter, specific classes of polymers are discussed for which the use and/or presence of carbonate moieties is crucial to impart the targeted properties (foams, adhesives, polymers for energy applications, and other functional materials).
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Yadav
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering,School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi institute of Science and Technology, 21210,Payupnai,Wangchan, Rayong, Thailand
| | - Farzad Seidi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering,School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi institute of Science and Technology, 21210,Payupnai,Wangchan, Rayong, Thailand
| | - Daniel Crespy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering,School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi institute of Science and Technology, 21210,Payupnai,Wangchan, Rayong, Thailand
| | - Valerio D'Elia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering,School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi institute of Science and Technology, 21210,Payupnai,Wangchan, Rayong, Thailand
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Fortman DJ, Snyder RL, Sheppard DT, Dichtel WR. Rapidly Reprocessable Cross-Linked Polyhydroxyurethanes Based on Disulfide Exchange. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:1226-1231. [PMID: 35651259 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Polymer networks that are cross-linked by dynamic covalent bonds often sacrifice the robust mechanical properties of traditional thermosets in exchange for rapid and efficient reprocessability. Polyurethanes are attractive materials for reprocessable cross-linked polymers because of their excellent mechanical properties, widespread use, and ease of synthesis, but their syntheses typically rely on harmful isocyanate precursors. Polyhydroxyurethanes (PHUs), derived from amines and cyclic carbonates, are promising alternatives to traditional polyurethanes. PHU networks are reprocessable via transcarbamoylation reactions even in the absence of external catalysts, but this process occurs over hours at temperatures above 150 °C. We have dramatically shortened the reprocessing times of PHU networks by incorporating dynamic disulfide bonds. Using cystamine as a comonomer gives materials with similar thermal stability and mechanical properties to other rigid cross-linked PHUs. Despite their excellent mechanical properties, these materials show rapid stress relaxation and have characteristic relaxation times as low as 30 s at 150 °C. This property enables reprocessing with quantitative recovery of cross-link density as measured by DMTA after only 30 min of elevated-temperature compression molding. Disulfide incorporation is a promising approach to obtain reprocessable, cross-linked PHU resins that are not derived from isocyanates.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Fortman
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Baker Laboratory, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Rachel L. Snyder
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Baker Laboratory, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Daylan T. Sheppard
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - William R. Dichtel
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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