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Fang H, He Y, Li Y, Du J. A Study on the Preparation of a Vulcanizing Mixture and Its Application in Natural Rubber Latex. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1256. [PMID: 38732724 PMCID: PMC11085568 DOI: 10.3390/polym16091256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The traditional preparation process of natural rubber latex requires tedious treatment of a variety of rubber additives. In this paper, a new process of wet mixed grinding was used to prepare a reinforced vulcanization mixture and a rapid vulcanization effect. The effect of different amounts of vulcanization mixtures on the mechanical properties of natural latex film was studied, and the pre-vulcanization process of latex and the vulcanization process of film were optimized. The results showed that with the increase in the amount of vulcanization mixture, the tensile strength increased from 5.96 MPa to 29.28 MPa, and the tear strength increased from 7.59 kN/m to 52.81 kN/m. When the vulcanization temperature of the latex film is heated from 80 °C to 100 °C, the vulcanization time is shortened by 5~6 times. The new vulcanization mixture prepared in this work has the characteristics of simple production and fast vulcanization speed, which provides a new solution for the development of the latex product industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jie Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (H.F.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.)
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2
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Sahu P, Oh JS. Biobased Elastomer from Renewable Biomass β-Farnesene: Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pranabesh Sahu
- Department of Materials Engineering and Convergence Technology, RIGET, Gyeongsang National University, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Seok Oh
- Department of Materials Engineering and Convergence Technology, RIGET, Gyeongsang National University, 501, Jinju-daero, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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3
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Jiang Y, Zhang Z, Li S, Cui D. Coordination Polymerization of Renewable (E)‐4,
8‐Dimethyl
‐1,3,
7‐Nonatriene
by
Rare‐Earth
Metal Catalysts. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202200140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China. Hefei 230026 China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Jilin University Changchun 130022 China
| | - Shihui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China. Hefei 230026 China
| | - Dongmei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China. Hefei 230026 China
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4
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Banda-Villanueva A, González-Zapata JL, Martínez-Cartagena ME, Magaña I, Córdova T, López R, Valencia L, Medina SG, Rodríguez AM, Soriano F, Díaz de León R. Synthesis and Vulcanization of Polymyrcene and Polyfarnesene Bio-Based Rubbers: Influence of the Chemical Structure over the Vulcanization Process and Mechanical Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14071406. [PMID: 35406280 PMCID: PMC9003078 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The overuse of fossil-based resources to produce thermoplastic materials and rubbers is dramatically affecting the environment, reflected in its clearest way as global warming. As a way of reducing this, multiple efforts are being undertaken including the use of more sustainable alternatives, for instance, those of natural origin as the main feedstock alternative, therefore having a lower carbon footprint. Contributing to this goal, the synthesis of bio-based rubbers based on β-myrcene and trans-β-farnesene was addressed in this work. Polymyrcene (PM) and polyfarnesene (PF) were synthesized via coordination polymerization using a neodymium-based catalytic system, and their properties were compared to the conventional polybutadiene (PB) and polyisoprene (PI) also obtained via coordination polymerization. Moreover, different average molecular weights were also tested to elucidate the influence over the materials' properties. The crosslinking of the rubbers was carried out via conventional and efficient vulcanization routes, comparing the final properties of the crosslinking network of bio-based PM and PF with the conventional fossil-based PB and PI. Though the mechanical properties of the crosslinked rubbers improved as a function of molecular weight, the chemical structure of PM and PF (with 2 and 3 unsaturated double bonds, respectively) produced a crosslinking network with lower mechanical properties than those obtained by PB and PI (with 1 unsaturated double bond). The current work contributes to the understanding of improvements (in terms of crosslinking parameters) that are required to produce competitive rubber with good sustainability/performance balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnulfo Banda-Villanueva
- Research Center for Applied Chemistry, Blvd Enrique Reyna 140, San José de los Cerritos, Saltillo 25294, Mexico; (A.B.-V.); (J.L.G.-Z.); (M.E.M.-C.); (I.M.); (T.C.); (R.L.); (F.S.)
| | - José Luis González-Zapata
- Research Center for Applied Chemistry, Blvd Enrique Reyna 140, San José de los Cerritos, Saltillo 25294, Mexico; (A.B.-V.); (J.L.G.-Z.); (M.E.M.-C.); (I.M.); (T.C.); (R.L.); (F.S.)
| | - Manuel Eduardo Martínez-Cartagena
- Research Center for Applied Chemistry, Blvd Enrique Reyna 140, San José de los Cerritos, Saltillo 25294, Mexico; (A.B.-V.); (J.L.G.-Z.); (M.E.M.-C.); (I.M.); (T.C.); (R.L.); (F.S.)
| | - Ilse Magaña
- Research Center for Applied Chemistry, Blvd Enrique Reyna 140, San José de los Cerritos, Saltillo 25294, Mexico; (A.B.-V.); (J.L.G.-Z.); (M.E.M.-C.); (I.M.); (T.C.); (R.L.); (F.S.)
| | - Teresa Córdova
- Research Center for Applied Chemistry, Blvd Enrique Reyna 140, San José de los Cerritos, Saltillo 25294, Mexico; (A.B.-V.); (J.L.G.-Z.); (M.E.M.-C.); (I.M.); (T.C.); (R.L.); (F.S.)
| | - Ricardo López
- Research Center for Applied Chemistry, Blvd Enrique Reyna 140, San José de los Cerritos, Saltillo 25294, Mexico; (A.B.-V.); (J.L.G.-Z.); (M.E.M.-C.); (I.M.); (T.C.); (R.L.); (F.S.)
| | - Luis Valencia
- Biofiber Tech Sweden AB, Norrsken Hourse, Birger Jarlsgatan 57C, SE11356 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Sergio García Medina
- CIATEC, Omega 1201, Colonia Industrial Delta, Guanjuato 37545, Mexico; (S.G.M.); (A.M.R.)
| | | | - Florentino Soriano
- Research Center for Applied Chemistry, Blvd Enrique Reyna 140, San José de los Cerritos, Saltillo 25294, Mexico; (A.B.-V.); (J.L.G.-Z.); (M.E.M.-C.); (I.M.); (T.C.); (R.L.); (F.S.)
| | - Ramón Díaz de León
- Research Center for Applied Chemistry, Blvd Enrique Reyna 140, San José de los Cerritos, Saltillo 25294, Mexico; (A.B.-V.); (J.L.G.-Z.); (M.E.M.-C.); (I.M.); (T.C.); (R.L.); (F.S.)
- Correspondence:
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6
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Zhang J, Lu J, Wang D, Han B. INTRODUCING BIOBASED NONPOLAR BOTTLEBRUSH β-MYRCENE SEGMENTS TO IMPROVE SILICA DISPERSION FOR SUSTAINABLE SSBR/SILICA NANOCOMPOSITES. RUBBER CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.5254/rct.21.79959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
To overcome the problem of fossil fuel depletion and associated environmental issues arising from the use of tire tread elastomers, a convenient, environmentally friendly, and highly efficient strategy was developed to prepare high-performance green solution polymerized styrene–butadiene rubber (SSBR)/silica nanocomposites by improving silica dispersion in the nonpolar polymer matrix via the introduction of a biobased nonpolar bottlebrush segment with two double bonds. Various elastomers containing biobased nonpolar bottlebrush β-myrcene segments were synthesized using an industrially robust anionic polymerization method. Results of rubber process analysis, small-angle X-ray scattering, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy revealed that rubber with myrcene could significantly improve silica dispersibility and inhibit the strong filler–filler interactions, which are due to the formation of hydrogen bonding between the double bonds in the myrcene block and silanol groups on the silica surface and possibly to the spreading or infiltrating of myrcene bottlebrush segments onto silica. Furthermore, for the modified rubber, rolling resistance decreased by 41.7%, tear strength increased by 20.78%, and tensile strength increased by 77.8% with the elongation at break remained practically unchanged as compared with the unmodified silica/SSBR composite. On the basis of aforementioned assessment, we believe that silica-reinforced β-myrcene–based styrene–butadiene integrated rubber is a versatile and promising candidate for future tire tread elastomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jianmin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Dongfang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Bingyong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
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7
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Lamparelli DH, Kleybolte MM, Winnacker M, Capacchione C. Sustainable Myrcene-Based Elastomers via a Convenient Anionic Polymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:838. [PMID: 33803378 PMCID: PMC7967150 DOI: 10.3390/polym13050838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Soluble heterocomplexes consisting of sodium hydride in combination with trialkylaluminum derivatives have been used as anionic initiating systems at 100 °C in toluene for convenient homo-, co- and ter-polymerization of myrcene with styrene and isoprene. In this way it has been possible to obtain elastomeric materials in a wide range of compositions with interesting thermal profiles and different polymeric architectures by simply modulating the alimentation feed and the (monomers)/(initiator systems) ratio. Especially, a complete study of the myrcene-styrene copolymers (PMS) was carried out, highlighting their tapered microstructures with high molecular weights (up to 159.8 KDa) and a single glass transition temperature. For PMS copolymer reactivity ratios, rmyr = 0.12 ± 0.003 and rsty = 3.18 ± 0.65 and rmyr = 0.10 ± 0.004 and rsty = 3.32 ± 0.68 were determined according to the Kelen-Tudos (KT) and extended Kelen-Tudos (exKT) methods, respectively. Finally, this study showed an easy accessible approach for the production of various elastomers by anionic copolymerization of renewable terpenes, such as myrcene, with commodities.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hermann Lamparelli
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “Adolfo Zambelli”, University of Salerno, Giovanni Paolo II Str., 84084 Fisciano, Italy;
| | - Magdalena Maria Kleybolte
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4 Str., 85747 Garching bei München, Germany;
| | - Malte Winnacker
- WACKER-Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4 Str., 85747 Garching bei München, Germany;
- Catalysis Research Center (CRC), Ernst-Otto-Fischer-Straße 1, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Carmine Capacchione
- Department of Chemistry and Biology “Adolfo Zambelli”, University of Salerno, Giovanni Paolo II Str., 84084 Fisciano, Italy;
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8
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Luo W, Yang P, Gan Q, Zhao Z, Tang F, Xu Y, Jia X, Gong D. Reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization of myrcene derivatives: an efficient access to fully bio-sourced functional elastomers with recyclable, shape memory and self-healing properties. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00549a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The rubber industry has been faced with critical challenges including unsustainable fossil-based monomer sources, lack of functionality and growing environmental concerns of waste vulcanizates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanwei Luo
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo 315211
- P. R. China
| | - Panpan Yang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo 315211
- P. R. China
| | - Qiao Gan
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo 315211
- P. R. China
| | - Ziyue Zhao
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo 315211
- P. R. China
| | - Fuming Tang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo 315211
- P. R. China
| | - Yuechao Xu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo 315211
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Jia
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health
- Institute of Urban Environment
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Xiamen
- PR China
| | - Dirong Gong
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo 315211
- P. R. China
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Abstract
The limited source of fossil-fuel and the predominance of petroleum-based chemistry in the manufacturing of commodity polymers has generated tremendous interest in replacing the fossil source-based polymers with renewable counterparts. The field of sustainable elastomers has grown in the past three decades, from a few examples to a plethora of reports in modern polymer science and technology. Applications of elastomers are huge and vital for everyday living. The present review aims to portray a birds-eye view of various sustainable elastomers obtained from the wide family of acyclic terpenes (renewable feedstocks from different plant oils) via various polymerization techniques and their properties, as well as plausible developments in the future applications of sustainable polymers. Not only the homopolymers, but also their copolymers with both green and commercial fossil based comonomers, are reviewed.
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10
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Zhang J, Lu J, Su K, Wang D, Han B. Bio‐based β‐myrcene‐modified solution‐polymerized styrene–butadiene rubber for improving carbon black dispersion and wet skid resistance. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Su
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
| | - Dongfang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
| | - Bingyong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 People's Republic of China
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11
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Zhang S, Han L, Ma H, Liu P, Shen H, Lei L, Li C, Yang L, Li Y. Investigation on Synthesis and Application Performance of Elastomers with Biogenic Myrcene. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b02010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Songbo Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Li Han
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hongwei Ma
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Pibo Liu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Heyu Shen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Lan Lei
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Lincan Yang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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12
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Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber Filled with Foundry Waste Derived Fillers. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12111863. [PMID: 31181832 PMCID: PMC6601277 DOI: 10.3390/ma12111863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The main aim of this study is to evaluate the possibility of applying foundry dust (FD) derived filler for the preparation of natural rubber (NR) based composites by characterizing the mechanical properties. The as-received FD was processed via a simple and low-cost procedure, including sieving, deironing and milling using a variety of industrial equipment. FD powders before and after silane coupling agent (Si 69) modification were used as fillers for NR. NR composites inserted with different content of modified and unmodified FD up to 50 phr were prepared via dry-mixing method. Then, comprehensive mechanical performances were performed on the corresponding vulcanizates. It was demonstrated that NR composite filled with 50 phr of modified FD exhibited optimized comprehensive mechanical performance. Tear strength and hardness is increased by 21.3% and 12.8% than pure NR, respectively. Tensile strength is reduced by 21% and elongation at break remained nearly unchanged. Additionally, the composite showed a large increment of 50.9% for its wet grip property, while exhibited an increment of only 11.9% for its rolling resistance in comparison with the composite containing 10 phr of FD. The findings of this study may provide a new application area for the large amounts of utilization of foundry waste with a high level of value being added.
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Métafiot A, Gagnon L, Pruvost S, Hubert P, Gérard JF, Defoort B, Marić M. β-Myrcene/isobornyl methacrylate SG1 nitroxide-mediated controlled radical polymerization: synthesis and characterization of gradient, diblock and triblock copolymers. RSC Adv 2019; 9:3377-3395. [PMID: 35518984 PMCID: PMC9060242 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09192g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Myrcene (My), a natural 1,3-diene, and isobornyl methacrylate (IBOMA), from partially bio-based raw materials sources, were copolymerized by nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP) in bulk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Métafiot
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- McGill University
- Montreal
- Canada
- Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères (IMP)
| | - Lysandre Gagnon
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- McGill University
- Montreal
- Canada
| | | | - Pascal Hubert
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- McGill University
- Montreal
- Canada
| | | | | | - Milan Marić
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- McGill University
- Montreal
- Canada
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