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Santos P, Silva AP, Reis PNB. The Effect of Carbon Nanofibers on the Mechanical Performance of Epoxy-Based Composites: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2152. [PMID: 39125179 DOI: 10.3390/polym16152152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This review is a fundamental tool for researchers and engineers involved in the design and optimization of fiber-reinforced composite materials. The aim is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the mechanical performance of composites with epoxy matrices reinforced with carbon nanofibers (CNFs). The review includes studies investigating the static mechanical response through three-point bending (3PB) tests, tensile tests, and viscoelastic behavior tests. In addition, the properties of the composites' resistance to interlaminar shear strength (ILSS), mode I and mode II interlaminar fracture toughness (ILFT), and low-velocity impact (LVI) are analyzed. The incorporation of small amounts of CNFs, mostly between 0.25 and 1% by weight was shown to have a notable impact on the static and viscoelastic properties of the composites, leading to greater resistance to time-dependent deformation and better resistance to creep. ILSS and ILFT modes I and II of fiber-reinforced composites are critical parameters in assessing structural integrity through interfacial bonding and were positively affected by the introduction of CNFs. The response of composites to LVI demonstrates the potential of CNFs to increase impact strength by reducing the energy absorbed and the size of the damage introduced. Epoxy matrices reinforced with CNFs showed an average increase in stiffness of 15% and 20% for bending and tensile, respectively. The laminates, on the other hand, showed an increase in bending stiffness of 20% and 15% for tensile and modulus, respectively. In the case of ILSS and ILFT modes I and II, the addition of CNFs promoted average increases in the order of 50%, 100%, and 50%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Santos
- C-MAST-Centre for Mechanical and Aerospace Science and Technologies, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Abílio P Silva
- C-MAST-Centre for Mechanical and Aerospace Science and Technologies, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Paulo N B Reis
- University of Coimbra, CEMMPRE, ARISE, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal
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Pt1−xNix Alloy Nanoparticles Embedded in Self-Grown Carbon Nanofibers: Synthesis, Properties and Catalytic Activity in HER. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13030599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of new heterogeneous Pt-containing catalysts has retained its relevance over the past decades. The present paper describes the method to produce metal–carbon composites, Pt1−xNix/CNF, with an adjustable Pt/Ni ratio. The composites represent Pt1−xNix (x = 0.0–1.0) nanoparticles embedded within a structure of carbon nanofibers (CNF). The synthesis of the composites is based on a spontaneous disintegration of Pt1−xNix alloys in an ethylene-containing atmosphere with the formation of CNF. The initial Pt1−xNix alloys were prepared by thermolysis of multicomponent precursors. They possess a porous structure formed by fragments of 100–200 nm. As was shown by X-ray diffraction analysis, the crystal structure of the alloys containing 0–30 and 60–100 at.% Ni corresponds to a fcc lattice based on platinum (Fm-3m), while the Pt0.50Ni0.50 sample is an intermetallic compound with the tetragonal structure (P4/mmm). The impact of the Ni content in the Pt1−xNix samples on their activity in ethylene decomposition was studied as well. As was revealed, the efficiency of Pt1−xNix alloys in this process increases with the rise of Ni concentration. The composite samples were examined in an electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction. The synthesized Pt1-xNix/CNF composites demonstrated superior activity if compared with the Pt/Vulcan commercial catalyst.
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Afonnikova SD, Mishakov IV, Bauman YI, Trenikhin MV, Shubin YV, Serkova AN, Vedyagin AA. Preparation of Ni–Cu Catalyst for Carbon Nanofiber Production by the Mechanochemical Route. Top Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-022-01739-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kundu A, Shetti NP, Basu S, Mondal K, Sharma A, Aminabhavi TM. Versatile Carbon Nanofiber-Based Sensors. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:4086-4102. [PMID: 36040854 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) display colossal potential in different fields like energy, catalysis, biomedicine, sensing, and environmental science. CNFs have revealed extensive uses in various sensing platforms due to their distinctive structure, properties, function, and accessible surface functionalization capabilities. This review presents insight into various fabrication methods for CNFs like electrospinning, chemical vapor deposition, and template methods with merits and demerits of each technique. Also, we give a brief overview of CNF functionalization. Their unique physical and chemical properties make them promising candidates for the sensor applications. This review offers detailed discussion of sensing applications (strain sensor, biosensor, small molecule detection, food preservative detection, toxicity biomarker detection, and gas sensor). Various sensing applications of CNF like human motion monitoring and energy storage and conversion are discussed in brief. The challenges and obstacles associated with CNFs for futuristic applications are discussed. This review will be helpful for readers to understand the different fabrication methods and explore various applications of the versatile CNFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aayushi Kundu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Affiliate Faculty─TIET-Virginia Tech Center of Excellence in Emerging Materials, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, India
| | - Nagaraj P Shetti
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Vidyanagar, Hubballi 580 031, India
- University Center for Research & Development (UCRD), Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Panjab 140413, India
| | - Soumen Basu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Affiliate Faculty─TIET-Virginia Tech Center of Excellence in Emerging Materials, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, India
| | - Kunal Mondal
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415, United States
| | - Ashutosh Sharma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208016, India
| | - Tejraj M Aminabhavi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Vidyanagar, Hubballi 580 031, India
- University Center for Research & Development (UCRD), Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Panjab 140413, India
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Mishakov IV, Afonnikova SD, Bauman YI, Shubin YV, Trenikhin MV, Serkova AN, Vedyagin AA. Carbon Erosion of a Bulk Nickel–Copper Alloy as an Effective Tool to Synthesize Carbon Nanofibers from Hydrocarbons. KINETICS AND CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0023158422010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Carbon erosion of bulk metals and alloys in a carbon-containing atmosphere can be used as an effective tool for the targeted synthesis of carbon nanomaterials. In this study, a set of bulk Ni0.89Cu0.11 (11 at % Cu) alloys has been synthesized by the mechanochemical alloying of metal powders in an Activator 2S planetary mill. The synthesized samples have been studied as precursors of catalyst for the synthesis of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) from ethylene at 550°C. The effect of the activation time on the particle morphology and phase composition of the alloys, the kinetics of growth, and the carbon product yield in C2H4 decomposition has been studied. For the most active samples, the CNF yield has exceeded 100 g/gcat within 30 min of reaction. The early stage of carbon erosion of a bulk Ni0.89Cu0.11 alloy has been studied by electron microscopy methods. It has been found that the nucleation of carbon fiber growth active sites occurs during a short-term contact of the sample with the reaction mixture (less than 1 min); the complete disintegration of the alloy is observed in a few minutes. The carbon product is represented by nanofibers having a submicrometer diameter and characterized by a dense “stacked” and coaxial-conical packing of graphene layers. The material has a developed specific surface area (140–170 m2/g) and a low bulk density (less than 30 g/L).
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Scaling up the Process of Catalytic Decomposition of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons with the Formation of Carbon Nanostructures. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10030506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Catalytic processing of organochlorine wastes is considered an eco-friendly technology. Moreover, it allows us to obtain a value-added product—nanostructured carbon materials. However, the realization of this process is complicated by the aggressiveness of the reaction medium due to the presence of active chlorine species. The present research is focused on the characteristics of the carbon product obtained over the Ni-Pd catalyst containing 5 wt% of palladium in various quartz reactors: from a lab-scale reactor equipped with McBain balance to scaled-up reactors producing hundreds of grams. 1,2-dichloroethane was used as a model chlorine-substituted organic compound. The characterization of the materials was performed using scanning and transmission electron microscopies, Raman spectroscopy, and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption. Depending on the reactor type, the carbon yield varied from 14.0 to 24.2 g/g(cat). The resulting carbon nanofibers possess a segmented structure with disordered packaging of the graphene layers. It is shown that the carbon deposits are also different in density, structure, and morphology, depending on the type of reactor. Thus, the specific surface area changed from 405 to 262 and 286 m2/g for the products from reactor #1, #2, and #3, correspondingly. The main condition providing the growth of a fluffy carbon product is found to be its ability to grow in any direction. If the reactor walls limit the carbon growing process, the carbon product is represented by very dense fibers that can finally crack the reactor.
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Metal dusting as a key route to produce functionalized carbon nanofibers. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-022-02169-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Serebrennikova PS, Komarov VY, Sukhikh AS, Khranenko SP, Zadesenets AV, Gromilov SA, Yusenko KV. [NiEn 3](MoO 4) 0.5(WO 4) 0.5 Co-Crystals as Single-Source Precursors for Ternary Refractory Ni-Mo-W Alloys. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11123272. [PMID: 34947621 PMCID: PMC8703667 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The co-crystallisation of [NiEn3](NO3)2 (En = ethylenediamine) with Na2MoO4 and Na2WO4 from a water solution results in the formation of [NiEn3](MoO4)0.5(WO4)0.5 co-crystals. According to the X-ray diffraction analysis of eight single crystals, the parameters of the hexagonal unit cell (space group P–31c, Z = 2) vary in the following intervals: a = 9.2332(3)–9.2566(6); c = 9.9512(12)–9.9753(7) Å with the Mo/W ratio changing from 0.513(3)/0.487(3) to 0.078(4)/0.895(9). The thermal decomposition of [NiEn3](MoO4)0.5(WO4)0.5 individual crystals obtained by co-crystallisation was performed in He and H2 atmospheres. The ex situ X-ray study of thermal decomposition products shows the formation of nanocrystalline refractory alloys and carbide composites containing ternary Ni–Mo–W phases. The formation of carbon–nitride phases at certain stages of heating up to 1000 °C were shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina S. Serebrennikova
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Lavrentiev Avenue 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (P.S.S.); (V.Y.K.); (A.S.S.); (S.P.K.); (A.V.Z.)
- Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str. 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Vladislav Y. Komarov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Lavrentiev Avenue 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (P.S.S.); (V.Y.K.); (A.S.S.); (S.P.K.); (A.V.Z.)
- Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str. 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Aleksandr S. Sukhikh
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Lavrentiev Avenue 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (P.S.S.); (V.Y.K.); (A.S.S.); (S.P.K.); (A.V.Z.)
- Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str. 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Svetlana P. Khranenko
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Lavrentiev Avenue 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (P.S.S.); (V.Y.K.); (A.S.S.); (S.P.K.); (A.V.Z.)
| | - Andrey V. Zadesenets
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Lavrentiev Avenue 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (P.S.S.); (V.Y.K.); (A.S.S.); (S.P.K.); (A.V.Z.)
| | - Sergey A. Gromilov
- Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Lavrentiev Avenue 3, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (P.S.S.); (V.Y.K.); (A.S.S.); (S.P.K.); (A.V.Z.)
- Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str. 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Correspondence: (S.A.G.); (K.V.Y.)
| | - Kirill V. Yusenko
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstätter Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: (S.A.G.); (K.V.Y.)
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Bauman YI, Netskina OV, Mukha SA, Mishakov IV, Shubin YV, Stoyanovskii VO, Nalivaiko AY, Vedyagin AA, Gromov AA. Adsorption of 1,2-Dichlorobenzene on a Carbon Nanomaterial Prepared by Decomposition of 1,2-Dichloroethane on Nickel Alloys. RUSS J APPL CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070427220120095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Synthesis of graphitic nanofibers and carbon nanotubes by catalytic chemical vapor deposition method on nickel chloride alcogel for high oxygen evolution reaction activity in alkaline media. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nanoso.2020.100574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Mishakov IV, Kutaev NV, Bauman YI, Shubin YV, Koskin AP, Serkova AN, Vedyagin AA. Mechanochemical Synthesis, Structure, and Catalytic Activity of Ni-Cu, Ni-Fe, and Ni-Mo Alloys in the Preparation OF Carbon Nanofibers During the Decomposition of Chlorohydrocarbons. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476620050133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Bauman YI, Mishakov IV, Rudneva YV, Popov AA, Rieder D, Korneev DV, Serkova AN, Shubin YV, Vedyagin AA. Catalytic synthesis of segmented carbon filaments via decomposition of chlorinated hydrocarbons on Ni-Pt alloys. Catal Today 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2019.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Wang Z, Wu S, Wang J, Yu A, Wei G. Carbon Nanofiber-Based Functional Nanomaterials for Sensor Applications. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9071045. [PMID: 31336563 PMCID: PMC6669495 DOI: 10.3390/nano9071045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) exhibit great potentials in the fields of materials science, biomedicine, tissue engineering, catalysis, energy, environmental science, and analytical science due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Usually, CNFs with flat, mesoporous, and porous surfaces can be synthesized by chemical vapor deposition and electrospinning techniques with subsequent chemical treatment. Meanwhile, the surfaces of CNFs are easy to modify with various materials to extend the applications of CNF-based hybrid nanomaterials in multiple fields. In this review, we focus on the design, synthesis, and sensor applications of CNF-based functional nanomaterials. The fabrication strategies of CNF-based functional nanomaterials by adding metallic nanoparticles (NPs), metal oxide NPs, alloy, silica, polymers, and others into CNFs are introduced and discussed. In addition, the sensor applications of CNF-based nanomaterials for detecting gas, strain, pressure, small molecule, and biomacromolecules are demonstrated in detail. This work will be beneficial for the readers to understand the strategies for fabricating various CNF-based nanomaterials, and explore new applications in energy, catalysis, and environmental science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuqing Wang
- AnHui Provice Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetism Functional Materials, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011, China
| | - Shasha Wu
- AnHui Provice Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetism Functional Materials, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011, China
| | - Jian Wang
- AnHui Provice Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetism Functional Materials, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011, China
| | - Along Yu
- AnHui Provice Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic and Magnetism Functional Materials, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011, China
| | - Gang Wei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266077, China.
- Hybrid Materials Interfaces Group, Faculty of Production Engineering and Center for Environmental Research and Sustainable technology (UFT), University of Bremen, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.
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Sukhikh AS, Khranenko SP, Komarov VY, Pishchur DP, Nikolaev RE, Buneeva PS, Plyusnin’ PE, Gromilov SA. [NiEn3]MoO4: Features of the Phase Transition and Thermal Decomposition in the Presence of Lithium Hydride. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s002247661905010x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Cheng CK, Rahman Khan MM, Rasid RA, Setiabudi HD. 2018 International Conference of Chemical Engineering and Industrial Biotechnology (ICCEIB) Preface. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b06249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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