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Maisterra M, Atienza-Martínez M, Hablich K, Moreira R, Martínez-Merino V, Gandía LM, Cornejo A, Bimbela F. Innovative flow-through reaction system for the sustainable production of phenolic monomers from lignocellulose catalyzed by supported Mo 2C. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301591. [PMID: 38179896 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Molybdenum carbide supported on activated carbon (β-Mo2C/AC) has been tested as catalyst in the reductive catalytic fractionation (RCF) of lignocellulosic biomass both in batch and in Flow-Through (FT) reaction systems. High phenolic monomer yields (34 wt.%) and selectivity to monomers with reduced side alkyl chains (up to 80 wt.%) could be achieved in batch in the presence of hydrogen. FT-RCF were made with no hydrogen feed, thus via transfer hydrogenation from ethanol. Similar selectivity could be attained in FT-RCF using high catalyst/biomass ratios (0.6) and high molybdenum loading (35 wt.%) in the catalyst, although selectivity decreased with lower catalyst/biomass ratios or molybdenum contents. Regardless of these parameters, high delignification of the lignocellulosic biomass and similar monomer yields were observed in the FT mode (13-15 wt.%) while preserving the holocellulose fractions in the delignified pulp. FT-RCF system outperforms the batch reaction mode in the absence of hydrogen, both in terms of activity and selectivity to reduced monomers that is attributed to the two-step non-equilibrium processes and the removal of diffusional limitations that occur in the FT mode. Even though some molybdenum leaching was detected, the catalytic performance could be maintained with negligible loss of activity or selectivity for 15 consecutive runs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maitane Maisterra
- Institute for Advanced Material and Mathematics (INAMAT2) -, Department of Sciences, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Ed. 'Los Acebos', Campus de Arrosadia S/N, 31006, Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Atienza-Martínez
- Institute for Advanced Material and Mathematics (INAMAT2) -, Department of Sciences, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Ed. 'Los Acebos', Campus de Arrosadia S/N, 31006, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Karina Hablich
- Institute for Advanced Material and Mathematics (INAMAT2) -, Department of Sciences, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Ed. 'Los Acebos', Campus de Arrosadia S/N, 31006, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rui Moreira
- CIEPQPF, FCTUC, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, Rua Sílvio Lima, Pólo II - Pinhal de Marrocos, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Víctor Martínez-Merino
- Institute for Advanced Material and Mathematics (INAMAT2) -, Department of Sciences, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Ed. 'Los Acebos', Campus de Arrosadia S/N, 31006, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Luis M Gandía
- Institute for Advanced Material and Mathematics (INAMAT2) -, Department of Sciences, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Ed. 'Los Acebos', Campus de Arrosadia S/N, 31006, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alfonso Cornejo
- Institute for Advanced Material and Mathematics (INAMAT2) -, Department of Sciences, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Ed. 'Los Acebos', Campus de Arrosadia S/N, 31006, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fernando Bimbela
- Institute for Advanced Material and Mathematics (INAMAT2) -, Department of Sciences, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Ed. 'Los Acebos', Campus de Arrosadia S/N, 31006, Pamplona, Spain
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Carbon-Based Nanocatalysts (CnCs) for Biomass Valorization and Hazardous Organics Remediation. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12101679. [PMID: 35630900 PMCID: PMC9147642 DOI: 10.3390/nano12101679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The continuous increase of the demand in merchandise and fuels augments the need of modern approaches for the mass-production of renewable chemicals derived from abundant feedstocks, like biomass, as well as for the water and soil remediation pollution resulting from the anthropogenic discharge of organic compounds. Towards these directions and within the concept of circular (bio)economy, the development of efficient and sustainable catalytic processes is of paramount importance. Within this context, the design of novel catalysts play a key role, with carbon-based nanocatalysts (CnCs) representing one of the most promising class of materials. In this review, a wide range of CnCs utilized for biomass valorization towards valuable chemicals production, and for environmental remediation applications are summarized and discussed. Emphasis is given in particular on the catalytic production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) from cellulose or starch-rich food waste, the hydrogenolysis of lignin towards high bio-oil yields enriched predominately in alkyl and oxygenated phenolic monomers, the photocatalytic, sonocatalytic or sonophotocatalytic selective partial oxidation of 5-HMF to 2,5-diformylfuran (DFF) and the decomposition of organic pollutants in aqueous matrixes. The carbonaceous materials were utilized as stand-alone catalysts or as supports of (nano)metals are various types of activated micro/mesoporous carbons, graphene/graphite and the chemically modified counterparts like graphite oxide and reduced graphite oxide, carbon nanotubes, carbon quantum dots, graphitic carbon nitride, and fullerenes.
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Yu J, Luo B, Wang Y, Wang S, Wu K, Liu C, Chu S, Zhang H. An efficient way to synthesize biomass-based molybdenum carbide catalyst via pyrolysis carbonization and its application for lignin catalytic pyrolysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 346:126640. [PMID: 34971778 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a simple and rapid method was proposed to synthesize orthorhombic α-Mo2C as catalyst for lignin catalytic pyrolysis. Biomass in-situ pyrolysis products were used as the carbon source and supporter, the carbonization of Mo precursor was realized under rapid heating. Experimental results show that Pine-Mo2C catalyst can achieve lignin pyrolysis vapor bond breaking and deoxidation under normal pressure, and the yield of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is 13.26 wt%, of which aromatic hydrocarbons with side chain account for 74%. The side chain aliphatic hydrocarbons of lignin are effectively retained, and hydrogen consumption is minimized. The characterization of catalyst and experiments of guaiacol, 2-phenoxy-1-phenylethanol and 4,4'-biphenol shows that efficient deoxidation is due to targeted attack of catalyst on C-O. Therefore, Pine-Mo2C shows excellent activity in promoting direct bond breaking deoxidation of lignin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control, Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Bingbing Luo
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control, Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yihan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control, Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Siyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control, Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Kai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control, Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control, Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Sheng Chu
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control, Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Huiyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control, Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
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Abstract
Lignin is a natural biopolymer present in lignocellulosic biomass. During paper pulp production with the Kraft process, it is solubilized and degraded in Kraft lignin and then burned to recover energy. In this paper, the solvolysis of Kraft lignin was studied in water and in water/alcohol mixtures to produce oligomers and monomers of interest, at mild temperatures (200–275 °C) under inert atmosphere. It was found that the presence of alcohol and the type of alcohol (methanol, ethanol, isopropanol) greatly influenced the amount of oligomers and monomers formed from lignin, reaching a maximum of 48 mg·glignin−1 of monomers with isopropanol as a co-solvent. The impact of the addition of various solid catalysts composed of a metal phase (Pd, Pt or Ru) supported on an oxide (Al2O3, TiO2, ZrO2) was investigated. In water, the yield in monomers was enhanced by the presence of a catalyst and particularly by Pd/ZrO2. However, with an alcoholic co-solvent, the catalyst only enhanced the formation of oligomers. Detailed characterizations of the products with FTIR, 31P-NMR, 1H-NMR and HSQC NMR were performed to elucidate the chemical transformations occurring during solvolysis. The nature of the active catalytic specie was also investigated by testing homogeneous palladium catalysts.
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Yu Z, Yao K, Wang Y, Yao Y, Sun Z, Liu Y, Shi C, Wang W, Wang A. Kinetic investigation of phenol hydrodeoxygenation over unsupported nickel phosphides. Catal Today 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zhao J, Bai Y, Liang X, Wang T, Wang C. Photothermal catalytic CO2 hydrogenation over molybdenum carbides: Crystal structure and photothermocatalytic synergistic effects. J CO2 UTIL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2021.101562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Wu K, Yang C, Liu Y, Liu C, Liu Y, Lu H, Liang B. Hierarchical meso- and macroporous carbon from lignin for kraft lignin decomposition to aromatic monomers. Catal Today 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2020.06.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lee JG, Nam E, An K. Modified Metal–Organic Frameworks as Efficient Catalysts for Lignocellulosic Biomass Conversion. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Gyeong Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
| | - Eonu Nam
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangjin An
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
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Yan B, Lin X, Chen Z, Cai Q, Zhang S. Selective production of phenolic monomers via high efficient lignin depolymerization with a carbon based nickel-iron-molybdenum carbide catalyst under mild conditions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 321:124503. [PMID: 33310408 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lignin is an abundant renewable source of bio-aromatics and its valorization is of great importance. In this work, an efficient non-precious carbon based metal-Mo2C catalytic system for selective production of phenolic monomers (PMs) from organosolv lignin depolymerization is proposed. With the optimized catalyst of Ni-Fe-Mo2C, 89.56% of liquefaction and 35.53% of PMs yields were achieved under 260 ℃ for 4 h with water-methanol (4:1 v/v) solvent. Characterization of the catalysts shows that the induction of Ni-Fe species was favor for the formation of β-Mo2C, and efficiently promoted the lignin liquefaction. The decoration of Ni/Fe can also change the side chain hydrogenolysis ability of the catalyst and exhibite high yield for 4-ethylphenol (14.77%) production. Methanol, used as co-solvent, was found to play an important role in PMs production and lignin depolymerization. These results demonstrated that the Ni-Fe-Mo2C catalytic system has potential to produce valuable phenolic monomers from lignin under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bochao Yan
- Research Center for Biomass Energy, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiaoyu Lin
- Research Center for Biomass Energy, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhihui Chen
- Research Center for Biomass Energy, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Qinjie Cai
- Research Center for Biomass Energy, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Suping Zhang
- Research Center for Biomass Energy, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.
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Yang W, Wu K, Zhu Y, Liu Y, Lu H, Liang B. Bifunctional Pt–Mo catalyst for in situ hydrogenation of methyl stearate into alkanes using formic acid as a hydrogen donor. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj02747f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In situ hydrogenation of methyl stearate on Pt–Mo/AC has a high hydrogen utilization rate due to the strong interaction between Pt and β-Mo2C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Kejing Wu
- Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610207, China
| | - Yingming Zhu
- Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610207, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610207, China
| | - Houfang Lu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610207, China
| | - Bin Liang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
- Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610207, China
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De Zanet A, Kondrat SA. A Review of Preparation Strategies for α-MoC1-x Catalysts. JOHNSON MATTHEY TECHNOLOGY REVIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.1595/205651322x16383716226126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal carbides are attracting growing attention as robust and affordable alternative heterogeneous catalysts to platinum group metals, for a host of contemporary and established hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, and isomerisation reactions. In particular, the metastable α-MoC1-x phase has been shown to exhibit interesting catalytic properties for low temperature processes reliant on O-H and C-H bond activation. While demonstrating exciting catalytic properties, a significant challenge exists in the application of metastable carbides, namely the challenging procedure for their preparation. In this review we will briefly discuss the properties and catalytic applications of α-MoC1-x, followed by a more detailed discussion on available synthesis methods and important parameters that influence carbide properties. Techniques are contrasted with properties of phase, surface area, morphology and Mo:C being considered. Further, we briefly relate these observations to experimental and theoretical studies of α-MoC1-x in catalytic applications. Synthetic strategies discussed are, the original temperature programmed ammonolysis followed by carburisation, alternative oxycarbide or hydrogen bronze precursor phases, heat treatment of moybdate-amide compounds and other low temperature synthetic routes. The importance of carbon removal and catalyst passivation in relation to surface and bulk properties are also discussed. Novel techniques that by-pass the apparent bottle neck of ammonolysis are reported, however a clear understanding of intermediate phases is required to be able to fully apply these techniques. Pragmatically, the scaled application of these techniques requires the pre-pyrolysis wet chemistry to be simple and scalable. Further, there is a clear opportunity to correlate observed morphologies/phases and catalytic properties with findings from computational theoretical studies. Detailed characterisation throughout the synthetic process is essential and will undoubtedly provide fundamental insights that can be used for the controllable and scalable synthesis of metastable α-MoC1-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea De Zanet
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Simon A. Kondrat
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
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Cai F, Ibrahim JJ, Fu Y, Kong W, Li S, Zhang J, Sun Y. Methanol Steam Reforming over ZnPt/MoC Catalysts: Effects of Hydrogen Treatment. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c03311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fufeng Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jessica Juweriah Ibrahim
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Yu Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Wenbo Kong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Shuqing Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yuhan Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science and Engineering, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
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Xue Z, Yu H, He J, Zhang Y, Lan X, Liu R, Zhang L, Mu T. Highly Efficient Cleavage of Ether Bonds in Lignin Models by Transfer Hydrogenolysis over Dual-Functional Ruthenium/Montmorillonite. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:4579-4586. [PMID: 32419386 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202000978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cleavage of ether bonds is a crucial but challenging step for lignin valorization. To efficiently realize this transformation, the development of robust catalysts or catalytic systems is required. In this study, montmorillonite (MMT)-supported Ru (denoted as Ru/MMT) is fabricated as a dual-functional heterogeneous catalyst to cleave various types of ether bonds through transfer hydrogenolysis without using any additional acids or bases. The prepared Ru/MMT material is found to efficiently catalyze the cleavage of various lignin models and lignin-derived phenols; cyclohexanes (fuels) and cyclohexanols (key intermediates) are the main products. The synergistic effect between electron-enriched Ru and the acidic sites on MMT contributes to the excellent performance of Ru/MMT. Systematic studies reveal that the reaction proceeds through two possible reaction pathways, including the direct cleavage of ether bonds and the formation of intermediates with one hydrogenated benzene ring, for all examined types of ether bonds, namely, 4-O-5, α-O-4, and β-O-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Xue
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Haitao Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Jing He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Yibin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Xue Lan
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, PR China
| | - Rundong Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Luyao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, College of Materials Science and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Tiancheng Mu
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100872, PR China
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