1
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Vishnevetskii DV, Metlin FA, Andrianova YV, Polyakova EE, Ivanova AI, Averkin DV, Mekhtiev AR. Preparation of Composite Hydrogels Based on Cysteine-Silver Sol and Methylene Blue as Promising Systems for Anticancer Photodynamic Therapy. Gels 2024; 10:577. [PMID: 39330179 PMCID: PMC11431599 DOI: 10.3390/gels10090577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2024] [Revised: 08/20/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, a novel supramolecular composite, "photogels", was synthesized by mixing of cysteine-silver sol (CSS) and methylene blue (MB). A complex of modern physico-chemical methods of analysis such as viscosimetry, UV spectroscopy, dynamic and electrophoretic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy showed that MB molecules are uniformly localized mainly in the space between fibers of the gel-network formed by CSS particles. Molecules of the dye also bind with the surface of CSS particles by non-covalent interactions. This fact is reflected in the appearance of a synergistic anticancer effect of gels against human squamous cell carcinoma even in the absence of light irradiation. A mild toxic influence of hydrogels was observed in normal keratinocyte cells. Photodynamic exposure significantly increased gel activity, and there remained a synergistic effect. The study of free-radical oxidation in cells has shown that gels are not only capable of generating reactive oxygen species, but also have other targets of action. Flow cytometric analysis allowed us to find out that obtained hydrogels caused cell cycle arrest both without irradiation and with light exposure. The obtained gels are of considerable interest both from the point of view of academics and applied science, for example, in the photodynamic therapy of superficial neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry V. Vishnevetskii
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Tver State University, Building 33, Zhelyabova Str., Tver 170100, Russia; (F.A.M.); (Y.V.A.); (E.E.P.)
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Building 8, Pogodinskaya Str., Moscow 191121, Russia
| | - Fedor A. Metlin
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Tver State University, Building 33, Zhelyabova Str., Tver 170100, Russia; (F.A.M.); (Y.V.A.); (E.E.P.)
| | - Yana V. Andrianova
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Tver State University, Building 33, Zhelyabova Str., Tver 170100, Russia; (F.A.M.); (Y.V.A.); (E.E.P.)
| | - Elizaveta E. Polyakova
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Tver State University, Building 33, Zhelyabova Str., Tver 170100, Russia; (F.A.M.); (Y.V.A.); (E.E.P.)
| | - Alexandra I. Ivanova
- Department of Applied Physics, Tver State University, Building 33, Zhelyabova Str., Tver 170100, Russia;
| | - Dmitry V. Averkin
- Russian Metrological Institute of Technical Physics and Radio Engineering, Worker’s Settlement Mendeleevo, Building 11, Moscow 141570, Russia;
| | - Arif R. Mekhtiev
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Building 8, Pogodinskaya Str., Moscow 191121, Russia
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2
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Gillard M, Troian-Gautier L, Decottignies A, Elias B. pH-Activatable Ruthenium(II) Fluorescein Salphen Schiff Base Photosensitizers for Theranostic Applications. J Med Chem 2024; 67:2549-2558. [PMID: 38345026 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes exhibit a lack of selectivity toward cancer tissues despite extensive studies as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Here, we report pH-activatable RuII photosensitizers for molecularly targeted PDT by exploiting the higher acidity of tumoral tissue. The fluorescein moiety, well known for its high pH sensitivity, was connected to a RuII center to yield novel photosensitizers for pH-sensitive 1O2 photogeneration. Their ability to photosensitize molecular dioxygen was studied at various pHs and revealed a drastic enhancement from 0.07 to 0.66 of the 1O2 quantum yield under acidic conditions (pH 7.5 to pH 5.5). Their photocytotoxicity against U2OS osteosarcoma cells was also investigated at pH 5.5 and 7.5 through IC50 determination. A strong enhancement of the photocytotoxicity reaching 930 nM was observed at pH 5.5, which showed the potential of such photosensitizers for pH-activatable PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Gillard
- Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Place Louis Pasteur 1, bte L4.01.02, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Place Louis Pasteur 1, bte L4.01.02, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Wel Research Institute, Avenue Pasteur 6, 1300 Wavre, Belgium
| | - Anabelle Decottignies
- Genetic and Epigenetic Alterations of Genomes, de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Avenue Hippocrate 75, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Elias
- Institut de la Matière Condensée et des Nanosciences (IMCN), Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Catalysis (MOST), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Place Louis Pasteur 1, bte L4.01.02, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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3
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Peng Y, Da X, Zhou W, Xu Y, Liu X, Wang X, Zhou Q. A photo-degradable BODIPY-modified Ru(II) photosensitizer for safe and efficient PDT under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:3579-3588. [PMID: 38314620 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt04063a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is promising for cancer treatment but still suffers from some limitations. For instance, PDT based on 1O2 generation (in a type-II mechanism) is heavily dependent on high oxygen concentrations and will be significantly depressed in hypoxic tumors. In addition, the residual photosensitizers after PDT treatment may cause severe side-effects under light irradiation. To solve these problems, herein a BODIPY (boron dipyrromethene)-modified Ru(II) complex [Ru(dip)2(tpy-BODIPY)]2+ (complex 1, dip = 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, tpy = 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine) was designed and synthesized. Complex 1 exhibited both high singlet oxygen quantum yield (Φ = 0.7 in CH3CN) and excellent superoxide radical (O2˙-) generation, and thus demonstrated efficient PDT activity under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Moreover, complex 1 is photo-degradable in water, and greatly loses its ROS generation ability after PDT treatment. These novel properties of complex 1 make it promising for efficient PDT under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions with reduced side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yatong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xuwen Da
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Wanpeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yunli Xu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiulian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xuesong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qianxiong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
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4
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Wei S, Liang H, Dao A, Xie Y, Cao F, Ren Q, Yadav AK, Kushwaha R, Mandal AA, Banerjee S, Zhang P, Ji S, Huang H. Perturbing tumor cell metabolism with a Ru(II) photo-redox catalyst to reverse the multidrug resistance of lung cancer. Sci China Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1496-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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5
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Wei L, Kushwaha R, Dao A, Fan Z, Banerjee S, Huang H. Axisymmetric bis-tridentate Ir(III) photoredox catalysts for anticancer phototherapy under hypoxia. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:3083-3086. [PMID: 36807352 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06721h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
A novel axisymmetric bis-tridentate Ir(III) photocatalyst (Ir3) with synergetic type I/II photosensitization and photocatalytic activity was reported. Ir3 exhibited high photocytotoxicity toward drug-resistant cancer cells under normoxia and hypoxia. The photoactivated anticancer mechanism of Ir3 were investigated in detail. Overall, this new photo-redox catalyst can overcome hypoxia and drug resistance-related problems in clinical anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wei
- School of pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, P. R. China.
| | - Rajesh Kushwaha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, UP-221005, India
| | - Anyi Dao
- School of pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, P. R. China.
| | - Zhongxian Fan
- School of pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, P. R. China. .,Shenshan Medical Center, Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, China
| | - Samya Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, UP-221005, India
| | - Huaiyi Huang
- School of pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, P. R. China.
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6
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Ma XR, Lu JJ, Huang B, Lu XY, Li RT, Ye RR. Heteronuclear Ru(II)-Re(I) complexes as potential photodynamic anticancer agents with anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic activities. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 240:112090. [PMID: 36543061 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.112090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Herein, three heterometallic Ru(II)-Re(I) complexes, [Ru(NN)2(tpphz)Re(CO)3Cl](PF6)2 (N-N = 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy, in RuRe1), 1,10-phenanthroline (phen, in RuRe2), 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (DIP, in RuRe3), tpphz = tetrapyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c:3″,2″-h:2″',3″'-j]phenazine), using tpphz as a bridging ligand to connect Ru(II) polypyridyl moiety and Re(I) tricarbonyl moiety were designed and synthesized. Cytotoxicity tests revealed that RuRe1-3 exhibited high phototoxicities against several cancer cell lines tested, with IC50 values ranging from 0.8 to 6.8 μM. Notably, RuRe2 exhibited the most significant increase in cytotoxicity against human prostate cancer (PC3) cells under light (450 nm) irradiation, with phototoxicity index (PI) value increasing by >112.3-fold. Further mechanistic studies of RuRe2 revealed that RuRe2-mediated PDT could induce tumor cell apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. Moreover, RuRe2-mediated PDT could inhibit PC3 cell scratch healing and reduce the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinases 2 (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinases 9 (MMP-9) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor VEGFR2. Finally, angiogenic activity assays performed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) showed that RuRe2 exerted an anti-angiogenesis effect. Our study demonstrated that RuRe1-3 were promising PDT antitumor agents with potential anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Rong Ma
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Jun-Jian Lu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Bo Huang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, PR China.
| | - Xing-Yun Lu
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China
| | - Rong-Tao Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China.
| | - Rui-Rong Ye
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, PR China.
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7
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Sun Y, Das S, Brown SR, Blevins ER, Qu F, Ward NA, Gregory SA, Boudreaux CM, Kim Y, Papish ET. Ruthenium pincer complexes for light activated toxicity: Lipophilic groups enhance toxicity. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 240:112110. [PMID: 36596265 PMCID: PMC10231263 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.112110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nine ruthenium CNC pincer complexes (1-9) were tested for anticancer activity in cell culture under both dark and light conditions. These complexes included varied CNC pincer ligands including OH, OMe, or Me substituents on the pyridyl ring and wingtip N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) groups which varied as methyl (Me), phenyl (Ph), mesityl (Mes), and 2,6-diisopropylphenyl (Dipp). The supporting ligands included acetonitrile, Cl, and 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) donors. The synthesis of complexes 8 and 9 is described herein and are fully characterized by spectroscopic (1H NMR, IR, UV-Vis, MS) and analytical techniques. Single crystal X-ray diffraction results are reported herein for 8 and 9. The other complexes (1-7) are reported elsewhere. The four most lipophilic ruthenium complexes (6, 7, 8, and 9) showed the best activity vs. MCF7 cancer cells with complexes 6 and 9 showing cytotoxicity and complex 7 and 8 showing light activated photocytotoxicity. The distribution of these compounds between octanol and water is reported as log(Do/w) values, and increasing log(Do/w) values correlate roughly with improved activity vs. cancer cells. Overall, lipophilic wingtip groups (e.g. Ph, Mes, Dipp) on the NHC ring and a lower cationic charge (1+ vs. 2+) appears to be beneficial for improved anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Sun
- The University of Alabama, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Sanjit Das
- The University of Alabama, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Spenser R Brown
- The University of Alabama, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Emily R Blevins
- The University of Alabama, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Fengrui Qu
- The University of Alabama, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Nicholas A Ward
- The University of Alabama, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Shawn Aiden Gregory
- The University of Alabama, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Chance M Boudreaux
- The University of Alabama, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
| | - Yonghyun Kim
- The University of Alabama, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA.
| | - Elizabeth T Papish
- The University of Alabama, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA.
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8
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A New Unnatural Amino Acid Derived from the Modification of 4′-(p-tolyl)-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine and Its Mixed-Ligand Complexes with Ruthenium: Synthesis, Characterization, and Photophysical Properties. CHEMISTRY 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/chemistry5010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The modification of the methyl group of 4′-(p-tolyl)-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine produced the novel unnatural amino acid 3-(4-([2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridin]-4′-yl)phenyl)-2-aminopropanoic acid (phet). Mononuclear heteroleptic ruthenium complexes of the general formulae [Ru(L1)(L2)](PF6)2 (L1 = 2-acetylamino-2-(4-[2,2′:6′,2″]terpyridine-4′-yl-benzyl)-malonic acid diethyl ester, (phem), 3-(4-([2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridin]-4′-yl)phenyl)-2-aminopropanoic acid, (phet), and L2 = 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine (tpy), 4′-phenyl-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine (ptpy), 4′-(p-tolyl)-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine (mptpy)), as well as the homoleptic [Ru(phem)2](PF6)2 and [Ru(phet)2](PF6)2, were synthesized and characterized by means of NMR spectroscopic techniques, elemental analysis, and high-resolution mass spectrometry. The photophysical properties of the synthesized complexes were also studied.
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9
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Synthesis and photobiological evaluation of Ru(II) complexes with expanded chelate polypyridyl ligands. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 238:112031. [PMID: 36327501 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.112031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Photoreactive Ru(II) complexes capable of ejecting ligands have been used extensively for photocaging applications and for the creation of "photocisplatin" reagents. The incorporation of distortion into the structure of the coordination complex lowers the energy of dissociative excited states, increasing the yield of the photosubstitution reaction. While steric clash between ligands induced by adding substituents at the coordinating face of the ligand has been extensively utilized, a lesser known, more subtle approach is to distort the coordination sphere by altering the chelate ring size. Here a systematic study was performed to alter metal-ligand bond lengths, angles, and to cause intraligand distortion by introducing a "linker" atom or group between two pyridine rings. The synthesis, photochemistry, and photobiology of five Ru(II) complexes containing CH2, NH, O, and S-linked dipyridine ligands was investigated. All systems where stable in the dark, and three of the five were photochemically active in buffer. While a clear periodic trend was not observed, this study lays the foundation for the creation of photoactive systems utilizing an alternative type of distortion to facilitate photosubstitution reactions.
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10
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Combination of light and Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes: Recent advances in the development of new anticancer drugs. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Paul S, Pathak S, Sahoo S, Maji RC, Bhattacharyya U, Nandi D, Chakravarty AR. Bichromophoric ruthenium(II) bis-terpyridine-BODIPY based photosensitizers for cellular imaging and photodynamic therapy. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:10392-10405. [PMID: 35758169 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01137a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two multichromophoric homoleptic ruthenium(II) complexes [Ru(tpy-BODIPY)2]Cl2 (complexes 1 and 2, tpy = 4-phenyl-2,2:6,2-terpyridine, BODIPY = boron-dipyrromethene) were prepared, characterized and their phototherapeutic activity and bioimaging properties were studied. The complexes having structural similarity differ only by a phenylethynyl linker, and its overall influence on their physicochemical and photobiological behavior was evaluated. The terpyridine-BODIPY ligand L1 was structurally characterized by X-ray crystallography. The complexes showed intense absorption near 500 nm (ε: ∼1.5 × 105 M-1 cm-1 in DMSO), have a high singlet oxygen quantum yield (ΦΔ: ∼0.6 in DMSO), and displayed low photobleaching thus making them suitable for PDT applications. The complexes showed high DNA binding affinity and induced DNA damage on light activation via multiple types of ROS production. Confocal laser scanning microscopy experiments revealed their incorporation in the cancer cells and complex 1 predominantly accumulated in lysosomes. The complexes displayed a significant PDT effect in cancerous cells with visible light activation with a high photocytotoxicity index (PI) value in HeLa cells. Both type-I and type-II photosensitization processes were involved in the PDT effect. The photodynamic action of complex 2 initiated cellular apoptosis. Finally, their diagnostic potential was evaluated against clinically relevant 3D multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhadeep Paul
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Sanmoy Pathak
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Somarupa Sahoo
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Ram Chandra Maji
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Utso Bhattacharyya
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Dipankar Nandi
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Akhil R Chakravarty
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
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12
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Lu N, Deng Z, Gao J, Liang C, Xia H, Zhang P. An osmium-peroxo complex for photoactive therapy of hypoxic tumors. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2245. [PMID: 35473926 PMCID: PMC9042834 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29969-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The limited therapeutic effect on hypoxic and refractory solid tumors has hindered the practical application of photodynamic therapy. Herein, we report our investigation of an osmium-peroxo complex (Os2), which is inactive in the dark, but can release a peroxo ligand O2•− upon light irradiation even in the absence of oxygen, and is transformed into a cytotoxic osmium complex (Os1). Os1 is cytotoxic in the presence or absence of irradiation in hypoxic tumors, behaving as a chemotherapeutic drug. At the same time, the light-activated Os2 induces photocatalytic oxidation of endogenous 1,4-dihydronicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in living cancer cells, leading to ferroptosis, which is mediated by glutathione degradation, lipid peroxide accumulation and down-regulation of glutathione peroxidase 4. In vivo studies have confirmed that the Os2 can effectively inhibit the growth of solid hypoxic tumors in mice. A promising strategy is proposed for the treatment of hypoxic tumors with metal-based drugs. Photodynamic therapy has been a promising technique for the treatment of tumours. In this manuscript, the authors report on the photoactivation of the osmium peroxo complex and its potential use for chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy under blue light irradiation against tumours in their hypoxic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nong Lu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Zhihong Deng
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.,Center for Reproductive Medicine, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Chao Liang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Haiping Xia
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Pingyu Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
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13
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Papish ET, Oladipupo OE. Factors that influence singlet oxygen formation vs. ligand substitution for light-activated ruthenium anticancer compounds. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2022; 68:102143. [PMID: 35483128 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.102143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on light-activated ruthenium anticancer compounds and the factors that influence which pathway is favored. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is favored by π expansion and the presence of low-lying triplet excited states (e.g. 3MLCT, 3IL). Photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT) refers to light-driven ligand dissociation to give a toxic metal complex or a toxic ligand upon photo substitution. This process is driven by steric bulk near the metal center and weak metal-ligand bonds to create a low-energy 3MC state with antibonding character. With protic dihydroxybipyridine ligands, ligand charge can play a key role in these processes, with a more electron-rich deprotonated ligand favoring PDT and an electron-poor protonated ligand favoring PACT in several cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth T Papish
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA.
| | - Olaitan E Oladipupo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
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14
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Construction of emissive ruthenium(II) metallacycle over 1000 nm wavelength for in vivo biomedical applications. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2009. [PMID: 35422104 PMCID: PMC9010459 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29572-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Ru(II)-based agents are expected to be promising candidates for substituting Pt-drug, their in vivo biomedical applications are still limited by the short excitation/emission wavelengths and unsatisfactory therapeutic efficiency. Herein, we rationally design a Ru(II) metallacycle with excitation at 808 nm and emission over 1000 nm, namely Ru1085, which holds deep optical penetration (up to 6 mm) and enhanced chemo-phototherapy activity. In vitro studies indicate that Ru1085 exhibits prominent cell uptake and desirable anticancer capability against various cancer cell lines, especially for cisplatin-resistant A549 cells. Further studies reveal Ru1085 induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis along with S and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest. Finally, Ru1085 shows precise NIR-II fluorescence imaging guided and long-term monitored chemo-phototherapy against A549 tumor with minimal side effects. We envision that the design of long-wavelength emissive metallacycle will offer emerging opportunities of metal-based agents for in vivo biomedical applications. Ruthenium (Ru(II)) compounds are of interest as platinum drug replacements but have suffered from suboptimal therapeutic efficiency. Here, the authors design a Ru(II) metallacycle with NIR excitation and emission wavelengths and demonstrate application for deep tumour imaging and chemo-photo therapy.
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15
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Paprocka R, Wiese-Szadkowska M, Janciauskiene S, Kosmalski T, Kulik M, Helmin-Basa A. Latest developments in metal complexes as anticancer agents. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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16
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Wang Y, Ma K, Bai J, Xu T, Han W, Wang C, Chen Z, Kirlikovali KO, Li P, Xiao J, Farha OK. Chemically Engineered Porous Molecular Coatings as Reactive Oxygen Species Generators and Reservoirs for Long‐Lasting Self‐Cleaning Textiles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Department of Chemistry Fudan University 2005 Songhu Road Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Kaikai Ma
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute of Nanotechnology Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Jiaquan Bai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Department of Chemistry Fudan University 2005 Songhu Road Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases Huashan Hospital Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Wendong Han
- Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory School of Basic Medical Sciences Fudan University Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Chen Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Department of Chemistry Fudan University 2005 Songhu Road Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Zhenxia Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Department of Chemistry Fudan University 2005 Songhu Road Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Kent O. Kirlikovali
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute of Nanotechnology Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Peng Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials Department of Chemistry Fudan University 2005 Songhu Road Shanghai 200438 China
| | - Jisheng Xiao
- Translational Medicine Research Center Zhujiang Hospital Southern Medical University/The Second School of Clinical Medicine Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong 510515 China
| | - Omar K. Farha
- Department of Chemistry and International Institute of Nanotechnology Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering Northwestern University 2145 Sheridan Road Evanston IL 60208 USA
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17
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Jiang Z, Wu T, Li Y, Wang J, Chen M, Su P, Zhang Z, Xie T, Wang P. Organic-Ru2+ Cluster Initiated Dendritic-faced Metallo-Octahedron and Its Unpredictable Photoactivity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:6344-6347. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00366j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a novel 3D metal-organic ligand consists of a folded Ru(II) connected tetrameric cycle and two sets of 60° juxtaposed bisterpyridine arms was synthesized and its complexation with Zn2+ gave...
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18
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Farha OK, Li P, Wang Y, Ma K, Bai J, Xu T, Han W, Wang C, Chen Z, Kirlikovali K, Xiao J. Chemically-Engineered Porous Molecular Coatings as Reactive Oxygen Species Generators and Reservoirs for Long-Lasting Self-Cleaning Textiles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202115956. [PMID: 34931436 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Wearable personal protective equipment that is decorated with photoactive self-cleaning materials capable of actively neutralizing biological pathogens is in high demand. Here, we developed a series of solution-processable, crystalline porous materials capable of addressing this challenge. Textiles coated with these materials exhibit a broad range of functionalities, including spontaneous ROS generation upon absorption of daylight, and long-term ROS storage in dark conditions. The ROS generation and storage abilities of these materials can be further improved through chemical engineering of the precursors without altering the three-dimensional assembled superstructures. In comparison with traditional TiO 2 or C 3 N 4 self-cleaning materials, the fluorinated molecular coating material HOF-101-F shows a 10- to 60-fold enhancement of ROS generation and 10- to 20- fold greater ROS storage ability. Our results pave the way for further developing self-cleaning textile coatings for the rapid deactivation of highly infectious pathogenic bacteria under both daylight and light-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar K Farha
- Northwestern University, Chemistry, 2145 sheridan rd, 60208, Evanston, UNITED STATES
| | - Peng Li
- Fudan University, Department of Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Yao Wang
- Fudan University, Department of Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Kaikai Ma
- Northwestern University, Department of Chemistry, UNITED STATES
| | - Jiaquan Bai
- Fudan University, Department of Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Tao Xu
- Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Department of Infectious Diseases, CHINA
| | - Wendong Han
- Fudan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Biosafety level 3 lab, CHINA
| | - Chen Wang
- Fudan University, Department of Chemistry, CHINA
| | - Zhenxia Chen
- Fudan University, Department of Chemistry, CHINA
| | | | - Jisheng Xiao
- Zhujiang Hospital, Translational Medicine Research Center, CHINA
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19
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Bolitho E, Sanchez-Cano C, Shi H, Quinn PD, Harkiolaki M, Imberti C, Sadler PJ. Single-Cell Chemistry of Photoactivatable Platinum Anticancer Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20224-20240. [PMID: 34808054 PMCID: PMC8662725 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The Pt(IV) prodrug trans, trans, trans-[Pt(pyridine)2(N3)2(OH)2] (Pt1) and its coumarin derivative trans, trans, trans-[Pt(pyridine)2(N3)2(OH)(coumarin-3-carboxylate)] (Pt2) are promising agents for photoactivated chemotherapy. These complexes are inert in the dark but release Pt(II) species and radicals upon visible light irradiation, resulting in photocytotoxicity toward cancer cells. Here, we have used synchrotron techniques to investigate the in-cell behavior of these prodrugs and visualize, for the first time, changes in cellular morphology and Pt localization upon treatment with and without light irradiation. We show that photoactivation of Pt2 induces remarkable cellular damage with extreme alterations to multiple cellular components, including formation of vacuoles, while also significantly increasing the cellular accumulation of Pt species compared to dark conditions. X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) measurements in cells treated with Pt2 indicate only partial reduction of the prodrug upon irradiation, highlighting that phototoxicity in cancer cells may involve not only Pt(II) photoproducts but also photoexcited Pt(IV) species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth
M. Bolitho
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- Diamond
Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Fermi Avenue, Didcot OX11 0DE, United
Kingdom
| | - Carlos Sanchez-Cano
- Center
for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research
and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 182, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Huayun Shi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Paul D. Quinn
- Diamond
Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Fermi Avenue, Didcot OX11 0DE, United
Kingdom
| | - Maria Harkiolaki
- Diamond
Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Fermi Avenue, Didcot OX11 0DE, United
Kingdom
| | - Cinzia Imberti
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J. Sadler
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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20
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Thapa Magar R, Breen DJ, Schrage BR, Ziegler CJ, Rack JJ. Slow 3MLCT Formation Prior to Isomerization in Ruthenium Carbene Sulfoxide Complexes. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:16120-16127. [PMID: 34672621 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of photochromic complexes with general formulas of [Ru(bpy)2(NHC-SR)]2+ and [Ru(bpy)2(NHC-S(O)R)]2+ were prepared and investigated by X-ray crystallography, electrochemistry, and ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy {where bpy is 2,2'-bipyridine and NHC-SR and NHC-S(O)R are chelating thioether (-SR) and chelating sulfoxide [-S(O)R] N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands}. The only differences between these complexes are the nature of the R group on the sulfur (Me vs Ph), the identity of the carbene (imidazole vs benzimidazole), and the number of linker atoms in the chelate (CH2 vs C2H4). A total of 13 structures are presented {four [Ru(bpy)2(NHC-SR)]2+ complexes, four [Ru(bpy)2(NHC-S(O)R)]2+ complexes, and five uncomplexed ligands}, and these reveal the expected coordination geometry as predicted from other spectroscopy data. The data do not provide insight into the photochemical reactivity of these compounds. These carbene ligands do impart stability with respect to ground state and excited state ligand substitution reactions. Bulk photolysis reveals that these complexes undergo efficient S → O isomerization, with quantum yields ranging from 0.24 to 0.87. The excited state reaction occurs with a time constant ranging from 570 ps to 1.9 ns. Electrochemical studies reveal an electron transfer-triggered isomerization, and voltammograms are consistent with an ECEC (electrochemical-chemical electrochemical-chemical) reaction mechanism. The carbene facilitates an unusually slow S → O isomerization and an unusally fast O → S isomerization. Temperature studies reveal a small and negative entropy of activation for the O → S isomerization, suggesting an associative transition state in which the sulfoxide simply slides along the S-O bond during isomerization. Ultrafast studies provide evidence of an active role of the carbene in the excited state dynamics of these complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajani Thapa Magar
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87111, United States
| | - Douglas J Breen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87111, United States
| | - Briana R Schrage
- Knight Chemical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44312-3601, United States
| | - Christopher J Ziegler
- Knight Chemical Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44312-3601, United States
| | - Jeffrey J Rack
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87111, United States
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21
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Rupp MT, Shevchenko N, Hanan GS, Kurth DG. Enhancing the photophysical properties of Ru(II) complexes by specific design of tridentate ligands. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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22
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Paul S, Kundu P, Kondaiah P, Chakravarty AR. BODIPY-Ruthenium(II) Bis-Terpyridine Complexes for Cellular Imaging and Type-I/-II Photodynamic Therapy. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:16178-16193. [PMID: 34672556 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of multichromophoric ruthenium(II) complexes with the formulation [Ru(tpy-BODIPY)(tpy-R)]Cl2 (1-4), having a heteroleptic Ru(II)-bis-tpy (tpy = 4'-phenyl-2,2':6',2″-terpyridine) moiety covalently linked to a boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) pendant, have been prepared and characterized and their application as a phototherapeutic and photodetection agent in cancer therapy has been explored. Ligand L1 with a terpyridine-BODIPY moiety and complex 1 as its PF6 salt (1a) have been structurally characterized by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study. Complex 1a has a distorted-octahedral RuN6 core with a Ru(II)-bis-terpyridine unit that is covalently linked to one photoactive BODIPY unit. The complexes exhibit strong absorbance near 502 nm (ε ≈ (3.7-7.8) × 104 M-1 cm-1) and high singlet oxygen sensitization ability, giving singlet oxygen quantum yield (ΦΔ) values ranging from 0.57 to 0.75 in DMSO. An emission-based study using complex 4 and Singlet Oxygen Sensor Green (SOSG) displays the formation of singlet oxygen inside the cells and also in the buffer medium upon light irradiation. DNA (pUC19) photocleavage experiments using ROS scavengers/stabilizers reveal photoinduced generation of singlet oxygen by a type-II process and of the superoxide anion radical by a type-I process. Complex 4 having a pendant biotin moiety as a cancer cell targeting group shows high photocytotoxicity with a remarkable phototherapeutic index (PI) value of >1400 in HeLa cancer cells with a low light dose activation (400-700 nm, 2.2 J cm-2). The complexes display reduced activity in noncancerous HPL1D cells. The emission property of the complexes is used for cellular imaging, thus making them suitable as next-generation theranostic PDT agents.
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23
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Lin L, Song X, Dong X, Li B. Nano-photosensitizers for enhanced photodynamic therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 36:102597. [PMID: 34699982 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) utilizes photosensitizers (PSs) together with irradiation light of specific wavelength interacting with oxygen to generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), which could trigger apoptosis and/or necrosis-induced cell death in target tissues. During the past two decades, multifunctional nano-PSs employing nanotechnology and nanomedicine developed, which present not only photosensitizing properties but additionally accurate drug release abilities, efficient response to optical stimuli and hypoxia resistance. Further, nano-PSs have been developed to enhance PDT efficacy by improving the ROS yield. In addition, nano-PSs with additive or synergistic therapies are significant for both currently preclinical study and future clinical practice, given their capability of considerable higher therapeutic efficacy under safer systemic drug dosage. In this review, nano-PSs that allow precise drug delivery for efficient absorption by target cells are introduced. Nano-PSs boosting sensitivity and conversion efficiency to PDT-activating stimuli are highlighted. Nano-PSs developed to address the challenging hypoxia conditions during PDT of deep-sited tumors are summarized. Specifically, PSs capable of synergistic therapy and the emerging novel types with higher ROS yield that further enhance PDT efficacy are presented. Finally, future demands for ideal nano-PSs, emphasizing clinical translation and application are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lin
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - Xuejiao Song
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics and Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Technology University, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Xiaocheng Dong
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics and Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Technology University, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Buhong Li
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China.
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24
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Ryan RT, Havrylyuk D, Stevens KC, Moore LH, Parkin S, Blackburn JS, Heidary DK, Selegue JP, Glazer EC. Biological Investigations of Ru(II) Complexes With Diverse β-diketone Ligands. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021; 2021:3611-3621. [PMID: 34539235 PMCID: PMC8447810 DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The β-diketone scaffold is a commonly used synthetic intermediate, and is a functional group found in natural products such as curcuminoids. This core structure can also act as a chelating ligand for a variety of metals. In order to assess the potential of this scaffold for medicinal inorganic chemistry, seven different κ2-O,O'-chelating ligands were used to construct Ru(II) complexes with polypyridyl co-ligands, and their biological activity was evaluated. The complexes demonstrated promising structure-dependent cytotoxicity. Three complexes maintained high activity in a tumor spheroid model, and all complexes demonstrated low in vivo toxicity in a zebrafish model. From this series, the best compound exhibited a ~ 30-fold window between cytotoxicity in a 3-D tumor spheroid model and potential in vivo toxicity. These results suggest that κ2-O,O'-ligands can be incorporated into Ru(II)-polypyridyl complexes to create favorable candidates for future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael T Ryan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, 505 Rose Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - Dmytro Havrylyuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, 505 Rose Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - Kimberly C Stevens
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, 505 Rose Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - L Henry Moore
- University of Kentucky, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, 741 S. Limestone, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Sean Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, 505 Rose Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - Jessica S Blackburn
- University of Kentucky, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, 741 S. Limestone, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - David K Heidary
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, 505 Rose Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - John P Selegue
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, 505 Rose Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - Edith C Glazer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, 505 Rose Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
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25
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Towards the design, synthesis and preliminary biological evaluation of potential corono and clipcarbenes: Novel bis-imidazolium-bis-heterocycle macrocyclic ligands. Tetrahedron Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2021.153288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Wu S, Wu Z, Ge Q, Zheng X, Yang Z. Antitumor activity of tridentate pincer and related metal complexes. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:5254-5273. [PMID: 34059868 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00577d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Pincer complexes featuring tunable tridentate ligand frameworks are one of the most actively studied classes of metal-based complexes. Currently, growing attention is devoted to the cytotoxicity of pincer and related metal complexes. The antiproliferative activity of numerous pincer complexes has been reported. Pincer tridentate ligand scaffolds show different coordination modes and offer multiple options for directed structural modifications. This review summarizes the significant progress in the research studies of the antitumor activity of pincer and related platinum(ii), gold(iii), palladium(ii), copper(ii), iron(iii), ruthenium(ii), nickel(ii) and some other metal complexes, in order to provide a reference for designing novel metal coordination drug candidates with promising antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulei Wu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, 28 Western Changsheng Road, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, PR China.
| | - Zaoduan Wu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, 28 Western Changsheng Road, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, PR China.
| | - Qianyi Ge
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, 28 Western Changsheng Road, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, PR China.
| | - Xing Zheng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, 28 Western Changsheng Road, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, PR China.
| | - Zehua Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment Responsive Drug Research, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Institute of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, 28 Western Changsheng Road, Hengyang 421001, Hunan, PR China.
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27
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Elsabawy KM, Fallatah AM, Owidah ZO. Tailored assembly synthesis of newly functionalized ruthenium (II)-urea-linked-warfarin complex-leads to coordinated MOFs as anticancer. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2021.108488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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28
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Hachey AC, Havrylyuk D, Glazer EC. Biological activities of polypyridyl-type ligands: implications for bioinorganic chemistry and light-activated metal complexes. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2021; 61:191-202. [PMID: 33799087 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polypyridyl coordinating ligands are common in metal complexes used in medicinal inorganic chemistry. These ligands possess intrinsic cytotoxicity, but detailed data on this phenomenon are sparse, and cytotoxicity values vary widely and are often irreproducible. To provide new insights into the biological effects of bipyridyl-type ligands and structurally related metal-binding systems, reports of free ligand cytotoxicity were reviewed. The cytotoxicity of 25 derivatives of 2,2'-bipyridine and 1,10-phenanthroline demonstrates that there is no correlation between IC50 values and ligand properties such as pKa, log D, polarizability volume, and electron density, as indicated by NMR shifts. As a result of these observations, as well as the various reported mechanisms of action of polypyridyl ligands, we offer the hypothesis that biological effects are governed by the availability of and affinity for specific metal ions within the experimental model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin C Hachey
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kentucky, 505 Rose St, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Dmytro Havrylyuk
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kentucky, 505 Rose St, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Edith C Glazer
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Kentucky, 505 Rose St, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.
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29
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Zhao X, Liu J, Fan J, Chao H, Peng X. Recent progress in photosensitizers for overcoming the challenges of photodynamic therapy: from molecular design to application. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:4185-4219. [PMID: 33527104 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00173b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 482] [Impact Index Per Article: 160.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT), a therapeutic mode involving light triggering, has been recognized as an attractive oncotherapy treatment. However, nonnegligible challenges remain for its further clinical use, including finite tumor suppression, poor tumor targeting, and limited therapeutic depth. The photosensitizer (PS), being the most important element of PDT, plays a decisive role in PDT treatment. This review summarizes recent progress made in the development of PSs for overcoming the above challenges. This progress has included PSs developed to display enhanced tolerance of the tumor microenvironment, improved tumor-specific selectivity, and feasibility of use in deep tissue. Based on their molecular photophysical properties and design directions, the PSs are classified by parent structures, which are discussed in detail from the molecular design to application. Finally, a brief summary of current strategies for designing PSs and future perspectives are also presented. We expect the information provided in this review to spur the further design of PSs and the clinical development of PDT-mediated cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueze Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 2 Linggong Road, 116024 Dalian, China.
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30
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Bhattacharyya A, Jameei A, Saha R, Garai A, Karande AA, Chakravarty AR. BODIPY-linked cis-dichlorido zinc(ii) conjugates: the strategic design of organelle-specific next-generation theranostic photosensitizers. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:103-115. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03342a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cis-dichlorido Zn(ii)–BODIPY-based smart theranostic photosensitizers, as alternatives to Zn-porphyrins/phthalocyanines, show mitochondrion-targeted and imaging guided type-II photodynamic therapeutic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Bhattacharyya
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560012
- India
| | - Aida Jameei
- Department of Biochemistry
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560012
- India
| | - Rupak Saha
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560012
- India
| | - Aditya Garai
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560012
- India
| | - Anjali A. Karande
- Department of Biochemistry
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560012
- India
| | - Akhil R. Chakravarty
- Department of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Science
- Bangalore 560012
- India
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Karges J. Combining Inorganic Chemistry and Biology: The Underestimated Potential of Metal Complexes in Medicine. Chembiochem 2020; 21:3044-3046. [PMID: 32896976 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The vast majority of investigated compounds in modern medicine are based on organic molecules. Within the last decades, the field of medicinial chemistry is shifting towards the application of metal complexes. These compounds offer different mechanisms of action in comparison to organic molecules due to their unique properties, making them novel drug candidates. Herein, the successful combination of metal containing compounds and medicine is highlighted by their application for photodynamic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Karges
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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