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Salih AK, Khozeimeh Sarbisheh E, Raheem SJ, Dominguez-Garcia M, Mehlhorn HH, Price EW. Synthesis and evaluation of bifunctional DFO2K: a modular chelator with ideal properties for zirconium-89 chelation. Dalton Trans 2024. [PMID: 39041240 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01830c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis and evaluation of the newest generation of our DFO2 chelator family-DFO2K-is described. DFO2K was designed with a simple synthetic route to access different bifunctional derivatives, with each derivative having similar metal ion coordination spheres and high denticity (up to 12 coordinate) to ensure stable coordination of zirconium-89. The high denticity could potentially enhance stability with other large oxophilic radiometals. Zirconium-89 is the most popular radionuclide to pair with large macromolecules such as antibodies (immunoPET) for positron emission tomography applications. Although clinically successful, the stability of the "gold standard" chelator desferrioxamine B (DFO) can be improved as significant bone uptake is observed in animal models, despite no obvious stability issues in humans. Following the synthesis of DFO2K we assessed its radiolabeling efficiency with zirconium-89 and compared with DFO, which revealed rapid and nearly identical radiolabeling kinetics to DFO. The resultant [89Zr]Zr-DFO2K complex showed improved stability over [89Zr]Zr-DFO in different in vitro stability assays such as hydroxyapatite and 1000-fold molar excess EDTA challenges. Furthermore, biodistribution studies of the non-bifunctional chelators in healthy mice showed that [89Zr]Zr-DFO2K had a similar distribution profile and clearance to [89Zr]Zr-DFO. The bifunctional derivative p-SCN-Ph-DFO2K was conjugated to a non-specific human IgG antibody and evaluated after 2 weeks circulating in healthy female CD1 mice. Mice administered [89Zr]Zr-DFO2K-IgG showed substantially lower bone uptake in PET-CT images than [89Zr]Zr-DFO-IgG, with PET ROI data and ex vivo biodistribution revealing a statistically significantly lower bone uptake for DFO2K. Overall, owing to its high denticity, ease of synthesis, improved solubility over DFO2 and DFO2p, and stable chelation of zirconium-89, DFO2K appears to be an improved alternative chelator to DFO for zirconium-89 chelation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akam K Salih
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, 110 Science Place, S7N-5C9, Canada.
| | | | - Shvan J Raheem
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, 110 Science Place, S7N-5C9, Canada.
| | - Moralba Dominguez-Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, 110 Science Place, S7N-5C9, Canada.
| | - Hillary H Mehlhorn
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, 110 Science Place, S7N-5C9, Canada.
| | - Eric W Price
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, 110 Science Place, S7N-5C9, Canada.
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2
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Mangin F, Fonquernie O, Jewula P, Brandès S, Penouilh MJ, Bonnin Q, Vincent B, Espinosa E, Aubert E, Meyer M, Chambron JC. Combining Desferriferrioxamine B and 1-Hydroxy-2-Piperidone ((PIPO)H) to Chelate Zirconium. Solution Structure of a Model Complex of the [ 89Zr]Zr-DFOcyclo*-mAb Radioimmunoconjugate. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202400062. [PMID: 38613508 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202400062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
89Zr-immunoPET is a hot topic as 89Zr cumulates the advantages of 64Cu and 124I without their drawbacks. We report the synthesis of a model ligand of a chiral bioconjugable tetrahydroxamic chelator combining the desferriferrioxamine B siderophore and 1-hydroxy-2-piperidone ((PIPO)H), a chiral cyclic hydroxamic acid derivative, and the study by NMR spectroscopy of its zirconium complex. Nuclear Overhauser effect measurements (ROESY) indicated that the complex exists in the form of two diastereomers, in 77 : 23 ratio, resulting from the combination of the central chiralities at the 3-C of the (PIPO)H component and at the Zr4+ cation. The 44 lowest energy structures out of more than 1000 configurations/conformations returned by calculations based on density functional theory were examined. Comparison of the ROESY data and the calculated interatomic H⋅⋅⋅H distances allowed us to select the most probable configuration and conformations of the major complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriane Mangin
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne UMR 6302 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, 9, avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, 21078, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Osian Fonquernie
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne UMR 6302 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, 9, avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, 21078, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Pawel Jewula
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne UMR 6302 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, 9, avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, 21078, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Brandès
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne UMR 6302 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, 9, avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, 21078, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Marie-José Penouilh
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne UMR 6302 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, 9, avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, 21078, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Quentin Bonnin
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne UMR 6302 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, 9, avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, 21078, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Bruno Vincent
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg UMR 7177 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, 67070, Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | - Michel Meyer
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne UMR 6302 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, 9, avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, 21078, Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Claude Chambron
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne UMR 6302 CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, 9, avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, 21078, Dijon Cedex, France
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg UMR 7177 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 4, rue Blaise Pascal, 67070, Strasbourg, France
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3
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Albanese V, Roccatello C, Pacifico S, Guerrini R, Preti D, Gentili S, Tegoni M, Remelli M, Bellotti D, Amico J, Gorgoni G, Cazzola E. Bifunctional octadentate pseudopeptides as Zirconium-89 chelators for immuno-PET applications. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2024; 9:38. [PMID: 38705946 PMCID: PMC11070408 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-024-00263-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Positron emission tomography (PET) is a highly sensitive method that provides fine resolution images, useful in the field of clinical diagnostics. In this context, Zirconium-89 (89Zr)-based imaging agents have represented a great challenge in molecular imaging with immuno-PET, which employs antibodies (mAbs) as biological vectors. Indeed, immuno-PET requires radionuclides that can be attached to the mAb to provide stable in vivo conjugates, and for this purpose, the radioactive element should have a decay half-life compatible with the time needed for the biodistribution of the immunoglobulin. In this regard, 89Zr is an ideal radioisotope for immuno-PET because its half-life perfectly matches the in vivo pharmacokinetics of mAbs. RESULTS The main objective of this work was the design and synthesis of a series of bifunctional octadentate pseudopeptides able to generate stable 89Zr complexes. To achieve this, here we investigated hydroxamate, N-methylhydroxamate and catecholate chelating moieties in complexing radioactive zirconium. N-methylhydroxamate proved to be the most effective 89Zr-chelating group. Furthermore, the increased flexibility and hydrophilicity obtained by using polyoxyethylene groups spacing the hydroxamate units led to chelators capable of rapidly forming (15 min) stable and water-soluble complexes with 89Zr under mild reaction conditions (aqueous environment, room temperature, and physiological pH) that are mandatory for complexation reactions involving biomolecules. Additionally, we report challenge experiments with the competitor ligand EDTA and metal ions such as Fe3+, Zn2+ and Cu2+. In all examined conditions, the chelators demonstrated stability against transmetallation. Finally, a maleimide moiety was introduced to apply one of the most promising ligands in bioconjugation reactions through Thiol-Michael chemistry. CONCLUSION Combining solid phase and solution synthesis techniques, we identified novel 89Zr-chelating molecules with a peptide scaffold. The adopted chemical design allowed modulation of molecular flexibility, hydrophilicity, as well as the decoration with different zirconium chelating groups. Best results in terms of 89Zr-chelating properties were achieved with the N-methyl hydroxamate moiety. The Zirconium complexes obtained with the most effective compounds were water-soluble, stable to transmetallation, and resistant to peptidases for at least 6 days. Further studies are needed to assess the potential of this novel class of molecules as Zirconium-chelating agents for in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Albanese
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Palazzo Turchi di Bagno, C.So Ercole I d'Este 32, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Chiara Roccatello
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Salvatore Pacifico
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Remo Guerrini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Delia Preti
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silvia Gentili
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area Delle Scienze 11/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Matteo Tegoni
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area Delle Scienze 11/A, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Maurizio Remelli
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Denise Bellotti
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Jonathan Amico
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Via Don A. Sempreboni 5, 37024, Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Gorgoni
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Via Don A. Sempreboni 5, 37024, Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy
| | - Emiliano Cazzola
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Via Don A. Sempreboni 5, 37024, Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy
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Basuli F, Vasalatiy O, Shi J, Lane KC, Escorcia FE, Swenson RE. Preparation of a Zirconium-89 Labeled Clickable DOTA Complex and Its Antibody Conjugate. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:480. [PMID: 38675440 PMCID: PMC11053460 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Desferrioxamine B (DFO) is the clinical standard chelator for preparing zirconium-89 labeled antibodies. In the current study, the stabilities of a zirconium-89 labeled panitumumab (PAN; Vectibix®) with three different chelators (DFO, DFO*, and DOTA) were compared. PAN is an anti-HER1/EGFR monoclonal antibody approved by the FDA for the treatment of HER1-expressing colorectal cancers and was used as the model antibody for this study. DFO/DFO* conjugates of PAN were directly radiolabeled with zirconium-89 at room temperature to produce [89Zr]Zr-DFO/DFO*-PAN conjugates following a well-established procedure. A zirconium-89 labeled DOTA-PAN conjugate was prepared by an indirect radiolabeling method. A cyclooctyne-linked DOTA chelator (BCN-DOTA-GA) was first radiolabeled with zirconium-89 at 90 °C under a two-step basic pH adjustment method followed by conjugation with PAN-tetrazene at 37 °C to produce a labeled conjugate, BCN-[89Zr]Zr-DOTA-GA-PAN. High reproducibility of the radiolabeling was observed via this two-step basic pH adjustment. The overall radiochemical yield was 40-50% (n = 12, decay uncorrected) with a radiochemical purity of >95% in 2 h synthesis time. All three conjugates were stable in whole human serum for up to 7 days at 37 °C. The kinetic inertness of the conjugates was assessed against the EDTA challenge. BCN-[89Zr]Zr-DOTA-GA-PAN exhibited excellent inertness followed by [89Zr]Zr-DFO*-PAN. [89Zr]Zr-DFO-PAN displayed the lowest level of inertness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falguni Basuli
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (O.V.); (J.S.); (K.C.L.); (R.E.S.)
| | - Olga Vasalatiy
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (O.V.); (J.S.); (K.C.L.); (R.E.S.)
| | - Jianfeng Shi
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (O.V.); (J.S.); (K.C.L.); (R.E.S.)
| | - Kelly C. Lane
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (O.V.); (J.S.); (K.C.L.); (R.E.S.)
| | - Freddy E. Escorcia
- Molecular Imaging Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA;
- Radiation Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rolf E. Swenson
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (O.V.); (J.S.); (K.C.L.); (R.E.S.)
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5
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Lu X, Zhang YY, Cheng W, Liu Y, Li Q, Li X, Dong F, Li J, Nie X. Chelating Effect of Siderophore Desferrioxamine-B on Uranyl Biomineralization Mediated by Shewanella putrefaciens. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:3974-3984. [PMID: 38306233 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
In contaminated water and soil, little is known about the role and mechanism of the biometabolic molecule siderophore desferrioxamine-B (DFO) in the biogeochemical cycle of uranium due to complicated coordination and reaction networks. Here, a joint experimental and quantum chemical investigation is carried out to probe the biomineralization of uranyl (UO22+, referred to as U(VI) hereafter) induced by Shewanella putrefaciens (abbreviated as S. putrefaciens) in the presence of DFO and Fe3+ ion. The results show that the production of mineralized solids {hydrogen-uranium mica [H2(UO2)2(PO4)2·8H2O]} via S. putrefaciens binding with UO22+ is inhibited by DFO, which can both chelate preferentially UO22+ to form a U(VI)-DFO complex in solution and seize it from U(VI)-biominerals upon solvation. However, with Fe3+ ion introduced, the strong specificity of DFO binding with Fe3+ causes re-emergence of biomineralization of UO22+ {bassetite [Fe(UO2)2(PO4)2·8(H2O)]} by S. putrefaciens, owing to competitive complexation between Fe3+ and UO22+ for DFO. As DFO possesses three hydroxamic functional groups, it forms hexadentate coordination with Fe3+ and UO22+ ions via these functional groups. The stability of the Fe3+-DFO complex is much higher than that of U(VI)-DFO, resulting in some DFO-released UO22+ to be remobilized by S. putrefaciens. Our finding not only adds to the understanding of the fate of toxic U(VI)-containing substances in the environment and biogeochemical cycles in the future but also suggests the promising potential of utilizing functionalized DFO ligands for uranium processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Lu
- National Collaborative Innovation Center for Nuclear Waste and Environmental Safety, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang621000, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yang-Yang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wencai Cheng
- National Collaborative Innovation Center for Nuclear Waste and Environmental Safety, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang621000, China
| | - Yingzhangyang Liu
- National Collaborative Innovation Center for Nuclear Waste and Environmental Safety, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang621000, China
| | - Qingrong Li
- National Collaborative Innovation Center for Nuclear Waste and Environmental Safety, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang621000, China
| | - Xiaoan Li
- Mianyang Central Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation, Mianyang 621000, China
| | - Faqin Dong
- National Collaborative Innovation Center for Nuclear Waste and Environmental Safety, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang621000, China
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle of Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Chemistry and Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare-Earth Materials of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiaoqin Nie
- National Collaborative Innovation Center for Nuclear Waste and Environmental Safety, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang621000, China
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle of Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
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Ramogida C, Price E. Transition and Post-Transition Radiometals for PET Imaging and Radiotherapy. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2729:65-101. [PMID: 38006492 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3499-8_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Radiometals are an exciting class of radionuclides because of the large number of metallic elements available that have medically useful isotopes. To properly harness radiometals, they must be securely bound by chelators, which must be carefully matched to the radiometal ion to maximize radiolabeling performance and the stability of the resulting complex. This chapter focuses on practical aspects of radiometallation chemistry including chelator selection, radiolabeling procedures and conditions, radiolysis prevention, purification, quality control, requisite equipment and reagents, and useful tips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Ramogida
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
- Life Sciences Division, TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Eric Price
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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7
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Salih AK, Dominguez Garcia M, Raheem SJ, Ahiahonu WK, Price EW. DFO-Km: A Modular Chelator as a New Chemical Tool for the Construction of Zirconium-89-Based Radiopharmaceuticals. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:20806-20819. [PMID: 37751491 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Zirconium-89-labeled monoclonal antibodies and other large macromolecules such as nanoparticles hold great promise as positron emission tomography imaging agents. In general, zirconium-89 is an ideal radionuclide for long-circulating vectors such as antibodies or nanoparticles. It is also a promising radionuclide for theranostic radiopharmaceuticals due to its suitable match in half-life with actinium-225, thorium-227, lutetium-177, and others. As such, demand for new and optimized bifunctional chelators for zirconium-89 continues to grow. Herein, we present the modular chelator DFO-Km, which is octadentate and features lysine as a modular amino acid linker. The modular amino acid linker can be changed to other natural or unnatural amino acids to access different bioconjugation chemistries, while the chelating portion is unchanged thus retaining identical metal ion coordination properties to DFO-Km. The epsilon-amine in the DFO-Km linker (lysine) was used to complete synthesis of a bifunctional derivative bearing a p-SCN-Ph moiety. The chelator DFO-Km includes a redesigned hydroxamic acid, which provides more flexibility for metal ion coordination relative to the monomer used in the previously published DFO-Em. Moreover, a set of comprehensive DFT calculations were performed to model and evaluate 16 geometric isomers of Zr-(DFO-Km), which suggested the complex would form the optimum cic-cis-trans-trans octadentate Zr(IV) coordination geometry with no aqua or hydroxide ligands present. The bifunctional derivative p-SCN-Ph-DFO-Km was compared directly with the commercially available p-SCN-Ph-DFO, and both underwent efficient conjugation to a nonspecific human serum antibody (IgG) to yield two model immunoconjugates. The behavior of [89Zr]Zr-DFO-Km-IgG was studied in healthy mice for 2 weeks and compared to an equivalent cohort injected with [89Zr]Zr-DFO-IgG as a clinical "gold standard" control. PET-CT and biodistribution results revealed higher stability of [89Zr]Zr-(DFO-Km)-IgG in vivo over [89Zr]Zr-DFO-IgG, as demonstrated by the significant reduction of zirconium-89 in the whole skeleton as visualized and quantified by PET-CT at 1, 3, 7, and 14 days post-injection. Using CT-gated regions of interest over these PET-CT images, the whole skeleton was selected and uptake values were measured at 14 days post-injection of 3.6 ± 0.9 (DFO) vs 1.9 ± 0.1 (DFO-Km) %ID/g (n = 4, * p = 0.02), which represents a ∼48% reduction in bone uptake with DFO-Km relative to DFO. Biodistribution experiments performed on these same mice following the 14 day imaging time point revealed bone (both tibia) uptake values of 3.7 ± 1.3 (DFO) vs 2.0 ± 0.6 (DFO-Km) %ID/g (n = 6, * p < 0.05), with the tibia uptake values in close agreement with whole-skeleton ROI PET-CT data. These results indicate that DFO-Km is an improved chelator for [89Zr]Zr4+ applications relative to DFO. The bifunctional chelator p-SCN-Ph-DFO-Km shows potential as a new chemical tool for creating bioconjugates using targeting vectors such as antibodies, peptides, and nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akam K Salih
- Radiopharmacology, Mariana Oncology, Woburn, Massachusetts 01801, United States
| | - Moralba Dominguez Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N-5C9, Canada
| | - Shvan J Raheem
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N-5C9, Canada
| | - William K Ahiahonu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N-5C9, Canada
| | - Eric W Price
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N-5C9, Canada
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8
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Outzen L, Münzmay M, Frangioni JV, Maison W. Synthesis of Modular Desferrioxamine Analogues and Evaluation of Zwitterionic Derivatives for Zirconium Complexation. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202300112. [PMID: 37057615 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
The natural siderophore desferrioxamine B (DFOB) has been used for targeted PET imaging with 89 Zr before. However, Zr-DFOB has a limited stability and a number of derivatives have been developed with improved chelation properties for zirconium. We describe the synthesis of pseudopeptidic analogues of DFOB with azido side chains. These are termed AZA-DFO (hexadentate) and AZA-DFO* (octadentate) and are assembled via a modular synthesis from Orn-β-Ala and Lys-β-Ala. Nine different chelators have been conjugated to zwitterionic moieties by copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). The resulting water-soluble chelators form Zr complexes under mild conditions (room temperature for 90 min). Transchelation assays with 1000-fold excess of EDTA and 300-fold excess of DFOB revealed that a short spacing of hydroxamates in (Orn-β-Ala)3-4 leads to improved complex stability compared to a longer spacing in (Lys-β-Ala)3-4 . We found that the alignment of amide groups in the pseudopeptide backbone and the presence of zwitterionic sidechains did not compromise the stability of the Zr-complexes with our chelators. We believe that the octadentate derivative AZA-DFO* is particularly valuable for the preparation of new Zr-chelators for targeted imaging which combine tunable pharmacokinetic properties with high complex stability and fast Zr-complexation kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse Outzen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 45, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Moritz Münzmay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 45, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Maison
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 45, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
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9
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Qian L, Lin X, Gao X, Khan RU, Liao JY, Du S, Ge J, Zeng S, Yao SQ. The Dawn of a New Era: Targeting the "Undruggables" with Antibody-Based Therapeutics. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37186942 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The high selectivity and affinity of antibodies toward their antigens have made them a highly valuable tool in disease therapy, diagnosis, and basic research. A plethora of chemical and genetic approaches have been devised to make antibodies accessible to more "undruggable" targets and equipped with new functions of illustrating or regulating biological processes more precisely. In this Review, in addition to introducing how naked antibodies and various antibody conjugates (such as antibody-drug conjugates, antibody-oligonucleotide conjugates, antibody-enzyme conjugates, etc.) work in therapeutic applications, special attention has been paid to how chemistry tools have helped to optimize the therapeutic outcome (i.e., with enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects) or facilitate the multifunctionalization of antibodies, with a focus on emerging fields such as targeted protein degradation, real-time live-cell imaging, catalytic labeling or decaging with spatiotemporal control as well as the engagement of antibodies inside cells. With advances in modern chemistry and biotechnology, well-designed antibodies and their derivatives via size miniaturization or multifunctionalization together with efficient delivery systems have emerged, which have gradually improved our understanding of important biological processes and paved the way to pursue novel targets for potential treatments of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghui Qian
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xuefen Lin
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xue Gao
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Rizwan Ullah Khan
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jia-Yu Liao
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shubo Du
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jingyan Ge
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Su Zeng
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shao Q Yao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117544
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10
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Khozeimeh Sarbisheh E, Summers KL, Salih AK, Cotelesage JJH, Zimmerling A, Pickering IJ, George GN, Price EW. Radiochemical, Computational, and Spectroscopic Evaluation of High-Denticity Desferrioxamine Derivatives DFO2 and DFO2p toward an Ideal Zirconium-89 Chelate Platform. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:2637-2651. [PMID: 36716427 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Desferrioxamine (DFO) has long been considered the gold standard chelator for incorporating [89Zr]Zr4+ in radiopharmaceuticals for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. To improve the stability of DFO with zirconium-89 and to expand its coordination sphere to enable binding of large therapeutic radiometals, we have synthesized the highest denticity DFO derivatives to date: dodecadentate DFO2 and DFO2p. In this study, we describe the synthesis and characterization of a novel DFO-based chelator, DFO2p, which is comprised of two DFO strands connected by an p-NO2-phenyl linker and therefore contains double the chelating moieties of DFO (potential coordination number up to 12 vs 6). The chelator DFO2p offers an optimized synthesis comprised of only a single reaction step and improves water solubility relative to DFO2, but the shorter linker reduces molecular flexibility. Both DFO2 and DFO2p, each with 6 potential hydroxamate ligands, are able to reach a more energetically favorable 8-coordinate environment for Zr(IV) than DFO. The zirconium(IV) coordination environment of these complexes were evaluated by a combination of density functional theory (DFT) calculations and synchrotron spectroscopy (extended X-ray absorption fine structure), which suggest the inner-coordination sphere of zirconium(IV) to be comprised of the outermost four hydroxamate ligands. These results also confirm a single Zr(IV) in each chelator, and the hydroxide ligands which complete the coordination sphere of Zr(IV)-DFO are absent from Zr(IV)-DFO2 and Zr(IV)-DFO2p. Radiochemical stability studies with zirconium-89 revealed the order of real-world stability to be DFO2 > DFO2p ≫ DFO. The zirconium-89 complexes of these new high-denticity chelators were found to be far more stable than DFO, and the decreased molecular flexibility of DFO2p, relative to DFO2, could explain its decreased stability, relative to DFO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Khozeimeh Sarbisheh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SKS7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Kelly L Summers
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SKS7N 5C9, Canada.,Molecular and Environmental Science Group, Department of Geological Sciences, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SKS7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Akam K Salih
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SKS7N 5C9, Canada
| | - Julien J H Cotelesage
- Molecular and Environmental Science Group, Department of Geological Sciences, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SKS7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Amanda Zimmerling
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SKS7N 5A9, Canada
| | - Ingrid J Pickering
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SKS7N 5C9, Canada.,Molecular and Environmental Science Group, Department of Geological Sciences, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SKS7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Graham N George
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SKS7N 5C9, Canada.,Molecular and Environmental Science Group, Department of Geological Sciences, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SKS7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Eric W Price
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SKS7N 5C9, Canada
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11
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Salih AK, Raheem SJ, Garcia MD, Ahiahonu WK, Price EW. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of DFO-Em: A Modular Chelator with Octadentate Chelation for Optimal Zirconium-89 Radiochemistry. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:20964-20976. [PMID: 36516446 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Zirconium-89 has quickly become a favorite radionuclide among academics and clinicians for nuclear imaging. This radiometal has a relatively long half-life, which matches the biological half-life of most antibodies, suitable decay properties for positron emission tomography (PET), and efficient and affordable cyclotron production and purification. The "gold standard" chelator for [89Zr]Zr4+ is desferrioxamine B (DFO), and although it has been used both preclinically and clinically for immunoPET with great success, it has revealed its suboptimal stability in vivo. DFO can only bind to [89Zr]Zr4+ through its six available coordination sites made up by three hydroxamic acid (HA) moieties, which is not sufficient to saturate the coordination sphere (CN 7-8). In this study, we have designed, synthesized, and characterized a new octadentate chelator we have called DFO-Em, which is an improved derivative of our previously published dodecadentate chelator DFO2. This octadentate DFO-Em chelator is smaller than DFO2 but still satisfies the coordination sphere of zirconium-89 and forms a highly stable radiometal-chelator complex. DFO-Em was synthesized by tethering a hydroxamic acid monomer to commercially available DFO using glutamic acid as a linker, providing an octadentate chelator built on a modular amino acid-based synthesis platform. Radiolabeling performance and radiochemical stability of DFO-Em were assessed in vitro by serum stability, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), and hydroxyapatite challenges. Furthermore, [89Zr]Zr-(DFO-Em) and [89Zr]Zr-DFO were injected in healthy mice and measured in vivo by PET/CT imaging and ex vivo biodistribution. Additionally, the coordination of DFO-Em with Zr(IV) and its isomers was studied using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The radiolabeling studies revealed that DFO-Em has a comparable radiolabeling profile to the gold standard chelator DFO. The in vitro stability evaluation showed that [89Zr]Zr-(DFO-Em) was significantly more stable than [89Zr]Zr-DFO, and in vivo both had similar clearance in healthy mice with a small decrease in tissue retention for [89Zr]Zr-(DFO-Em) at 24 h post injection. The DFT calculations also confirmed that Zr-(DFO-Em) can adopt highly stable 8-coordinate geometries, which along with NMR characterization suggest no fluxional behavior and the presence of a single isomer. The modular design of DFO-Em means that any natural or unnatural amino acid can be utilized as a linker to gain access to different chemistries (e.g., thiol, amine, carboxylic acid, azide) while retaining an identical coordination sphere to DFO-Em.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akam K Salih
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, S7N-5C9Saskatoon, SKCanada
| | - Shvan J Raheem
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, S7N-5C9Saskatoon, SKCanada
| | - Moralba Dominguez Garcia
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, S7N-5C9Saskatoon, SKCanada
| | - William K Ahiahonu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, S7N-5C9Saskatoon, SKCanada
| | - Eric W Price
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, S7N-5C9Saskatoon, SKCanada
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12
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Winter G, Eberhardt N, Löffler J, Raabe M, Alam MNA, Hao L, Abaei A, Herrmann H, Kuntner C, Glatting G, Solbach C, Jelezko F, Weil T, Beer AJ, Rasche V. Preclinical PET and MR Evaluation of 89Zr- and 68Ga-Labeled Nanodiamonds in Mice over Different Time Scales. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4471. [PMID: 36558325 PMCID: PMC9780863 DOI: 10.3390/nano12244471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanodiamonds (NDs) have high potential as a drug carrier and in combination with nitrogen vacancies (NV centers) for highly sensitive MR-imaging after hyperpolarization. However, little remains known about their physiological properties in vivo. PET imaging allows further evaluation due to its quantitative properties and high sensitivity. Thus, we aimed to create a preclinical platform for PET and MR evaluation of surface-modified NDs by radiolabeling with both short- and long-lived radiotracers. Serum albumin coated NDs, functionalized with PEG groups and the chelator deferoxamine, were labeled either with zirconium-89 or gallium-68. Their biodistribution was assessed in two different mouse strains. PET scans were performed at various time points up to 7 d after i.v. injection. Anatomical correlation was provided by additional MRI in a subset of animals. PET results were validated by ex vivo quantification of the excised organs using a gamma counter. Radiolabeled NDs accumulated rapidly in the liver and spleen with a slight increase over time, while rapid washout from the blood pool was observed. Significant differences between the investigated radionuclides were only observed for the spleen (1 h). In summary, we successfully created a preclinical PET and MR imaging platform for the evaluation of the biodistribution of NDs over different time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon Winter
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Nina Eberhardt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jessica Löffler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Experimental Cardiovascular Imaging, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Marco Raabe
- Department of Synthesis of Macromolecules, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Md. Noor A. Alam
- Department of Synthesis of Macromolecules, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Li Hao
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Experimental Cardiovascular Imaging, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Alireza Abaei
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Experimental Cardiovascular Imaging, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Hendrik Herrmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Claudia Kuntner
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Glatting
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Christoph Solbach
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Fedor Jelezko
- Institute for Quantum Optics, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Tanja Weil
- Department of Synthesis of Macromolecules, Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ambros J. Beer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Volker Rasche
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Experimental Cardiovascular Imaging, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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13
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Jung W, Lee DY, Moon E, Jon S. Nanoparticles derived from naturally occurring metal chelators for theranostic applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 191:114620. [PMID: 36379406 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Metals are indispensable for the activities of all living things, from single-celled organisms to higher organisms, including humans. Beyond their intrinsic quality as metal ions, metals help creatures to maintain requisite biological processes by forming coordination complexes with endogenous ligands that are broadly distributed in nature. These types of naturally occurring chelating reactions are found through the kingdoms of life, including bacteria, plants and animals. Mimicking these naturally occurring coordination complexes with intrinsic biocompatibility may offer an opportunity to develop nanomedicine toward clinical applications. Herein, we introduce representative examples of naturally occurring coordination complexes in a selection of model organisms and highlight such bio-inspired metal-chelating nanomaterials for theranostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonsik Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Center for Precision Bio-Nanomedicine, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Yun Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea; Translational Biomedical Research Group, Biomedical Research Center, Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eugene Moon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Center for Precision Bio-Nanomedicine, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyong Jon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Center for Precision Bio-Nanomedicine, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Rahman ML, Sarjadi MS, Sarkar SM, Walsh DJ, Hannan JJ. Poly(hydroxamic acid) resins and their applications. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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15
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Wang Q, Zhang X, Wei W, Cao M. PET Imaging of Lung Cancers in Precision Medicine: Current Landscape and Future Perspective. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:3471-3483. [PMID: 35771950 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite the recent advances in cancer treatment, lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Immunotherapies using immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) achieved substantial efficacy in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Currently, most ICIs are still a monoclonal antibody (mAb). Using mAbs or antibody derivatives labeled with radionuclide as the tracers, immunopositron emission tomography (immunoPET) possesses multiple advantages over traditional 18F-FDG PET in imaging lung cancers. ImmunoPET presents excellent potential in detecting, diagnosing, staging, risk stratification, treatment guidance, and recurrence monitoring of lung cancers. By using radiolabeled mAbs, immunoPET can visualize the biodistribution and uptake of ICIs, providing a noninvasive modality for patient stratification and response evaluation. Some novel targets and associated tracers for immunoPET have been discovered and investigated. This Review introduces the value of immunoPET in imaging lung cancers by summarizing both preclinical and clinical evidence. We also emphasize the value of immunoPET in optimizing immunotherapy in NSCLC. Lastly, immunoPET probes developed for imaging small cell lung cancer (SCLC) will also be discussed. Although the major focus is to summarize the immunoPET tracers for lung cancers, we also highlighted several small-molecule PET tracers to give readers a balanced view of the development status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200217, China
| | - Xindi Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200217, China
| | - Weijun Wei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200217, China
| | - Min Cao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200217, China
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16
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Toporivska Y, Mular A, Piasta K, Ostrowska M, Illuminati D, Baldi A, Albanese V, Pacifico S, Fritsky IO, Remelli M, Guerrini R, Gumienna-Kontecka E. Thermodynamic Stability and Speciation of Ga(III) and Zr(IV) Complexes with High-Denticity Hydroxamate Chelators. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:13332-13347. [PMID: 34414758 PMCID: PMC8424644 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Increasing attention
has been recently devoted to 89Zr(IV) and 68Ga(III) radionuclides, due to their favorable
decay characteristics for positron emission tomography (PET). In the
present paper, a deep investigation is presented on Ga(III) and Zr(IV)
complexes with a series of tri-(H3L1, H3L3, H3L4 and desferrioxamine
E, DFOE) and tetrahydroxamate (H4L2) ligands. Herein, we describe the rational
design and synthesis of two cyclic complexing agents (H3L1 and H4L2) bearing three and four hydroxamate
chelating groups, respectively. The ligand structures allow us to
take advantage of the macrocyclic effect; the H4L2 chelator contains an additional side
amino group available for a possible further conjugation with a biomolecule.
The thermodynamic stability of Ga(III) and Zr(IV) complexes in solution
has been measured using a combination of potentiometric and pH-dependent
UV–vis titrations, on the basis of metal–metal competition.
The Zr(IV)-H4L2 complex
is characterized by one of the highest formation constants reported
to date for a tetrahydroxamate zirconium chelate (log β = 45.9,
pZr = 37.0), although the complex-stability increase derived from
the introduction of the fourth hydroxamate binding unit is lower than
that predicted by theoretical calculations. Solution studies on Ga(III)
complexes revealed that H3L1 and H4L2 are stronger chelators in comparison to DFOB. The complex stability
obtained with the new ligands is also compared with that previously
reported for other hydroxamate ligands. In addition to increasing
the library of the thermodynamic stability data of Ga(III) and Zr(IV)
complexes, the present work allows new insights into Ga(III) and Zr(IV)
coordination chemistry and thermodynamics and broadens the selection
of available chelators for 68Ga(III) and 89Zr(IV). Solution equilibria studies on Ga(III)
and Zr(IV) complexes
with a series of tri- and tetrahydroxamate ligands are presented.
For this purpose, the rational design and synthesis of two cyclic
complexing agents bearing three and four hydroxamate chelating groups
was performed. The thermodynamic and speciation studies allow a discussion
of the structure−complex stability dependence. The Zr(IV)-tetrahydroxamate
complex is characterized by one of the highest formation constants
reported to date for a hydroxamate zirconium chelator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Toporivska
- University of Wroclaw, Faculty of Chemistry, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Andrzej Mular
- University of Wroclaw, Faculty of Chemistry, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Karolina Piasta
- University of Wroclaw, Faculty of Chemistry, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Ostrowska
- University of Wroclaw, Faculty of Chemistry, 14 F. Joliot-Curie, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Davide Illuminati
- University of Ferrara, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Farmaceutiche ed Agrarie, 46 Via Luigi Borsari, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Andrea Baldi
- University of Ferrara, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Farmaceutiche ed Agrarie, 46 Via Luigi Borsari, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Valentina Albanese
- University of Ferrara, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Farmaceutiche ed Agrarie, 46 Via Luigi Borsari, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Salvatore Pacifico
- University of Ferrara, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Farmaceutiche ed Agrarie, 46 Via Luigi Borsari, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Igor O Fritsky
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Department of Chemistry, 64 Volodymyrska Str., 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Maurizio Remelli
- University of Ferrara, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Farmaceutiche ed Agrarie, 46 Via Luigi Borsari, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Remo Guerrini
- University of Ferrara, Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Farmaceutiche ed Agrarie, 46 Via Luigi Borsari, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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17
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The Race for Hydroxamate-Based Zirconium-89 Chelators. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174466. [PMID: 34503276 PMCID: PMC8431476 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Chelators are small molecules that can form a complex with a metal ion by coordinating electron rich atoms from the chelator to the electron-poor cation. Bifunctionalization of the chelator allows for the coupling of the chelator to a vector, such as a biomolecule. Using this approach, radiolabeling of biomolecules with metallic radionuclides can be performed, enabling nuclear imaging studies for diagnosis and radiotherapy of diseases. In the case of positron emission tomography (PET) of radiolabeled antibodies, this approach is called immunoPET. In this review we focus on chelators using hydroxamate groups to coordinate the radionuclide zirconium-89 ([89Zr]Zr4+, denoted as 89Zr in the following). The most common chelator used in this context is desferrioxamine (DFO). However, preclinical studies indicate that the 89Zr-DFO complex is not stable enough in vivo, in particular when combined with biomolecules with slow pharmacokinetics (e.g., antibodies). Subsequently, new chelators with improved properties have been developed, of which some show promising potential. The progress is summarized in this review. Abstract Metallic radionuclides conjugated to biological vectors via an appropriate chelator are employed in nuclear medicine for the diagnosis (imaging) and radiotherapy of diseases. For the application of radiolabeled antibodies using positron emission tomography (immunoPET), zirconium-89 has gained increasing interest over the last decades as its physical properties (t1/2 = 78.4 h, 22.6% β+ decay) match well with the slow pharmacokinetics of antibodies (tbiol. = days to weeks) allowing for late time point imaging. The most commonly used chelator for 89Zr in this context is desferrioxamine (DFO). However, it has been shown in preclinical studies that the hexadentate DFO ligand does not provide 89Zr-complexes of sufficient stability in vivo and unspecific uptake of the osteophilic radiometal in bones is observed. For clinical applications, this might be of concern not only because of an unnecessary dose to the patient but also an increased background signal. As a consequence, next generation chelators based on hydroxamate scaffolds for more stable coordination of 89Zr have been developed by different research groups. In this review, we describe the progress in this research field until end of 2020, including promising examples of new candidates of chelators currently in advanced stages for clinical translation that outrun the performance of the current gold standard DFO.
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18
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Deferoxamine B: A Natural, Excellent and Versatile Metal Chelator. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26113255. [PMID: 34071479 PMCID: PMC8198152 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Deferoxamine B is an outstanding molecule which has been widely studied in the past decade for its ability to bind iron and many other metal ions. The versatility of this metal chelator makes it suitable for a number of medicinal and analytical applications, from the well-known iron chelation therapy to the most recent use in sensor devices. The three bidentate hydroxamic functional groups of deferoxamine B are the centerpiece of its metal binding ability, which allows the formation of stable complexes with many transition, lanthanoid and actinoid metal ions. In addition to the ferric ion, in fact, more than 20 different metal complexes of deferoxamine b have been characterized in terms of their chemical speciation in solution. In addition, the availability of a terminal amino group, most often not involved in complexation, opens the way to deferoxamine B modification and functionalization. This review aims to collect and summarize the available data concerning the complex-formation equilibria in solutions of deferoxamine B with different metal ions. A general overview of the progress of its applications over the past decade is also discussed, including the treatment of iron overload-associated diseases, its clinical use against cancer and neurodegenerative disorders and its role as a diagnostic tool.
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19
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Chomet M, van Dongen GAMS, Vugts DJ. State of the Art in Radiolabeling of Antibodies with Common and Uncommon Radiometals for Preclinical and Clinical Immuno-PET. Bioconjug Chem 2021; 32:1315-1330. [PMID: 33974403 PMCID: PMC8299458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Inert
and stable radiolabeling of monoclonal antibodies (mAb),
antibody fragments, or antibody mimetics with radiometals is a prerequisite
for immuno-PET. While radiolabeling is preferably fast, mild, efficient,
and reproducible, especially when applied for human use in a current
Good Manufacturing Practice compliant way, it is crucial that the
obtained radioimmunoconjugate is stable and shows preserved immunoreactivity
and in vivo behavior. Radiometals and chelators have
extensively been evaluated to come to the most ideal radiometal–chelator
pair for each type of antibody derivative. Although PET imaging of
antibodies is a relatively recent tool, applications with 89Zr, 64Cu, and 68Ga have greatly increased in
recent years, especially in the clinical setting, while other less
common radionuclides such as 52Mn, 86Y, 66Ga, and 44Sc, but also 18F as in [18F]AlF are emerging promising candidates for the radiolabeling
of antibodies. This review presents a state of the art overview of
the practical aspects of radiolabeling of antibodies, ranging from
fast kinetic affibodies and nanobodies to slow kinetic intact mAbs.
Herein, we focus on the most common approach which consists of first
modification of the antibody with a chelator, and after eventual storage
of the premodified molecule, radiolabeling as a second step. Other
approaches are possible but have been excluded from this review. The
review includes recent and representative examples from the literature
highlighting which radiometal–chelator–antibody combinations
are the most successful for in vivo application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Chomet
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Guus A M S van Dongen
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Danielle J Vugts
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam 1081 HV, The Netherlands
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20
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Development of a platform for the production of multiple modal chelating and imaging agents using desferrioxamine and bovine albumin as a model. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-020-01374-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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21
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Southcott L, Wang X, Wharton L, Yang H, Radchenko V, Kubeil M, Stephan H, de Guadalupe Jaraquemada-Peláez M, Orvig C. High denticity oxinate-linear-backbone chelating ligand for diagnostic radiometal ions [111In]In3+ and [89Zr]Zr4+. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:3874-3886. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt04230g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A potentially decadentate oxinate-containing ligand was synthesized and assessed through solution thermodynamics studies, concentration dependent radiolabeling and serum stability assays with [nat/111In]In3+ and [nat/89Zr]Zr4+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Southcott
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - Xiaozhu Wang
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - Luke Wharton
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - Hua Yang
- Life Sciences Division
- TRIUMF
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - Valery Radchenko
- Life Sciences Division
- TRIUMF
- Vancouver
- Canada
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Manja Kubeil
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf
- 01328 Dresden
- Germany
| | - Holger Stephan
- Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden Rossendorf
- 01328 Dresden
- Germany
| | | | - Chris Orvig
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group
- Department of Chemistry
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
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22
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Summers KL, Sarbisheh EK, Zimmerling A, Cotelesage JJH, Pickering IJ, George GN, Price EW. Structural Characterization of the Solution Chemistry of Zirconium(IV) Desferrioxamine: A Coordination Sphere Completed by Hydroxides. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:17443-17452. [PMID: 33183002 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) using radiolabeled, monoclonal antibodies has become an effective, noninvasive method for tumor detection and is a critical component of targeted radionuclide therapy. Metal ion chelator and bacterial siderophore desferrioxamine (DFO) is the gold standard compound for incorporation of zirconium-89 in radiotracers for PET imaging because it is thought to form a stable chelate with [89Zr]Zr4+. However, DFO may not bind zirconium-89 tightly in vivo, with free zirconium-89 reportedly liberated into the bones of experimental mouse models. Although high bone uptake has not been observed to date in humans, this potential instability has been proposed to be related to the unsaturated coordination sphere of [89Zr]Zr-DFO, which is thought to consist of the 3 hydroxamate groups of DFO and 1 or 2 water molecules. In this study, we have used a combination of X-ray absorption spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) geometry optimization calculations to further probe the coordination chemistry of this complex in solution. We find the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) curve fitting of an aqueous solution of Zr(IV)-DFO to be consistent with an 8-coordinate Zr with oxygen ligands. DFT calculations suggest that the most energetically favorable Zr(IV) coordination environment in DFO likely consists of the 3 hydroxamate ligands from DFO, each with bidentate coordination, and 2 hydroxide ligands. Further EXAFS curve fitting provides additional support for this model. Therefore, we propose that the coordination sphere of Zr(IV)-DFO is most likely completed by 2 hydroxide ligands rather than 2 water molecules, forming Zr(DFO)(OH)2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L Summers
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada S7N 5C9.,Molecular and Environmental Science Group, Department of Geological Sciences, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada S7N 5E2
| | - Elaheh Khozeimeh Sarbisheh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada S7N 5C9
| | - Amanda Zimmerling
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada S7N 5C9
| | - Julien J H Cotelesage
- Molecular and Environmental Science Group, Department of Geological Sciences, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada S7N 5E2
| | - Ingrid J Pickering
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada S7N 5C9.,Molecular and Environmental Science Group, Department of Geological Sciences, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada S7N 5E2
| | - Graham N George
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada S7N 5C9.,Molecular and Environmental Science Group, Department of Geological Sciences, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada S7N 5E2
| | - Eric W Price
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK Canada S7N 5C9
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23
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Pandya DN, Henry KE, Day CS, Graves SA, Nagle VL, Dilling TR, Sinha A, Ehrmann BM, Bhatt NB, Menda Y, Lewis JS, Wadas TJ. Polyazamacrocycle Ligands Facilitate 89Zr Radiochemistry and Yield 89Zr Complexes with Remarkable Stability. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:17473-17487. [PMID: 33169605 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c02722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Over the last three decades, the chemistry of zirconium has facilitated antibody development and the clinical management of disease in the precision medicine era. Scientists have harnessed its reactivity, coordination chemistry, and nuclear chemistry to develop antibody-based radiopharmaceuticals incorporating zirconium-89 (89Zr: t1/2 = 78.4 h, β+: 22.8%, Eβ+max = 901 keV; EC: 77%, Eγ = 909 keV) to improve disease detection, identify patients for individualized therapeutic interventions. and monitor their response to those interventions. However, release of the 89Zr4+ ion from the radiopharmaceutical remains a concern, since it may confound the interpretation of clinical imaging data, negatively affect dosimetric calculations, and hinder treatment planning. In this report, we relate our novel observations involving the use of polyazamacrocycles as zirconium-89 chelators. We describe the synthesis and complete characterization of zirconium 2,2',2″,2‴-(1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclotridecane-1,4,7,10-tetrayl)tetraacetic acid (Zr-TRITA), zirconium 3,6,9,15-Tetraazabicyclo[9.3.1] pentadeca-1(15),11,13-triene-3,6,9-triacetic acid (Zr-PCTA), and zirconium 2,2',2″-(1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4,7-triyl)triacetic acid (Zr-NOTA). In addition, we elucidate the solid-state structure of each complex using single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Finally, we found that [89Zr]Zr-PCTA and [89Zr]Zr-NOTA demonstrate excellent stability in vitro and in vivo and provide a rationale for these observations. These innovative findings have the potential to guide the development of safer and more robust immuno-PET agents to improve precision medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darpan N Pandya
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Kelly E Henry
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Cynthia S Day
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, United States
| | - Stephen A Graves
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Veronica L Nagle
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Thomas R Dilling
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Akesh Sinha
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Brandie M Ehrmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Nikunj B Bhatt
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Yusuf Menda
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Jason S Lewis
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, United States
| | - Thaddeus J Wadas
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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