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Koschnick C, Terban MW, Canossa S, Etter M, Dinnebier RE, Lotsch BV. Influence of Water Content on Speciation and Phase Formation in Zr-Porphyrin-Based MOFs. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2210613. [PMID: 36930851 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Controlled synthesis of phase-pure metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is essential for their application in technological areas such as catalysis or gas sorption. Yet, knowledge of their phase formation and growth remain rather limited, particularly with respect to species such as water whose vital role in MOF synthesis is often neglected. As a consequence, synthetic protocols often lack reproducibility when multiple MOFs can form from the same metal source and linker, and phase mixtures are obtained with little or no control over their composition. In this work, the role of water in the formation of the Zr-porphyrin MOF disordered PCN-224 (dPCN-224) is investigated. Through X-ray total scattering and scanning electron microscopy, it is observed that dPCN-224 forms via a metal-organic intermediate that consists of Zr6O4(OH)4 clusters linked by tetrakis(4-carboxy-phenyl)porphyrin molecules. Importantly, water is not only essential to the formation of Zr6O4(OH)4 clusters, but it also plays a primary role in dictating the formation kinetics of dPCN-224. This multidisciplinary approach to studying the speciation of dPCN-224 provides a blueprint for how Zr-MOF synthesis protocols can be assessed and their reproducibility increased, and highlights the importance of understanding the role of water as a decisive component in Zr-MOF formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Koschnick
- Nanochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Munich, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Center for Nanoscience, Schellingstraße 4, 80799, Munich, Germany
| | - Maxwell W Terban
- Nanochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Stefano Canossa
- Nanochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Martin Etter
- German Electron Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, D-22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert E Dinnebier
- Nanochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Bettina V Lotsch
- Nanochemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Munich, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Center for Nanoscience, Schellingstraße 4, 80799, Munich, Germany
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Jodłowski PJ, Kurowski G, Dymek K, Oszajca M, Piskorz W, Hyjek K, Wach A, Pajdak A, Mazur M, Rainer DN, Wierzbicki D, Jeleń P, Sitarz M. From crystal phase mixture to pure metal-organic frameworks - Tuning pore and structure properties. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 95:106377. [PMID: 36966658 PMCID: PMC10074204 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a sonochemical route for the preparation of a new Hf-MIL-140A metal-organic framework from a mixture of UiO-66/MIL-140A is presented. The sonochemical synthesis route not only allows the phase-pure MIL-140A structure to be obtained but also induces structural defects in the MIL-140A structure. The synergic effect between the sonochemical irradiation and the presence of a highly acidic environment results in the generation of slit-like defects in the crystal structure, which increases specific surface area and pore volume. The BET-specific surface area in the case of sonochemically derived Zr-MIL-140A reaches 653.3 m2/g, which is 1.5 times higher than that obtained during conventional synthesis. The developed Hf-MIL-140A structure is isostructural to Zr-MIL-140A, which was confirmed by synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction (SR-XRD) and by continuous rotation electron diffraction (cRED) analysis. The obtained MOF materials have high thermal and chemical stability, which makes them promising candidates for applications such as gas adsorption, radioactive waste removal, catalysis, and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław J Jodłowski
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 30-155 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Kurowski
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 30-155 Kraków, Poland
| | - Klaudia Dymek
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 30-155 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcin Oszajca
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Witold Piskorz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Kornelia Hyjek
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 30-155 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Wach
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Anna Pajdak
- Strata Mechanics Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Reymonta 27, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Michal Mazur
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, Prague 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel N Rainer
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 8, Prague 128 43, Czech Republic
| | - Dominik Wierzbicki
- Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland; Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Jeleń
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Maciej Sitarz
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
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