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Kaniewska-Laskowska K, Ordyszewska A, Wojnowski T, Halenka H, Czapla M, Chojnacki J, Grubba R. Phosphinoborenium cations stabilized by N-heterocyclic carbenes: synthesis, structure, and reactivity. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:16061-16066. [PMID: 37850531 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03090c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Phosphinoborenium cations stabilized by N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) were synthesized via the reaction of bromo(phosphino)boranes with NHCs. Their structures were investigated by heteronuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and density functional theory calculations. They possess a planar trigonal boron center directly bonded with the pyramidal phosphanyl group (PR2) and can be treated as cationic phosphinoboranes. The reactivity of the selected NHC-phosphinoborenium cation was tested toward AuCl·SMe2 and Ph2PCl. In both reactions, the titled compound acted as a phosphido group donor under heterolytic cleavage of the P-B bond. Control experiments with parent phosphinoborane emphasized differences between the reactivity of low-coordinate neutral and cationic species with P-B functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Kaniewska-Laskowska
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Advanced Materials Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Anna Ordyszewska
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Advanced Materials Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Wojnowski
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Advanced Materials Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Hanna Halenka
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Advanced Materials Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Marcin Czapla
- Laboratory of Quantum Chemistry, Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jarosław Chojnacki
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Advanced Materials Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Rafał Grubba
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Advanced Materials Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
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2
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Ordyszewska A, Chojnacki J, Grubba R. Reactivity of triphosphinoboranes towards H 3B·SMe 2: access to derivatives of boraphosphacycloalkanes with diverse substituents. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:4161-4166. [PMID: 36891892 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00116d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Triphosphinoboranes activated the B-H bond in the BH3 molecule without any catalysts at room temperature. Hydroboration reactions led to boraphosphacyloalkanes with diverse structures. The outcomes of reactions depend on the size of the phosphanyl substituent on the boron atom of the parent triphosphinoborane, where derivatives of boraphosphacyclobutane and boraphosphacyclohexane were obtained. Furthermore, the precursor of triphosphinoboranes, namely bromodiphosphinoborane, also exhibited high reactivity towards H3B·SMe2, yielding bromo-substituted boraphosphacyclobutane. The obtained products were characterized by heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy, single crystal X-ray diffraction, and elemental analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ordyszewska
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Advanced Materials Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Jarosław Chojnacki
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Advanced Materials Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Rafał Grubba
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Advanced Materials Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
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3
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Wickemeyer L, Fernández I, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Mitzel NW. Selective 3,3-Rearrangement of Azobenzenes upon Complexation by a Frustrated Lewis Pair. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202216943. [PMID: 36645230 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202216943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of the oxygen-bridged frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) tBu2 P-O-Si(C2 F5 )3 (1) and tBu2 P-O-AlBis2 (2) with azobenzene, promoted by UV irradiation, led to a selective complexation of the cis-isomer. The addition product of 2 is stable, while the adduct of 1 isomerizes in solution in an ortho-benzidine-like [3,3]-rearrangement by cleavage of the N-N bond, saturation of the nitrogen atoms with hydrogen atoms and formation of a new bond between two phenyl ortho-carbon atoms. Similar rearrangements take place with different para-substituted azobenzenes (R=Me, OMe, Cl) and di(2-naphthyl)diazene, while ortho-methylated azo compounds do not form adducts with 1. All adducts were characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and elemental analyses and the mechanism of the rearrangement was explored by quantum-chemical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Wickemeyer
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie and Centrum für Molekulare Materialen CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica and Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beate Neumann
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie and Centrum für Molekulare Materialen CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie and Centrum für Molekulare Materialen CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Norbert W Mitzel
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie and Centrum für Molekulare Materialen CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
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4
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Wickemeyer L, Trapp PC, Aders N, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Mitzel NW. Reactivity of Oxygen-Bridged Geminal Al/P and Si/P Frustrated Lewis Pairs towards Heterocumulenes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203685. [PMID: 36734185 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The two oxygen-bridged geminal frustrated Lewis pairs (FLP) tBu2 P-O-AlBis2 (Bis=CH(SiMe3 )2 ; 1) and tBu2 P-O-Si(C2 F5 )3 (2) were reacted with the heterocumulenes PhNCO, PhOCN, PhNCS, CS2 and PhNSO as well as SO2 . With isocyanate and cyanate, both 1 and 2, form addition products under formation of five-membered rings. With CS2 , isothiocyanate and sulfinylaniline, only 1 forms stable adducts, whereas 2 shows reactivity towards sulfinylaniline, but the product decomposed after a few minutes. The reaction of 1 with SO2 led to partial cleavage of the P-O-Al and Al-C units, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction studies of a complex aggregate. The reaction of 2 with SO2 affords the 1,2-addition product. All adducts were characterized by means of multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography and CHN analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Wickemeyer
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie and, Centrum für Molekulare Materialen CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Pia C Trapp
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie and, Centrum für Molekulare Materialen CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Niklas Aders
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie and, Centrum für Molekulare Materialen CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie and, Centrum für Molekulare Materialen CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie and, Centrum für Molekulare Materialen CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Norbert W Mitzel
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie and, Centrum für Molekulare Materialen CM2, Fakultät für Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
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Szynkiewicz N, Chojnacki J, Grubba R. Phosphinophosphoranes: Mixed-Valent Phosphorus Compounds with Ambiphilic Properties. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:19925-19932. [PMID: 36453123 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we present a simple synthesis of mixed-valent phosphinophosphoranes bearing three- and five-coordinate phosphorus centers. Compounds with phosphorus-phosphorus bonds were synthesized via a reaction of lithium phosphides RR'PLi with cat2PCl (cat = catecholate), whereas derivatives with methylene-linked phosphorus centers were obtained via a reaction of phosphanylmethanides RR'CH2Li with cat2PCl. The presence of accessible lone-pair electrons on the P-phosphanyl atom of phosphinophosphoranes during the reaction of the title compounds with H3B·SMe2, where phosphinophosphorane-borane adducts were formed quantitatively, was confirmed. Furthermore, the Lewis basic and Lewis acidic properties of the phosphinophosphoranes in reactions with phenyl isothiocyanate were tested. Depending on the structure of the starting phosphinophosphorane, phosphinophosphorylation of PhNCS or formation of a five-membered zwitterionic adduct was observed. The structures of the isolated compounds were unambiguously determined by heteronuclear nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Moreover, by applying density functional theory calculations, we compared the Lewis basicity and nucleophilicity of diversified trivalent P-centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Szynkiewicz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Street, 80-233Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jarosław Chojnacki
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Street, 80-233Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Rafał Grubba
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Street, 80-233Gdańsk, Poland
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Kaniewska-Laskowska K, Klimsiak K, Szynkiewicz N, Chojnacki J, Grubba R. Phosphinoborinium cation: a synthon for cationic B-P bond systems. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:10068-10071. [PMID: 35993273 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc02933b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report access to phosphinoborinium cations via heterolytic cleavage of the boron-bromide bond in bromophosphinoborane. The product of the reaction was isolated as a dimeric dication possessing a planar B2P2 core. Activation of the C-H and C-P bonds in the dication led to the formation of the borinium-phosphaborene adduct. Reactivity studies revealed that the title cation exhibits ambiphilic properties and intramolecular frustrated Lewis pair features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Kaniewska-Laskowska
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Advanced Materials Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Klimsiak
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Advanced Materials Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Natalia Szynkiewicz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Advanced Materials Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Jarosław Chojnacki
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Advanced Materials Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Rafał Grubba
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Advanced Materials Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, ul. Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland.
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Ordyszewska A, Szynkiewicz N, Chojnacki J, Grubba R. Monomeric Triphosphinoboranes: Intramolecular Lewis Acid–Base Interactions between Boron and Phosphorus Atoms. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:4361-4370. [PMID: 35220712 PMCID: PMC8924927 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
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Herein, we present
the synthesis of the first fully characterized
monomeric triphosphinoboranes. The simple reaction of boron tribromide
with 3 equiv of bulky lithium phosphide tBu2PLi yielded triphosphinoborane (tBu2P)3B. Triphosphinoboranes with diversified phosphanyl substituents
were obtained via a two-step reaction, in which isolable bromodiphosphinoborane
(tBu2P)2BBr is first formed
and then reacts with 1 equiv of less bulky phosphide R2PLi (R2P = Cy2P, iPr2P, tBuPhP, or Ph2P). By utilizing this
method, we obtained a series of triphosphinoboranes with the general
formula (tBu2P)2BPR2. On the basis of structural and theoretical studies, two main types
of triphosphinoborane structures can be distinguished. In the first
type, all three electron lone pairs interact with the formally empty
p orbital of the central boron atom, resulting in delocalized π
bonding, whereas in the second type, one localized P=B bond
and two P–B bonds are observed. The Lewis acidic–basic
properties of triphosphinoboranes during the reaction of (tBu2P)2BPiPr2 with H3B·SMe2 were analyzed. The
P–B bond-containing compound mentioned above not only formed
an adduct with BH3 but also activated the B–H bond
of the borane molecule, resulting in the incorporation of the BH2 unit into two phosphorus atoms and migration of a hydride
to the boron atom of the parent triphosphinoborane. The structures
of the triphosphinoboranes were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray
analysis, multinuclear nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and
elemental analysis. The synthesis
and structural analysis of the first fully
characterized monomeric triphosphinoboranes are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ordyszewska
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Strasse, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Natalia Szynkiewicz
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Strasse, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jarosław Chojnacki
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Strasse, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Rafał Grubba
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Strasse, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
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