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Hu X, Guo L, Liu M, Zhang Q, Gong Y, Sun M, Feng S, Xu Y, Liu Y, Liu Z. Increasing Anticancer Activity with Phosphine Ligation in Zwitterionic Half-Sandwich Iridium(III), Rhodium(III), and Ruthenium(II) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:20008-20025. [PMID: 36426422 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c03279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and biological assessment of neutral or cationic platinum group metal-based anticancer complexes have been extremely studied, whereas there are few reports on the corresponding zwitterionic complexes. Herein, the synthesis, characterization, and bioactivity of zwitterionic half-sandwich phosphine-imine iridium(III), rhodium(III), and ruthenium(II) complexes were presented. The sulfonated phosphine-imine ligand and a group of zwitterionic half-sandwich P,N-chelating organometallic complexes were fully characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mass spectrum (electrospray ionization, ESI), elemental analysis, and X-ray crystallography. The solution stability of these complexes and their spectral properties were also determined. Notably, almost all of these complexes showed enhanced anticancer activity against model HeLa and A549 cancer cells than the corresponding zwitterionic pyridyl-imine N,N-chelating iridium(III) and ruthenium(II) complexes, which have exhibited inactive or low active in our previous work. The increase in the lipophilic property and intracellular uptake levels of these zwitterionic P,N-chelating complexes appeared to be associated with their superior cytotoxicity. In addition, these complexes showed biomolecular interactions with bovine serum albumin (BSA). The flow cytometry studies indicated that the representative complex Ir1 could induce early-stage apoptosis in A549 cells. Further, confocal microscopy imaging analysis displayed that Ir1 entered A549 cells through the energy-dependent pathway, targeted lysosome, and could cause lysosomal damage. In particular, these complexes could impede cell migration in A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Lihua Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Mengqi Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Qiuya Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Yuwen Gong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Mengru Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Shenghan Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Youzhi Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Yiming Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, P. R. China
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Wang ZF, Nai XL, Xu Y, Pan FH, Tang FS, Qin QP, Yang L, Zhang SH. Cell nucleus localization and high anticancer activity of quinoline-benzopyran rhodium(III) metal complexes as therapeutic and fluorescence imaging agents. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:12866-12875. [PMID: 35861361 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01929a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Four novel rhodium(III) complexes, [RhIII(QB1)Cl3(DMSO)] (RhN1), [RhIII(QB2)Cl3(CH3OH)]·CH3OH (RhN2), [RhIII(QB3)Cl3(CH3OH)]·CH3OH (RhS), and [RhIII(QB4)Cl3(DMSO)] (RhQ), bearing quinoline-benzopyran ligands (QB1-QB4) were synthesized and used to develop highly anticancer therapeutic and fluorescence imaging agents. Compared with the QB1-QB4 ligands (IC50 > 89.2 ± 1.7 μM for A549/DDP), RhN1, RhN2, RhS and RhQ exhibit selective cytotoxicity against lung carcinoma cisplatin-resistant A549/DDP (A549CDDP) cancer cells, with IC50 values in the range of 0.08-2.7 μM. The fluorescent imaging agent RhQ with the more extended planar QB4 ligand exhibited high anticancer activity in A549CDDP cells and was found in the cell nucleus fraction, whereas RhS had no fluorescence properties. RhQ and RhS may trigger cell apoptosis by causing DNA damage and initiating the mitochondrial dysfunction pathway. Furthermore, RhQ has a higher antitumor efficacy (ca. 55.3%) than RhS (46.4%) and cisplatin (CDDP, 33.1%), and RhQ demonstrated significantly lower toxicity in vivo than CDDP, making it a promising Rh(III)-based anticancer therapeutic and fluorescence imaging agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Feng Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, P R China. .,College of Chemistry, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong, 525000, P R China
| | - Xiao-Ling Nai
- College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, PR China
| | - Yue Xu
- College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, PR China
| | - Feng-Hua Pan
- College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, PR China
| | - Fu-Shun Tang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, P R China.
| | - Qi-Pin Qin
- College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, PR China
| | - Lin Yang
- College of Chemistry and Food Science, Yulin Normal University, 1303 Jiaoyudong Road, Yulin 537000, PR China
| | - Shu-Hua Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magnetochemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, P R China. .,College of Chemistry, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong, 525000, P R China
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Chen F, Romero-Canelón I, Habtemariam A, Song JI, Banerjee S, Clarkson GJ, Song L, Prokes I, Sadler PJ. Effect of cysteine thiols on the catalytic and anticancer activity of Ru(II) sulfonyl-ethylenediamine complexes. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:4447-4457. [PMID: 35226015 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03856g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have synthesized a series of novel substituted sulfonyl ethylenediamine (en) RuII arene complexes 1-8 of [(η6-arene)Ru(R1-SO2-EnBz)X], where the arene is benzene, HO(CH2)2O-phenyl or biphenyl (biph), X = Cl or I, and R1 is phenyl, 4-Me-phenyl, 4-NO2-phenyl or dansyl. The 'piano-stool' structure of complex 3, [(η6-biph)Ru(4-Me-phenyl-SO2-EnBz)I], was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The values of their aqua adducts were determined to be high (9.1 to 9.7). Complexes 1-8 have antiproliferative activity against human A2780 ovarian, and A549 lung cancer cells with IC50 values ranging from 4.1 to >50 μM, although, remarkably, complex 7 [(η6-biph)Ru(phenyl-SO2-EnBz)Cl] was inactive towards A2780 cells, but as potent as the clinical drug cisplatin towards A549 cells. All these complexes also showed catalytic activity in transfer hydrogenation (TH) of NAD+ to NADH with sodium formate as hydride donor, with TOFs in the range of 2.5-9.7 h-1. The complexes reacted rapidly with the thiols glutathione (GSH) and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), forming dinuclear bridged complexes [(η6-biph)2Ru2(GS)3]2- or [(η6-biph)2Ru2(NAC-H)3]2-, with the liberation of the diamine ligand which was detected by LC-MS. In addition, the switching on of fluorescence for complex 8 in aqueous solution confirmed release of the chelated DsEnBz ligand in reactions with these thiols. Reactions with GSH hampered the catalytic TH of NAD+ to NADH due to the decomposition of the complexes. Co-administration to cells of complex 2 [(η6-biph)Ru(4-Me-phenyl-SO2-EnBz)Cl] with L-buthionine sulfoximine (L-BSO), an inhibitor of GSH synthesis, partially restored the anticancer activity towards A2780 ovarian cancer cells. Complex 2 caused a concentration-dependent G1 phase cell cycle arrest, and induced a significant level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in A2780 human ovarian cancer cells. The amount of induced ROS decreased with increase in GSH concentration, perhaps due to the formation of the dinuclear Ru-SG complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK. .,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Isolda Romero-Canelón
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK. .,School of Pharmacy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Abraha Habtemariam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Ji-Inn Song
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Samya Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK. .,Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, UP-221005, India
| | - Guy J Clarkson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Lijiang Song
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Ivan Prokes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Peter J Sadler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
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Ghandhi LHD, Bidula S, Pask CM, Lord RM, McGowan PC. Bis(N-picolinamido)cobalt(II) Complexes Display Antifungal Activity toward Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:3210-3221. [PMID: 34327861 PMCID: PMC8597028 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This report highlights the synthesis and characterization of ten new bis(N-picolinamido)cobalt(II) complexes of the type [(L)2 CoX2 ]0/2+ , whereby L=N-picolinamide ligand and X=diisothiocyanato (-NCS), dichlorido (-Cl) or diaqua (-OH2 ) ligands. Single crystal X-ray (SC-XRD) analysis for nine of the structures are reported and confirm the picolinamide ligand is bound to the Co(II) center through a neutral N,O binding mode. With the addition of powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), we have confirmed the cis and trans ligand arrangements of each complex. All complexes were screened against several fungal species and show increased antifungal activity. Notably, these complexes had significant activity against strains of Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus, with several compounds exhibiting growth inhibition of >80 %, and onecompound inhibiting Aspergillus fumigatus hyphal growth by >90 %. Conversely, no antifungal activity was exhibited toward Cryptococcus neoformans and no cytotoxicity towards mammalian cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefan Bidula
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7JTUK
| | | | - Rianne M. Lord
- School of ChemistryUniversity of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwichNR4 7JTUK
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