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Banerjee S, Ash T, Debnath T, Das AK. Dual modification to stabilize Non-IPR C 72 fullerene: A new theoretical strategy. J Mol Graph Model 2022; 117:108289. [PMID: 35964364 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2022.108289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The stabilization of non-IPR fullerenes for their isolation and characterization is an area of recent interest. In the present study, we have explored the stabilization techniques of C72 isomers via endo and exo-modifications and finally approached dual modification. A total of four isomers of C72 have been considered in this study; among them, one is IPR derivative (1), and the rest are non-IPR derivatives with one (2) and two (3 and 4) fused pentagon rings. First, we have studied the endohedral modification by encapsulating one and two La atoms in the C72 cavity. Secondly, we have exohedrally modified the C72 isomers via chlorination by adding four and eight chlorides, respectively. Our final approach is to study the dual modification, where we have implemented both endo exo-modifications together. This dual modification can be achieved in two ways: exo followed by endo and endo followed by exo. For each modification, the relative stability of every modified C72 derivative has been checked by calculating the relative energy with respect to the most stable modified analogue. To find out whether these modifications are energetically feasible or not, we have calculated the binding energy of each modified C72 isomer. The binding energy calculation reveals that the encapsulation and exo-modification techniques are good enough to stabilize the non-IPR C72 derivatives. Moreover, the effectiveness of dual modification has also been established from the enhanced binding energy compared to either endo- or exo-modification. We have also studied the NPA charges on the encapsulated La atoms for each endo- and dual-modified C72 derivative. Furthermore, the AIM study has also been perceived to find out the interaction between the La atom and the fullerene cages for both mono- and di-encapsulated fullerene derivatives and also between La-La centres for di-encapsulated derivatives. Overall, the present theoretical study will provide an idea about the stability of the modified C72 derivatives, which will help the experimentalists to design new strategies for synthesizing modified non-IPR fullerene derivatives that have vast applications in the medicinal and industrial fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumadip Banerjee
- School of Mathematical & Computational Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Tamalika Ash
- School of Mathematical & Computational Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Tanay Debnath
- School of Mathematical & Computational Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India.
| | - Abhijit K Das
- School of Mathematical & Computational Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, India.
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Li M, Zhao R, Dang J, Zhao X. Theoretical study on the stabilities, electronic structures, and reaction and formation mechanisms of fullerenes and endohedral metallofullerenes. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Li K, Liu W, Zhang H, Cheng L, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Chen N, Zhu C, Chai Z, Wang S. Progress in solid state and coordination chemistry of actinides in China. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2022-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In the past decade, the area of solid state chemistry of actinides has witnessed a rapid development in China, based on the significantly increased proportion of the number of actinide containing crystal structures reported by Chinese researchers from only 2% in 2010 to 36% in 2021. In this review article, we comprehensively overview the synthesis, structure, and characterizations of representative actinide solid compounds including oxo-compounds, organometallic compounds, and endohedral metallofullerenes reported by Chinese researchers. In addition, Chinese researchers pioneered several potential applications of actinide solid compounds in terms of adsorption, separation, photoelectric materials, and photo-catalysis, which are also briefly discussed. It is our hope that this contribution not only calls for further development of this area in China, but also arouses new research directions and interests in actinide chemistry and material sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection , School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University , Suzhou , 215123 , China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Environmental and Material Engineering, Yantai University , Yantai , 264005 , China
| | - Hailong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection , School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University , Suzhou , 215123 , China
| | - Liwei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection , School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University , Suzhou , 215123 , China
| | - Yugang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection , School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University , Suzhou , 215123 , China
| | - Yaxing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection , School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University , Suzhou , 215123 , China
| | - Ning Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215123 , China
| | - Congqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic Materials , School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University , Nanjing , 210023 , China
| | - Zhifang Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection , School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University , Suzhou , 215123 , China
| | - Shuao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection , School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University , Suzhou , 215123 , China
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Li B, Gu X, Jin P. Overlooked Effects of La-4f Orbitals in Endohedral Metallofullerenes. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:5891-5902. [PMID: 35381176 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
For endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs), a central issue is how to correctly describe the intracluster and metal-cage interactions, which are critical for understanding their structures, stabilities, and various properties. In this work, density functional theory calculations were carried out for 13 La-based EMFs covering all four reported types and a rather wide cage size range (C32-C104). The results reveal that the usually core-like lanthanide 4f subshell may play a critical role in the structural characteristics, energetic stabilities, frontier orbital energy levels, metal charges, and chemical reactivities of these endofullerenes. Regardless of the encapsulated forms, the La-4f contributions to the chemical bonding and structural stability increase with the reduced cage sizes because of the gradually enhanced cage confinement. The combination of metal-to-nonmetal charge transfer and compression of the cage cavity exposes and effectively activates the otherwise chemically inert 4f orbitals. By disclosing the important role of long-neglected metal orbitals inside fullerenes, the current work not only deepens our understanding of EMFs, but also provides new insights into the chemical bondings in general confined spaces at the subnanometer scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Xiaojiao Gu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Peng Jin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China.,Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials for Ecological Environment and Information, Hebei University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300130, China
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Ghosh A, Banerjee S, Debnath T, Das AK. Dehydrogenation of ammonia-borane to functionalize neutral and Li +-encapsulated C 60, C 70 and C 36 fullerene cages: a DFT approach. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:4022-4041. [PMID: 35103266 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05770g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mechanistic investigations into the functionalization of three fullerene cages, viz. C60, C70, and C36 through dehydrogenation of ammonia-borane (AB) have been conducted using Density Functional Theory (DFT). In this process of functionalization, different ring fusions, namely (6-6), (6-5) positions for C60 and C70, and an additional (5-5) for C36 fullerene have been investigated. The optimized geometries of all the complexes and transition states have been characterized using the M06-2X functional in conjunction with the 6-31G(d) basis set. The effect of Li+-encapsulation on the energetics and activation barriers of H2 attachment has also been examined. Although the process of functionalization of neutral fullerenes proceeds extensively through concerted pathways, a step-wise route has been observed for the encapsulated systems. NPA charge analysis and Wiberg bond index (WBI) have been used in order to detect the change in the nature of participating hydrogen atoms and validate the variation in the bond order of the C-C connectivity respectively upon hydrogenation. GCRD parameters have also been calculated to explicate the electronic properties of the hydrogenated products. The (6-6) hydrogenation is observed to be favoured thermodynamically and kinetically for both neutral and Li+-encapsulated C60 and C70, while (5-5) is found to be the most preferred site for C36 systems. Our theoretical exploration suggests that the covalent functionalization of the fullerene cages can be done successfully viaAB resulting in the stabilization of these systems. In short, the present work will provide a general idea about the detailed mechanism related to the functionalization of fullerene cages, which will further motivate researchers in fullerene chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avik Ghosh
- School of Mathematical & Computational Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India.
| | - Soumadip Banerjee
- School of Mathematical & Computational Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India.
| | - Tanay Debnath
- School of Mathematical & Computational Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India.
| | - Abhijit K Das
- School of Mathematical & Computational Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Kolkata-700032, India.
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Sa B, Yang Z, Zhang Y, Si Y, Li H, Zhu C, Wen C, Wu B, Yu T. Computational mining of endohedral C 70 electrides: tri-metal alkali and alkaline-earth encapsulation. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:16836-16844. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02919g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Based on the atoms in molecules analysis, electron localization functions, and nonlinear optical property analysis, M3@C70 (M = Li, Be, Mg, Ca) fullerenes are identified as electrides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baisheng Sa
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Materials Advanced Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Zhanlin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Materials Advanced Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Materials Advanced Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Yitao Si
- International Research Center for Renewable Energy, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an 710065, P. R. China
| | - Hengyi Li
- Fujian Applied Technology Engineering Center of Power Battery Materials, Fujian College of Water Conservancy and Electric Power, Yongan, Fujian 366000, P. R. China
| | - Changfeng Zhu
- Xiamen Funano New Materials Technology Co., Ltd, Xiamen 361006, P. R. China
| | - Cuilian Wen
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Materials Advanced Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Bo Wu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Materials Advanced Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, P. R. China
| | - Tao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an 710065, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, P. R. China
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