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Maiola ML, Buss JA. Accessing Ta/Cu Architectures via Metal-Metal Salt Metatheses: Heterobimetallic C-H Bond Activation Affords μ-Hydrides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311721. [PMID: 37831544 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
We employ a metal-metal salt metathesis strategy to access low-valent tantalum-copper heterometallic architectures (Ta-μ2 -H2 -Cu and Ta-μ3 -H2 -Cu3 ) that emulate structural elements proposed for surface alloyed nanomaterials. Whereas cluster assembly with carbonylmetalates is well precedented, the use of the corresponding polyarene transition metal anions is underexplored, despite recognition of these highly reactive fragments as storable sources of atomic Mn- . Our application of this strategy provides structurally unique early-late bimetallic species. These complexes incorporate bridging hydride ligands during their syntheses, the origin of which is elucidated via detailed isotopic labelling studies. Modification of ancillary ligand sterics and electronics alters the mechanism of bimetallic assembly; a trinuclear complex resulting from dinuclear C-H activation is demonstrated as an intermediate en route to formation of the bimetallic. Further validating the promise of this rational, bottom-up approach, a unique tetranuclear species was synthesized, featuring a Ta centre bearing three Ta-Cu interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela L Maiola
- Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Joshua A Buss
- Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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2
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Palmese M, Pérez-Torrente JJ, Passarelli V. Reactivity of Ir(I)-aminophosphane platforms towards oxidants. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:13689-13703. [PMID: 37706349 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02361c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The iridium(I)-aminophosphane complex [Ir{κ3C,P,P'-(SiNP-H)}(cod)] has been prepared by reaction of [IrCl(cod)(SiNP)] with KCH3COO. DFT calculations show that this reaction takes place through an unexpected outer sphere mechanism (SiNP = SiMe2{N(4-C6H4Me)PPh2}2; SiNP-H = CH2SiMe{N(4-C6H4Me)PPh2}2). The reaction of [IrCl(cod)(SiNP)] or [Ir{κ3C,P,P'-(SiNP-H)}(cod)] with diverse oxidants has been explored, yielding a range of iridium(III) derivatives. On one hand, [IrCl(cod)(SiNP)] reacts with allyl chloride rendering the octahedral iridium(III) derivative [IrCl2(η3-C3H5)(SiNP)], which, in turn, reacts with tert-butyl isocyanide yielding the substitution product [IrCl(η3-C3H5)(CNtBu)(SiNP)]Cl via the observed intermediate [IrCl2(η1-C3H5)(CNtBu)(SiNP)]. On the other hand, the reaction of [Ir{κ3C,P,P'-(SiNP-H)}(cod)] with [FeCp2]X (X = PF6, CF3SO3), I2 or CF3SO3CH3 results in the metal-centered two-electron oxidation rendering a varied assortment of iridium(III) compounds. [Ir{κ3C,P,P'-(SiNP-H)}(cod)] reacts with [FeCp2]+ (1 : 2) in acetonitrile affording [Ir{κ3C,P,P'-(SiNP-H)}(CH3CN)3]2+ isolated as both the triflato and the hexafluorophosphato derivatives. Also, the reaction of [Ir{κ3C,P,P'-(SiNP-H)}(cod)] with I2 (1 : 1) yields a mixture of iridium(III) derivatives, namely the mononuclear compound [IrI(κ2P,P'-SiNP)(η2,η3-C8H11)]I, containing the η2,η3-cycloocta-2,6-dien-1-yl ligand, and two isomers of the dinuclear derivative [Ir2{κ3C,P,P'-(SiNP-H)}2(μ-I)3]I, the first species being isolated in low yield. DFT calculations indicate that [IrI(κ2P,P'-SiNP)(η2,η3-C8H11)]I forms as the result of a bielectronic oxidation of iridium(I) followed by the deprotonation of the cod ligand by iodide and the protonation of the methylene moiety of the [Ir{κ3C,P,P'-(SiNP-H)}] platform by the newly formed HI. Finally, the oxidation of [Ir{κ3C,P,P'-(SiNP-H)}(cod)] by methyl triflate proceeds via a hydride abstraction from the cod ligand, with the elimination of methane and the formation of the η2,η3-cycloocta-2,6-dien-1-yl ligand with the concomitant two-electron oxidation of the iridium centre. The crystal structures of selected compounds have been determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Palmese
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, ES-50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Jesús J Pérez-Torrente
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, ES-50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Vincenzo Passarelli
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, ES-50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
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Nelson YA, Irshad A, Kim S, Waddington MA, Salamat CZ, Gembicky M, Rheingold AL, Carta V, Tolbert S, Narayan SR, Spokoyny AM. Vertex Differentiation Strategy for Tuning the Physical Properties of closo-Dodecaborate Weakly Coordinating Anions. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:15084-15093. [PMID: 37667823 PMCID: PMC11152248 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c01992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and characterization of various compounds containing the 1,7,9-hydroxylated closo-dodecahydrododecaborate (B12H9(OH)32-) cluster motif. Specifically, we show how the parent compound can be synthesized on the multigram scale and further perhalogenated, leading to a new class of vertex-differentiated weakly coordinating anions. We show that a postmodification of the hydroxyl groups by alkylation affords further opportunities for tailoring these anions' stability, steric bulk, and solubility properties. The resulting dodecaborate-based salts were subjected to a full thermal and electrochemical stability evaluation, showing that many of these anions maintain thermal stability up to 500 °C and feature no redox activity below ∼1 V vs Fc/Fc+. Mixed hydroxylated/halogenated clusters show enhanced solubility compared to their purely halogenated analogs and retain weakly coordinating properties in the solid state, as demonstrated by ionic conductivity measurements of their Li+ salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yessica A. Nelson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ahamed Irshad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Sangmin Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mary A. Waddington
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Charlene Z. Salamat
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Milan Gembicky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Arnold L. Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Veronica Carta
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Sarah Tolbert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Sri R. Narayan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Alexander M. Spokoyny
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles E. Young Drive East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Mitchell BS, Chirila A, Kephart JA, Boggiano AC, Krajewski SM, Rogers D, Kaminsky W, Velian A. Metal-Support Interactions in Molecular Single-Site Cluster Catalysts. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:18459-18469. [PMID: 36170652 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study provides atomistic insights into the interface between a single-site catalyst and a transition metal chalcogenide support and reveals that peak catalytic activity occurs when edge/support redox cooperativity is maximized. A molecular platform MCo6Se8(PEt3)4(L)2 (1-M, M = Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, and Zn) was designed in which the active site (M)/support (Co6Se8) interactions are interrogated by systematically probing the electronic and structural changes that occur as the identity of the metal varies. All 3d transition metal 1-M clusters display remarkable catalytic activity for coupling tosyl azide and tert-butyl isocyanide, with Mn and Co derivatives showing the fastest turnover in the series. Structural, electronic, and magnetic characterization of the clusters was performed using single crystal X-ray diffraction, 1H and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, electronic absorption spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and computational methods. Distinct metal/support redox regimes can be accessed in 1-M based on the energy of the edge metal's frontier orbitals with respect to those of the cluster support. As the degree of electronic interaction between the edge and the support increases, a cooperative regime is reached wherein the support can deliver electrons to the catalytic site, increasing the reactivity of key metal-nitrenoid intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin S Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Andrei Chirila
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Jonathan A Kephart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Andrew C Boggiano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Sebastian M Krajewski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Dylan Rogers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Werner Kaminsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Alexandra Velian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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5
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Palmese M, Pérez-Torrente JJ, Passarelli V. Cyclometalated iridium complexes based on monodentate aminophosphanes. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:12334-12351. [PMID: 35904083 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02081e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Monodentate aminophosphanes HNP [NH(4-tolyl)PPh2] and SiMe3NP [SiMe3N(4-tolyl)PPh2] react with [Ir(μ-Cl)(cod)]2 affording tetra- or pentacoordinate complexes of formula [IrCl(L)n(cod)] (L = HNP, n = 1, 2; L = SiMe3NP, n = 1). The reaction of [IrCl(SiMe3NP)(cod)] with carbon monoxide smoothly renders [Ir(CO)3(SiMe3NP)2][IrCl2(CO)2]. The reaction of HNP or SiMe3NP with [Ir(CH3CN)2(cod)][PF6] yields the cyclometalated iridium(III)-hydride derivatives [IrH{κ2C,P-NR(4-C6H3CH3)PPh2}(cod)(CH3CN)][PF6] (R = H, SiMe3) as a result of the intramolecular oxidative addition of the tolyl C2-H bond to iridium. The straighforward formation of [IrH{κ2C,P-SiMe3N(4-C6H3CH3)PPh2}(cod)(CH3CN)]+ was observed when the reaction was monitored by NMR spectroscopy at 233 K, whereas a more complex reaction sequence was observed in the formation of [IrH{κ2C,P-NH(4-C6H3CH3)PPh2}(cod)(CH3CN)]+, including the formation of [IrH{κ2C,P-NH(4-C6H3CH3)PPh2}(HNP)(cod)]+ and [Ir(cod)(HNP)2]+. The "mixed" complex [IrH{κ2C,P-SiMe3N(4-C6H3CH3)PPh2}(HNP)(cod)]+ was obtained upon reaction of [IrH{κ2C,P-NH(4-C6H3CH3)PPh2}(cod)(CH3CN)][PF6] with SiMe3NP at 233 K. Finally, the reaction of [Ir(CH3CN)2(coe)2][PF6] with SiMe3NP or HNP resulted in the formation of [Ir(CH3CN)2(SiMe3NP)2][PF6] and [IrH{κ2C,P-NH(4-C6H3CH3)PPh2}(HNP)2(CH3CN)][PF6], respectively. Both the OC-6-35 and the OC-6-52 isomers of [IrH{κ2C,P-NH(4-C6H3CH3)PPh2}(HNP)2(CH3CN)]+ - featuring facial and meridional dispositions of the phosphorus atoms, respectively - were isolated depending on the reaction solvent. Several compounds described herein catalyse the dehydrogenation of formic acid in DMF, [IrCl(HNP)2(cod)] being the most active, with TOF1 min of about 2300 h-1 (5 mol% catalyst, 50 mol% sodium formate, DMF, 80 °C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Palmese
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, ES-50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Jesús J Pérez-Torrente
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, ES-50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Vincenzo Passarelli
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, ES-50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
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6
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Kephart JA, Mitchell BS, Kaminsky W, Velian A. Multi-active Site Dynamics on a Molecular Cr/Co/Se Cluster Catalyst. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:9206-9211. [PMID: 35593888 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study uncovers the interconnected reactivity of the three catalytically active sites of an atomically precise nanocluster Cr3(py)3Co6Se8L6 (1(py)3, L = Ph2PNTol-, Ph = phenyl, Tol = 4-tolyl). Catalytic and stoichiometric studies into tosyl azide activation and carbodiimide formation enabled the isolation and crystallographic characterization of key catalytically competent metal-imido intermediates, including the tris(imido) cluster 1(NTs)3, the catalytic resting state 1(NTs)3(CNtBu)3, and the site-differentiated mono(imido) cluster 1(NTs)(CNtBu)2. In the stoichiometric regime, nitrene transfer proceeds via a stepwise mechanism, with the three active sites engaging sequentially to produce carbodiimide. Moreover, the chemical state of neighboring active sites was found to regulate the affinity for substrates of an individual Cr-imido edge site, as revealed by comparative structural analysis and CNtBu binding studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Kephart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Benjamin S Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Werner Kaminsky
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Alexandra Velian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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7
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Palmese M, Pérez-Torrente JJ, Passarelli V. Synthesis and reactivity of an iridium complex based on a tridentate aminophosphano ligand. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:7142-7153. [PMID: 35466986 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt00794k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The iridium(III) hydride compound [IrH{κ3C,P,P'-(SiNP-H)}(CNtBu)2][PF6] (1PF6) was obtained by reaction of [Ir(SiNP)(cod)][PF6] with CNtBu as the result of the intramolecular oxidative addition of the SiCH2-H bond to iridium(I) [SiNP = Si(CH3)2{N(4-tolyl)PPh2}2, SiNP-H = CH2Si(CH3){N(4-tolyl)PPh2}2]. The mechanism of the reaction was investigated by NMR spectroscopy and DFT calculations showing that the pentacoordinated intermediate [Ir(SiNP)(cod)(CNtBu)][PF6] (2PF6) forms in the first place and that further reacts with CNtBu, affording the square planar intermediate [Ir(SiNP)(CNtBu)2][PF6] (3PF6) that finally undergoes the intramolecular oxidative addition of the SiCH2-H bond. The reactivity of 1PF6 was investigated. On one hand, the reaction of 1PF6 with N-chlorosuccinimide or N-bromosuccinimide provides the haloderivatives [IrX{κ3C,P,P'-(SiNP-H)}(CNtBu)2][PF6] (X = Cl, 4PF6; Br, 5PF6), and the reaction of 5PF6 with AgPF6 in the presence of acetonitrile affords the solvato species [Ir{κ3C,P,P'-(SiNP-H)}(CH3CN)(CNtBu)2]2+ (62+) isolated as the hexafluorophosphate salt. On the other hand, the reaction of 1PF6 with HBF4 gives the iridium(III) compound [IrH(CH2SiF2CH3)(HNP)2(CNtBu)2][BF4] (7BF4) as the result of the formal addition of hydrogen fluoride to the Si-N bonds of 1+ [HNP = HN(4-tolyl)PPh2]. A similar outcome was observed in the reaction of 1PF6 with CF3COOH rendering 7PO2F2. In this case the intermediate [IrH{κ2C,P-CH2SiMeFN(4-tolyl)PPh2}(HNP)(CNtBu)2]+ (8+) was observed and characterised in situ by NMR spectroscopy. DFT calculations suggests that the reaction goes through the sequential protonation of the nitrogen atom of the Si-N-P moiety followed by the formal addition of fluoride ion to silicon. Also, the crystal structures of SiNP, 1PF6, 4PF6 and 7BF4 have been determined by X-ray diffraction measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Palmese
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catalisis Homogenea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, ES-50007 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Jesús J Pérez-Torrente
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catalisis Homogenea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, ES-50007 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Vincenzo Passarelli
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catalisis Homogenea (ISQCH), Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, ES-50007 Zaragoza, Spain.
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Hayton TW, Shafaat HS. Periodic TableTalks: An Oasis of Science within a Conference Desert. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:5965-5971. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c01108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor W. Hayton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Hannah S. Shafaat
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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9
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Mitchell B, Krajewski SM, Kephart JA, Rogers D, Kaminsky W, Velian A. Redox-Switchable Allosteric Effects in Molecular Clusters. JACS AU 2022; 2:92-96. [PMID: 35098225 PMCID: PMC8790731 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that allosteric effects and redox state changes can be harnessed to create a switch that selectively and reversibly regulates the coordination chemistry of a single site on the surface of a molecular cluster. This redox-switchable allostery is employed as a guiding force to assemble the molecular clusters Zn3Co6Se8L'6 (L' = Ph2PN(H)Tol, Ph = phenyl, Tol = 4-tolyl) into materials of predetermined dimensionality (1- or 2-D) and to encode them with emissive properties. This work paves the path to program the assembly and function of inorganic clusters into stimuli-responsive, atomically precise materials.
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Reed DA, Hochuli TJ, Gadjieva NA, He S, Wiscons RA, Bartholomew AK, Champsaur AM, Steigerwald ML, Roy X, Nuckolls C. Controlling Ligand Coordination Spheres and Cluster Fusion in Superatoms. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 144:306-313. [PMID: 34937334 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We show that reaction pathways from a single superatom motif can be controlled through subtle electronic modification of the outer ligand spheres. Chevrel-type [Co6Se8L6] (L = PR3, CO) superatoms are used to form carbene-terminated clusters, the reactivity of which can be influenced through the electronic effects of the surrounding ligands. This carbene provides new routes for ligand substitution chemistry, which is used to selectively install cyanide or pyridine ligands which were previously inaccessible in these cobalt-based clusters. The surrounding ligands also impact the ability of this carbene to create larger fused clusters of the type [Co12Se16L10], providing underlying information for cluster fusion mechanisms. We use this information to develop methods of creating dimeric clusters with functionalized surface ligands with site specificity, putting new ligands in specific positions on this anisotropic core. Finally, adjusting the carbene intermediates can also be used to perturb the geometry of the [Co6Se8] core itself, as we demonstrate with a multicarbene adduct that displays a substantially anisotropic core. These additional levels of synthetic control could prove instrumental for using superatomic clusters for many applications including catalysis, electronic devices, and creating novel extended structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas A Reed
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Taylor J Hochuli
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Natalia A Gadjieva
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Shoushou He
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Ren A Wiscons
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | | | - Anouck M Champsaur
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Michael L Steigerwald
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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