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Klarek M, Kowalski K. Chemistry of organometallic nucleic acid components: personal perspectives and prospects for the future. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:18420-18439. [PMID: 39526762 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt02634a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
Organometallic modifications of biologically important compounds such as drugs, secondary natural products, peptides, and nucleic acids, to name just a few, represent a well-established strategy for the development of new anticancer and antimicrobial agents. Supported by these reasons, over 12 years ago, we initiated a research program into organometallic modifications of nucleic acid components. This account summarizes key results regarding the synthetic chemistry and biological activities of the obtained compounds. As synthetic chemists, our main goal over the last 12 years has been to develop new strategies that allow for the exploration of the chemical space of organometallic nucleic acid components. Accordingly, we have developed a Michael addition reaction-based methodology that enabled the synthesis of an entirely new class of glycol nucleic acid (GNA) constituents. Concerning GNA chemistry, we also reported the synthesis of the first-ever ferrocenyl GNA-RNA "mixed" dinucleoside phosphate analog. Recently, we developed a Cu(I)-catalyzed Huisgen azide-alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction-based approach for the synthesis of novel 1,2,3-triazole-linked ("click") nucleosides. The high value of this approach is because it allows for the introduction of functional (e.g., luminescent and redox-active) groups that protrude from the main oligomer sequence. With respect to biological activity studies, we identified several promising anticancer and antimicrobial compounds. Furthermore, we found that simple ferrocenyl-nucleobase conjugates have potential as modulators of Aβ21-40 amyloid aggregation. The final section of this article serves as a guide for future studies, as it presents some challenging goals yet to be achieved within the rapidly growing field of nucleic acid chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Klarek
- University of Łódź, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Konrad Kowalski
- University of Łódź, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland.
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2
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Guan Q, Gao Z, Chen Y, Guo C, Chen Y, Sun H. Structural modification strategies of triazoles in anticancer drug development. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 275:116578. [PMID: 38889607 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The triazole functional group plays a pivotal role in the composition of biomolecules with potent anticancer activities, including numerous clinically approved drugs. The strategic utilization of the triazole fragment in the rational modification of lead compounds has demonstrated its ability to improve anticancer activities, enhance selectivity, optimize pharmacokinetic properties, and overcome resistance. There has been significant interest in triazole-containing hybrids in recent years due to their remarkable anticancer potential. However, previous reviews on triazoles in cancer treatment have failed to provide tailored design strategies specific to these compounds. Herein, we present an overview of design strategies encompassing a structure-modification approach for incorporating triazoles into hybrid molecules. This review offers valuable references and briefly introduces the synthesis of triazole derivatives, thereby paving the way for further research and advancements in the field of effective and targeted anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Guan
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziming Gao
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Chen
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Can Guo
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Haopeng Sun
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Al Khalyfeh K, Ghazzy A, Al-As' Ad RM, Rüffer T, Kanoun O, Lang H. Ferrocenyl-triazole complexes and their use in heavy metal cation sensing. RSC Adv 2024; 14:20572-20584. [PMID: 38946768 PMCID: PMC11211737 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra04023f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Complexes tris((1-ferrocenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)amine (3), bis((1-ferrocenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)amine (6), bis((1-ferrocenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)ether (7), and 1-ferrocenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methanamine (9) were synthesized using the copper-catalyzed click reaction. Complexes 3, 6, 7, and 9 were characterized using NMR (1H and 13{1H}) and IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and mass spectrometry. Structures of 3, 7, and 9 in the solid state were determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. It was found that the triazole rings were planar and slightly twisted with respect to the cyclopentadienyl groups attached to them. Chains and 3D network structures were observed due to the presence of π⋯π and C-H⋯N interactions between the cyclopentadienyl and triazole ligands. A reversible redox behavior of the Fc groups between 239 and 257 mV with multicycle stability was characteristic for all the compounds, revealing that the electrochemically generated species Fc+ remained soluble in dichloromethane. Electrochemical sensor tests demonstrated the applicability of all the complexes to enhance the quantification sensing behavior of the screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) toward Cd2+, Pb2+, and Cu2+ ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Al Khalyfeh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University Ma'an 71111 Jordan
| | - Asma Ghazzy
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University Amman 19328 Jordan
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy and Allied Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University Amman 19328 Jordan
| | - Randa M Al-As' Ad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University Ma'an 71111 Jordan
| | - Tobias Rüffer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology 09111 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Olfa Kanoun
- Professorship Measurement and Sensor Technology, Chemnitz University of Technology 09126 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Heinrich Lang
- Research Center for Materials, Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes (MAIN), Research Group Organometallics, Chemnitz University of Technology 09126 Chemnitz Germany
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4
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Coelho D, Colas Y, Ethève-Quelquejeu M, Braud E, Iannazzo L. Halo-1,2,3-triazoles: Valuable Compounds to Access Biologically Relevant Molecules. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202400150. [PMID: 38554039 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
1,2,3-triazole is an important building block in organic chemistry. It is now well known as a bioisostere for various functions, such as the amide or the ester bond, positioning it as a key pharmacophore in medicinal chemistry and it has found applications in various fields including life sciences. Attention was first focused on the synthesis of 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole molecules however 1,4,5-trisubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles have now emerged as valuable molecules due to the possibility to expand the structural modularity. In the last decade, methods mainly derived from the copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction have been developed to access halo-triazole compounds and have been applied to nucleosides, carbohydrates, peptides and proteins. In addition, late-stage modification of halo-triazole derivatives by metal-mediated cross-coupling or halo-exchange reactions offer the possibility to access highly functionalized molecules that can be used as tools for chemical biology. This review summarizes the synthesis, the functionalization, and the applications of 1,4,5-trisubstituted halo-1,2,3-triazoles in biologically relevant molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Coelho
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Yoann Colas
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Ethève-Quelquejeu
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Braud
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - Laura Iannazzo
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, F-75006, Paris, France
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5
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Wang H, Fan X, Xie PP, Yang S, Pigeon P, Xiong Y, Gai S, Qi X, Wang J, Zhang Q, Li W, Qian H, McGlinchey MJ, Jaouen G, Zheng C, Wang Y. Deciphering the Diversified Metabolic Behavior of Hydroxyalkyl Ferrocidiphenols as Anticancer Complexes. J Med Chem 2024; 67:1209-1224. [PMID: 38156614 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Ferrocidiphenols possessing appropriate substituents in the aliphatic chain have very promising anticancer properties, but a systematic approach to deciphering their diversified metabolic behavior has so far been lacking. Herein, we show that a series of novel ferrocidiphenols bearing different hydroxyalkyl substituents exhibit strong anticancer activity as revealed in a range of in vitro and in vivo experiments. Moreover, they display diversified oxidative transformation profiles very distinct from those of previous complexes, shown by the use of chemical and enzymatic methods and in cellulo and in vivo metabolism studies. In view of this phenomenon, unprecedented chemo-evolutionary sequences that connect all the ferrocidiphenol-related intermediates and analogues have been established. In addition, a comprehensive density functional theory (DFT) study has been performed to decipher the metabolic diversification profiles of these complexes and demonstrate the delicate modulation of carbenium ions by the ferrocenyl moiety, via either α- or β-positional participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266200, P. R. China
| | - Xuejing Fan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266200, P. R. China
| | - Pei-Pei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266200, P. R. China
| | - Pascal Pigeon
- PSL, Chimie ParisTech, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, UMR 8232 CNRS, IPCM, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Ying Xiong
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Susu Gai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266200, P. R. China
| | - Xin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266200, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266200, P. R. China
| | - Qianer Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266200, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266200, P. R. China
| | - Huimei Qian
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266200, P. R. China
| | - Michael J McGlinchey
- UCD School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4 D04 C1P1, Ireland
| | - Gérard Jaouen
- PSL, Chimie ParisTech, 11 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, UMR 8232 CNRS, IPCM, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Chao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Lu, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Chinese Ministry of Education; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, Shandong, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266200, P. R. China
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6
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Liu ZQ. Is it still worth renewing nucleoside anticancer drugs nowadays? Eur J Med Chem 2024; 264:115987. [PMID: 38056297 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Nucleoside has situated the convergence point in the discovery of novel drugs for decades, and a large number of nucleoside derivatives have been constructed for screening novel pharmacological properties at various experimental platforms. Notably, nearly 20 nucleosides are approved to be used in the clinic treatment of various cancers. Nevertheless, the blossom of synthetic nucleoside analogs in comparison with the scarcity of nucleoside anticancer drugs leads to a question: Is it still worth insisting on the screening of novel anticancer drugs from nucleoside derivatives? Hence, this review attempts to emphasize the importance of nucleoside analogs in the discovery of novel anticancer drugs. Firstly, we introduce the metabolic procedures of nucleoside anticancer drug (such as 5-fluorouracil) and summarize the designing of novel nucleoside anticancer candidates based on clinically used nucleoside anticancer drugs (such as gemcitabine). Furthermore, we collect anticancer properties of some recently synthesized nucleoside analogs, aiming at emphasizing the availability of nucleoside analogs in the discovery of anticancer drugs. Finally, a variety of synthetic strategies including the linkage of sugar moiety with nucleobase scaffold, modifications on the sugar moiety, and variations on the nucleobase structure are collected to exhibit the abundant protocols in the achievement of nucleoside analogs. Taken the above discussions collectively, nucleoside still advantages for the finding of novel anticancer drugs because of the clearly metabolic procedures, successfully clinic applications, and abundantly synthetic routines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zai-Qun Liu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China.
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7
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Katrusiak A, Rusek M, Dušek M, Petříček V, Szafrański M. Dipole-Moment Modulation in New Incommensurate Ferrocene. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:3111-3119. [PMID: 36951481 PMCID: PMC10084461 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Despite 70 years of research on metallocenes and their applications, there are still unresolved regions in its phase diagram of the prototypic sandwich compound, ferrocene Fe2+[C5H5]-2 (FeCp2), and its molecular 5-fold symmetry cannot be reconciled with the dielectric response of this crystal. We found a new phase I″ of ferrocene, which reveals the relationships between the molecular conformation, intermolecular interactions, and electric permittivity of this compound. Between 172.8 and 163.5 K, the conformational disorder of ferrocene molecules transforms into the incommensurate modulation. The structure of phase I″ is described in the (3+2)-dimensional superspace, where the molecular conformations, rotations and inclinations of the Cp rings, molecular tilts, and displacements of the Fe2+ cations, as well as the CH···π bonds in the crystal environment, are modulated. These geometric changes combine into the FeCp2 bending distortion, breaking the 5-fold symmetry and generating waves of molecular dipole moments with their amplitudes approaching 4 × 10-30 C·m.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Katrusiak
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego
8, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Michalina Rusek
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego
8, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Michal Dušek
- Institute
of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Petříček
- Institute
of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Szafrański
- Faculty
of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego
2, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
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8
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Kowalski K. A brief survey on the application of metal-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition reactions to the synthesis of ferrocenyl-x-1,2,3-triazolyl-R (x = none or a linker and R = organic entity) compounds with anticancer activity. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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9
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Skiba J, Kowalczyk A, Gorski A, Dutkiewicz N, Gapińska M, Stróżek J, Woźniak K, Trzybiński D, Kowalski K. Replacement of the phosphodiester backbone between canonical nucleosides with a dirhenium carbonyl "click" linker-a new class of luminescent organometallic dinucleoside phosphate mimics. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:1551-1567. [PMID: 36655722 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03995h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The first-in-class luminescent dinucleoside phosphate analogs with a [Re2(μ-Cl)2(CO)6(μ-pyridazine)] "click" linker as a replacement for the natural phosphate group are reported together with the synthesis of luminescent adenosine and thymidine derivatives having the [Re2(μ-Cl)2(CO)6(μ-pyridazine)] entity attached to positions 5' and 3', respectively. These compounds were synthesized by applying inverse-electron-demand Diels-Alder and copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions in three or four steps. The obtained compounds exhibited orange emission (λPL ≈ 600 nm, ΦPL ≈ 0.10, and τ = 0.33-0.61 μs) and no toxicity (except for one nucleoside) to human HeLa cervical epithelioid and Ishikawa endometrial adenocarcinoma cancer cells in vitro. Furthermore, the compounds' ability to inhibit the growth of Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli bacterial strains was moderate and only observed at a high concentration of 100 μM. Confocal microscopy imaging revealed that the "dirhenium carbonyl" dinucleosides and nucleosides localized mainly in the membranous structures of HeLa cells and uniformly inside S. aureus and E. coli bacterial cells. An interesting finding was that some of the tested compounds were also found in the nuclei of HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Skiba
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Łódź, Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Kowalczyk
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Aleksander Gorski
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Dutkiewicz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Gapińska
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Laboratory of Microscopic Imaging and Specialized Biological Techniques, University of Łódź, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 Łódź, Poland
| | - Józef Stróżek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Łódź, Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Woźniak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Damian Trzybiński
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Konrad Kowalski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Łódź, Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland.
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Yadav A, Kaushik C, Kumar M. Hydrazones tethered disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles: design, synthesis, antitubercular and antimicrobial evaluation. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
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11
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Post-Functionalization of Organometallic Complexes via Click-Reaction. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196494. [PMID: 36235030 PMCID: PMC9614606 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
CuAAC (Cu catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition) click-reaction is a simple and powerful method for the post-synthetic modification of organometallic complexes of transition metals. This approach allows the selective introduction of additional donor sites or functional groups to the periphery of the ligand environment. This is especially important if a metalloligand with free donor sites, which are of the same nature as the primary site for the coordination of the primary metal, has to be created. The concept of post-synthetic modification of organometallic complexes by click-reaction is relatively recent and the currently available experimental material does not yet allow us to identify trends and formulate recommendations to address specific problems. In the present study, we have applied the CuAAC reaction for the post-synthetic modification of diimine mononuclear complexes Re(I), Pt(II) and Ir(III) with C≡C bonds at the periphery of the ligand environment and demonstrated that click-chemistry is a powerful tool for the tunable chemical post-synthetic modification of coordination compounds.
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