1
|
Dey A, Dworzak MR, Korathotage KDP, Ghosh M, Hoq J, Montone CM, Yap GPA, Bloch ED. Increasing the stability of calixarene-capped porous cages through coordination sphere tuning. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:4005-4009. [PMID: 38314611 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03365a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Chemically and thermally stable permanently porous coordination cages are appealing candidates for separations, catalysis, and as the porous component of new porous liquids. However, many of these applications have not turned to microporous cages as a result of their poor solubility and thermal or hydrolytic stability. Here we describe the design and modular synthesis of iron and cobalt cages where the carboxylate groups of the bridging ligands of well-known calixarene capped coordination cages have been replaced with more basic triazole units. The resultingly higher M-L bond strengths afford highly stable cages that are amenable to modular synthetic approaches and potential functionalization or modification. Owing to the robust nature of these cages, they are highly processable and are isolable in various physical states with tunable porosity depending on the solvation methods used. As the structural integrity of the cages is maintained upon high activation temperatures, apparent losses in porosity can be mediated by resolvation and crystallization or precipitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avishek Dey
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - Michael R Dworzak
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | | | - Munmun Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
| | - Jahidul Hoq
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA.
| | - Christine M Montone
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA.
| | - Glenn P A Yap
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA.
| | - Eric D Bloch
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Moree LK, Faulkner LAV, Crowley JD. Heterometallic cages: synthesis and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:25-46. [PMID: 38037385 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00690e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
High symmetry metallosupramolecular architectures (MSAs) have been exploited for a range of applications including molecular recognition, catalysis and drug delivery. Recently there have been increasing efforts to enhance those applications by generating reduced symmetry MSAs. While there are several emerging methods for generating lower symmetry MSAs, this tutorial review examines the general methods used for synthesizing heterometallic MSAs with a particular focus on heterometallic cages. Additionally, the intrinsic properties of the cages and their potential emerging applications as host-guest systems and reaction catalysts are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lana K Moree
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Logan A V Faulkner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - James D Crowley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Molinska P, Tarzia A, Male L, Jelfs KE, Lewis JEM. Diastereoselective Self-Assembly of Low-Symmetry Pd n L 2n Nanocages through Coordination-Sphere Engineering. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202315451. [PMID: 37888946 PMCID: PMC10952360 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic cages (MOCs) are popular host architectures assembled from ligands and metal ions/nodes. Assembling structurally complex, low-symmetry MOCs with anisotropic cavities can be limited by the formation of statistical isomer libraries. We set out to investigate the use of primary coordination-sphere engineering (CSE) to bias isomer selectivity within homo- and heteroleptic Pdn L2n cages. Unexpected differences in selectivities between alternative donor groups led us to recognise the significant impact of the second coordination sphere on isomer stabilities. From this, molecular-level insight into the origins of selectivity between cis and trans diastereoisomers was gained, highlighting the importance of both host-guest and host-solvent interactions, in addition to ligand design. This detailed understanding allows precision engineering of low-symmetry MOC assemblies without wholesale redesign of the ligand framework, and fundamentally provides a theoretical scaffold for the development of stimuli-responsive, shape-shifting MOCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Molinska
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Birmingham EdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Andrew Tarzia
- Department of Applied Science and TechnologyPolitecnico di TorinoCorso Duca degli Abruzzi 2410129TorinoItaly
| | - Louise Male
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Birmingham EdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| | - Kim E. Jelfs
- Department of ChemistryImperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub White City CampusWood LaneLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - James E. M. Lewis
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Birmingham EdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Delaporte S, Abánades Lázaro I, López-Cabrelles J, Mazarakioti EC, Chebourou S, Vitórica-Yrezábal IJ, Giménez-Marqués M, Mínguez Espallargas G. Imparting structural robustness of metal-organic cages based on oxo-dimolybdenum clusters. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:15682-15687. [PMID: 37646573 PMCID: PMC10628856 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02482b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
A family of robust and stable molybdenum-based metal-organic cages have been obtained based on the [Mo2O2(μ2-O)2]2+ secondary building unit. The resulting cages are decorated with different pyrdine derivatives that impart structural stability, resulting in the structural elucidation of the activated cage with single-crystal diffraction. The chemical robustness of the cage is also demonstrated by the post-synthetic modification of the cage, which allows the exchange of the pyridine derivatives without rupture of the cage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Solène Delaporte
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain.
- ENS Paris-Saclay, Département de Chimie, 4 Av. des Sciences, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Isabel Abánades Lázaro
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain.
| | - Javier López-Cabrelles
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain.
| | - Eleni C Mazarakioti
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain.
| | - Sarah Chebourou
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain.
| | | | - Mónica Giménez-Marqués
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Spain.
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bobylev EO, Passerini L, de Zwart FJ, Poole DA, Mathew S, Huber M, de Bruin B, Reek JNH. Pd 12M nL 24 (for n = 6, 8, 12) nanospheres by post-assembly modification of Pd 12L 24 spheres. Chem Sci 2023; 14:11840-11849. [PMID: 37920352 PMCID: PMC10619623 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03745b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this contribution, we describe a post-assembly modification approach to selectively coordinate transition metals in Pd12L24 cuboctahedra. The herein reported approach involves the preparation of Pd12L24 nanospheres with protonated nitrogen donor ligands that are covalently linked at the interior. The so obtained Pd12(LH+)24 nanospheres are shown to be suitable for coordinative post-modification after deprotection by deprotonation. Selective formation of tetra-coordinated MB in Pd12MB6L24, tri-coordinated MB in Pd12MB8L24 nanospheres and two-coordinated MB in Pd12MB12L24 nanospheres is achieved as a result of different nitrogen donor ligands. A combination of pulsed EPR spectroscopy (DEER) to measure Cu-Cu distances in the different spheres, NMR studies and computational investigations, support the presence of the complexes at precise locations of the Pd12MB6L24 nanosphere. The general post-assembly modification methodology can be extended using other transition metal precursors or supramolecular systems and can guide precise formation and investigation of novel transition metal-complex containing nanospheres with well-defined composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduard O Bobylev
- van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Leonardo Passerini
- Department of Physics, Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University Niels Bohrweg 2 2333 CA Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Felix J de Zwart
- van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - David A Poole
- van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Simon Mathew
- van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Martina Huber
- Department of Physics, Huygens-Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory, Leiden University Niels Bohrweg 2 2333 CA Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Bas de Bruin
- van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Joost N H Reek
- van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam Science Park 904 1098 XH Amsterdam The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Doñagueda Suso B, Legrand A, Weetman C, Kennedy AR, Fletcher AJ, Furukawa S, Craig GA. Porous Metal-Organic Cages Based on Rigid Bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-7-ene Type Ligands: Synthesis, Structure, and Gas Uptake Properties. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202300732. [PMID: 37022280 PMCID: PMC10947411 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202300732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Three new ligands containing a bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-7-ene-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxydiimide unit have been used to assemble lantern-type metal-organic cages with the general formula [Cu4 L4 ]. Functionalisation of the backbone of the ligands leads to distinct crystal packing motifs between the three cages, as observed with single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The three cages vary in their gas sorption behaviour, and the capacity of the materials for CO2 is found to depend on the activation conditions: softer activation conditions lead to superior uptake, and one of the cages displays the highest BET surface area found for lantern-type cages so far.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandre Legrand
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS)Kyoto UniversityiCeMS Research Building Yoshida, Sakyo-kuKyotoJapan
- Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide (UCCS)Université de LilleCNRSCentrale LilleUniversité d'ArtoisUMR 818159000LilleFrance
| | - Catherine Weetman
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Alan R. Kennedy
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| | - Ashleigh J. Fletcher
- Department of Chemical and Process EngineeringUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XJUK
| | - Shuhei Furukawa
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS)Kyoto UniversityiCeMS Research Building Yoshida, Sakyo-kuKyotoJapan
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological ChemistryKyoto UniversityiCeMS Research Building Yoshida, Sakyo-kuKyotoJapan
| | - Gavin A. Craig
- Department of Pure and Applied ChemistryUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowG1 1XLUK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nguyen TN, Nguyen AN, Tran NM, Park IH, Yoo H. Hierarchical packing of racemic metallosupramolecular cages with Ni(II)-based triple-stranded helicate building blocks. IUCRJ 2023; 10:321-328. [PMID: 36995774 PMCID: PMC10161775 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252523002385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Three novel hierarchical Ni-based metallosupramolecular cages were constructed from nickel ions, pyridine dicarboxylates and isophthalate derivative ligands (the substituents on C5 of isophthalate are methyl, tert-butyl and bromo groups). In every cage, two multinuclear nickel clusters, assembled from four nickel atoms and three pyridine dicarboxylate ligands, are interlinked by three isophthalate-derivative ligands to form a nickel-based triple-stranded helicate (TSH), which then becomes the supramolecular building block for the fabrication of a metallocage. Six homochiral TSH supramolecular building blocks, either left (M)-handed or right (P)-handed, are connected by four linking nickel atoms to generate M6 and P6 discrete racemic cage molecules (M6 - cage with six M-TSHs; P6 - cage with six P-TSHs). The crystal packing of the racemic cages was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. An additional cobalt-based molecular cage with 5-methylisophthalate bridging ligands was synthesized for host-guest interaction studies. The methyl groups in Co- and Ni-TSH can act as guest units to be accommodated in the cone-shaped metal clusters (host) of an adjacent cage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Nhan Nguyen
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Anh Ngoc Nguyen
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Ngoc Minh Tran
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hyeok Park
- Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology (GRAST), Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojong Yoo
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bloch WM, Horiuchi S, Holstein JJ, Drechsler C, Wuttke A, Hiller W, Mata RA, Clever GH. Maximized axial helicity in a Pd 2L 4 cage: inverse guest size-dependent compression and mesocate isomerism. Chem Sci 2023; 14:1524-1531. [PMID: 36794203 PMCID: PMC9906678 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06629g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicity is an archetypal structural motif of many biological systems and provides a basis for molecular recognition in DNA. Whilst artificial supramolecular hosts are often helical, the relationship between helicity and guest encapsulation is not well understood. We report a detailed study on a significantly coiled-up Pd2L4 metallohelicate with an unusually wide azimuthal angle (∼176°). Through a combination of NMR spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, trapped ion mobility mass spectrometry and isothermal titration calorimetry we show that the coiled-up cage exhibits extremely tight anion binding (K of up to 106 M-1) by virtue of a pronounced oblate/prolate cavity expansion, whereby the Pd-Pd separation decreases for mono-anionic guests of increasing size. Electronic structure calculations point toward strong dispersion forces contributing to these host-guest interactions. In the absence of a suitable guest, the helical cage exists in equilibrium with a well-defined mesocate isomer that possesses a distinct cavity environment afforded by a doubled Pd-Pd separation distance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Witold M Bloch
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
- Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University Adelaide South Australia 5042 Australia
| | - Shinnosuke Horiuchi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
- Division of Chemistry and Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagasaki University Bunkyo-machi Nagasaki 852-8521 Japan
| | - Julian J Holstein
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Christoph Drechsler
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Axel Wuttke
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University Göttingen Tammannstraße 6 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Wolf Hiller
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
| | - Ricardo A Mata
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University Göttingen Tammannstraße 6 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Guido H Clever
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University Otto-Hahn-Straße 6 44227 Dortmund Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Metallic–Organic Cages (MOCs) with Heterometallic Character: Flexibility-Enhancing MOFs. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13020317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The dichotomy between metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and metal–organic cages (MOCs) opens up the research spectrum of two fields which, despite having similarities, both have their advantages and disadvantages. Due to the fact that they have cavities inside, they also have applicability in the porosity sector. Bloch and coworkers within this evolution from MOFs to MOCs manage to describe a MOC with a structure of Cu2 paddlewheel Cu4L4 (L = bis(pyrazolyl)methane) with high precision thanks to crystallographic analyses of X-ray diffraction and also SEM-EDX. Then, also at the same level of concreteness, they were able to find the self-assembly of Pd(II)Cl2 moieties on the available nitrogen donor atoms leading to a [Cu4(L(PdCl2))4] structure. Here, calculations of the DFT density functional allow us to reach an unusual precision given the magnitude and structural complexity, explaining how a pyrazole ring of each bis(pyprazolyl)methane ligand must rotate from an anti to a syn conformation, and a truncation of the MOC structure allows us to elucidate, in the absence of the MOC constraint and its packing in the crystal, that the rotation is almost barrierless, as well as also explain the relative stability of the different conformations, with the anti being the most stable conformation. Characterization calculations with Mayer bond orders (MBO) and noncovalent interaction (NCI) plots discern what is important in the interaction of this type of cage with PdCl2 moieties, also CuCl2 by analogy, as well as simple molecules of water, since the complex is stable in this solvent. However, the L ligand is proved to not have the ability to stabilize an H2O molecule.
Collapse
|