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Patra S, Nandi M, Maurya MR, Sahu G, Mohapatra D, Reuter H, Dinda R. Ni-Unsymmetrical Salen Complex-Catalyzed One-Pot Multicomponent Reactions for Efficient Synthesis of Biologically Active 2-Amino-3-cyano-4 H-pyrans. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:31910-31924. [PMID: 39072099 PMCID: PMC11270558 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c03528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
In this report, four new Ni(II)-unsymmetrical salen complexes, [NiL1-4], were prepared by refluxing Ni(Ac)2·4H2O with unsymmetrical salen ligands, H2L1-4. All of the synthesized ligands and complexes were characterized by various physicochemical methods. Also, the solid-state structures of [NiL1], [NiL2], and [NiL4] were defined through single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods. The catalytic potential of [NiL1-4] was investigated by economic and environmentally friendly one-pot-three-component reactions (using reagent: 1,3-dicarbonyls, malononitrile, benzaldehyde, or its derivatives) for the synthesis of biologically active 2-amino-3-cyano-4H-pyran derivatives (total 16 derivatives). After optimization of the reaction conditions, this new synthetic protocol by taking Ni(II)-unsymmetrical salen complexes as catalysts shows excellent conversion with a maximum yield of up to 98% of the effective catalytic products within 1 h of reaction time. In addition, it was observed that the aromatic aldehyde containing an electron-withdrawing group as a ring substituent shows better conversion (up to 98%), and the electron-donating group substituent shows similar or less conversion compared to benzaldehyde under the optimized reaction conditions. From the comparison of results between all these Ni complexes, it was found that the efficiency of the catalytic performance follows the order [NiL1] > [NiL3] > [NiL2] > [NiL4]. A possible reaction pathway was predicted and established through UV-vis spectroscopy. Intermediate II proposed in the reaction pathway was also trapped and characterized through 1H and 13C NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monojit Nandi
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Mannar R. Maurya
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology
Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Gurunath Sahu
- Department
of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, India
| | - Deepika Mohapatra
- Department
of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, India
| | - Hans Reuter
- Institute
of Chemistry of New Materials, University
of Osnabrück, Barbarastraße 6, 49069 Osnabruck, Germany
| | - Rupam Dinda
- Department
of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, India
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Kumar M, Nayek HP. Syntheses and exploration of the catalytic activities of organotin(IV) compounds. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:9827-9837. [PMID: 38804088 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00646a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Six organotin(IV) compounds (1-6) have been synthesized by reaction of the polydentate pro-ligands H3L and H2L, respectively, with the corresponding diorganotin chlorides. All of the compounds were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, 1H, 13C{1H}, and 119Sn (1H) NMR spectroscopy, HRMS spectrometry, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The solid-state structures show that all of the compounds are monomeric (except compound 3) and contain a penta-coordinated tin atom. Compound 3 is a dimer with two hexa-coordinated tin atoms. Compounds 1-3 contain a non-coordinated hydroxymethyl group. All of the compounds have been screened for their catalytic efficacy in the synthesis of 1,2 disubstituted benzimidazoles using o-phenylenediamine and aldehyde derivatives. It has been observed that both the Lewis acidic Sn(IV) centre and the hydroxymethyl group (hydrogen bond donor) catalyse the reactions with a product yield of up to 92%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad-826004, Jharkhand, India.
| | - Hari Pada Nayek
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad-826004, Jharkhand, India.
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Mohapatra D, Patra SA, Pattanayak PD, Sahu G, Sasamori T, Dinda R. Monomeric copper(II) complexes with unsymmetrical salen environment: Synthesis, characterization and study of biological activities. J Inorg Biochem 2024; 253:112497. [PMID: 38290220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2024.112497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Three new ONNO-donor tetradentate unsymmetrical salen ligands were synthesized by using o-phenyl diamine with substituted salicylaldehydes followed by a two-step reaction methodology. These three ligands by reaction with Cu(OAc)2.4H2O produced three new monomeric Cu(II) complexes, [CuII(L1-3)] (1-3). Elemental analysis, IR, UV-vis, NMR, and HR-ESI-MS techniques were used to analyze and characterize all the synthesized ligands and their corresponding metal complexes. Molecular structures of 1-3 were confirmed by the single-crystal-XRD analysis. Furthermore, the DNA binding ability of these complexes was checked through UV-vis, fluorescence spectroscopy, and also by circular dichroism studies. All the complexes were found to show an intercalation mode of binding with the Kb value in the range of 104-105 M-1. Finally, 1-3 was tested against two malignant (HeLa and A549) and non-cancerous (NIH-3T3) cell lines to check their in vitro antiproliferative activities. Among all, 1 is the most cytotoxic of the series having IC50 values of 5.7 ± 0.9 and 6.0 ± 0.3 μM against HeLa and A549 cell lines, respectively. This result is also consistent with the DNA binding order. Furthermore, the apoptotic mode of cell death of all the complexes was also evaluated by DAPI, AO/EB, and Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Mohapatra
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Sushree Aradhana Patra
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | | | - Gurunath Sahu
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | - Takahiro Sasamori
- University of Tsukuba, Institute of Natural Sciences B-506, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Rupam Dinda
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India.
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Sahu G, Sahu K, Patra SA, Mohapatra D, Khangar R, Sengupta S, Dinda R. Hydrolytically Stable Ti IV-Hydrazone-Based Metallodrugs: Protein Interaction and Anticancer Potential. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:5360-5371. [PMID: 38019535 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
In this work, three titanium(IV) [TiIV(L1-3)2] (1-3) complexes have been reported using three different tridentate dibasic ONO donor hydrazone ligands, pyridine-4-carboxylic acid (3-ethoxy-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-hydrazide (H2L1), furan-2-carboxylic acid (3-ethoxy-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-hydrazide (H2L2), and thiophene-2-carboxylic acid (3-ethoxy-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-hydrazide (H2L3) tethered with heterocyclic moieties. Elemental analysis, FT-IR, UV-vis, NMR, HR-ESI-MS, and single-crystal X-ray analysis have been used to characterize H2L1-3 and 1-3. In solid structures of 1-3, two ligand molecules with N2O4 donor sets give distorted octahedral geometries to the metal center. The aqueous stability of 1-3 was investigated and well correlated to their perceived pharmacological results. During the investigation, all three complexes were found to be hydrolytically stable in a 90% DMSO-d6/10% D2O (v/v) medium up to 48 h. Furthermore, the interaction of 1-3 with bovine serum albumin (BSA) was tested using fluorescence and absorption techniques. The complexes showed static quenching with a biomolecular quenching constant of Kq ∼ 1013 proposing a high affinity of complexes for BSA. Finally, the anticancer potential of 1-3 was tested against HeLa, A549, and NIH-3T3 cell lines. Among all, 1 with an IC50 value of 11.6 ± 1.1 μM against HeLa cells was found to be the most cytotoxic in the series. Furthermore, it has been found that the compounds induce an apoptotic mode of cell death, which is confirmed by the live cell confocal microscopy and flow cytometry techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurunath Sahu
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Kausik Sahu
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Sushree Aradhana Patra
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Deepika Mohapatra
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Ravi Khangar
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Swaraj Sengupta
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand 835215, India
| | - Rupam Dinda
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
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Sahu G, Patra SA, Pattanayak PD, Dinda R. Recent advancements of fluorescent tin(IV) complexes in biomedical molecular imaging. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:10188-10204. [PMID: 37551645 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc01953e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
In the last few years, tin(IV) complexes have emerged as very attractive candidates in the field of molecular imaging due to their unique photophysical properties. Despite the few reviews published to date covering the chemistry of organotin and tin complexes and their cytotoxic potential, there are no reviews devoted to their live cell imaging properties. Therefore, this feature article summarizes the discussion of the fundamental photophysical properties of fluorescent tin metal complexes focusing on their recent advances in "biomedical molecular imaging". A debate on the design of tin complexes as cellular imaging agents relating to their chemical, electronic and photophysical properties is enclosed. This paper also discusses the imaging applications of tin complexes in cells, tissues, and organisms via confocal and multiphoton imaging for sensing mechanisms in cellular media, bioimaging, and therapeutic labeling. In addition, it explores and explains the current challenges and prospects associated with these tin complexes as emerging luminescent cellular agents for potential clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurunath Sahu
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008 Odisha, India.
| | - Sushree Aradhana Patra
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008 Odisha, India.
| | | | - Rupam Dinda
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, 769008 Odisha, India.
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Sikora P, Naumann R, Förster C, Heinze K. Excited state energy landscape of phosphorescent group 14 complexes. Chem Sci 2023; 14:2489-2500. [PMID: 36908954 PMCID: PMC9993841 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06984a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Great progress has been achieved on phosphorescent or photoactive complexes of the Earth-abundant transition metals, while examples for phosphorescent heavy main group element complexes are rare, in particular for group 14 complexes in the oxidation state +II. The known compounds often show only weak phosphorescence with fast non-radiative deactivation. The underlying photophysical processes and the nature of the phosphorescent electronic states have remained essentially unexplored. The present combined photophysical and theoretical study on tin(ii) and lead(ii) complexes E(bpep) with the dianionic tridentate ligand bpep2- (E = Sn, Pb; H2bpep = 2-[1,1-bis(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)ethyl]pyridine) provides unprecedented insight in the excited state energy landscape of tetrel(ii) complexes. The tin complex shows green intraligand charge transfer (ILCT) phosphorescence both in solution and in the solid state. In spite of its larger heavy-atom effect, the lead complex only shows very weak red phosphorescence from a strongly distorted ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) state at low temperatures in the solid state. Detailed (TD-)DFT calculations explain these observations and delineate the major path of non-radiative deactivation via distorted LMCT states. These novel insights provide rational design principles for tetrel(ii) complexes with long-lived phosphorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Sikora
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Robert Naumann
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Christoph Förster
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Katja Heinze
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Duesbergweg 10-14 55128 Mainz Germany
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Ying A, Ying L. A new hydrocyanine probe for imaging reactive oxygen species in the mitochondria of live cells. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 87:129262. [PMID: 37001568 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
A new hydrocyanine probe containing a ROS-responsive element and a mitochondrial-targeting moiety, as well as a thiol-reactive chloromethyl group, has been designed for imaging reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the mitochondria of live cells. This hydrocyanine probe is cell-permeable, selectively targets mitochondria and responds to superoxide and hydroxyl radical, and can be used for detection of ROS production in the mitochondria of live cells caused by an oxidative stress.
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