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Mi J, Chen L, Ma J, Yang K, Hou T, Liu M, Lv W, He YB. Defect Strategy in Solid-State Lithium Batteries. SMALL METHODS 2023:e2301162. [PMID: 37821415 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state lithium batteries (SSLBs) have great development prospects in high-security new energy fields, but face major challenges such as poor charge transfer kinetics, high interface impedance, and unsatisfactory cycle stability. Defect engineering is an effective method to regulate the composition and structure of electrodes and electrolytes, which plays a crucial role in dominating physical and electrochemical performance. It is necessary to summarize the recent advances regarding defect engineering in SSLBs and analyze the mechanism, thus inspiring future work. This review systematically summarizes the role of defects in providing storage sites/active sites, promoting ion diffusion and charge transport of electrodes, and improving structural stability and ionic conductivity of solid-state electrolytes. The defects greatly affect the electronic structure, chemical bond strength and charge transport process of the electrodes and solid-state electrolytes to determine their electrochemical performance and stability. Then, this review presents common defect fabrication methods and the specific role mechanism of defects in electrodes and solid-state electrolytes. At last, challenges and perspectives of defect strategies in high-performance SSLBs are proposed to guide future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshuo Mi
- Shenzhen All-Solid-State Lithium Battery Electrolyte Engineering Research Center, Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Likun Chen
- Shenzhen All-Solid-State Lithium Battery Electrolyte Engineering Research Center, Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jiabin Ma
- Shenzhen All-Solid-State Lithium Battery Electrolyte Engineering Research Center, Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Shenzhen All-Solid-State Lithium Battery Electrolyte Engineering Research Center, Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Tingzheng Hou
- Shenzhen All-Solid-State Lithium Battery Electrolyte Engineering Research Center, Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Shenzhen All-Solid-State Lithium Battery Electrolyte Engineering Research Center, Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Wei Lv
- Shenzhen All-Solid-State Lithium Battery Electrolyte Engineering Research Center, Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yan-Bing He
- Shenzhen All-Solid-State Lithium Battery Electrolyte Engineering Research Center, Institute of Materials Research (IMR), Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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Il'ina E. Recent Strategies for Lithium-Ion Conductivity Improvement in Li 7La 3Zr 2O 12 Solid Electrolytes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12905. [PMID: 37629085 PMCID: PMC10454846 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of solid electrolytes with high conductivity is one of the key factors in the creation of new power-generation sources. Lithium-ion solid electrolytes based on Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZ) with a garnet structure are in great demand for all-solid-state battery production. Li7La3Zr2O12 has two structural modifications: tetragonal (I41/acd) and cubic (Ia3d). A doping strategy is proposed for the stabilization of highly conductive cubic Li7La3Zr2O12. The structure features, density, and microstructure of the ceramic membrane are caused by the doping strategy and synthesis method of the solid electrolyte. The influence of different dopants on the stabilization of the cubic phase and conductivity improvement of solid electrolytes based on Li7La3Zr2O12 is discussed in the presented review. For mono-doping, the highest values of lithium-ion conductivity (~10-3 S/cm at room temperature) are achieved for solid electrolytes with the partial substitution of Li+ by Ga3+, and Zr4+ by Te6+. Moreover, the positive effect of double elements doping on the Zr site in Li7La3Zr2O12 is established. There is an increase in the popularity of dual- and multi-doping on several Li7La3Zr2O12 sublattices. Such a strategy leads not only to lithium-ion conductivity improvement but also to the reduction of annealing temperature and the amount of some high-cost dopant. Al and Ga proved to be effective co-doping elements for the simultaneous substitution in Li/Zr and Li/La sublattices of Li7La3Zr2O12 for improving the lithium-ion conductivity of solid electrolytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniya Il'ina
- Laboratory of Electrochemical Power Sources, Institute of High Temperature Electrochemistry, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg 620990, Russia
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3
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He B, Kang S, Zhao X, Zhang J, Wang X, Yang Y, Yang L, Liao R. Cold Sintering of Li 6.4La 3Zr 1.4Ta 0.6O 12/PEO Composite Solid Electrolytes. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196756. [PMID: 36235290 PMCID: PMC9572155 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ceramic/polymer composite solid electrolytes integrate the high ionic conductivity of in ceramics and the flexibility of organic polymers. In practice, ceramic/polymer composite solid electrolytes are generally made into thin films rather than sintered into bulk due to processing temperature limitations. In this work, Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO)/polyethylene-oxide (PEO) electrolyte containing bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) as the lithium salt was successfully fabricated into bulk pellets via the cold sintering process (CSP). Using CSP, above 80% dense composite electrolyte pellets were obtained, and a high Li-ion conductivity of 2.4 × 10−4 S cm–1 was achieved at room temperature. This work focuses on the conductivity contributions and microstructural development within the CSP process of composite solid electrolytes. Cold sintering provides an approach for bridging the gap in processing temperatures of ceramics and polymers, thereby enabling high-performance composites for electrochemical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binlang He
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Shenglin Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xuetong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Jiexin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Xilin Wang
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Lijun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Ruijin Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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Li J, Zhang J, Zhai H, Tang X, Tan G. Rapid synthesis of garnet-type Li7La3Zr2O12 solid electrolyte with superior electrochemical performance. Ann Ital Chir 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2021.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Crystal Structure and Preparation of Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) Solid-State Electrolyte and Doping Impacts on the Conductivity: An Overview. ELECTROCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/electrochem2030026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As an essential part of solid-state lithium-ion batteries, solid electrolytes are receiving increasing interest. Among all solid electrolytes, garnet-type Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) has proven to be one of the most promising electrolytes because of its high ionic conductivity at room temperature, low activation energy, good chemical and electrochemical stability, and wide potential window. Since the first report of LLZO, extensive research has been done in both experimental investigations and theoretical simulations aiming to improve its performance and make LLZO a feasible solid electrolyte. These include developing different methods for the synthesis of LLZO, using different crucibles and different sintering temperatures to stabilize the crystal structure, and adopting different methods of cation doping to achieve more stable LLZO with a higher ionic conductivity and lower activation energy. It also includes intensive efforts made to reveal the mechanism of Li ion movement and understand its determination of the ionic conductivity of the material through molecular dynamic simulations. Nonetheless, more insightful study is expected in order to obtain LLZO with a higher ionic conductivity at room temperature and further improve chemical and electrochemical stability, while optimal multiple doping is thought to be a feasible and promising route. This review summarizes recent progress in the investigations of crystal structure and preparation of LLZO, and the impacts of doping on the lithium ionic conductivity of LLZO.
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Wu W, Duan J, Wen J, Chen Y, Liu X, Huang L, Wang Z, Deng S, Huang Y, Luo W. A writable lithium metal ink. Sci China Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-020-9810-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Wang C, Fu K, Kammampata SP, McOwen DW, Samson AJ, Zhang L, Hitz GT, Nolan AM, Wachsman ED, Mo Y, Thangadurai V, Hu L. Garnet-Type Solid-State Electrolytes: Materials, Interfaces, and Batteries. Chem Rev 2020; 120:4257-4300. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengwei Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Kun Fu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | | | - Dennis W. McOwen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Maryland Energy Innovation Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Alfred Junio Samson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive Northwest, Calgary T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Maryland Energy Innovation Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Gregory T. Hitz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Maryland Energy Innovation Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Adelaide M. Nolan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Eric D. Wachsman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
- Maryland Energy Innovation Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Yifei Mo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Venkataraman Thangadurai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive Northwest, Calgary T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Liangbing Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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Ohno S, Banik A, Dewald GF, Kraft MA, Krauskopf T, Minafra N, Till P, Weiss M, Zeier WG. Materials design of ionic conductors for solid state batteries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1088/2516-1083/ab73dd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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9
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Thermal Gradients with Sintered Solid State Electrolytes in Lithium-Ion Batteries. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13010253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The electrolyte is one of the three essential constituents of a Lithium-Ion battery (LiB) in addition to the anode and cathode. During increasingly high power and high current charging and discharging, the requirement for the electrolyte becomes more strict. Solid State Electrolyte (SSE) sees its niche for high power applications due to its ability to suppress concentration polarization and otherwise stable properties also related to safety. During high power and high current cycling, heat management becomes more important and thermal conductivity measurements are needed. In this work, thermal conductivity was measured for three types of solid state electrolytes: Li 7 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 (LLZO), Li 1.5 Al 0.5 Ge 1.5 (PO 4 ) 3 (LAGP), and Li 1.3 Al 0.3 Ti 1.7 (PO 4 ) 3 (LATP) at different compaction pressures. LAGP and LATP were measured after sintering, and LLZO was measured before and after sintering the sample material. Thermal conductivity for the sintered electrolytes was measured to 0.470 ± 0.009 WK − 1 m − 1 , 0.5 ± 0.2 WK − 1 m − 1 and 0.49 ± 0.02 WK − 1 m − 1 for LLZO, LAGP, and LATP respectively. Before sintering, LLZO showed a thermal conductivity of 0.22 ± 0.02 WK − 1 m − 1 . An analytical temperature distribution model for a battery stack of 24 cells shows temperature differences between battery center and edge of 1–2 K for standard liquid electrolytes and 7–9 K for solid state electrolytes, both at the same C-rate of four.
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Aniya M, Ikeda M. A Model for Non-Arrhenius Ionic Conductivity. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E911. [PMID: 31238516 PMCID: PMC6630995 DOI: 10.3390/nano9060911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Non-Arrhenius ionic conductivity is observed in various solid electrolytes. The behavior is intriguing, because it limits the magnitude of ionic conductivity at high temperatures. Understanding the nature of this behavior is of fundamental interest and deserves attention. In the present study, the temperature dependence of the ionic conductivity in solids and liquids is analyzed using the Bond Strength-Coordination Number Fluctuation (BSCNF) model developed by ourselves. It is shown that our model describes well the temperature dependence of ionic conductivity that varies from Arrhenius to non-Arrhenius-type behavior. According to our model, the non-Arrhenius behavior is controlled by the degree of binding energy fluctuation between the mobile species and the surroundings. A brief discussion on a possible size effect in non-Arrhenius behavior is also given. Within the available data, the BSCNF model suggests that the size effect in the degree of the non-Arrhenius mass transport behavior in a poly (methyl ethyl ether)/polystyrene (PVME/PS) blend is different from that in a-polystyrene and polyamide copolymer PA66/6I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Aniya
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Ikeda
- Department of General Education, National Institute of Technology, Oita College, Oita 870-0152, Japan.
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11
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Luo Y, Li X, Zhang Y, Ge L, Chen H, Guo L. Electrochemical properties and structural stability of Ga- and Y- co-doping in Li7La3Zr2O12 ceramic electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.10.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Sun B, Liu K, Lang J, Fang M, Jin Y, Wu H. Ionic liquid enabling stable interface in solid state lithium sulfur batteries working at room temperature. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.07.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Zhang X, Xie J, Shi F, Lin D, Liu Y, Liu W, Pei A, Gong Y, Wang H, Liu K, Xiang Y, Cui Y. Vertically Aligned and Continuous Nanoscale Ceramic-Polymer Interfaces in Composite Solid Polymer Electrolytes for Enhanced Ionic Conductivity. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:3829-3838. [PMID: 29727578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b01111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Among all solid electrolytes, composite solid polymer electrolytes, comprised of polymer matrix and ceramic fillers, garner great interest due to the enhancement of ionic conductivity and mechanical properties derived from ceramic-polymer interactions. Here, we report a composite electrolyte with densely packed, vertically aligned, and continuous nanoscale ceramic-polymer interfaces, using surface-modified anodized aluminum oxide as the ceramic scaffold and poly(ethylene oxide) as the polymer matrix. The fast Li+ transport along the ceramic-polymer interfaces was proven experimentally for the first time, and an interfacial ionic conductivity higher than 10-3 S/cm at 0 °C was predicted. The presented composite solid electrolyte achieved an ionic conductivity as high as 5.82 × 10-4 S/cm at the electrode level. The vertically aligned interfacial structure in the composite electrolytes enables the viable application of the composite solid electrolyte with superior ionic conductivity and high hardness, allowing Li-Li cells to be cycled at a small polarization without Li dendrite penetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokun Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
- School of Materials and Energy , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu , Sichuan 611731 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Xie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Feifei Shi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Dingchang Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Yayuan Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Allen Pei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Yongji Gong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Hongxia Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
| | - Yong Xiang
- School of Materials and Energy , University of Electronic Science and Technology of China , Chengdu , Sichuan 611731 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Cui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , United States
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences , SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory , 2575 Sand Hill Road , Menlo Park , California 94025 , United States
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Huang X, Lu Y, Jin J, Gu S, Xiu T, Song Z, Badding ME, Wen Z. Method Using Water-Based Solvent to Prepare Li 7La 3Zr 2O 12 Solid Electrolytes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:17147-17155. [PMID: 29701463 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b01961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Li-garnet Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) is a promising candidate of solid electrolytes for high-safety solid-state Li+ ion batteries. However, because of its high reactivity to water, the preparation of LLZO powders and ceramics is not easy for large-scale amounts. Herein, a method applying water-based solvent is proposed to demonstrate a possible solution. Ta-doped LLZO, that is, Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO), and its LLZTO/MgO composite ceramics are made by attrition milling, followed by a spray-drying process using water-based slurries. The impacts of parameters of the method on the structure and properties of green and sintered pellets are studied. A relative density of ∼95%, a Li-ion conductivity of ∼3.5 × 10-4 S/cm, and uniform grain size LLZTO/MgO garnet composite ceramics are obtained with an attrition-milled LLZTO/MgO slurry that contains 40 wt % solids and 2 wt % polyvinyl alcohol binder. Li-sulfur batteries based on these ceramics are fabricated and work under 25 °C for 20 cycles with a Coulombic efficiency of 100%. This research demonstrates a promising mass production method for the preparation of Li-garnet ceramics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion , Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Science , Shanghai 200050 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19 A Yuquan Rd , Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Yang Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion , Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Science , Shanghai 200050 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19 A Yuquan Rd , Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Jun Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion , Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Science , Shanghai 200050 , P. R. China
| | - Sui Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion , Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Science , Shanghai 200050 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19 A Yuquan Rd , Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Tongping Xiu
- Corning Research Center China , 200 Jinsu Road , Shanghai 201206 , P. R. China
| | - Zhen Song
- Corning Incorporated , Corning , New York 14831 , United States
| | | | - Zhaoyin Wen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion , Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Science , Shanghai 200050 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , 19 A Yuquan Rd , Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
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15
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Rawlence M, Filippin AN, Wäckerlin A, Lin TY, Cuervo-Reyes E, Remhof A, Battaglia C, Rupp JLM, Buecheler S. Effect of Gallium Substitution on Lithium-Ion Conductivity and Phase Evolution in Sputtered Li 7-3 xGa xLa 3Zr 2O 12 Thin Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:13720-13728. [PMID: 29608054 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b03163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Replacing the liquid electrolyte in conventional lithium-ion batteries with thin-film solid-state lithium-ion conductors is a promising approach for increasing energy density, lifetime, and safety. In particular, Li7La3Zr2O12 is appealing due to its high lithium-ion conductivity and wide electrochemical stability window. Further insights into thin-film processing of this material are required for its successful integration into solid-state batteries. In this work, we investigate the phase evolution of Li7-3 xGa xLa3Zr2O12 in thin films with various amounts of Li and Ga for stabilizing the cubic phase. Through this work, we gain valuable insights into the crystallization processes unique to thin films and are able to form dense Li7-3 xGa xLa3Zr2O12 layers stabilized in the cubic phase with high in-plane lithium-ion conductivities of up to 1.6 × 10-5 S cm-1 at 30 °C. We also note the formation of cubic Li7La3Zr2O12 at the relatively low temperature of 500 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rawlence
- Electrochemical Materials , ETH Zurich , CH-8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - J L M Rupp
- Electrochemical Materials , ETH Zurich , CH-8093 Zurich , Switzerland
- Electrochemical Materials , Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
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Lu X, Yang D. Preparation of Garnet-Type Li7 − 3xAlxLa3Zr2O12 at Lower Temperature by Using Powders of Mixed Pre-treatment Conditions. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-018-0859-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Fu KK, Gong Y, Fu Z, Xie H, Yao Y, Liu B, Carter M, Wachsman E, Hu L. Transient Behavior of the Metal Interface in Lithium Metal-Garnet Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:14942-14947. [PMID: 28994191 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201708637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The interface between solid electrolytes and Li metal is a primary issue for solid-state batteries. Introducing a metal interlayer to conformally coat solid electrolytes can improve the interface wettability of Li metal and reduce the interfacial resistance, but the mechanism of the metal interlayer is unknown. In this work, we used magnesium (Mg) as a model to investigate the effect of a metal coating on the interfacial resistance of a solid electrolyte and Li metal anode. The Li-Mg alloy has low overpotential, leading to a lower interfacial resistance. Our motivation is to understand how the metal interlayer behaves at the interface to promote increased Li-metal wettability of the solid electrolyte surface and reduce interfacial resistance. Surprisingly, we found that the metal coating dissolved in the molten piece of Li and diffused into the bulk Li metal, leading to a small and stable interfacial resistance between the garnet solid electrolyte and the Li metal. We also found that the interfacial resistance did not change with increase in the thickness of the metal coating (5, 10, and 100 nm), due to the transient behavior of the metal interface layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Kelvin Fu
- Maryland Energy Innovation Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Yunhui Gong
- Maryland Energy Innovation Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Zhezhen Fu
- Maryland Energy Innovation Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Hua Xie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Yonggang Yao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Boyang Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Marcus Carter
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Eric Wachsman
- Maryland Energy Innovation Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Liangbing Hu
- Maryland Energy Innovation Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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18
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Fu KK, Gong Y, Fu Z, Xie H, Yao Y, Liu B, Carter M, Wachsman E, Hu L. Transient Behavior of the Metal Interface in Lithium Metal-Garnet Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201708637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Kelvin Fu
- Maryland Energy Innovation Institute; University of Maryland; College Park MD 20742 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Maryland; College Park MD 20742 USA
| | - Yunhui Gong
- Maryland Energy Innovation Institute; University of Maryland; College Park MD 20742 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Maryland; College Park MD 20742 USA
| | - Zhezhen Fu
- Maryland Energy Innovation Institute; University of Maryland; College Park MD 20742 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Maryland; College Park MD 20742 USA
| | - Hua Xie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Maryland; College Park MD 20742 USA
| | - Yonggang Yao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Maryland; College Park MD 20742 USA
| | - Boyang Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Maryland; College Park MD 20742 USA
| | - Marcus Carter
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Maryland; College Park MD 20742 USA
| | - Eric Wachsman
- Maryland Energy Innovation Institute; University of Maryland; College Park MD 20742 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Maryland; College Park MD 20742 USA
| | - Liangbing Hu
- Maryland Energy Innovation Institute; University of Maryland; College Park MD 20742 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Maryland; College Park MD 20742 USA
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19
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Yang C, Fu K, Zhang Y, Hitz E, Hu L. Protected Lithium-Metal Anodes in Batteries: From Liquid to Solid. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29. [PMID: 28741318 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201701169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
High-energy lithium-metal batteries are among the most promising candidates for next-generation energy storage systems. With a high specific capacity and a low reduction potential, the Li-metal anode has attracted extensive interest for decades. Dendritic Li formation, uncontrolled interfacial reactions, and huge volume effect are major hurdles to the commercial application of Li-metal anodes. Recent studies have shown that the performance and safety of Li-metal anodes can be significantly improved via organic electrolyte modification, Li-metal interface protection, Li-electrode framework design, separator coating, and so on. Superior to the liquid electrolytes, solid-state electrolytes are considered able to inhibit problematic Li dendrites and build safe solid Li-metal batteries. Inspired by the bright prospects of solid Li-metal batteries, increasing efforts have been devoted to overcoming the obstacles of solid Li-metal batteries, such as low ionic conductivity of the electrolyte and Li-electrolyte interfacial problems. Here, the approaches to protect Li-metal anodes from liquid batteries to solid-state batteries are outlined and analyzed in detail. Perspectives regarding the strategies for developing Li-metal anodes are discussed to facilitate the practical application of Li-metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunpeng Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland at College Park, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA
| | - Kun Fu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland at College Park, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland at College Park, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA
| | - Emily Hitz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland at College Park, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA
| | - Liangbing Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland at College Park, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA
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20
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Abdel-Basset DM, Mulmi S, El-Bana MS, Fouad SS, Thangadurai V. Structure, Ionic Conductivity, and Dielectric Properties of Li-Rich Garnet-type Li5+2xLa3Ta2–xSmxO12 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.55) and Their Chemical Stability. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:8865-8877. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dalia M. Abdel-Basset
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive Northwest, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
- Nano-Science & Semiconductor Laboratories, Department of Physics, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Suresh Mulmi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive Northwest, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Mohammed S. El-Bana
- Nano-Science & Semiconductor Laboratories, Department of Physics, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Suzan S. Fouad
- Nano-Science & Semiconductor Laboratories, Department of Physics, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Venkataraman Thangadurai
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive Northwest, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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21
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Luo W, Gong Y, Zhu Y, Li Y, Yao Y, Zhang Y, Fu KK, Pastel G, Lin CF, Mo Y, Wachsman ED, Hu L. Reducing Interfacial Resistance between Garnet-Structured Solid-State Electrolyte and Li-Metal Anode by a Germanium Layer. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1606042. [PMID: 28417487 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201606042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Substantial efforts are underway to develop all-solid-state Li batteries (SSLiBs) toward high safety, high power density, and high energy density. Garnet-structured solid-state electrolyte exhibits great promise for SSLiBs owing to its high Li-ion conductivity, wide potential window, and sufficient thermal/chemical stability. A major challenge of garnet is that the contact between the garnet and the Li-metal anodes is poor due to the rigidity of the garnet, which leads to limited active sites and large interfacial resistance. This study proposes a new methodology for reducing the garnet/Li-metal interfacial resistance by depositing a thin germanium (Ge) (20 nm) layer on garnet. By applying this approach, the garnet/Li-metal interfacial resistance decreases from ≈900 to ≈115 Ω cm2 due to an alloying reaction between the Li metal and the Ge. In agreement with experiments, first-principles calculation confirms the good stability and improved wetting at the interface between the lithiated Ge layer and garnet. In this way, this unique Ge modification technique enables a stable cycling performance of a full cell of lithium metal, garnet electrolyte, and LiFePO4 cathode at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Yunhui Gong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- University of Maryland Energy Research Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Yizhou Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Yiju Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Yonggang Yao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Kun Kelvin Fu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- University of Maryland Energy Research Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Glenn Pastel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Chuan-Fu Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Yifei Mo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- University of Maryland Energy Research Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Eric D Wachsman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- University of Maryland Energy Research Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Liangbing Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- University of Maryland Energy Research Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
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22
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Wu JF, Chen EY, Yu Y, Liu L, Wu Y, Pang WK, Peterson VK, Guo X. Gallium-Doped Li 7La 3Zr 2O 12 Garnet-Type Electrolytes with High Lithium-Ion Conductivity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:1542-1552. [PMID: 28004907 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b13902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their high conductivity, crystalline Li7-3xGaxLa3Zr2O12 garnets are promising electrolytes for all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries. Herein, the influence of Ga doping on the phase, lithium-ion distribution, and conductivity of Li7-3xGaxLa3Zr2O12 garnets is investigated, with the determined concentration and mobility of lithium ions shedding light on the origin of the high conductivity of Li7-3xGaxLa3Zr2O12. When the Ga concentration exceeds 0.20 Ga per formula unit, the garnet-type material is found to assume a cubic structure, but lower Ga concentrations result in the coexistence of cubic and tetragonal phases. Most lithium within Li7-3xGaxLa3Zr2O12 is found to reside at the octahedral 96h site, away from the central octahedral 48g site, while the remaining lithium resides at the tetrahedral 24d site. Such kind of lithium distribution leads to high lithium-ion mobility, which is the origin of the high conductivity; the highest lithium-ion conductivity of 1.46 mS/cm at 25 °C is found to be achieved for Li7-3xGaxLa3Zr2O12 at x = 0.25. Additionally, there are two lithium-ion migration pathways in the Li7-3xGaxLa3Zr2O12 garnets: 96h-96h and 24d-96h-24d, but the lithium ions transporting through the 96h-96h pathway determine the overall conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Fang Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - En-Yi Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yao Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Lin Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yue Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3255, United States
| | - Wei Kong Pang
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation , Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, New South Wales 2232, Australia
- Institute for Superconducting & Electronic Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Wollongong , Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Vanessa K Peterson
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation , Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, New South Wales 2232, Australia
- Institute for Superconducting & Electronic Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Wollongong , Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Xin Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
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23
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Abdel Basset DM, Mulmi S, El-Bana MS, Fouad SS, Thangadurai V. Synthesis and characterization of novel Li-stuffed garnet-like Li5+2xLa3Ta2−xGdxO12 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.55): structure–property relationships. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:933-946. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt04021g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we report the preparation and characterization of novel Li-stuffed garnets Li5+2xLa3Ta2−xGdxO12 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.55) for all-solid-state Li ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia M. Abdel Basset
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Calgary
- Calgary
- Canada T2N 1N4
- Nano-Science & Semiconductor Laboratories
| | - Suresh Mulmi
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Calgary
- Calgary
- Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Mohammed S. El-Bana
- Nano-Science & Semiconductor Laboratories
- Department of Physics
- Faculty of Education
- Ain Shams University
- Cairo
| | - Suzan S. Fouad
- Nano-Science & Semiconductor Laboratories
- Department of Physics
- Faculty of Education
- Ain Shams University
- Cairo
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24
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Tsai CL, Roddatis V, Chandran CV, Ma Q, Uhlenbruck S, Bram M, Heitjans P, Guillon O. Li7La3Zr2O12 Interface Modification for Li Dendrite Prevention. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:10617-26. [PMID: 27029789 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b00831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Al-contaminated Ta-substituted Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZ:Ta), synthesized via solid-state reaction, and Al-free Ta-substituted Li7La3Zr2O12, fabricated by hot-press sintering (HP-LLZ:Ta), have relative densities of 92.7% and 99.0%, respectively. Impedance spectra show the total conductivity of LLZ:Ta to be 0.71 mS cm(-1) at 30 °C and that of HP-LLZ:Ta to be 1.18 mS cm(-1). The lower total conductivity for LLZ:Ta than HP-LLZ:Ta was attributed to the higher grain boundary resistance and lower relative density of LLZ:Ta, as confirmed by their microstructures. Constant direct current measurements of HP-LLZ:Ta with a current density of 0.5 mA cm(-2) suggest that the short circuit formation was neither due to the low relative density of the samples nor the reduction of Li-Al glassy phase at grain boundaries. TEM, EELS, and MAS NMR were used to prove that the short circuit was from Li dendrite formation inside HP-LLZ:Ta, which took place along the grain boundaries. The Li dendrite formation was found to be mostly due to the inhomogeneous contact between LLZ solid electrolyte and Li electrodes. By flatting the surface of the LLZ:Ta pellets and using thin layers of Au buffer to improve the contact between LLZ:Ta and Li electrodes, the interface resistance could be dramatically reduced, which results in short-circuit-free cells when running a current density of 0.5 mA cm(-2) through the pellets. Temperature-dependent stepped current density galvanostatic cyclings were also carried out to determine the critical current densities for the short circuit formation. The short circuit that still occurred at higher current density is due to the inhomogeneous dissolution and deposition of metallic Li at the interfaces of Li electrodes and LLZ solid electrolyte when cycling the cell at large current densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Long Tsai
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Materials Synthesis and Processing (IEK-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance: JARA-Energy
| | - Vladimir Roddatis
- Institute of Materials Physics, University of Göttingen , Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - C Vinod Chandran
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz University Hannover , Callinstrasse 3-3a, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Qianli Ma
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Materials Synthesis and Processing (IEK-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance: JARA-Energy
| | - Sven Uhlenbruck
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Materials Synthesis and Processing (IEK-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance: JARA-Energy
| | - Martin Bram
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Materials Synthesis and Processing (IEK-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance: JARA-Energy
| | - Paul Heitjans
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz University Hannover , Callinstrasse 3-3a, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Olivier Guillon
- Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Materials Synthesis and Processing (IEK-1), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance: JARA-Energy
- Institute of Mineral Engineering, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Mauerstrasse 5, 52064 Aachen, Germany
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25
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Xia W, Xu B, Duan H, Guo Y, Kang H, Li H, Liu H. Ionic Conductivity and Air Stability of Al-Doped Li₇La₃Zr₂O₁₂ Sintered in Alumina and Pt Crucibles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:5335-5342. [PMID: 26859158 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b12186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) is a promising electrolyte material for all-solid-state battery due to its high ionic conductivity and good stability with metallic lithium. In this article, we studied the effect of crucibles on the ionic conductivity and air stability by synthesizing 0.25Al doped LLZO pellets in Pt crucibles and alumina crucibles, respectively. The results show that the composition and microstructure of the pellets play important roles influencing the ionic conductivity, relative density, and air stability. Specifically, the 0.25Al-LLZO pellets sintered in Pt crucibles exhibit a high relative density (∼96%) and high ionic conductivity (4.48 × 10(-4) S cm(-1)). The ionic conductivity maintains 3.6 × 10(-4) S cm(-1) after 3-month air exposure. In contrast, the ionic conductivity of the pellets from alumina crucibles is about 1.81 × 10(-4) S cm(-1) and drops to 2.39 × 10(-5) S cm(-1) 3 months later. The large grains and the reduced grain boundaries in the pellets sintered in Pt crucibles are favorable to obtain high ionic conductivity and good air stability. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy results suggest that the formation of Li2CO3 on the pellet surface is probably another main reason, which is also closely related to the relative density and the amount of grain boundary within the pellets. This work stresses the importance of synthesis parameters, crucibles included, to obtain the LLZO electrolyte with high ionic conductivity and good air stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Biyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Huanan Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Yiping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Hongmei Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Hua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Hezhou Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
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