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Abstract
Heteroatom-centered diradical(oid)s have been in the focus of molecular main group chemistry for nearly 30 years. During this time, the diradical concept has evolved and the focus has shifted to the rational design of diradical(oid)s for specific applications. This review article begins with some important theoretical considerations of the diradical and tetraradical concept. Based on these theoretical considerations, the design of diradical(oid)s in terms of ligand choice, steric, symmetry, electronic situation, element choice, and reactivity is highlighted with examples. In particular, heteroatom-centered diradical reactions are discussed and compared with closed-shell reactions such as pericyclic additions. The comparison between closed-shell reactivity, which proceeds in a concerted manner, and open-shell reactivity, which proceeds in a stepwise fashion, along with considerations of diradical(oid) design, provides a rational understanding of this interesting and unusual class of compounds. The application of diradical(oid)s, for example in small molecule activation or as molecular switches, is also highlighted. The final part of this review begins with application-related details of the spectroscopy of diradical(oid)s, followed by an update of the heteroatom-centered diradical(oid)s and tetraradical(oid)s published in the last 10 years since 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hinz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie (AOC), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Engesserstrasse 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jonas Bresien
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Frank Breher
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie (AOC), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Engesserstrasse 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Axel Schulz
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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2
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Ito S. Muon Spin Rotation/Resonance (μSR) for Studying Radical Reactivity of Unsaturated Organophosphorus Compounds. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200843. [PMID: 35702738 PMCID: PMC9796767 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The positive muon (μ+ ) can be regarded as a light isotope of proton and has been an important tool to study radical reactions of organic compounds. Recently, muons have been applied to produce short-lived paramagnetic species from the heavier unsaturated organic molecules including the p-block elements. This article overviews recent muon spin rotation/resonance (μSR) studies on the phosphorus analogs of alkenes, anthracenes, and cyclobutane-1,3-diyls together with the fundamentals of μSR. The acyclic phosphaalkene of P=C and phosphasilenes of P=Si can accept muonium (Mu=[μ+ e- ]) at the heavier double bonds, and the corresponding radicals have been characterized. The phosphorus atom in 9-phosphaanthracene, whose P=C double bond is stabilized by the peri-substituted CF3 groups, predominantly captures muonium to provide the corresponding paramagnetic fused heterocyclic system. The peri-trifluoromethyl groups are functional to promote the unprecedented light isotope effect of muon providing the planar three-cyclic molecular structure to consume the increased zero-point energy. The formally open-shell singlet 1,3-diphosphacyclobutane-2,4-diyl unit can accept muonium at the (ylidic) phosphorus or the skeletal radicalic carbon, and the corresponding paramagnetic phosphorus heterocycles can be characterized by μSR. The findings on these muoniation processes to the unsaturated phosphorus-containing compounds will contribute not only to development of novel paramagnetic functional species but also to progress on muon science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigekazu Ito
- Department of Applied ChemistrySchool of Materials and Chemical TechnologyTokyo Institute of Technology2-12-1-H113 Ookayama, Meguro-kuTokyo152-8552Japan
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3
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Zur J, Schmidt M, Feichtner K, Duari P, Löffler J, Scherpf T, Gessner VH. From Stable PH-Ylides to α-Carbanionic Phosphines as Ligands for Zwitterionic Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203950. [PMID: 35644923 PMCID: PMC9401067 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Although ylides are commonly used reagents in organic synthesis, the parent methylphosphine MePH2 only exists in its phosphine form in the condensed phase. Its ylide tautomer H3 P+ -CH2 - is considerably higher in energy. Here, we report on the formation of bis(sulfonyl)methyl-substituted phosphines of the type (RO2 S)2 C(H)-PR2, which form stable PH ylides under ambient conditions, amongst the first examples of an acyclic phosphine which only exists in its PH ylide form. Depending on the exact substitution pattern the phosphines form an equilibrium between the PH ylide and the phosphine form or exist as one of both extremes. These phosphines were found to be ideal starting systems for the facile formation of α-carbanionic phosphines. The carbanion-functionalization leads to a switch from electron-poor to highly electron-rich phosphines with strong donor abilities and high basicities. Thus, the phosphines readily react with different electrophiles exclusively at the phosphorus atom and not at the carbanionic center. Furthermore, the anionic nature of the phosphines allows the formation of zwitterionic complexes as demonstrated by the isolation of a gold(I) complex with a cationic metal center. The cationic gold center allows for catalytic activity in the hydroamination of alkyne without requiring a further activation step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana‐Alina Zur
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry IIFaculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstrasse 15044780BochumGermany
| | - Michelle Schmidt
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry IIFaculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstrasse 15044780BochumGermany
| | - Kai‐Stephan Feichtner
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry IIFaculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstrasse 15044780BochumGermany
| | - Prakash Duari
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry IIFaculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstrasse 15044780BochumGermany
| | - Julian Löffler
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry IIFaculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstrasse 15044780BochumGermany
| | - Thorsten Scherpf
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry IIFaculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstrasse 15044780BochumGermany
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry IIFaculty of Chemistry and BiochemistryRuhr-University BochumUniversitätsstrasse 15044780BochumGermany
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4
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Zur J, Schmidt M, Feichtner K, Duari P, Löffler J, Scherpf T, Gessner VH. From Stable PH‐Ylides to α‐Carbanionic Phosphines as Ligands for Zwitterionic Catalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jana‐Alina Zur
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr-University Bochum Universitätsstrasse 150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Michelle Schmidt
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr-University Bochum Universitätsstrasse 150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Kai‐Stephan Feichtner
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr-University Bochum Universitätsstrasse 150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Prakash Duari
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr-University Bochum Universitätsstrasse 150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Julian Löffler
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr-University Bochum Universitätsstrasse 150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Thorsten Scherpf
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr-University Bochum Universitätsstrasse 150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Viktoria H. Gessner
- Chair of Inorganic Chemistry II Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ruhr-University Bochum Universitätsstrasse 150 44780 Bochum Germany
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5
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Chemistry of Several Sterically Bulky Molecules with P=P, P=C, and C≡P Bond. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27051557. [PMID: 35268657 PMCID: PMC8911619 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Several sterically protected, low-coordinate organophosphorus compounds with P=P, P=C, and C≡P bond are described in this study. Molecules such as diphosphenes, phosphaalkenes, 1-phosphaallenes, 1,3-diphosphaallenes, 3,4-diphosphinidenecyclobutenes, and phosphaalkynes are stabilized with an extremely bulky 2,4,6-tri-t-butylphenyl (Mes*) group. The synthesis, structures, physical, and chemical properties of these molecules are discussed, together with some successful applications in catalytic organic reactions.
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6
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Materials Design, Sensing Performance and Mechanism of Anhydrous Hydrogen Fluoride Gas Sensor Based on Amino-Functionalized MIL-101(Cr) for New Energy Vehicles. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12020260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To guarantee the security of new energy vehicles (NEV), which include energy storage devices such as batteries, a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) sensor was designed to detect online the HF gas produced from the leakage of electrolyte in the power system. Based on the chemical properties of HF gas, an amino-functionalized metal–organic framework NH2-MIL-101 (Cr) was synthesized as a sensing material of a QCM transducer to detect HF gas for NEV safeguard. The sensing materials are designed based on the hydrogen bond interaction between the amino group and HF molecular and were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), etc. The performance of this sensor showed high sensitivity, with a limit of detection at 500 ppb, short response/recovery time and good reproducibility for anhydrous hydrogen fluoride (AHF) detection. Additionally, the sensing mechanism of NH2-MIL-101(Cr) QCM resonator to AHF is revealed to be reversible chemical adsorption by Gaussian 09. It is well-matched with a result of experimental determination through temperature-varying microgravimetric experiments. Therefore, the amino-functionalized MIL-101(Cr) QCM resonator may be a good candidate for an NEV safety monitor due to its rapid response to HF leaked from the decomposition of the electrolyte.
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7
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Ueta Y, Ito S. Scalable Orbital Tuning of the 1,3-Diphosphacyclobutane-2,4-diyl Unit of Singlet Biradicaloid. J Org Chem 2020; 85:14384-14390. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Ueta
- School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Shigekazu Ito
- School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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8
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Ito S. Investigation of Organic Molecules Using Elementary Subatomic Particle: Muon Spin Spectroscopy for Reaction Analysis of the Open-Shell Singlet Heterocycle. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2019. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.77.800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shigekazu Ito
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology
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9
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Ito S, Ueta Y, Koshino K, Kojima KM, McKenzie I, Mikami K. Observation of a Metastable P-Heterocyclic Radical by Muonium Addition to a 1,3-Diphosphacyclobutane-2,4-diyl. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:8608-8613. [PMID: 29790272 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201804306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A 1,3-diphosphacyclobutane-2,4-diyl contains a unique unsaturated cyclic unit, and the presence of radical-type centers have been expected as a source of functionality. This study demonstrates that the P-heterocyclic singlet biradical captures muonium (Mu=[μ+ e- ]), the light isotope of a hydrogen radical, to generate an observable P-heterocyclic paramagnetic species. Investigation of a powder sample of 2,4-bis(2,4,6-tri-t-butylphenyl)-1-t-butyl-3-benzyl-1,3-diphosphacyclobutane-2,4-diyl using muon (avoided) level-crossing resonance (μLCR) spectroscopy revealed that muonium adds to the cyclic P2 C2 unit. The muon hyperfine coupling constant (Aμ ) indicated that the phosphorus atom bearing the t-butyl group trapped muonium to provide a metastable P-heterocyclic radical involving the ylidic MuP(<)=C moiety. The observed regioselective muonium addition correlates the canonical formula of 1,3-diphosphacyclobutane-2,4-diyl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigekazu Ito
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-H113 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ueta
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-H113 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| | - Kota Koshino
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-H113 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| | - Kenji M Kojima
- Muon Science Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK-IMSS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0801, Japan
| | - Iain McKenzie
- Centre for Molecular and Materials Science, TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Koichi Mikami
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-H113 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
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10
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Ito S, Ueta Y, Koshino K, Kojima KM, McKenzie I, Mikami K. Observation of a Metastable P‐Heterocyclic Radical by Muonium Addition to a 1,3‐Diphosphacyclobutane‐2,4‐diyl. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201804306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shigekazu Ito
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1-H113 Ookayama Meguro Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ueta
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1-H113 Ookayama Meguro Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
| | - Kota Koshino
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1-H113 Ookayama Meguro Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
| | - Kenji M. Kojima
- Muon Science Laboratory High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK-IMSS) Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan
| | - Iain McKenzie
- Centre for Molecular and Materials Science, TRIUMF 4004 Wesbrook Mall Vancouver BC V6T 2A3 Canada
| | - Koichi Mikami
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1-H113 Ookayama Meguro Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
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11
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Deka B, Sarma RJ. Cooperative Binding of Fluoride Anions to a Flexible Cystine‐Based Receptor Containing Two 3,5‐Dinitrobenzamide Motifs. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201800956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barnali Deka
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Gauhati, Guwahati 781014 Assam India
| | - Rupam J Sarma
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Gauhati, Guwahati 781014 Assam India
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12
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Ito S. Topics of 1,3-diphosphacyclobutane-2,4-diyl derivatives: Structural aspects and functionality of isolable heavier congeners of cyclobutane-1,3-diyl and the related molecules. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Ito S. Study of the Air-Tolerant 1,3-Diphosphacyclobutane-2,4-diyl through the Direct Arylation. CHEM REC 2017; 18:445-458. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201700052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shigekazu Ito
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Material and Chemical Technology; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
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14
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Ito S, Ueta Y, Ngo TTT, Koshino K, Mikami K. Air‐Tolerant 1‐Amino‐1,3‐diphosphacyclobutane‐2,4‐diyls Featuring Strong Electron‐Donating Properties and Small HOMO–LUMO Gaps. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shigekazu Ito
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 2‐12‐1‐H113 Ookayama, Meguro 152‐8552 Tokyo Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ueta
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 2‐12‐1‐H113 Ookayama, Meguro 152‐8552 Tokyo Japan
| | - Trang Thi Thu Ngo
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 2‐12‐1‐H113 Ookayama, Meguro 152‐8552 Tokyo Japan
| | - Kota Koshino
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 2‐12‐1‐H113 Ookayama, Meguro 152‐8552 Tokyo Japan
| | - Koichi Mikami
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 2‐12‐1‐H113 Ookayama, Meguro 152‐8552 Tokyo Japan
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15
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Ito S, Kato N, Mikami K. 2,3‐Dihydro‐1
H
‐naphtho[1,8‐
cd
]borinine as a Potent Precursor for Open‐Shell Singlet B‐Heterocycles. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shigekazu Ito
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 2‐12‐1‐H113 Ookayama, Meguro 152‐8552 Tokyo Japan
| | - Naoto Kato
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 2‐12‐1‐H113 Ookayama, Meguro 152‐8552 Tokyo Japan
| | - Koichi Mikami
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering School of Materials and Chemical Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology 2‐12‐1‐H113 Ookayama, Meguro 152‐8552 Tokyo Japan
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16
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Ito S, Torihata Y, Mikami K. Exploration of 1-Arylmethyl-1,3-diphosphacyclobutane-2,4-diyls as Hole Transfer Materials. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shigekazu Ito
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering; School of Materials and Chemical Technology; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
| | - Yushi Torihata
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering; School of Materials and Chemical Technology; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
| | - Koichi Mikami
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering; School of Materials and Chemical Technology; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
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17
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Serin SC, Pick FS, Dake GR, Gates DP. Copper(I) Complexes of Pyridine-Bridged Phosphaalkene-Oxazoline Pincer Ligands. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:6670-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b00917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Spencer C. Serin
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036
Main Mall, Vancouver, British
Columbia, Canada
| | - Fraser S. Pick
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036
Main Mall, Vancouver, British
Columbia, Canada
| | - Gregory R. Dake
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036
Main Mall, Vancouver, British
Columbia, Canada
| | - Derek P. Gates
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036
Main Mall, Vancouver, British
Columbia, Canada
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Ueta Y, Mikami K, Ito S. Access to Air-Stable 1,3-Diphosphacyclobutane-2,4-diyls by an Arylation Reaction with Arynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:7525-9. [PMID: 27135439 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201601907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Tuning of the physicochemical properties of the 1,3-diphosphacyclobutane-2,4-diyl unit is attractive in view of materials applications. The use of arynes is shown to be effective for installing relatively electron rich aryl substituents into the open-shell singlet P-heterocyclic system. Treatment of the sterically encumbered 1,3-diphosphacyclobuten-4-yl anion with ortho-silylated aryl triflates in the presence of fluoride under appropriate conditions afforded the corresponding 1-aryl 1,3-diphosphacyclobutane-2,4-diyls. The air-stable open-shell singlet P-heterocycles exhibit considerable electron-donating character, and the aromatic substituent influences the open-shell character, which is thought to be related to the property of p-type semiconductivity. The P-arylated 1,3-diphosphacyclobutane-2,4-diyl systems can be further utilized as detectors of hydrogen fluoride (HF), which causes a remarkable change in their photoabsorption properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Ueta
- School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| | - Koichi Mikami
- School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| | - Shigekazu Ito
- School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan.
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19
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Ueta Y, Mikami K, Ito S. Access to Air-Stable 1,3-Diphosphacyclobutane-2,4-diyls by an Arylation Reaction with Arynes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201601907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Ueta
- School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Department of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 2-12-1 Ookayama Meguro Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
| | - Koichi Mikami
- School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Department of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 2-12-1 Ookayama Meguro Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
| | - Shigekazu Ito
- School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Department of Chemical Science and Engineering; Tokyo Institute of Technology; 2-12-1 Ookayama Meguro Tokyo 152-8552 Japan
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