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Khurshid A, Tanveer T, Hafeez K, Ahmed M, Akhtar Z, Zafar MN. Palladium-anchored donor-flexible pyridylidene amide (PYA) electrocatalysts for CO 2 reduction. RSC Adv 2023; 13:34817-34825. [PMID: 38035229 PMCID: PMC10686039 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06477h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The conversion of CO2 into CO as a substitute for processing fossil fuels to produce hydrocarbons is a sustainable, carbon neutral energy technology. However, the electrochemical reduction of CO2 into a synthesis gas (CO and H2) at a commercial scale requires an efficient electrocatalyst. In this perspective, a series of six new palladium complexes with the general formula [Pd(L)(Y)]Y, where L is a donor-flexible PYA, N2,N6-bis(1-ethylpyridin-4(1H)-ylidene)pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide, N2,N6-bis(1-butylpyridin-4(1H)-ylidene)pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide, or N2,N6-bis(1-benzylpyridin-4(1H)-ylidene)pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide, and Y = OAc or Cl-, were utilized as active electrocatalysts for the conversion of CO2 into a synthesis gas. These palladium(ii) pincer complexes were synthesized from their respective H-PYA proligands using 1,8-diazobicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) or sodium acetate as a base. All the compounds were successfully characterized by various physical methods of analysis, such as proton and carbon NMR, FTIR, CHN, and single-crystal XRD. The redox chemistry of palladium complexes toward carbon dioxide activation suggested an evident CO2 interaction with each Pd(ii) catalyst. [Pd(N2,N6-bis(1-ethylpyridin-4(1H)-ylidene)pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide)(Cl)]Cl showed the best electrocatalytic activity for CO2 reduction into a synthesis gas under the acidic condition of trifluoracetic acid (TFA) with a minimum overpotential of 0.40 V, a maximum turnover frequency (TOF) of 101 s-1, and 58% FE of CO. This pincer scaffold could be stereochemically tuned with the exploration of earth abundant first row transition metals for further improvements in the CO2 reduction chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshan Khurshid
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan
| | - Tania Tanveer
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan
| | - Komal Hafeez
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan
| | - Maqsood Ahmed
- Materials Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur 63100 Pakistan
| | - Zareen Akhtar
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan
| | - M Naveed Zafar
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan
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2
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Chakrabarti S, Woods TJ, Mirica LM. Insights into the Mechanism of CO 2 Electroreduction by Molecular Palladium-Pyridinophane Complexes. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:16801-16809. [PMID: 37787756 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis, characterization, and electrocatalytic CO2 reduction activity of a series of Pd(II) complexes supported by tetradentate pyridinophane ligands. In particular, we focus on the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction activity of a Pd(II) complex supported by the mixed hard--soft donor ligand 2,11-dithia[3.3](2,6)pyridinophane (N2S2). We also provide spectroscopic evidence of a CO-induced decomposition pathway for the same catalyst, which provides insights into catalyst poisoning for molecular Pd CO2 reduction electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagnik Chakrabarti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Toby J Woods
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Liviu M Mirica
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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3
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Lodh J, Paul S, Sun H, Song L, Schöfberger W, Roy S. Electrochemical organic reactions: A tutorial review. Front Chem 2023; 10:956502. [PMID: 36704620 PMCID: PMC9871948 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.956502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the core of electrochemistry involves simple oxidation and reduction reactions, it can be complicated in real electrochemical organic reactions. The principles used in electrochemical reactions have been derived using physical organic chemistry, which drives other organic/inorganic reactions. This review mainly comprises two themes: the first discusses the factors that help optimize an electrochemical reaction, including electrodes, supporting electrolytes, and electrochemical cell design, and the second outlines studies conducted in the field over a period of 10 years. Electrochemical reactions can be used as a versatile tool for synthetically important reactions by modifying the constant electrolysis current.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyeeta Lodh
- Eco-Friendly Applied Materials Laboratory (EFAML), Materials Science Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, Mohanpur Campus, Indian Institute of Science, Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Shounik Paul
- Eco-Friendly Applied Materials Laboratory (EFAML), Materials Science Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, Mohanpur Campus, Indian Institute of Science, Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - He Sun
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Laboratory for Sustainable Chemistry and Catalysis (LSusCat), Johannes Kepler University (JKU), Linz, Austria
| | - Luyang Song
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Laboratory for Sustainable Chemistry and Catalysis (LSusCat), Johannes Kepler University (JKU), Linz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Schöfberger
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Laboratory for Sustainable Chemistry and Catalysis (LSusCat), Johannes Kepler University (JKU), Linz, Austria,*Correspondence: Wolfgang Schöfberger, ; Soumyajit Roy,
| | - Soumyajit Roy
- Eco-Friendly Applied Materials Laboratory (EFAML), Materials Science Centre, Department of Chemical Sciences, Mohanpur Campus, Indian Institute of Science, Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India,*Correspondence: Wolfgang Schöfberger, ; Soumyajit Roy,
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Hermosilla P, García-Orduña P, Lahoz FJ, Polo V, Casado MA. Rh Complexes with Pincer Carbene CNC Lutidine-Based Ligands: Reactivity Studies toward H 2 Addition. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Hermosilla
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Departamento de Química Inorgánica, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, c/Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar García-Orduña
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Departamento de Química Inorgánica, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, c/Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Fernando J. Lahoz
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Departamento de Química Inorgánica, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, c/Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Víctor Polo
- Departamento de Química Física and Instituto de Biocomputación y Física de los Sistemas Complejos (BIFI), Universidad de Zaragoza, c/Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Casado
- Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), Departamento de Química Inorgánica, CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, c/Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain
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5
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A nanoscale Nd-based metal-organic framework electrochemical sensor for rapid detection of Rhodamine B. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2021.122508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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6
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Huang C, Liu J, Huang HH, Ke Z. Recent progress in electro- and photo-catalytic CO2 reduction using N-heterocyclic carbene transition metal complexes. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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7
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Barlow JM, Ziller JW, Yang JY. Inhibiting the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) with Proximal Cations: A Strategy for Promoting Selective Electrocatalytic Reduction. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M. Barlow
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Joseph W. Ziller
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Jenny Y. Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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Kinzel NW, Werlé C, Leitner W. Transition Metal Complexes as Catalysts for the Electroconversion of CO 2 : An Organometallic Perspective. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:11628-11686. [PMID: 33464678 PMCID: PMC8248444 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The electrocatalytic transformation of carbon dioxide has been a topic of interest in the field of CO2 utilization for a long time. Recently, the area has seen increasing dynamics as an alternative strategy to catalytic hydrogenation for CO2 reduction. While many studies focus on the direct electron transfer to the CO2 molecule at the electrode material, molecular transition metal complexes in solution offer the possibility to act as catalysts for the electron transfer. C1 compounds such as carbon monoxide, formate, and methanol are often targeted as the main products, but more elaborate transformations are also possible within the coordination sphere of the metal center. This perspective article will cover selected examples to illustrate and categorize the currently favored mechanisms for the electrochemically induced transformation of CO2 promoted by homogeneous transition metal complexes. The insights will be corroborated with the concepts and elementary steps of organometallic catalysis to derive potential strategies to broaden the molecular diversity of possible products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas W. Kinzel
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy ConversionStiftstr. 34–3645470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie (ITMC)RWTH Aachen UniversityWorringer Weg 252074AachenGermany
| | - Christophe Werlé
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy ConversionStiftstr. 34–3645470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
- Ruhr University BochumUniversitätsstr. 15044801BochumGermany
| | - Walter Leitner
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy ConversionStiftstr. 34–3645470Mülheim an der RuhrGermany
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie (ITMC)RWTH Aachen UniversityWorringer Weg 252074AachenGermany
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9
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Idrees MZ, Ilahi I, Ali MZ, Muhammad Z. Efficient palladium (II) electrocatalysts with thiophene anchored pyridinium amidates for CO2 reduction. J CO2 UTIL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2020.101384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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10
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Kinzel NW, Werlé C, Leitner W. Übergangsmetallkomplexe als Katalysatoren für die elektrische Umwandlung von CO
2
– eine metallorganische Perspektive. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Niklas W. Kinzel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion Stiftstraße 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Deutschland
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie (ITMC) RWTH Aachen University Worringer Weg 2 52074 Aachen Deutschland
| | - Christophe Werlé
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion Stiftstraße 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Deutschland
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Deutschland
| | - Walter Leitner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion Stiftstraße 34–36 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Deutschland
- Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie (ITMC) RWTH Aachen University Worringer Weg 2 52074 Aachen Deutschland
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11
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Abstract
The decrease of total amount of atmospheric CO2 is an important societal challenge in which CO2 reduction has an important role to play. Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction with homogeneous catalysts is based on highly tunable catalyst design and exploits an abundant C1 source to make valuable products such as fuels and fuel precursors. These methods can also take advantage of renewable electricity as a green reductant. Mn-based catalysts offer these benefits while incorporating a relatively cheap and abundant first-row transition metal. Historically, interest in this field started with Mn(bpy-R)(CO)3X, whose performance matched that of its Re counterparts while achieving substantially lower overpotentials. This review examines an emerging class of homogeneous Mn-based electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction, Mn complexes with meridional tridentate coordination also known as Mn pincers, most of which contain redox-active ligands that enable multi-electron catalysis. Although there are relatively few examples in the literature thus far, these catalysts bring forth new catalytic mechanisms not observed for the well-established Mn(bpy-R)(CO)3X catalysts, and show promising reactivity for future studies.
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12
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13
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Yang Y, Zhang Z, Chang X, Zhang YQ, Liao RZ, Duan L. Highly Active Manganese-Based CO 2 Reduction Catalysts with Bulky NHC Ligands: A Mechanistic Study. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:10234-10242. [PMID: 32585094 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Because of the strong σ-donor and weak π-acceptor of the N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC), Mn-NHC complexes were found to be active for the reduction of CO2 to CO with high activity. However, some NHC-based manganese complexes showed low catalytic activity and required very negative potentials. We report herein that complex fac-[MnI(bis-MesNHC)(CO)3Br] [1; bis-MesNHC = 3,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-(1,1'-diimidazolin-2,2'-diylidene)methane] could catalyze the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to CO with high activity (TOFmax = 3180 ± 6 s-1) at a less negative potential. Due to the introduction of the bulky Mes groups, a one-electron-reduced intermediate {[Mn0(bis-MesNHC)(CO)3]0 (2•)} was isolated as a packed "dimer" and crystallographically characterized. Stopped-flow Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was used to prove the direct reaction between doubly reduced intermediate fac-[Mn(bis-MesNHC)(CO)3]- and CO2; the tetracarbonyl Mn complex [Mn+(bis-MesNHC)(CO)4]+ ([2-CO]+) was captured, and its further reduction proposed as the rate-limiting step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyong Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Qiong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Rong-Zhen Liao
- Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, P. R. China
| | - Lele Duan
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.,Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Materials for Electric Power, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China
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14
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Recent progress in silver(I)-, gold(I)/(III)- and palladium(II)-N-heterocyclic carbene complexes: A review towards biological perspectives. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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15
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Tabasi Z, Younes EA, Walsh JC, Thompson DW, Bodwell GJ, Zhao Y. Pyrenoimidazolyl-Benzaldehyde Fluorophores: Synthesis, Properties, and Sensing Function for Fluoride Anions. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:16387-16397. [PMID: 31458274 PMCID: PMC6644017 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Two structural isomers of (9H-pyreno[4,5-d]imidazol-10-yl)-benzaldehyde, with para and meta substitution patterns, were synthesized by condensation of 4,5-pyrenedione with terephthalaldehyde and isophthalaldehyde, respectively. These new pyrenoimidazole derivatives were characterized by single-crystal X-ray crystallography, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry to elucidate their structural, solid-state packing, and electronic properties. Interactions of these compounds with fluoride anions in polar organic solvents (acetone and dimethyl sulfoxide) were investigated by NMR, UV-vis, and fluorescence techniques in conjunction with density functional theory calculations. UV-vis analysis showed that the binding of the two pyrenoimidazolyl benzaldehydes with fluoride anions resulted in significant colorimetric responses, while fluorescence studies showed that the para-pyrenoimidazolyl benzaldehyde behaved as an intramolecular charge transfer fluorescent probe, exhibiting ratiometric sensing performance to efficiently detect and quantify fluoride anions at the sub-millimolar level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra
A. Tabasi
- Department
of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland
and Labrador A1B 3X7, Canada
| | - Eyad A. Younes
- Department
of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland
and Labrador A1B 3X7, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 150459, Zarqa 13115, Jordan
| | - Joshua C. Walsh
- Department
of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland
and Labrador A1B 3X7, Canada
| | - David W. Thompson
- Department
of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland
and Labrador A1B 3X7, Canada
| | - Graham J. Bodwell
- Department
of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland
and Labrador A1B 3X7, Canada
| | - Yuming Zhao
- Department
of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland
and Labrador A1B 3X7, Canada
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DeLuca EE, Xu Z, Lam J, Wolf MO. Improved Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction with Palladium bis(NHC) Pincer Complexes Bearing Cationic Side Chains. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emile E. DeLuca
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Zhen Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Jasper Lam
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Michael O. Wolf
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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Ahsan HM, Breedlove BK, Piangrawee S, Mian MR, Fetoh A, Cosquer G, Yamashita M. Enhancement of electrocatalytic abilities for reducing carbon dioxide: functionalization with a redox-active ligand-coordinated metal complex. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:11313-11316. [PMID: 30058663 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02288g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A binary system consisting of a ditopic planar pseudo-pincer ligand (qlca = quinoline-2-carbaldehyde (pyridine-2-carbonyl) hydrazone) coordinated to two metal centres affording [{Ru(bpy)2}(μ-qlca)NiCl2]Cl·4H2O·CH3OH (2) (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) is reported. The Ni2+ moiety acts as the electrocatalytic active site for CO2 reduction to CO. The turnover frequency (TOF) increased from 0.83 s-1 for [Ni(qlca)Cl2] (3) to 120 s-1 for 2, and the overpotential is 350 mV less than that for 3 due to the electronic influence of the {Ru(bpy)2}2+ moiety on the catalytic active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Md Ahsan
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aza-Aoba, Aramaki, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
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18
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Liu JQ, Gou XX, Han YF. Chelating Bis(N-Heterocyclic Carbene) Palladium-Catalyzed Reactions. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:2257-2276. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201800583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Quan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Northwest University; Xi'an 710127 P.R. China
| | - Xing-Xing Gou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Northwest University; Xi'an 710127 P.R. China
| | - Ying-Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry; College of Chemistry and Materials Science; Northwest University; Xi'an 710127 P.R. China
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19
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Cao Z, Derrick JS, Xu J, Gao R, Gong M, Nichols EM, Smith PT, Liu X, Wen X, Copéret C, Chang CJ. Chelating N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands Enable Tuning of Electrocatalytic CO
2
Reduction to Formate and Carbon Monoxide: Surface Organometallic Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:4981-4985. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201800367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Cao
- Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Jeffrey S. Derrick
- Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zürich Vladimir Prelog Weg 1–5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Rui Gao
- Institute of Coal Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Taiyuan Shanxi 030001 China
- Synfuels China Beijing 100195 China
| | - Ming Gong
- Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Eva M. Nichols
- Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Peter T. Smith
- Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Xingwu Liu
- Institute of Coal Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Taiyuan Shanxi 030001 China
- Synfuels China Beijing 100195 China
| | - Xiaodong Wen
- Institute of Coal Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Taiyuan Shanxi 030001 China
- Synfuels China Beijing 100195 China
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zürich Vladimir Prelog Weg 1–5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Christopher J. Chang
- Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology Howard Hughes Medical Institute University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
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20
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Therrien JA, Wolf MO, Patrick BO. Synthesis and comparison of nickel, palladium, and platinum bis(N-heterocyclic carbene) pincer complexes for electrocatalytic CO 2 reduction. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:1827-1840. [PMID: 29302661 DOI: 10.1039/c7dt04089j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A valence isoelectronic and isostructural series of charged bis(N-heterocyclic carbene) pincer complexes [M(bC^N^bC)X]OTf and [M(bC^N^bC)CH3CN](OTf)2 (where M = Ni, Pd, and Pt, bC^N^bC = 1,1'-(pyridine-2,6-diylbis(methylene))bis(3-butylbenzo[d]imidazol-2-ylidene)) were synthesized, characterized, modelled by density functional theory calculations, and compared for their electrochemical properties and reactivity with CO2. Although the electrochemical response of each complex is altered by the presence of CO2, controlled potential electrolysis experiments demonstrated the superior ability of [Pd] to reduce CO2 to CO in faradaic efficiencies up to 58% in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid, compared to [Pt] and [Ni] which showed only marginal production of CO, giving the trend [Pd] ≫ [Pt] > [Ni] for this series.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Therrien
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1 Canada.
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21
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Cao Z, Derrick JS, Xu J, Gao R, Gong M, Nichols EM, Smith PT, Liu X, Wen X, Copéret C, Chang CJ. Chelating N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands Enable Tuning of Electrocatalytic CO
2
Reduction to Formate and Carbon Monoxide: Surface Organometallic Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201800367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Cao
- Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Jeffrey S. Derrick
- Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zürich Vladimir Prelog Weg 1–5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Rui Gao
- Institute of Coal Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Taiyuan Shanxi 030001 China
- Synfuels China Beijing 100195 China
| | - Ming Gong
- Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Eva M. Nichols
- Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Peter T. Smith
- Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
| | - Xingwu Liu
- Institute of Coal Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Taiyuan Shanxi 030001 China
- Synfuels China Beijing 100195 China
| | - Xiaodong Wen
- Institute of Coal Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Taiyuan Shanxi 030001 China
- Synfuels China Beijing 100195 China
| | - Christophe Copéret
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences ETH Zürich Vladimir Prelog Weg 1–5 8093 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Christopher J. Chang
- Department of Chemistry University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology Howard Hughes Medical Institute University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
- Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA
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22
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Francke R, Schille B, Roemelt M. Homogeneously Catalyzed Electroreduction of Carbon Dioxide-Methods, Mechanisms, and Catalysts. Chem Rev 2018; 118:4631-4701. [PMID: 29319300 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 591] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of CO2 via electrochemical reduction constitutes a promising approach toward production of value-added chemicals or fuels using intermittent renewable energy sources. For this purpose, molecular electrocatalysts are frequently studied and the recent progress both in tuning of the catalytic properties and in mechanistic understanding is truly remarkable. While in earlier years research efforts were focused on complexes with rare metal centers such as Re, Ru, and Pd, the focus has recently shifted toward earth-abundant transition metals such as Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni. By application of appropriate ligands, these metals have been rendered more than competitive for CO2 reduction compared to the heavier homologues. In addition, the important roles of the second and outer coordination spheres in the catalytic processes have become apparent, and metal-ligand cooperativity has recently become a well-established tool for further tuning of the catalytic behavior. Surprising advances have also been made with very simple organocatalysts, although the mechanisms behind their reactivity are not yet entirely understood. Herein, the developments of the last three decades in electrocatalytic CO2 reduction with homogeneous catalysts are reviewed. A discussion of the underlying mechanistic principles is included along with a treatment of the experimental and computational techniques for mechanistic studies and catalyst benchmarking. Important catalyst families are discussed in detail with regard to mechanistic aspects, and recent advances in the field are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Francke
- Institute of Chemistry , Rostock University , Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a , 18059 Rostock , Germany
| | - Benjamin Schille
- Institute of Chemistry , Rostock University , Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a , 18059 Rostock , Germany
| | - Michael Roemelt
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie , Ruhr-University Bochum , 44780 Bochum , Germany.,Max-Planck Institut für Kohlenforschung , Kaiser-Wilhelm Platz 1 , 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr , Germany
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23
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Gonell S, Miller AJ. Carbon Dioxide Electroreduction Catalyzed by Organometallic Complexes. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Burks DB, Davis S, Lamb RW, Liu X, Rodrigues RR, Liyanage NP, Sun Y, Webster CE, Delcamp JH, Papish ET. Nickel(ii) pincer complexes demonstrate that the remote substituent controls catalytic carbon dioxide reduction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:3819-3822. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc09507d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New pincers containing a pyridinol ring form active nickel catalysts for CO2 reduction, and interestingly protonation switches the catalyst off.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalton B. Burks
- University of Alabama (UA)
- Department of Chemistry
- Tuscaloosa
- USA
| | - Shakeyia Davis
- University of Mississippi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Coulter Hall
- University
- USA
| | - Robert W. Lamb
- Mississippi State University, Department of Chemistry
- Hand Chemical Lab
- Mississippi State
- USA
| | - Xuan Liu
- Utah State University
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Logan
- USA
| | - Roberta R. Rodrigues
- University of Mississippi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Coulter Hall
- University
- USA
| | - Nalaka P. Liyanage
- University of Mississippi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Coulter Hall
- University
- USA
| | - Yujie Sun
- Utah State University
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Logan
- USA
| | - Charles Edwin Webster
- Mississippi State University, Department of Chemistry
- Hand Chemical Lab
- Mississippi State
- USA
| | - Jared H. Delcamp
- University of Mississippi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Coulter Hall
- University
- USA
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25
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Wang H, Zhang B, Yan X, Guo S. Palladium pincer-type complexes and zwitterionic sulfur adducts of pyridine-bridged bis(1,2,3-triazolin-5-ylidenes): syntheses, characterizations and catalytic applications. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:528-537. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt03687f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Different reactivities of pincer-type pyridine-bridged bis(mesoionic carbenes) towards palladium(ii) and elemental sulfur have been revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Capital Normal University
- Beijing
- People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Capital Normal University
- Beijing
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xuechao Yan
- Department of Chemistry
- Capital Normal University
- Beijing
- People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Guo
- Department of Chemistry
- Capital Normal University
- Beijing
- People's Republic of China
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26
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Synthesis and structure elucidation of allyl Pd(II) complexes of NHC ligands derived from substituted imidazo[1,5-a]quinolin-1(2H)-ylidene. J Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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27
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Andrade GA, DiMeglio JL, Guardino ET, Yap GP, Rosenthal J. Synthesis and structure of palladium(II) complexes supported by bis-NHC pincer ligands for the electrochemical activation of CO 2. Polyhedron 2017; 135:134-143. [PMID: 30983680 PMCID: PMC6457682 DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2017.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A series of bis-NHC pincer complexes of palladium(II) have been prepared and characterized. These pyridyl-spaced dicarbene complexes ([(PDCR)Pd(MeCN)](PF6)2 ) were synthesized with substituents of varying steric bulk at the wingtip positions, which include R = methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, cyclohexyl, mesityl and 2,6-diisopropylphenyl. The synthesis of this library of complexes was accomplished either by direct metallation of the prerequisite pyridyl-spaced bis-imidazolium proligands with Pd(OAc)2 or via treatment with Ag2O to afford the corresponding silver carbenes, which were then transmetallated onto palladium. Solid-state structures for each of the [(PDCR)Pd(MeCN)](PF6)2 derivatives were obtained via X-ray crystallography and allowed for the steric properties of each PDCR ligand to be evaluated by two methods. These analyses, which included calculation of the percent buried volume (%VBur) and solid angles of the PDCR ligands, served to characterize the steric environment around the palladium center in each of the complexes that was prepared. Finally, voltammetry and controlled potential electrolysis studies were performed to characterize the redox chemistry of the [(PDCR)Pd(MeCN)](PF6)2 derivatives and assess if they could electrocatalyze the reduction of CO2. The influence of the steric properties of the PDCR ligand on the electrochemistry of the resulting complexes [(PDCR)Pd(MeCN)](PF6)2 is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel A. Andrade
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - John L. DiMeglio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Eric T. Guardino
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Glenn P.A. Yap
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
| | - Joel Rosenthal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, United States
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28
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Boudreaux CM, Liyanage NP, Shirley H, Siek S, Gerlach DL, Qu F, Delcamp JH, Papish ET. Ruthenium(ii) complexes of pyridinol and N-heterocyclic carbene derived pincers as robust catalysts for selective carbon dioxide reduction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:11217-11220. [PMID: 28956560 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc05706g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new pincer ligand with N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) and 4-pyridinol-derived rings supports ruthenium complexes for photocatalytic CO2 reduction. The methoxy group on the pyridine ring offers unique catalysis advantages not seen with the unsubstituted analog. Our best catalyst offers selective CO formation, ∼250 turnover cycles, and a 40 h lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chance M Boudreaux
- University of Alabama, Department of Chemistry, Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA.
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29
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Therrien JA, Wolf MO. The Influence of para Substituents in Bis(N-Heterocyclic Carbene) Palladium Pincer Complexes for Electrocatalytic CO 2 Reduction. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:1161-1172. [PMID: 28071907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The effect of modifying the pyridyl para position of lutidine-linked bis(N-heterocyclic carbene) Pd pincer complexes is studied both experimentally (R = OMe, H, Br, and COOR) and computationally, showing a strong effect on the first reduction potential of the complex and allowing the reduction potential to be tuned over a wide range in relation to the Hammett σp constant of the para substituent. The effect of the pyridyl para substituent on electron density of the metal center, frontier orbital energies, and dissociation energy of the trans ligand are also investigated in the context of reactivity with CO2 through electrochemical characterization of the complexes under N2 and CO2 and controlled potential electrolysis experiments where CO2 is reduced to CO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Therrien
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Michael O Wolf
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
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30
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Schneider TW, Ertem MZ, Muckerman JT, Angeles-Boza AM. Mechanism of Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 by Re(bpy)(CO)3Cl from Differences in Carbon Isotope Discrimination. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b01208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taylor W. Schneider
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
| | - Mehmed Z. Ertem
- Chemistry Division, Energy & Photon Sciences Directorate, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Building 555A, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - James T. Muckerman
- Chemistry Division, Energy & Photon Sciences Directorate, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Building 555A, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Alfredo M. Angeles-Boza
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3060, United States
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31
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Stępień M, Gońka E, Żyła M, Sprutta N. Heterocyclic Nanographenes and Other Polycyclic Heteroaromatic Compounds: Synthetic Routes, Properties, and Applications. Chem Rev 2016; 117:3479-3716. [PMID: 27258218 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 865] [Impact Index Per Article: 108.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensionally extended, polycyclic heteroaromatic molecules (heterocyclic nanographenes) are a highly versatile class of organic materials, applicable as functional chromophores and organic semiconductors. In this Review, we discuss the rich chemistry of large heteroaromatics, focusing on their synthesis, electronic properties, and applications in materials science. This Review summarizes the historical development and current state of the art in this rapidly expanding field of research, which has become one of the key exploration areas of modern heterocyclic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Gońka
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marika Żyła
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Natasza Sprutta
- Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Wrocławski , ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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32
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Narayanan R, McKinnon M, Reed BR, Ngo KT, Groysman S, Rochford J. Ambiguous electrocatalytic CO2 reduction behaviour of a nickel bis(aldimino)pyridine pincer complex. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:15285-15289. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt01872f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The electrochemical properties of two Ni(NNN)X2 pincer complexes are reported where X = Cl or Br and NNN is N,N′-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)bis-aldiminopyridine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remya Narayanan
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Massachusetts Boston
- Boston
- USA
| | - Meaghan McKinnon
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Massachusetts Boston
- Boston
- USA
| | - Blake R. Reed
- Department of Chemistry
- Wayne State University
- Detroit
- USA
| | - Ken T. Ngo
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Massachusetts Boston
- Boston
- USA
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