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Reichenauer F, Wang C, Förster C, Boden P, Ugur N, Báez-Cruz R, Kalmbach J, Carrella LM, Rentschler E, Ramanan C, Niedner-Schatteburg G, Gerhards M, Seitz M, Resch-Genger U, Heinze K. Strongly Red-Emissive Molecular Ruby [Cr(bpmp) 2] 3+ Surpasses [Ru(bpy) 3] 2. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:11843-11855. [PMID: 34296865 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gaining chemical control over the thermodynamics and kinetics of photoexcited states is paramount to an efficient and sustainable utilization of photoactive transition metal complexes in a plethora of technologies. In contrast to energies of charge transfer states described by spatially separated orbitals, the energies of spin-flip states cannot straightforwardly be predicted as Pauli repulsion and the nephelauxetic effect play key roles. Guided by multireference quantum chemical calculations, we report a novel highly luminescent spin-flip emitter with a quantum chemically predicted blue-shifted luminescence. The spin-flip emission band of the chromium complex [Cr(bpmp)2]3+ (bpmp = 2,6-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)pyridine) shifted to higher energy from ca. 780 nm observed for known highly emissive chromium(III) complexes to 709 nm. The photoluminescence quantum yields climb to 20%, and very long excited state lifetimes in the millisecond range are achieved at room temperature in acidic D2O solution. Partial ligand deuteration increases the quantum yield to 25%. The high excited state energy of [Cr(bpmp)2]3+ and its facile reduction to [Cr(bpmp)2]2+ result in a high excited state redox potential. The ligand's methylene bridge acts as a Brønsted acid quenching the luminescence at high pH. Combined with a pH-insensitive chromium(III) emitter, ratiometric optical pH sensing is achieved with single wavelength excitation. The photophysical and ground state properties (quantum yield, lifetime, redox potential, and acid/base) of this spin-flip complex incorporating an earth-abundant metal surpass those of the classical precious metal [Ru(α-diimine)3]2+ charge transfer complexes, which are commonly employed in optical sensing and photo(redox) catalysis, underlining the bright future of these molecular ruby analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Reichenauer
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Cui Wang
- Division Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany.,Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Förster
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Pit Boden
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center Optimas, University Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Naz Ugur
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ricardo Báez-Cruz
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Jens Kalmbach
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Luca M Carrella
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Eva Rentschler
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Charusheela Ramanan
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Gereon Niedner-Schatteburg
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center Optimas, University Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Markus Gerhards
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center Optimas, University Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Michael Seitz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- Division Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katja Heinze
- Department of Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Abad‐Galán L, Cieslik P, Comba P, Gast M, Maury O, Neupert L, Roux A, Wadepohl H. Excited State Properties of Lanthanide(III) Complexes with a Nonadentate Bispidine Ligand. Chemistry 2021; 27:10303-10312. [PMID: 33780569 PMCID: PMC8360039 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202005459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
EuIII , TbIII , GdIII and YbIII complexes of the nonadentate bispidine derivative L2 (bispidine=3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane) were successfully synthesized and their emission properties studied. The X-ray crystallography reveals full encapsulation by the nonadentate ligand L2 that enforces to all LnIII cations a common highly symmetrical capped square antiprismatic (CSAPR) coordination geometry (pseudo C4v symmetry). The well-resolved identical emission spectra in solid state and in solution confirm equal structures in both media. As therefore expected, this results in long-lived excited states and high emission quantum yields ([EuIII L2 ]+ , H2 O, 298 K, τ=1.51 ms, ϕ=0.35; [TbIII L2 ]+ , H2 O, 298 K, τ=1.95 ms, ϕ=0.68). Together with the very high kinetic and thermodynamic stabilities, these complexes are a possible basis for interesting biological probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Abad‐Galán
- Université de LyonENS de LyonLaboratoire de ChimieCNRS UMR 5182Université Claude Bernard Lyon 169342LyonFrance
| | - Patrick Cieslik
- Universität HeidelbergAnorganisch-Chemisches InstitutINF 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Peter Comba
- Universität HeidelbergAnorganisch-Chemisches InstitutINF 27069120HeidelbergGermany
- Universität HeidelbergInterdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing69120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Michael Gast
- Universität HeidelbergAnorganisch-Chemisches InstitutINF 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Olivier Maury
- Université de LyonENS de LyonLaboratoire de ChimieCNRS UMR 5182Université Claude Bernard Lyon 169342LyonFrance
| | - Lucca Neupert
- Universität HeidelbergAnorganisch-Chemisches InstitutINF 27069120HeidelbergGermany
| | - Amandine Roux
- Université de LyonENS de LyonLaboratoire de ChimieCNRS UMR 5182Université Claude Bernard Lyon 169342LyonFrance
| | - Hubert Wadepohl
- Universität HeidelbergAnorganisch-Chemisches InstitutINF 27069120HeidelbergGermany
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Yang K, Yang X, Zhang L, An J, Wang H, Deng Z. Copper redox mediators with alkoxy groups suppressing recombination for dye-sensitized solar cells. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Kruck C, Nazari P, Dee C, Richards BS, Turshatov A, Seitz M. Efficient Ytterbium Near-Infrared Luminophore Based on a Nondeuterated Ligand. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:6959-6965. [PMID: 31050288 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel molecular ytterbium complex is reported with a new tetradentate ligand based on the 2,2'-bipyridine-6,6'-dicarboxylic acid scaffold. The photophysical properties are investigated, especially with respect to near-infrared luminescence. The ytterbium complex shows a rather high absolute luminescence quantum yield of Φ = 3.0% and a luminescence lifetime of τobs = 72 μs at room temperature in CD3OD solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kruck
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , University of Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 18 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Pariya Nazari
- Institute of Microstructure Technology , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 , 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , Germany
| | - Carolin Dee
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , University of Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 18 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
| | - Bryce S Richards
- Institute of Microstructure Technology , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 , 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , Germany
| | - Andrey Turshatov
- Institute of Microstructure Technology , Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 , 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen , Germany
| | - Michael Seitz
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry , University of Tübingen , Auf der Morgenstelle 18 , 72076 Tübingen , Germany
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Gámez-Heredia RG, Cruz-Enríquez A, Aceves R, Höpfl H, Parra-Hake M, Navarro RE, Campos-Gaxiola JJ. Synthesis, structural characterization and photoluminescence properties of mononuclear Eu3+, Gd3+ and Tb3+ complexes derived from cis-(±)-2,4,5-tris(pyridin-2-yl)-imidazoline as ligand. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Braun F, Comba P, Grimm L, Herten DP, Pokrandt B, Wadepohl H. Ligand-sensitized lanthanide(III) luminescence with octadentate bispidines. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Nonat A, Liu T, Jeannin O, Camerel F, Charbonnière LJ. Energy Transfer in Supramolecular Heteronuclear Lanthanide Dimers and Application to Fluoride Sensing in Water. Chemistry 2018; 24:3784-3792. [PMID: 29322568 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201705532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In the presence of fluoride anions, [LnL(H2 O)]+ complexes, based on the coordination of a lanthanide (Ln) cation into the cavity of a C2v symmetrical cyclen-based ligand (L), self-assemble in water to form [(LnL)2 F]+ dimers. The crystal structures of the Yb hydrated monomer and of the fluorinated dimer are reported and analyzed to unravel the impact of the cumulative effect of weak hydrogen bonding and aromatic stacking interactions in the supramolecular assembly. The assembly is stable over a broad range of pH 3-8. A combination of equimolar amounts of Eu and Tb complexes led to a quasistatistical mixture of homo- and heterodimers, as observed by using electrospray mass spectrometry. In the heterodimers, selective excitation into the 7 F6 →5 D4 absorption band of the Tb center at λ=488 nm allowed the observation of a Tb-to-Eu downshifting energy transfer, not observed in the absence of fluoride ions. Analysis of the excited-state lifetimes of the dimers within the frame of the Förster theory of energy transfer showed the transfer to have an efficiency of 34 %, with a corresponding Förster radius of 4.1 Å; thereby, unraveling the short Ln-Ln distance as a crucial parameter of the energy-transfer process. By using equimolar mixtures of the Tb and Eu complexes, the energy-transfer phenomenon was used for a ratiometric sensing of fluoride anions in water with a detection limit of 17.7 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Nonat
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie Moléculaire Appliquée à l'Analyse, IPHC, UMR 7178 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, ECPM, Bât R1N0, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Tao Liu
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie Moléculaire Appliquée à l'Analyse, IPHC, UMR 7178 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, ECPM, Bât R1N0, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Olivier Jeannin
- Laboratoire Matière Condensée et Systèmes Électroactifs, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR-CNRS 6226, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, CS 74205, F-35042, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Franck Camerel
- Laboratoire Matière Condensée et Systèmes Électroactifs, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR-CNRS 6226, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, CS 74205, F-35042, Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Loïc J Charbonnière
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie Moléculaire Appliquée à l'Analyse, IPHC, UMR 7178 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, ECPM, Bât R1N0, 25 Rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg Cedex, France
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Kreidt E, Kruck C, Seitz M. Nonradiative Deactivation of Lanthanoid Luminescence by Multiphonon Relaxation in Molecular Complexes. INCLUDING ACTINIDES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.hpcre.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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