1
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Heim GP, Hirahara M, Dev VM, Agapie T. Synthesis and electronic properties of nitrogen-rich nanographene. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024. [PMID: 38916042 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01189a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
A polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon displaying twelve edge nitrogen centers for a 42 π-electron system is reported. This compound was synthesized via Sonogashira coupling of pyrimidine precursors, [2+2+2] cycloaddition of bis(aryl) alkynes, and anionic cyclodehydrogenation. Spectroscopy, electrochemistry, and computational results suggest a narrowing of the HOMO-LUMO gap compared to the N-free analogue. Metal coordination affects the optical properties of the extended π system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin P Heim
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd MC 127-72, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
| | - Masanari Hirahara
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd MC 127-72, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
| | - Vidhya M Dev
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd MC 127-72, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
| | - Theodor Agapie
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd MC 127-72, Pasadena, California 91125, USA.
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2
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Kisel KS, Shakirova JR, Pavlovskiy VV, Evarestov RA, Gurzhiy VV, Tunik SP. Unusual Effects of the Metal Center Coordination Mode on the Photophysical Behavior of the Rhenium(I) and Rhenium(I)-Iridium(III) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:18625-18640. [PMID: 37919252 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Binuclear transition-metal complexes based on conjugated systems containing coordinating functions are potentially suitable for a wide range of applications, including light-emitting materials, sensors, light-harvesting systems, photocatalysts, etc., due to energy-transfer processes between chromophore centers. Herein we report on the synthesis, characterization, photophysical, and theoretical studies of relatively rare rhenium(I) and rhenium(I)-iridium(III) dyads prepared by using the nonsymmetrical polytopic ligands (NN2 and NN3) with the strongly conjugated phenanthroline and imidazole-quinoline/pyridine coordinating fragments. Availability of these different diimine chelating functions and targeted synthetic procedures allowed one to obtain a series of mononuclear (Re and Ir) and binuclear (Re-Re and Re-Ir) metal complexes with various modes of {Re(CO)3Cl} and {Ir(NC)2} metal fragment coordination. The obtained compounds were characterized by 1D 1H and 2D (COSY and NOESY) NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, and X-ray diffraction crystallography. The photophysical study of the complexes (absorption, excitation and emission spectra, quantum yields, and excited-state lifetimes) showed that their emission parameters display strong dependence on the manner of metal center coordination to the diimine bidentate functions. The mononuclear complexes with an unoccupied imidazole-quinoline/pyridine fragment [Re(NN2), Re(NN3), and Ir(NC2)2(NN2)] or those containing a coordinated {Ir(NC)2} fragment in this position [Ir(NC2)2(NN1) and Re(NN2)Ir(NC1)2-Re(NN2)Ir(NC4)2] exhibit moderate-to-intense phosphorescence (quantum yields vary from 3% to 56% in a degassed solution), whereas the complexes containing a {Re(CO)3Cl} moiety in the imidazole-quinoline/pyridine position [Re2(NN2), Re2(NN3), and Ir(NC2)2(NN2)Re] demonstrate a strong reduction in the phosphorescence efficiency with a quantum yield of ≪0.1%. Quenching of the phosphorescence in the latter types of emitters is discussed in terms of a strong decrease in the radiative rate constants for these complexes compared to their analogues mentioned above, while the nonradiative constants remain nearly unchanged. Theoretical density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD DFT) calculations, including evaluation of the radiative rate constants for the couple of structurally analogous complexes with and without a {Re(CO)3Cl} moiety coordinated to the imidazole-quinoline/pyridine chelating function, confirmed the observed trend in the variation of the emission intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina S Kisel
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii av., 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Julia R Shakirova
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii av., 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir V Pavlovskiy
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii av., 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Robert A Evarestov
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii av., 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vladislav V Gurzhiy
- Institute of Earth Sciences, St. Petersburg State University, University Emb. 7/9, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sergey P Tunik
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskii av., 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
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3
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Hölzel H, Haines P, Kaur R, Lungerich D, Jux N, Guldi DM. Probing Charge Management across the π-Systems of Nanographenes in Regioisomeric Electron Donor-Acceptor Architectures. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:8977-8986. [PMID: 35543627 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Inspired by light-induced processes in nature to mimic the primary events in the photosynthetic reaction centers, novel functional materials combine electron donors and acceptors, i.e., (metallo)porphyrins (ZnP) and fullerenes (C60), respectively, with emerging materials, i.e., nanographenes. We utilized hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC) due to its versatility regarding functionalization and physicochemical properties, to construct three regioisomeric ZnP-HBC-C60 conjugates, which foster geometrical diversity by arranging ZnP and C60 in ortho-, meta-, and para-positions to each other. The corresponding hexaarylbenzene (HAB) motifs, with an interrupted π-system, were also prepared. Transient absorption measurements disclosed the fast population of charge transfer as well as singlet and triplet charge-separated states. With the help of density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we further conceive the communication across the HBCs and HABs. This work reveals the impact of both the geometrical arrangement with respect to through-space versus through-bond interactions and the structural rigidity/flexibility on the charge management across the different π-systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Hölzel
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemigården 4, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Chair of Organic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Haines
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Chair of Physical Chemistry I, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ramandeep Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Chair of Physical Chemistry I, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dominik Lungerich
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME), Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Norbert Jux
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Chair of Organic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Chair of Physical Chemistry I, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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4
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Drummer MC, Singh V, Gupta N, Gesiorski JL, Weerasooriya RB, Glusac KD. Photophysics of nanographenes: from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to graphene nanoribbons. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2022; 151:163-184. [PMID: 33963981 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00838-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and nanoribbons (GNRs) are classes of nanographene molecules that exhibit highly tunable photophysical properties. There have been great strides in recent years to advance our understanding of nanographene photophysics and develop their use in light-harvesting systems, such as artificial photosynthesis. Here, we review the latest studies of GQDs and GNRs which have shed new light onto their photophysical underpinnings through computational and advanced spectroscopic techniques. We discuss how the size, symmetry, and shape of nanographenes influence their molecular orbital structures and, consequentially, their spectroscopic signatures. The scope of this review is to comprehensively lay out the general photophysics of nanographenes starting with benzene and building up to larger polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, GQDs, and GNRs. We also explore a collection of publications from recent years that build upon the current understanding of nanographene photophysics and their potential application in light-driven processes from display, lasing, and sensing technology to photocatalytic water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Drummer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Varun Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Nikita Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Jonathan L Gesiorski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Ravindra B Weerasooriya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Ksenija D Glusac
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA.
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5
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Krompiec S, Kurpanik-Wójcik A, Matussek M, Gołek B, Mieszczanin A, Fijołek A. Diels-Alder Cycloaddition with CO, CO 2, SO 2, or N 2 Extrusion: A Powerful Tool for Material Chemistry. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 15:172. [PMID: 35009318 PMCID: PMC8745824 DOI: 10.3390/ma15010172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phenyl, naphthyl, polyarylphenyl, coronene, and other aromatic and polyaromatic moieties primarily influence the final materials' properties. One of the synthetic tools used to implement (hetero)aromatic moieties into final structures is Diels-Alder cycloaddition (DAC), typically combined with Scholl dehydrocondensation. Substituted 2-pyranones, 1,1-dioxothiophenes, and, especially, 1,3-cyclopentadienones are valuable substrates for [4 + 2] cycloaddition, leading to multisubstituted derivatives of benzene, naphthalene, and other aromatics. Cycloadditions of dienes can be carried out with extrusion of carbon dioxide, carbon oxide, or sulphur dioxide. When pyranones, dioxothiophenes, or cyclopentadienones and DA cycloaddition are aided with acetylenes including masked ones, conjugated or isolated diynes, or polyynes and arynes, aromatic systems are obtained. This review covers the development and the current state of knowledge regarding thermal DA cycloaddition of dienes mentioned above and dienophiles leading to (hetero)aromatics via CO, CO2, or SO2 extrusion. Particular attention was paid to the role that introduced aromatic moieties play in designing molecular structures with expected properties. Undoubtedly, the DAC variants described in this review, combined with other modern synthetic tools, constitute a convenient and efficient way of obtaining functionalized nanomaterials, continually showing the potential to impact materials sciences and new technologies in the nearest future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aneta Kurpanik-Wójcik
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 14, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; (S.K.); (B.G.); (A.M.); (A.F.)
| | - Marek Matussek
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Silesia, Bankowa 14, 40-007 Katowice, Poland; (S.K.); (B.G.); (A.M.); (A.F.)
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6
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Haines P, Reger D, Träg J, Strauss V, Lungerich D, Zahn D, Jux N, Guldi DM. On the photophysics of nanographenes - investigation of functionalized hexa- peri-hexabenzocoronenes as model systems. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:801-809. [PMID: 33410836 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr06802k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we report on hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronenes (HBCs) as representative models for nanographenes. To this end, we synthesized a family of functionalized HBCs and investigated the impact of the substituents on the π-extended systems of the HBCs. DFT and TD-DFT calculations suggested a charge transfer character, which intensified as the electron density withdrawing effects of the substituents (-M-effect) increased. Unambiguous corroboration of the charge transfer character in the case of NO2-substituents was realized via steady-state absorption and fluorescence experiments, which focused on the dependencies on the solvent polarity and temperature featuring. Going beyond HBCs with NO2-substituents, time-correlated single photon counting, and femtosecond and nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy unveiled long-lived singlet and triplet excited states. As a complement, we performed electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical measurements. These measurements were carried out to shed light onto the nature of the functionalized HBCs as electron acceptors and/or donors, on the one hand, and their corresponding spectroscopic signatures, on the other hand. All of the aforementioned information enabled intermolecular charge separation assays with, for example, suitable electron acceptors by steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Haines
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - David Reger
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Träg
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Computer Chemistry Center (CCC) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstraße 25, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Volker Strauss
- Max Planck Institut für Kolloid- und Grenzflächenforschung, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
| | - Dominik Lungerich
- Center for Nanomedicine Institute for Basic Science (IBS), 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea and Graduate Program of Nano Biomedical Engineering (NanoBME) Advanced Science Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dirk Zahn
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Computer Chemistry Center (CCC) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nägelsbachstraße 25, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Straße 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dirk M Guldi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy & Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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7
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Lorenz R, Reger D, Weller R, Jux N, Burzlaff N. Hexa- peri-hexabenzocoronene decorated with an allenylidene ruthenium complex - almost a flyswatter. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:13134-13141. [PMID: 32930692 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02729d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-rich ruthenium allenylidene complexes bearing either a hexaarylbenzene (HAB) or a hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC) substituent were synthesised. This was achieved via the corresponding propargyl alcohols with HAB and HBC substituents, which were accessible via 3 or 4 step reaction cascades. Reaction of the propargyl alcohols HC[triple bond, length as m-dash]C(OH)Ph(HAB) and HC[triple bond, length as m-dash]C(OH)Ph(HBC) with [RuCl(η5-C5H5)(PPh3)2] yielded the complexes [Ru(η5-C5H5)([double bond, length as m-dash]C[double bond, length as m-dash]C[double bond, length as m-dash]C(HAB)(Ph))(PPh3)2]PF6 and [Ru(η5-C5H5)([double bond, length as m-dash]C[double bond, length as m-dash]C[double bond, length as m-dash]C(HBC)(Ph))(PPh3)2]PF6. The latter of which shows interesting π-π-stacking behaviour in the solid state as well as aggregation in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Lorenz
- Department Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center of Molecular Materials (ICMM), University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Egerlandstr. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - David Reger
- Department Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Nicolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ruth Weller
- Department Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center of Molecular Materials (ICMM), University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Egerlandstr. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany and Fb. 15 - Chemie, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Straße 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Norbert Jux
- Department Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Nicolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicolai Burzlaff
- Department Chemistry and Pharmacy, Interdisciplinary Center of Molecular Materials (ICMM), University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Egerlandstr. 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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8
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Singh V, Gupta N, Hargenrader GN, Askins EJ, Valentine AJS, Kumar G, Mara MW, Agarwal N, Li X, Chen LX, Cordones AA, Glusac KD. Photophysics of graphene quantum dot assemblies with axially coordinated cobaloxime catalysts. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:124903. [PMID: 33003752 DOI: 10.1063/5.0018581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a study of chromophore-catalyst assemblies composed of light harvesting hexabenzocoronene (HBC) chromophores axially coordinated to two cobaloxime complexes. The chromophore-catalyst assemblies were prepared using bottom-up synthetic methodology and characterized using solid-state NMR, IR, and x-ray absorption spectroscopy. Detailed steady-state and time-resolved laser spectroscopy was utilized to identify the photophysical properties of the assemblies, coupled with time-dependent DFT calculations to characterize the relevant excited states. The HBC chromophores tend to assemble into aggregates that exhibit high exciton diffusion length (D = 18.5 molecule2/ps), indicating that over 50 chromophores can be sampled within their excited state lifetime. We find that the axial coordination of cobaloximes leads to a significant reduction in the excited state lifetime of the HBC moiety, and this finding was discussed in terms of possible electron and energy transfer pathways. By comparing the experimental quenching rate constant (1.0 × 109 s-1) with the rate constant estimates for Marcus electron transfer (5.7 × 108 s-1) and Förster/Dexter energy transfers (8.1 × 106 s-1 and 1.0 × 1010 s-1), we conclude that both Dexter energy and Marcus electron transfer process are possible deactivation pathways in CoQD-A. No charge transfer or energy transfer intermediate was detected in transient absorption spectroscopy, indicating fast, subpicosecond return to the ground state. These results provide important insights into the factors that control the photophysical properties of photocatalytic chromophore-catalyst assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Nikita Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - George N Hargenrader
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Erik J Askins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Andrew J S Valentine
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, USA
| | - Gaurav Kumar
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Michael W Mara
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Ave., Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Neeraj Agarwal
- School of Chemical Sciences, UM DAE Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai, Kalina, Santacruz (E), Mumbai 400098, India
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, USA
| | - Lin X Chen
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Ave., Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Amy A Cordones
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Ksenija D Glusac
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 W Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
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9
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Hall TBJ, Hoggard BR, Larsen CB, Lucas NT. Synthesis of Cyclopenta‐HBCs and their Regioselective Chlorination During Oxidative Cyclodehydrogenation. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:1106-1110. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B. J. Hall
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and NanotechnologyDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Otago Dunedin 9016 New Zealand
| | - Bryce R. Hoggard
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and NanotechnologyDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Otago Dunedin 9016 New Zealand
| | - Christopher B. Larsen
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and NanotechnologyDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Otago Dunedin 9016 New Zealand
| | - Nigel T. Lucas
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and NanotechnologyDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Otago Dunedin 9016 New Zealand
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10
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Kisel KS, Eskelinen T, Zafar W, Solomatina AI, Hirva P, Grachova EV, Tunik SP, Koshevoy IO. Chromophore-Functionalized Phenanthro-diimine Ligands and Their Re(I) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:6349-6361. [PMID: 29749736 PMCID: PMC6150663 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A series of diimine ligands has been designed on the basis of 2-pyridyl-1 H-phenanthro[9,10- d]imidazole (L1, L2). Coupling the basic motif of L1 with anthracene-containing fragments affords the bichromophore compounds L3-L5, of which L4 and L5 adopt a donor-acceptor architecture. The latter allows intramolecular charge transfer with intense absorption bands in the visible spectrum (lowest λabs 464 nm (ε = 1.2 × 104 M-1 cm-1) and 490 nm (ε = 5.2 × 104 M-1 cm-1) in CH2Cl2 for L4 and L5, respectively). L1-L5 show strong fluorescence in a fluid medium (Φem = 22-92%, λem 370-602 nm in CH2Cl2); discernible emission solvatochromism is observed for L4 and L5. In addition, the presence of pyridyl (L1-L5) and dimethylaminophenyl (L5) groups enables reversible alteration of their optical properties by means of protonation. Ligands L1-L5 were used to synthesize the corresponding [Re(CO)3X(diimine)] (X = Cl, 1-5; X = CN, 1-CN) complexes. 1 and 2 exhibit unusual dual emission of singlet and triplet parentage, which originate from independently populated 1ππ* and 3MLCT excited states. In contrast to the majority of the reported Re(I) carbonyl luminophores, complexes 3-5 display moderately intense ligand-based fluorescence from an anthracene-containing secondary chromophore and complete quenching of emission from the 3MLCT state presumably due to the triplet-triplet energy transfer (3MLCT → 3ILCT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina S. Kisel
- University of Eastern
Finland, Department of Chemistry, Joensuu 80101, Finland
- St.Petersburg State University, Department of Chemistry, Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Toni Eskelinen
- University of Eastern
Finland, Department of Chemistry, Joensuu 80101, Finland
| | - Waqar Zafar
- University of Eastern
Finland, Department of Chemistry, Joensuu 80101, Finland
| | - Anastasia I. Solomatina
- St.Petersburg State University, Department of Chemistry, Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Pipsa Hirva
- University of Eastern
Finland, Department of Chemistry, Joensuu 80101, Finland
| | - Elena V. Grachova
- St.Petersburg State University, Department of Chemistry, Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sergey P. Tunik
- St.Petersburg State University, Department of Chemistry, Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Igor O. Koshevoy
- University of Eastern
Finland, Department of Chemistry, Joensuu 80101, Finland
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11
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Shillito GE, Hall TBJ, Preston D, Traber P, Wu L, Reynolds KEA, Horvath R, Sun XZ, Lucas NT, Crowley JD, George MW, Kupfer S, Gordon KC. Dramatic Alteration of 3ILCT Lifetimes Using Ancillary Ligands in [Re(L)(CO) 3(phen-TPA)] n+ Complexes: An Integrated Spectroscopic and Theoretical Study. J Am Chem Soc 2018. [PMID: 29537264 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b12868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The ground and excited state photophysical properties of a series of fac-[Re(L)(CO)3(α-diimine)] n+ complexes, where L = Br-, Cl-, 4-dimethylaminopyridine (dmap) and pyridine (py) have been extensively studied utilizing numerous electronic and vibrational spectroscopic techniques in conjunction with a suite of quantum chemical methods. The α-diimine ligand consists of 1,10-phenanthroline with the highly electron donating triphenylamine (TPA) appended in the 5 position. This gives rise to intraligand charge transfer (ILCT) states lying lower in energy than the conventional metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) state, the energies of which are red and blue-shifted, respectively, as the ancillary ligand, L becomes more electron withdrawing. The emitting state is 3ILCT in nature for all complexes studied, characterized through transient absorption and emission, transient resonance Raman (TR2), time-resolved infrared (TRIR) spectroscopy and TDDFT calculations. Systematic modulation of the ancillary ligand causes unanticipated variation in the 3ILCT lifetime by 2 orders of magnitude, ranging from 6.0 μs for L = Br- to 27 ns for L = py, without altering the nature of the excited state formed or the relative order of the other CT states present. Temperature dependent lifetime measurements and quantum chemical calculations provide no clear indication of close lying deactivating states, MO switching, contributions from a halide-to-ligand charge transfer (XLCT) state or dramatic changes in spin-orbit coupling. It appears that the influence of the ancillary ligand on the excited state lifetime could be explained in terms of energy gap law, in which there is a correlation between ln( knr) and Eem with a slope of -21.4 eV-1 for the 3ILCT emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina E Shillito
- Department of Chemistry , University of Otago , P.O. Box 56 , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - Thomas B J Hall
- Department of Chemistry , University of Otago , P.O. Box 56 , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - Dan Preston
- Department of Chemistry , University of Otago , P.O. Box 56 , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - Philipp Traber
- Institute for Physical Chemistry , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 4 , 07743 Jena , Germany
| | - Lingjun Wu
- School of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , United Kingdom
| | | | - Raphael Horvath
- School of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , United Kingdom
| | - Xue Z Sun
- School of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , United Kingdom
| | - Nigel T Lucas
- Department of Chemistry , University of Otago , P.O. Box 56 , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - James D Crowley
- Department of Chemistry , University of Otago , P.O. Box 56 , Dunedin , New Zealand
| | - Michael W George
- School of Chemistry , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , United Kingdom.,Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering , University of Nottingham Ningbo China , 199 Taikang East Road , Ningbo 315100 , China
| | - Stephan Kupfer
- Institute for Physical Chemistry , Friedrich Schiller University Jena , Helmholtzweg 4 , 07743 Jena , Germany
| | - Keith C Gordon
- Department of Chemistry , University of Otago , P.O. Box 56 , Dunedin , New Zealand
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12
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Sutton JJ, Barnsley JE, Mapley JI, Wagner P, Officer DL, Gordon KC. Modulation of Donor-Acceptor Distance in a Series of Carbazole Push-Pull Dyes; A Spectroscopic and Computational Study. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020421. [PMID: 29443935 PMCID: PMC6017769 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of eight carbazole-cyanoacrylate based donor-acceptor dyes were studied. Within the series the influence of modifying the thiophene bridge, linking donor and acceptor and a change in the nature of the acceptor, from acid to ester, was explored. In this joint experimental and computational study we have used electronic absorbance and emission spectroscopies, Raman spectroscopy and computational modeling (density functional theory). From these studies it was found that extending the bridge length allowed the lowest energy transition to be systematically red shifted by 0.12 eV, allowing for limited tuning of the absorption of dyes using this structural motif. Using the aforementioned techniques we demonstrate that this transition is charge transfer in nature. Furthermore, the extent of charge transfer between donor and acceptor decreases with increasing bridge length and the bridge plays a smaller role in electronically mixing with the acceptor as it is extended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Sutton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Jonathan E Barnsley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Joseph I Mapley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Pawel Wagner
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute/AIIM Faculty, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
| | - David L Officer
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Electromaterials Science, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute/AIIM Faculty, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia.
| | - Keith C Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
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13
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Smith JN, Hook JM, Lucas NT. Superphenylphosphines: Nanographene-Based Ligands That Control Coordination Geometry and Drive Supramolecular Assembly. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:1131-1141. [PMID: 29253338 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b12251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tertiary phosphines remain widely utilized in synthesis, most notably as supporting ligands in metal complexes. A series of triarylphosphines bearing one to three hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC) substituents has been prepared by an efficient divergent route. These "superphenylphosphines", P{HBC(t-Bu)5}nPh3-n (n = 1-3), form the palladium complexes PdCl2L2 and Pd2Cl4L2 where the isomer distribution in solution is dependent on the number of HBC substituents. The crystalline structures of five complexes all show intramolecular π-stacking between HBC-phosphines to form a supramolecular bidentate-like ligand that distorts the metal coordination geometry. When n = 2 or 3, the additional HBC substituents engage in intermolecular π-stacking to assemble the complexes into continuous ribbons or sheets. The phosphines adopt HBC's characteristics including strong optical absorption, green emission, and redox activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan N Smith
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago , Union Place, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - James M Hook
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales , Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Nigel T Lucas
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago , Union Place, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
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14
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Riobé F, Szűcs R, Lescop C, Réau R, Nyulászi L, Bouit PA, Hissler M. Coordination Complexes of P-Containing Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Optical Properties and Solid-State Supramolecular Assembly. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- François Riobé
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes UMR 6226 CNRS - Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Rózsa Szűcs
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes UMR 6226 CNRS - Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes, France
- Department
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szt. Gellert ter 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Christophe Lescop
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes UMR 6226 CNRS - Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Régis Réau
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes UMR 6226 CNRS - Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - László Nyulászi
- Department
of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szt. Gellert ter 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pierre-Antoine Bouit
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes UMR 6226 CNRS - Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Muriel Hissler
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes UMR 6226 CNRS - Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes, France
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15
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Huff GS, Lo WKC, Horvath R, Turner JO, Sun XZ, Weal GR, Davidson HJ, Kennedy ADW, McAdam CJ, Crowley JD, George MW, Gordon KC. Excited States of Triphenylamine-Substituted 2-Pyridyl-1,2,3-triazole Complexes. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:12238-12253. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b01959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S. Huff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Warrick K. C. Lo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Raphael Horvath
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Jack O. Turner
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Xue-Zhong Sun
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Geoffrey R. Weal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | | | | | - C. John McAdam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - James D. Crowley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Michael W. George
- School
of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
- Department of Chemical and Environmental
Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East
Road, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Keith C. Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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16
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Coe BJ, Foxon SP, Pilkington RA, Sánchez S, Whittaker D, Clays K, Van Steerteghem N, Brunschwig BS. Rhenium(I) Tricarbonyl Complexes with Peripheral N-Coordination Sites: A Foundation for Heterotrimetallic Nonlinear Optical Chromophores. Organometallics 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J. Coe
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Simon P. Foxon
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Rachel A. Pilkington
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Sergio Sánchez
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Daniel Whittaker
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Koen Clays
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nick Van Steerteghem
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bruce S. Brunschwig
- Molecular
Materials Research Center, Beckman Institute, MC 139-74, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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17
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Wright JR, Crowley JD, Lucas NT. Carbon-rich “Click” 1,2,3-triazoles: hexaphenylbenzene and hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene-based ligands for Suzuki–Miyaura catalysts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:12976-12979. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc07413h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Routes to polyaromatic 1,2,3-triazole ligands have been developed, their [PdCl2L2] complexes characterised and assessed as precatalysts in the Suzuki–Miyaura reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R. Wright
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Otago
- Dunedin
- New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
| | | | - Nigel T. Lucas
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Otago
- Dunedin
- New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
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