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Lu F, Lin T, Chen H. Singlet oxygen-mediated fluconazole degradation during the activation of chlorine dioxide with sulfite. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 248:120887. [PMID: 37992637 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Singlet oxygen (1O2)-mediated advanced oxidations have received considerable attention due to their strong capacity to resist the water matrix and high selectivity for organic pollutants. In this study, the activation of chlorine dioxide with sulfite (sulfite/ClO2 process) to effectively produce 1O2 was proposed to degrade fluconazole (FLC) and simultaneously control the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs). The results revealed that FLC could be rapidly degraded by 78.6 % within 10 s by the sulfite/ClO2 process. Radical quenching tests and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements confirm that 1O2 produced by the cleavage of epoxides formed by the combination of triazole electron-rich groups in FLC with peroxymonosulfate (PMS) was the main active species in the sulfite/ClO2 process. The degradation of FLC was favored under alkaline conditions because of the fast electron transfer rate at higher pH values. The presence of chloride (Cl-), bicarbonate (HCO3-), and humic acid (HA) hindered the degradation of FLC mainly because they compete with PMS for the electron-rich groups produced by the reaction. The degradation intermediates of FLC were identified by UPLC‒MS/MS, and their transformation pathways were deduced by the condensed Fukui function (CFF) theory. Using sulfite/ClO2 as a pretreatment process to treat real potable water, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and other intermediates may be produced via the carboxylation and carbonylation reactions mediated by 1O2, therefore promoting the formation of DBPs during the following chlorination. This study provided a new perspective that while 1O2 is effectively produced in the sulfite/ClO2 process for contaminant degradation, the formation of DBPs during subsequent chlorination should be cautioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyu Lu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Tao Lin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
| | - Han Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
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Li J, Cassol GS, Zhao J, Sato Y, Jing B, Zhang Y, Shang C, Yang X, Ao Z, Chen G, Yin R. Superfast degradation of micropollutants in water by reactive species generated from the reaction between chlorine dioxide and sulfite. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 222:118886. [PMID: 35917667 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chlorine dioxide (ClO2) is used as an oxidant or disinfectant in (waste)water treatment, whereas sulfite is a prevalent reducing agent to quench the excess ClO2. This study demonstrated that seven micropollutants with structural diversity could be rapidly degraded in the reaction between ClO2 and sulfite under environmentally relevant conditions in synthetic and real drinking water. For example, carbamazepine, which is recalcitrant to standalone ClO2 or sulfite, was degraded by 55%-80% in 10 s in the ClO2/sulfite process at 30-µM ClO2 and 30-µM sulfite concentrations within a pH range of 6.0-11.0. Results from experiments and a kinetic model supported that chlorine monoxide (ClO·) and sulfate radicals (SO4·-) were generated in the ClO2/sulfite process, while hydroxyl radical generation was insignificant. Apart from radicals, dichlorine trioxide (Cl2O3) was generated and largely contributed to micropollutant degradation, supported by experimental results using stopped-flow spectrometry and quantum chemical calculations. The impacts of pH, sulfite dosage, and water matrix components (chloride, bicarbonate, and natural organic matter) on micropollutant abatement in the ClO2/sulfite process were evaluated and discussed. When treating the real potable water, the concentrations of organic (five regulated disinfection byproducts) and inorganic byproducts (chlorite and chlorate) formed in the ClO2/sulfite process were all below the drinking water standards. This study disclosed fundamental knowledge advancements relevant to the reaction mechanisms between ClO2 and sulfite, and highlighed a novel process to abate micropollutants in water and wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999066, China; Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology, Beijing Normal University at Zhu Hai, Zhu Hai, Hong Kong 519087, China
| | - Gabriela Scheibel Cassol
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999066, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999066, China
| | - Yugo Sato
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999066, China
| | - Binghua Jing
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999066, China; Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology, Beijing Normal University at Zhu Hai, Zhu Hai, Hong Kong 519087, China
| | - Yuliang Zhang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999066, China
| | - Chii Shang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999066, China
| | - Xin Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Hong Kong 510275, China
| | - Zhimin Ao
- Advanced Interdisciplinary Institute of Environment and Ecology, Beijing Normal University at Zhu Hai, Zhu Hai, Hong Kong 519087, China
| | - Guanghao Chen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999066, China
| | - Ran Yin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999066, China.
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Zhao X, Wu W, Yan Y. Efficient abatement of an iodinated X-ray contrast media iohexol by Co(II) or Cu(II) activated sulfite autoxidation process. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:24707-24719. [PMID: 31240657 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05601-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Efficient abatement of an iodinated X-ray contrast media iohexol by an emerging sulfite autoxidation advanced oxidation process is demonstrated, which is based on transition metal ion-catalyzed autoxidation of sulfite to form active oxidizing species. The efficacy of the combination of sulfite and transition metal ions (Ag(I), Mn(II), Co(II), Fe(II), Cu(II), Fe(III), or Ce(III)) was tested for iohexol abatement. Co(II) and Cu(II) are proven to show more pronounced catalytic activity than other metals at pH 8.0. According to the quenching studies, sulfate radical (SO4•-) is identified to be the primary species for oxidation of iohexol. Increasing dosages of metal ion or sulfite and higher pH values are favorable for iohexol abatement. Inhibition of iohexol abatement is observed in the absence of dissolved oxygen, which is vital for the production of SO5•- and subsequent formation of SO4•-. Overall, activation of sulfite to produce reactive radicals with extremely low Co(II) or Cu(II) concentrations (in the range of μg L-1) in circumneutral conditions is confirmed, which offers a potential SO4•--based advanced oxidation process in treatment of aquatic organic contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Wenjing Wu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Yonggui Yan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
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Csekö G, Pan C, Gao Q, Horváth AK. Kinetics of the Two-Stage Oxidation of Sulfide by Chlorine Dioxide. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:10189-10198. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- György Csekö
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Ifjúság u. 6, Pécs H-7624, Hungary
| | - Changwei Pan
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingyu Gao
- College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, People’s Republic of China
| | - Attila K. Horváth
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Ifjúság u. 6, Pécs H-7624, Hungary
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Ji C, Yan X, Pan C, Lv F, Gao Q. The Key Heterolysis Selectivity of Divalent Sulfur–Sulfur Bonds for a Unified Mechanistic Scheme in the Thiosulfatolysis and Sulfitolysis of the Pentathionate Ion. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Ji
- College of Chemical Engineering China University of Mining and Technology 221116 Xuzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangdong Yan
- College of Chemical Engineering China University of Mining and Technology 221116 Xuzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Changwei Pan
- College of Chemical Engineering China University of Mining and Technology 221116 Xuzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Fengpeng Lv
- College of Chemical Engineering China University of Mining and Technology 221116 Xuzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Qingyu Gao
- College of Chemical Engineering China University of Mining and Technology 221116 Xuzhou People's Republic of China
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Baranyi N, Csekő G, Valkai L, Xu L, Horváth AK. Kinetics and Mechanism of the Chlorite-Periodate System: Formation of a Short-Lived Key Intermediate OClOIO3 and Its Subsequent Reactions. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:2436-40. [PMID: 26849795 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b02836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The chlorite-periodate reaction has been studied spectrophotometrically in acidic medium at 25.0 ± 0.1 °C, monitoring the absorbance at 400 nm in acetate/acetic acid buffer at constant ionic strength (I = 0.5 M). We have shown that periodate was exclusively reduced to iodate, but chlorite ion was oxidized to chlorate and chlorine dioxide via branching pathways. The stoichiometry of the reaction can be described as a linear combination of two limiting stoichiometries under our experimental conditions. Detailed initial rate studies have clearly revealed that the formal kinetic orders of hydrogen ion, chlorite ion, and periodate ion are all strictly one, establishing an empirical rate law to be d[ClO2]/dt = kobs[ClO2(-)][IO4(-)][H(+)], where the apparent rate coefficient (kobs) was found to be 70 ± 13 M(-2) s(-1). On the basis of the experiments, a simple four-step kinetic model with three fitted kinetic parameters is proposed by nonlinear parameter estimation. The reaction was found to proceed via a parallel oxygen transfer reaction leading to the exclusive formation of chlorate and iodate as well as via the formation of a short-lived key intermediate OClOIO3 followed by its further transformations by a sequence of branching pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nóra Baranyi
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pécs , Ifjúság útja 6, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - György Csekő
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pécs , Ifjúság útja 6, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - László Valkai
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pécs , Ifjúság útja 6, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pécs , Ifjúság útja 6, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Attila K Horváth
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pécs , Ifjúság útja 6, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
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